JP2015038319A - One-cycle engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the operation efficiency of an engine by introducing a compressed gas into a cylinder chamber in good timing and exhausting the residual gas in the cylinder chamber.SOLUTION: A one-cycle engine 10 makes, as one cycle, one reciprocal movement of a piston comprising a compressed air introduction stroke in which compressed air is introduced into a cylinder chamber 14 and an exhaust stroke in which residual air in the cylinder chamber 14 is exhausted. The engine 10 has an introduction passage 22 connected to the cylinder chamber 14 and introducing the compressed air into the cylinder chamber 14, an exhaust passage 24 connected to the cylinder chamber 14 and exhausting the residual air in the cylinder chamber 14, and an opening/closing mechanism opening and closing the introduction passage 22 and exhaust passage 24 respectively based upon the two strokes.

Description

  The present invention relates to an improvement in an engine that operates a piston mechanism with compressed gas.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an engine having a piston mechanism that converts the energy of compressed gas, for example, compressed air introduced into a cylinder chamber formed in a cylinder, into kinetic energy and outputs the same is known.

  Patent Document 1 below discloses a pneumatic engine that lowers a piston with compressed air introduced into a cylinder to rotate a crankshaft. In this atmospheric pressure engine, an air supply port for supplying compressed air into the cylinder and an exhaust port for exhausting compressed air from the cylinder are connected to the cylinder, and an opening / closing device is provided at each of these ports.

JP 2001-132403 A

  In the engine described in Patent Document 1, the crankshaft can be rotated by operating the piston for one stroke with compressed air introduced into the cylinder. However, since the timing for discharging the compressed air in the cylinder as residual air is not set, there is a possibility that the operating efficiency of the engine will be reduced. Further, in the above-described engine, since opening / closing devices are provided at both the air supply port and the exhaust port, the number of parts increases and the structure becomes complicated. In this case, there are problems that the number of occurrences of failures increases, the size and weight of the apparatus increase, and the manufacturing cost increases.

  One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a one-cycle engine that can improve the operating efficiency by introducing compressed gas into the cylinder chamber in a timely manner and exhausting the compressed gas as a residual gas. .

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a one-cycle engine capable of simplifying the structure by eliminating an opening / closing device corresponding to exhaust.

  The present invention relates to a reciprocating motion of a piston comprising a compressed gas introduction stroke for introducing a compressed gas into a cylinder chamber formed in the cylinder and an exhaust stroke for exhausting the compressed gas introduced into the cylinder chamber as a residual gas. In the one-cycle engine having one cycle, the two strokes are connected to the cylinder chamber and introduces a compressed gas into the cylinder chamber, the exhaust passage is connected to the cylinder chamber and exhausts the residual gas in the cylinder chamber, and the two strokes. And an opening / closing mechanism that opens and closes the introduction path and the exhaust path, respectively.

  Another invention is a piston comprising a compressed gas introduction stroke for introducing a compressed gas into a cylinder chamber formed in the cylinder, and an exhaust stroke for exhausting the compressed gas introduced into the cylinder chamber as a residual gas. In a one-cycle engine in which one reciprocating motion is one cycle, an introduction path that is connected to a cylinder chamber and introduces compressed gas into the cylinder chamber, an exhaust path that is connected to the cylinder chamber and exhausts residual gas in the cylinder chamber, An introduction valve that opens and closes the introduction path based on two strokes, and the exhaust path is electrically connected to the cylinder chamber by movement of the piston when the introduction of the compressed gas to the cylinder chamber is completed and the introduction valve is closed. It connects to the side wall of a cylinder chamber so that it may do.

  According to the one-cycle engine of the present invention, the operation efficiency can be improved by introducing the compressed gas into the cylinder chamber with good timing and exhausting the residual gas in the cylinder chamber.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a one-cycle engine capable of simplifying the structure by eliminating an opening / closing device corresponding to exhaust.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the 1 cycle engine which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the state of the engine for every stroke of a piston. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the rotation angle of a crankshaft, and the operation timing of an opening / closing mechanism. It is a figure which shows the structure of the 1 cycle engine which concerns on another embodiment. It is a figure which shows the state of the engine for every stroke of a piston. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the rotation angle of a crankshaft, and the operation timing of an introduction valve.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a one-cycle engine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This engine can be applied to a prime mover mounted on a moving body such as a vehicle or a prime mover used for other purposes. In the one-cycle engine of the present embodiment, compressed air is used as the compressed gas. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and water vapor or other gas can be used as the compressed gas as long as it is a gas at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a one-cycle engine 10 according to the present embodiment. The one-cycle engine 10 has two strokes consisting of a compressed air introduction stroke for introducing compressed air into a cylinder chamber 14 formed in the cylinder 12 and an exhaust stroke for exhausting residual air in the cylinder chamber 14, in other words, the piston 16. It is an engine which makes 1 reciprocating motion 1 cycle, and is an apparatus including a piston mechanism that converts compressed air energy into kinetic energy and outputs it. The residual air is compressed air in the cylinder chamber 14 whose pressure has decreased due to expansion of the cylinder chamber 14.

