JP2015038791A - Recording device, recording method, and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a recording device, a recording method, and a storage medium, in which the storage medium does not become unavailable even when a write error occurs.SOLUTION: According to an embodiment, a recording device includes initialization means, recording means, and reinitialization means. The initialization means sets a first region for recording a stream file and a second region for recording management information, in a storage medium. The recording means records the management information in the second region and records the stream file in the first region. The reinitialization means sets a third region for recording a new stream file and a fourth region for storing new management information, in the first or second region. After reinitialization, the management information recorded in the first region and the stream file recorded in the second region cannot be read.

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a recording apparatus, a recording method, and a storage medium.

  In recent years, DVD-R disc (registered trademark) and BD-R disc (registered trademark) are known as recordable optical discs. As these recordable optical discs, multilayer discs in which a plurality of recording layers are laminated in order to increase the recording capacity have been put into practical use.

  A volume space conforming to the UDF standard is set for a recordable optical disc. Volume management structure information, metadata, file data (other than stream), and stream data are recorded in the volume space. Volume management structure information is volume structure information, metadata is an element constituting a file, and file data is database information of stream data. Therefore, in order to access the stream data, it is necessary to sequentially refer to the volume management structure information, metadata, and file data. If a write error occurs even in one of these data, other data cannot be referred to and the stream data cannot be accessed. Such a disc cannot be recorded or reproduced. The reason why the disc becomes unusable even if an empty area remains in the data recording area is particularly undesired from the viewpoint of waste of resources as well as a heavy financial burden on the user in the case of a multilayer disc.

JP 2006-127700 A

  The conventional recordable optical disc has a problem that when a write error occurs, the disc becomes unusable.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a recording apparatus, a recording method, and a storage medium in which the storage medium does not become unusable even if a write error occurs.

  The recording apparatus according to the embodiment includes an initialization unit, a recording unit, and a reinitialization unit. The initialization unit sets a first area for recording a stream file and a second area for recording management information in the storage medium. The recording means records the management information in the second area, and records the stream file in the first area. The reinitialization means sets a third area for recording a new stream file and a fourth area for recording new management information in the first area or the second area. After re-initialization, the management information recorded in the first area and the stream file recorded in the second area are unreadable.

It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the recording / reproducing apparatus of embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the data structure after initialization of the recordable optical disk. It is a figure which shows an example of the recording on an optical disk. It is a figure which shows the example of the data structure after the re-initialization of an optical disk. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an optical disc re-initialization process.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a recording / reproducing apparatus. The recording / reproducing apparatus has two types of disk drive units 21 and 23. Here, the recording medium is shown as an apparatus capable of handling both a BD-R disc and a hard disk. However, a recording medium made of a semiconductor memory may be used instead of the hard disk, or only a BD-R disc may be used. .

  The disk drive unit 23 rotationally drives a BD-R disk, which is an information recording medium that can construct a video file, and executes reading and writing of information. The disk drive unit 23 includes a rotation control system for the BD-R disk, a laser drive system, an optical system, and the like. The hard disk drive unit 21 drives a hard disk.

  The data processor unit 22 can supply recording data to the disk drive unit 23 and the hard disk drive unit 21 and can receive a reproduced signal. The data processor unit 22 handles data for recording or reproduction units, and includes a buffer circuit, a modulation / demodulation circuit, an error correction unit, and the like.

  Each block in FIG. 1 is roughly divided. The left side shows main blocks of the recording unit, and the right side shows main blocks of the reproducing unit. The recording / reproducing apparatus mainly includes an encoder unit 50 constituting the recording side, a decoder unit 60 constituting the reproducing side, and a microcomputer unit 30 for controlling the operation of the apparatus main body.

  The encoder unit 50 includes a video and audio analog / digital converter that digitizes an input analog video signal or analog audio signal, a video encoder, an audio encoder, and a sub-picture encoder.

  The encoder unit 50 receives an external analog video signal and an external analog audio signal from the AV input unit 40 or an analog video signal and an analog audio signal from the TV tuner unit 42. The analog signal is input via an analog / digital converter. The encoder unit 50 can also directly input a compressed digital video signal or digital audio signal.

  In the video encoder included in the encoder unit 50, the digital video signal and the digital audio signal are converted into a digital video signal and a digital audio signal based on a predetermined standard.

