JP2015023813A - Tea manufacture twisting machine and method for pressurizing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a device for pressurizing a tea manufacture twisting machine with an air cylinder.SOLUTION: Provided is a means in which a pressure pole whose fulcrum is provided at the outside of a drum is transferred to the upper part of the drum, a pressure cover is suspended from the tip of the pressure pole to the center of the drum, an air cylinder is tied to the pressure pole, and the pressure of compressed air fed to the air cylinder is controlled with an electropneumatic composite type pressure valve.

Description

  The present invention relates to a traditional tea making machine used in a tea factory for green tea, semi-fermented tea and black tea.

  The traditional tea-making machine used in the above tea factories makes a circular movement of a cylindrical drum with its top and bottom open on a flat plate with an uneven surface. The tea leaves are put in, the tea leaves are sandwiched between a pressure lid provided above the drum and a grid below the drum, and the tea leaves are twisted by the circular motion of the drum.

  There are two types of pressure lids, one that applies weight with a weight and the other that presses the pressure lid against the lower grid with a screw. In the case of pressurizing with a screw, the pressure lid is moved up and down according to the amount of tea leaves, the position of the pressure lid is determined, and the pressure is adjusted. Narrowing the gap between the pressure lid and the grid increases the force applied to the sandwiched tea leaves.

  In recent years, the screw is rotated by a motor, but the pressure applied to the tea leaves is determined by the operator by measuring the amount of tea leaves in the drum and the position of the pressure lid. Even if the position of the pressure lid is the same, the pressure applied to the tea leaves differs depending on the amount of tea leaves, so it is not known how much force is applied.

  In the case of applying pressure with a weight, a weight rod having a fulcrum outside the drum is passed above the drum, a pressure lid is suspended from the weight rod to the center of the drum, and the applied pressure is adjusted depending on the position of the weight moving on the weight rod. In recent years, motors are used to move weights due to the upsizing of devices. When the weight is close to the fulcrum, the pressure is small, and when the weight is far from the fulcrum, the pressure is large.

  Moreover, although what pressurized using an air cylinder like patent document 1 and patent document 2 was invented, there is nothing in practical use.

JP 7-308154 A JP 2001-231449 A

  The ones that are currently on the market that use a screw to move the pressure lid up and down, or those that change the applied pressure by moving the weight, take time to rotate the screw and move the weight, and apply several times during the twisting operation. It is difficult to change the pressure.

  Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a gate-shaped frame is formed above a drum, an air cylinder having a pressure lid attached to the tip is attached to the gate-shaped frame, and the tea leaves are pressurized. For this reason, a long air cylinder protrudes upward, resulting in an unstable machine. Further, the pressure applied to the pressure lid and the pressurization time are set by combining the pressure of the air supplied to the air cylinder with a pressure adjusting valve and a timer. It is necessary to change the applied pressure many times during the twisting operation. For this purpose, it is necessary to prepare a number of pressure regulating valves with different set pressures, timers for setting the pressurization time, and switching valves for switching the path of the pressurized air, and the air paths must be switched by the timer.

  Patent Document 2 has a structure in which a fulcrum is provided on the side of the drum, a weight is placed on the weight rod passed over the drum, and the opposite end through the weight rod is pushed up by an air cylinder and pressurized. ing. For this reason, pressurization with a weight is assisted by pressurization with an air cylinder, but the structure is complicated and expensive, and is not suitable for practical use. Also, there is no description of how to set the applied pressure.

  This invention makes it a subject to provide the pressurization method by the air cylinder of a tea making machine, and the structure of a tea making machine.

In order to solve the above problem, in claims 1 and 6,
In a tea making machine that applies pressure to the pressure lid with an air cylinder and performs the twisting operation, the supplied air passes through an electropneumatic combined pressure control valve that adjusts the pressure in proportion to the voltage signal or current signal. Then, a means for connecting to the air cylinder, programming the twisting operation with the sequence controller, and sending a voltage signal or current signal to the electro-pneumatic combined pressure regulating valve according to the program is used to control the pressure applied to the air cylinder.