  A one-cycle engine (hereinafter simply referred to as “engine”) 10 is connected to a cylinder 12, a piston 16 accommodated in the cylinder 12 and reciprocating, and connected to the piston 16 via a connecting rod 18. And a crankshaft 20 for converting into rotational motion. The crankshaft 20 is provided with a rotation angle sensor (not shown) for detecting the rotation angle. A cylinder chamber 14 surrounded by this and the top surface of the piston 16 is formed inside the cylinder 12.

  The engine 10 also has an introduction path 22 that leads to the cylinder chamber 14 and introduces compressed air into the cylinder chamber 14, and an exhaust path 24 that also leads to the cylinder chamber 14 and exhausts residual air in the cylinder chamber 14. . The compressed air is generated by a compressor (not shown) or the like, and is supplied from the compressor to the cylinder chamber 14 via the introduction path 22.

  The engine 10 has an opening / closing mechanism that opens and closes the introduction path 22 and the exhaust path 24. The opening / closing mechanism opens and closes the introduction path 22 and the exhaust path 24 based on the above-described compressed air introduction stroke and exhaust stroke, respectively. Thus, the operating efficiency of the engine 10 can be improved by operating the opening / closing mechanism according to each stroke to introduce the compressed air into the cylinder chamber 14 with good timing and exhaust the residual air in the cylinder chamber 14. it can.

  The opening / closing mechanism includes an introduction valve 26 that opens and closes the introduction path 22, an exhaust valve 28 that opens and closes the exhaust path 24, and a valve system 30 that controls the operation of these valves 26 and 28. The valve system 30 includes a cam 32 and a spring 34 that operate the introduction valve 26, and a cam 36 and a spring 38 that operate the exhaust valve 28. The cams 32 and 36 are provided so as to rotate in synchronization with the camshafts 40 and 42, respectively. The camshafts 40 and 42 are connected to the crankshaft 20 via a power transmission mechanism (not shown) such as a timing belt or a gear. Connected. This power transmission mechanism is configured so that the camshafts 40 and 42 make one rotation while the crankshaft 20 makes one rotation since the cycle of the engine 10 is two strokes and one cycle. And the opening / closing operation of the exhaust valves 26 and 28 is performed once.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the valve system 30 is a system having two camshafts 40 and 42, that is, a DOHC type has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the valve system 30 includes one valve system 30. An SOHC type in which the introduction and exhaust valves 26 and 28 are operated via the camshaft may be used.

  The operation of the engine 10 configured as described above and the operation of the opening / closing mechanism at that time will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 is a diagram showing the state of the engine 10 for each stroke of the piston 16, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 and the operation timing of the opening / closing mechanism. In these drawings, as an example, the case where the cycle is the clockwise direction in the drawings will be described.

  Since the engine 10 of the present embodiment is a two-stroke / one-cycle engine as described above, FIG. 2 shows the state of the engine 10 during a compressed air introduction stroke (left side) and an exhaust stroke (right side). In FIG. 3, when the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is 0 degree, the piston 16 is a top dead center, and when the rotation angle is 180 degrees, the piston 16 is a bottom dead center. Since the cycle is clockwise as described above, in FIG. 3, when the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is 0 to 180 degrees, it is a compressed air introduction stroke, and the rotation angle is 180 to 360 degrees. Is the exhaust stroke.

  First, the state of the engine 10 during the compressed air introduction stroke will be described. During this stroke, the introduction valve 26 is opened for a predetermined period, and the exhaust valve 28 is closed. Compressed air is introduced into the cylinder chamber 14 as the introduction valve 26 is opened. Due to the pressure of the compressed air introduced into the cylinder chamber 14, the piston 16 is pressed in the direction of the arrow 44 and descends. Due to the linear movement of the piston 16, the crankshaft 20 rotates in the clockwise direction.

  In the open state of the introduction valve 26 in this compressed air introduction stroke, it is preferable that the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is only between 30 and 105 degrees as shown in FIG. By opening the introduction valve 26 at such a timing, it is possible to reduce the amount of compressed air introduced while suppressing a decrease in the output of the engine 10, and as a result, improve the operation efficiency. Can do.