  When a sub-video signal is input from the AV input unit 40 (for example, when a signal from a player with an independent output terminal of a sub-video signal is input), or a video signal having such a data structure is broadcast, Is received by the TV tuner 42, the sub-picture signal in the video signal is encoded (run-length encoded) by the sub-picture encoder to become a sub-picture bitmap.

  The encoded digital video signal, digital audio signal, and sub-picture data are packed into a video pack, an audio pack, and a sub-picture pack, and these are collected and converted into a format defined by the BD-R standard. .

  The formatted information (packs of video, audio, sub-picture data, etc.) and the created management information are supplied to the hard disk drive unit 21 or the data disk drive unit 23 via the data processor unit 22, and the hard disk or BD- It can be recorded on an R disc. Information recorded on the hard disk or the BD-R disk can be recorded (dubbed) on the BD-R disk or the hard disk via the data processor unit 22, the disk drive unit 23, or the hard disk drive unit 21.

  The microcomputer unit 30 includes an MPU (micro processing unit) or CPU (central processing unit), a ROM in which a control program and the like are written, and a RAM for providing a work area necessary for program execution. Yes. Among the processing results of the MPU, contents to be notified to the user are displayed on the display unit 43 of the recording / reproducing apparatus or displayed on the monitor display 45 as OSD (on-screen display). The microcomputer unit 30 has a key input unit 44 for giving an operation signal for operating this apparatus.

  The decoder unit 60 separates and extracts each pack from a BD-R format signal having a pack structure, a memory used when performing pack separation and other signal processing, and main video data (video) separated by the separator. V decoder for decoding pack contents), SP decoder for decoding sub-video data (sub-picture pack contents) separated by a separator, and A for decoding audio data (audio pack contents) separated by a separator And a decoder. The decoder unit 60 further includes a video processor that appropriately synthesizes the decoded sub-video with the decoded main video and outputs a menu, a highlight button, subtitles, and other sub-videos superimposed on the main video.

  The output video signal of the decoder unit 60 is input to the video mixing unit 71. In the video mixing unit 71, text data is synthesized. The video mixing unit 71 is also connected to a line that directly takes in signals from the TV tuner unit 42 and the AV input unit 40. A frame memory 72 used as a buffer is connected to the video mixing unit 71. When the output of the video mixing unit 71 is an analog output, it is externally output via an I / F (interface) 73, and when it is a digital output, it is output to the monitor 45 via a digital / analog converter 74. In the case of digital output, this digital / analog converter 74 may be omitted.

  The output audio signal of the decoder unit 60 is converted into an analog signal by a digital / analog converter 77 through a selector 76 and output to the outside through a speaker. The selector 76 is controlled by a select signal from the microcomputer unit 30. Thus, the selector 76 can directly select a signal that has passed through the encoder unit 50 when directly monitoring a digital signal from the TV tuner unit 42 or the AV input unit 40.

  The MPU of the microcomputer unit 30 creates management information necessary for reproducing the recorded data. When the MPU recognizes a data recording end command, it sends the created management information to the data processor unit 22. Thereby, the management information is recorded on the disc. Accordingly, when encoding is performed, the MPU of the microcomputer unit 30 receives data unit information (eg, segmentation information) from the encoder unit 50. The MPU of the microcomputer unit 30 recognizes the management information (file system) read from the optical disk and the hard disk at the start of recording, recognizes the unrecorded area of each disk, and sets the recording area on the data to the data processor unit 22. Is set to disk via.

  FIG. 2 shows a data structure after initialization (also referred to as a format) of a recordable optical disc. As shown in FIG. 2A, an inner spare area (ISA) 12 is arranged on the inner circumference side of the user data area 10, and an outer spare area (OSA) 14 is arranged on the outer circumference side. A lead-in area 16 is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the ISA 12, and a lead-out area 18 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the OSA 14. Recording on the optical disk is performed from the inner periphery toward the outer periphery. The logical sector number LNS (= logical sector address) at the innermost peripheral edge of the user data area 10 is zero. A volume space is set in the user data area 10.

  The replacement areas 12 and 14 are areas for saving data for defect management. If the disk drive unit 23 cannot record a sector for some reason during data recording, the disk drive unit 23 converts the data that should have been recorded in the unrecordable sector (address D) to an unused sector (address S ). Next, an address pair (D → S) of a replacement source (defective sector) and a replacement destination (replacement sector) is registered in a list for managing replacement information called a defect list. The defect list is recorded in the lead-in area or lead-out area. Since the software (file system driver) that issued the data write command to the disk drive unit 23 does not know that an error has occurred during data recording and is recorded in another alternate area, the write command is issued to the file system. Address D is registered.