  Next, the state of the engine 10 during the exhaust stroke will be described. During this stroke, the introduction valve 26 is closed, and the exhaust valve 28 is opened for a predetermined period. Residual air is exhausted to the outside as the exhaust valve 28 opens. Further, when the exhaust valve 28 is in the open state, the residual air is exhausted to the outside as it is pushed out by the movement of the piston 16 rising in the direction of the arrow 46 as the crankshaft 20 rotates (inertia).

  As shown in FIG. 3, the open state of the exhaust valve 28 in this exhaust stroke is preferably such that the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is between 185 and 355 degrees. By opening the exhaust valve 28 at such timing, the resistance to the movement of the piston 16 can be reduced, and as a result, the operation efficiency can be improved.

  According to the present embodiment, the operating efficiency of the engine 10 can be improved by operating the opening / closing mechanism at an appropriate timing based on the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 in each stroke.

  In the present embodiment, the open state of the introduction valve 26 has been described for the case where the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is between 30 and 105 degrees, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. In the compressed air introduction stroke, the piston 16 is driven by the pressure of the compressed air, so that the period of the open state of the introduction valve 26 can be lengthened and more compressed air can be introduced into the cylinder chamber 14.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the exhaust valve 28 is in the open state when the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is between 185 and 355 degrees. However, this rotation angle range is an example, and the present invention This rotation angle range is not limited to 185 to 355 degrees. For example, during the compressed air introduction stroke, the exhaust valve 28 can be opened after the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 exceeds 105 degrees, that is, after the introduction valve 26 is closed.

  Next, a one-cycle engine (hereinafter also simply referred to as “engine”) 50 according to another embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an engine 50 according to another aspect. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same component as the said embodiment, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The engine 50 of this embodiment is not provided with an opening / closing mechanism that opens and closes the exhaust passage 24, that is, the exhaust valve 28 and the structure corresponding to the mechanism that operates the engine 50 as in the engine 10 of the above embodiment. Thus, the structure of the engine 50 can be simplified by eliminating the opening / closing device corresponding to the exhaust passage 24. As a result, it is possible to reduce the number of occurrences of failures, reduce the size and weight of the device, and further reduce the manufacturing cost. Hereinafter, the configuration of the exhaust passage 24 will be described.

  The exhaust passage 24 is connected to the side wall 14 a of the cylinder chamber 14 in a region that contacts the side surface 16 a of the piston 16. The region that contacts the side surface 16a of the piston 16 is a region that connects the portions of the side wall 14a that contacts the side surface 16a at the top dead center and the bottom dead center, and is a region corresponding to the movable range of the piston 16. is there.

  Specifically, the exhaust passage 24 is connected to the side wall 14a so as to be electrically connected to the cylinder chamber 14 by the movement of the piston 16 when the introduction of the compressed air into the cylinder chamber 14 is completed and the introduction valve 26 is closed. . With this configuration, as described above, since the opening / closing device corresponding to the exhaust passage 24 is eliminated, the structure of the engine 50 can be simplified.

  The operation of the engine 50 configured as described above and the operation of the introduction valve 26 at that time will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the state of the engine 50 for each stroke of the piston 16, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 and the operation timing of the introduction valve 26. In these figures, a case where the cycle is in the clockwise direction in the figures will be described as an example.

  Since the engine 50 of this embodiment is a two-stroke / one-cycle engine as in the above-described embodiment, the state of the engine 50 during the compressed air introduction stroke (left side) and the exhaust stroke (right side) is shown in FIG. Respectively. In FIG. 6, when the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is 0 degrees, the piston 16 is at the top dead center, and when the rotation angle is 180 degrees, the piston 16 is at the bottom dead center. Since the cycle is clockwise as described above, in FIG. 6, when the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is 0 to 180 degrees, it is a compressed air introduction stroke, and the rotation angle is 180 to 360 degrees. Is the exhaust stroke.

  First, the state of the engine 50 during the compressed air introduction stroke will be described. During this stroke, the introduction valve 26 is opened for a predetermined period, and compressed air is introduced into the cylinder chamber 14 as the introduction valve 26 is opened. During the valve opening period of the introduction valve 26, the exhaust passage 24 is closed by the side surface 16a of the cylinder 16, as shown in FIG. Due to the pressure of the compressed air introduced into the cylinder chamber 14, the piston 16 is pressed in the direction of the arrow 44 and descends. Due to the linear movement of the piston 16, the crankshaft 20 rotates in the clockwise direction.