  When reading data, an instruction to read data from an address written in the file system is issued to the disk drive unit 23. The disk drive unit 23 checks whether the designated address is registered in the defect list. If not registered, the data is read from the designated address, and if registered, the data is read from the address where the data is actually written based on the replacement information. In the above example, when the disk drive unit 23 receives a data read command from the address D, the address D is registered in the replacement information (D → S) by looking at the defect list. Data is read from the alternate address S that is present.

  As shown in FIG. 2B, several tracks are set in the volume space. The track is composed of a series of sectors, and includes an open track (also referred to as a reserve track) and a closed track (also referred to as a used track). An open track is a track having a valid next writable address (NWA), and a closed track is a track having no valid NWA. NWA is a recording start address for additional writing. In other words, additional writing is impossible for a closed track.

  Volume management structure information (main) is recorded in the track 1 (Tr1). Metadata is recorded on the track 2 (Tr2). File data (other than the stream) is recorded on the track 3 (Tr3). Stream data is recorded on the track 4 (Tr4). Volume management structure information (reserve) is recorded in the track 5 (Tr5).

  A pointer to volume management structure information (main), and an anchor volume description pointer (AVDP) read first by a file system driver handling UDF is recorded at two positions of LNS = 256, N-256, and N. Yes. N is the position (last LNS) of the last accessible sector of the volume space. By first reading this AVDP, it becomes possible to access the volume management structure information (main).

  The volume management structure information describes information on the entire file system, logical volume (LVD), partition (PD), pointer to the root directory, and the like. A logical volume can be composed of a plurality of partitions, but a BD-R disk is composed of one partition. The same information is described in the main and reserve volume management structure information.

  A logical volume (LVD) describes file and directory information. The address where the file set descriptor (FSD) is recorded in the logical volume (LVD) is written, and the address of the file entry (FE) written about the root directory is identified by reading the contents of this FSD. The

  In the UDF standard, a file tree structure is realized by two pieces of information: a file entry (FE) and a file identifier descriptor (FID). The file entry (FE) includes a file type (directory, normal file, stream file, etc.), data size, attribute information such as creation / modification date / time and access authority, and area where data is actually recorded (extents). ) Start address, size, etc. are recorded. A single file may be composed of a plurality of extents.

  In the extent indicated by the file entry (FE) of the directory including the root directory, the information FID relating to the child directory and files constituting the directory is recorded.

  Each file and directory constituting the directory is individually recorded in the FID. In the FID, a directory / file name, address information where a file entry of the file is written, and the like are recorded.

  A file entry and a file identifier descriptor (FID) are recorded as metadata on one track (here, track 2).

  A video / audio stream and a database for managing the stream are recorded as files on the disc. The size of the stream file is in gigabyte units due to high image quality and long-time recording, but the database file is several kilobytes to several megabytes. In addition, the stream file is read only when the video / audio is actually played back, but the database file is frequently read / written when the menu screen is displayed. This database file is recorded on track 3 (Tr3), and the stream file is recorded on track 4 (Tr4).

  Volume management structure information (reserve) is recorded in the track 5 (Tr5). Since the volume management structure information is determined at the time of initialization and is not changed even if it is added, tracks 1 and 5 are closed tracks, and tracks 2, 3, and 4 are open tracks.

  FIG. 3 shows how data is recorded on a track when a title is recorded on a disc initialized as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3A, metadata is written in the track Tr2, a database file is written in the track Tr3, and a stream file is written in the track Tr4. The write start position of these data is managed as the next recordable address NWA.

  FIG. 3B shows a case where data writing has failed during title recording as shown in FIG. If data writing fails in at least one of the tracks Tr2, Tr3, Tr4, the data cannot be traced with reference to the volume management structure information, metadata, and database file in that order, and neither recording nor reproduction is possible. FIG. 3B shows an example in which a write error occurs in the database file (track 3) and the stream file (track 4) cannot be referred to from the database file (track 3). However, it is preferable that an unrecorded area of a considerable size remains on this disc and that the disc can be used continuously.

  In the present embodiment, when a write error occurs, the data recorded so far cannot be accessed and discarded, but the unrecorded area is initialized and recording / reproduction is continued for the unrecorded area. The rewritable disc such as a BD-RE disc (registered trademark) can be reinitialized, and the recordable disc such as a BD-R disc cannot reinitialize the entire disc. As described above, re-initialization is possible only for an unrecorded area, not the entire disk. Since the initialization of the BD-RE disc is performed in the entire volume space, the recordable capacity returns to the initial state every time the initialization is repeated, but in this embodiment, only the unrecorded area is reinitialized. The recordable capacity after conversion is only the total size of the unrecorded area excluding the recorded capacity.

  In this embodiment, initialization and re-initialization are executed by selecting from a menu. When a disc is inserted into the disc drive unit 23 and the start menu button on the remote controller is pressed, the start menu is displayed on the screen. When “BD / DVD management” is selected and determined, a “BD / DVD management” menu is displayed. When “BD / DVD initialization” is selected and determined from this menu, the “BD / DVD initialization” menu is displayed. This menu contains a query for recording format selection. Blu-ray Disc (registered trademark) can only select BDAV format. For the DVD, any of the VR format, the BDAV format, and the Video format can be selected. BDAV format DVDs can only be played on AVCREC compatible devices. In response to an inquiry “Do you want to start initialization?” In the “BD / DVD initialization” menu, select “Start” and decide. After confirming the query “All data will be deleted. Are you sure you want to initialize?”, Select “Start” again and decide. As a result, a data structure having a format as shown in FIG. 2B is generated.

  If you insert an initialized disc and select “BD / DVD Initialize” and decide, the “Initialized” message will appear in the “BD / DVD Initialize” menu. After confirming the inquiry “Do you really want to reinitialize?”, Select “Start” and decide to execute the reinitialization. XX minutes is the recordable time according to the total size of the unrecorded area at that time.

  FIGS. 4A and 4B show two examples of data formats when reinitialization is performed from the state of FIG. 3B. In re-initialization, the size of the unrecorded area is calculated for each open track 2, 3, 4 and whether the size necessary for recording information to be recorded in each track can be secured in the unrecorded area of the track. It is determined whether or not. If it can be secured, as shown in FIG. 4A, the track is cut by NWA of each track, a new track is generated in the track, and information is recorded on the new track. On the other hand, when the size necessary for recording information to be recorded on each track cannot be secured in the unrecorded area of the track, as shown in FIG. A recording area is secured in another track (track that was the recording area of the stream file in the example of FIG. 4). Although the volume management structure information needs to be rewritten along with the re-initialization, since the recording track of the volume management structure information is closed, recording is always performed (pseudo-overwriting) on another track.

  The pseudo-overwrite is similar to the replacement process at the time of occurrence of a defect, but unlike the replacement process, the data replacement destination is not the replacement area but the user data area. By setting the replacement destination as the user data area, the overwrite function can be used without worrying about the size of the replacement area and the free space. In other words, the pseudo-overwrite is realized by treating the already recorded volume management structure information track as a defective track and writing the volume management structure information in another unrecorded user data area (alternate processing).

  Re-initialization (track generation) will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In block 102, track information is obtained for each track from the innermost track. When the disk is inserted into the disk drive unit 23, the track information is held by the disk drive unit 23, so the track information is inquired of the disk drive unit 23 and received. The track information includes the open / closed distinction of the track and the like, and if open, includes NWA.

  Block 104 determines whether the track is the last track. In the case of the last track, no further reinitialization is possible, so the reinitialization ends. If it is not the last track, block 106 determines whether the track is open. In the case of a closed track, since re-initialization is impossible, the process shifts to the next track in block 108 and returns to block 102 to acquire the track information of the next track.

  In the case of an open track, it is determined in block 110 whether the NWA is the head of the track. If NWA is the head of the track, block 112 is skipped and block 114 is executed. If NWA is not the head of the track, block 112 cuts the track at the NWA position (divides the existing track) and generates a new track. Existing tracks up to the NWA position are closed.

  In block 114, the track (the track for which track information was acquired in block 102 or the new track generated in block 112) has an unrecorded area of a size necessary for recording metadata, database fill, or stream. It is determined whether or not. If there is no unrecorded area of the required size, the track is closed at block 116, the next track is shifted to block 108, the flow returns to block 102, and the track information of the next track is acquired. If there is no unrecorded area of the required size in the track, as shown in FIG. 4B, a recording area is secured in the track subsequent to the track and formatted.

  If there is an unrecorded area of the required size on the track, block 118 determines whether the size of the unrecorded area of the track is greater than or equal to the required size. If it is not larger than the required size, the track is used in block 120 to record metadata, database fill, or stream. If it is determined in block 118 that the size of the unrecorded area of the track is larger than the required size, the required size is secured in block 122, the track is cut, a new track of the required size is generated, and the new track is generated in block 124. Use to record metadata, database fills, or streams. If there is an unrecorded area of the required size on the track, it is formatted as shown in FIG.