  In the open state of the introduction valve 26 in this compressed air introduction stroke, the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is preferably between 30 and 105 degrees as shown in FIG. By opening the introduction valve 26 at such a timing, it is possible to reduce the amount of compressed air introduced while suppressing a decrease in the output of the engine 50, and as a result, improve the operation efficiency. Can do.

  In the latter half of the compressed air introduction stroke, residual air is exhausted. That is, after the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 reaches 105 degrees and the introduction valve 26 is closed, the exhaust passage 24 that is blocked by the side surface 16 a by the lowering of the piston 16 is conducted to the cylinder chamber 14. By this conduction, residual air in the cylinder chamber 14 is exhausted to the outside.

  Next, the state of the engine 50 during the exhaust stroke will be described. During this stroke, the introduction valve 26 is closed. With the rotation (inertia) of the crankshaft 20, the piston 16 rises in the direction of the arrow 46. The exhaust passage 24 and the cylinder chamber 14 are electrically connected until the exhaust passage 24 is blocked by the side surface 16a due to the movement of the piston 16, so that the residual air in the cylinder chamber 14 is exhausted to the outside.

  That is, the state in which the exhaust passage 24 is conducted to the cylinder chamber 14 and the residual air can be exhausted is, as shown in FIG. 6, the rotation angle of the crankshaft 20 is between 105 and 255 degrees. Note that this range of rotation angles is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this range of angles, 105 to 255 degrees. If the exhaust path 24 and the cylinder chamber 14 are electrically connected after the introduction valve 26 is closed, for example, the connection position of the exhaust path 24 and the side wall 14a can be further lowered (bottom dead center side). In this case, the exhaustable state becomes shorter, but the valve opening time of the introduction valve 26 can be lengthened. On the other hand, the connection position of the exhaust path 24 and the side wall 14a can be further upward (top dead center side). In this case, the exhaustable state can be lengthened, but the opening time of the introduction valve 26 is shortened.

  According to this embodiment, the structure of the engine 50 can be simplified by eliminating an opening / closing device corresponding to exhaust. As a result, as described above, it is possible to reduce the number of failures, reduce the size and weight of the device, and reduce the manufacturing cost.

  10, 50 1-cycle engine, 12 cylinders, 14 cylinder chambers, 16 pistons, 20 crankshafts, 22 introduction paths, 24 exhaust paths, 26 introduction valves, 28 exhaust valves.

The present invention provides a single reciprocating motion of a piston comprising a compressed air introduction stroke for introducing compressed air into a cylinder chamber formed in the cylinder and an exhaust stroke for exhausting the compressed air introduced into the cylinder chamber as residual air. In the one-cycle engine having one cycle, the two passages are connected to the cylinder chamber and introduces compressed air into the cylinder chamber, the exhaust passage is connected to the cylinder chamber and exhausts residual air in the cylinder chamber, and the two strokes. anda inlet valve to open and close the introduction passage based on the exhaust path, conductive cylinder chamber from the middle when the introduction of compressed air to the cylinder chamber is completed to inlet valve is closed the compressed air introduction stroke Is connected to the side wall of the cylinder chamber so as to start .

Claims (2)

One reciprocating motion of the piston, consisting of a compressed gas introduction stroke for introducing compressed gas into a cylinder chamber formed in the cylinder and an exhaust stroke for exhausting the compressed gas introduced into the cylinder chamber as a residual gas, is defined as one cycle. In a one-cycle engine that
An introduction path connected to the cylinder chamber for introducing compressed gas into the cylinder chamber;
An exhaust passage connected to the cylinder chamber for exhausting residual gas in the cylinder chamber;
An opening and closing mechanism for opening and closing the introduction path and the exhaust path based on the two strokes, respectively.
1 cycle engine characterized by having. One reciprocating motion of the piston, consisting of a compressed gas introduction stroke for introducing compressed gas into a cylinder chamber formed in the cylinder, and an exhaust stroke for exhausting the compressed gas introduced into the cylinder chamber as a residual gas, is defined as one cycle. In a one-cycle engine that
An introduction path connected to the cylinder chamber for introducing compressed gas into the cylinder chamber;
An exhaust passage connected to the cylinder chamber for exhausting residual gas in the cylinder chamber;
An introduction valve for opening and closing the introduction path based on the two strokes;
Have
The exhaust path is connected to the side wall of the cylinder chamber so as to be electrically connected to the cylinder chamber by the movement of the piston when the introduction of the compressed gas into the cylinder chamber is completed and the introduction valve is closed.
A one-cycle engine characterized by that.

Images