  In block 126 after blocks 120 and 124, it is determined whether or not the track is a recording area of a stream file. If NO, that is, if it is a metadata recording area or a database file recording area, the process moves to the next track in block 108 and returns to block 102 to obtain track information of the next track. If the track is a recording area for the stream file, block 128 records (pseudo-overwrite) the volume management data (main and reserve) in the stream file recording area. This completes reinitialization.

  The format of FIG. 4A is a case where it is determined in block 114 of the flowchart of FIG. 5 that there is an unrecorded area of the required size in the track. 4A is divided into the new closed track 2 and the new open track 3 by the processing of FIG. 5, and the open track 3 of FIG. 3 is the new closed track 4 and the new open track. In FIG. 3, the open track 4 and the closed track 5 of FIG. 3 are changed to a new open track 6 and a new closed track 7.

  The format of FIG. 4B is a case where it is determined that there is no unrecorded area of the required size once in the track in the block 114 of the flowchart of FIG. In the format of FIG. 4B, the entire open track 2 and open track 3 of FIG. 3 are closed by the processing of FIG. 5, and the open track 4 of FIG. 3 becomes the new closed track 4 and the new open tracks 5 and 6. It has been divided.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, when some information cannot refer to other information due to a write error and the stream file cannot be accessed, the recorded track is closed and unrecorded. By initializing (re-initializing) the area, the disk can be returned to the usable state and can continue to be used. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the disk from becoming unusable even if an empty area remains in the data recording area. Information to be recorded at the time of re-initialization is recorded on the track where the information was recorded before re-initialization if there is free space, and if there is no free space, there is free space on the subsequent tracks. Record on track. The information recorded before reinitialization is ignored, and the volume management structure information needs to be rewritten to maintain the consistency between the newly recorded information and the new track. The management structure information is pseudo-overwritten on the recording track of the data file.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. Further, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, you may combine suitably the component covering different embodiment. The re-initialization is started by the user selecting in the start menu, but the initialization menu may be automatically displayed when a write error occurs. Further, the optical disc may have a single recording layer or multiple recording layers.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... User data area | region, 12, 14 ... Replacement area | region, 16 ... Lead-in area | region, 18 ... Lead-out area | region, 22 ... Data processor part, 23 ... Disk drive part, 50 ... Encoder part, 60 ... Echoder part.

Claims (11)

Initialization means for setting a first area for recording a stream file and a second area for recording management information in a storage medium;
Recording means for recording the management information in the second area and recording the stream file in the first area;
Re-initialization means for setting a third area for recording a new stream file and a fourth area for recording new management information in the first area or the second area;
Comprising
The recording apparatus in which the management information recorded in the first area and the stream file recorded in the second area are unreadable after re-initialization. The re-initialization unit sets the fourth area in the second area when there is an empty area in the second area, and when there is no empty area in the second area and there is an empty area in the first area. The recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fourth area is set in the first area. The recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the management information includes volume structure information, metadata, and a database file of a stream file. The recording apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the re-initialization unit sets an area for recording new volume structure information in the first area. The recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein further information cannot be recorded in the first area or the second area other than the third area or the fourth area. Initialization for setting a first area for recording a stream file and a second area for recording management information in a storage medium;
Recording the management information in the second area and recording the stream file in the first area;
Re-initialization in which a third area for recording a new stream file and a fourth area for recording new management information are set in the first area or the second area;
Comprising
The recording method in which the management information recorded in the first area and the stream file recorded in the second area are unreadable after re-initialization. The re-initialization sets the fourth area in the second area when there is an empty area in the second area, and the empty area in the first area when there is no empty area in the second area. The recording method according to claim 6, wherein the fourth area is set in the first area. The recording method according to claim 6, wherein the management information includes volume structure information, metadata, and a database file of a stream file. 9. The recording method according to claim 8, wherein the re-initialization sets an area for recording new volume structure information in the first area. The recording method according to claim 6, wherein further information cannot be recorded in the first area or the second area other than the third area or the fourth area. Initialization sets a first area for recording a stream file and a second area for recording management information.
By re-initialization, a third area for recording a new stream file in the first area or the second area and a fourth area for recording new management information are set.
After re-initialization, the management information recorded in the first area and the stream file recorded in the second area are unreadable.

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