Furthermore, in claim 2,
A pressure rod with a fulcrum provided outside the drum is passed above the drum, one end of which is extended to the center of the drum, and a pressure lid with a triangular pyramid cover attached to the center of the drum is suspended. A means is used in which an air cylinder is attached and the pressure lid is pushed down by pushing up the pressure ridge to apply a pressure to the tea leaves.

Furthermore, in claim 3,
A pressure rod with a fulcrum provided outside the drum is passed above the drum, one end of which extends to the center of the drum, a pressure lid with a triangular pyramid cover attached to the center of the drum, and air between the drum and the fulcrum. A means of attaching a cylinder and pulling the pressure cup is used to lower the pressure lid and apply a pressure to the tea leaves.

Furthermore, in claim 4, in claim 2 or 3,
When the pressure lid is raised, the stroke of the air cylinder is set to a position where the pressure lid stops a little below the edge of the drum upper end, and the pressure lid is raised above the drum upper end by manual operation.

Furthermore, in claim 5,
At the tip of the cylinder lot, attach a C-shaped bracket with a hole in the position of the pin 27 at a distance of L1 from the lot tip on the center line in the expansion / contraction direction of the lot, and make two holes at a distance of L2. The lever metal fitting is made, one hole of the lever metal fitting is aligned with the hole of the pin 27 of the C-shaped metal fitting and connected through the pin 1, and the other hole is combined with the hole provided at the end of the pressure rod, and the pin 28 The means of connecting the pressure rod and the lever fitting through is used.

Furthermore, in claim 7,
While the tea leaves are being charged, the cylinder pressure is set to zero and only the load w0 of the pressure lid is applied. When the charging is completed, the light pressure w1 is applied for several minutes, then the cylinder pressure is reduced to zero for about one minute, and then the first time Pressurize with double load w2 for several minutes, set to zero again for about 1 minute, pressurize again with first triple load w3 for several minutes, and return to zero for about 1 minute. While repeating this, increasing the applied pressure, repeating the maximum pressure wmax and the zero pressure w0, continuing the twisting operation at the maximum pressure, setting the pressure to zero 3 minutes before taking out, and then performing the loosening operation, Use a means of taking out.

  In the twisting operation, it is necessary to change the pressure applied to the tea leaves many times. When an air cylinder is used as the applied pressure, it is necessary to change the air pressure setting several times during the twisting. A pressure regulating valve for setting the air pressure can usually set only one value with one valve. Therefore, when changing the set value, as shown in FIG. 10, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of pressure adjusting valves having changed set values and switch the air flow direction to the pressure adjusting valve used in the switching valve. . The use of a large number of pressure regulating valves and a large number of switching valves has become an expensive and complicated device and has not been put into practical use. According to the first and sixth aspects of the present invention, the use of the electropneumatic composite pressure regulating valve makes it possible to use an air cylinder for careful operation. By using an air cylinder, the applied pressure can be changed instantaneously.

  In the conventional twisting machine, the pressure rod passed over the drum has a complicated structure with screws, guide rails, motors, etc. for the weight to move on the pressure rod. The length of the pressure rod is also longer than the drum diameter. According to the second and third aspects of the present invention, no additional processing or equipment for moving the weight is required, and it is sufficient that the length of the pressure rod is enough to reach the center of the drum, so that the pressure rod is simple and short.

  In the invention of claim 3, since the distance between the mounting position of the pressure lid and the fulcrum of the pressure rod is increased, the pressure lid moves up and down at a radius close to a straight line, and therefore, deviation from the center of the drum can be reduced.

  When tea leaves are introduced, the pressure lid is lifted by the tea leaves. If you go up to the top of the drum, the tea leaves overflow from the drum, or the pressure lid gets on the edge of the drum. If the length of the cylinder is set so that the pressure lid stops slightly below the upper end of the drum, this can be prevented and the length of the cylinder can be shortened. However, in order to clean the inside of the drum, it is necessary to raise the pressure lid above the drum. For this reason, in the invention of claim 4, by providing a manual operation mechanism separately from the upper and lower sides of the pressure lid by the cylinder, the pressure lid can be raised above the drum.

For the manual operation, the mechanism part shown in claim 5 is attached to the tip of the cylinder,
If the lever is operated, the pressure lid can be raised above the drum. You may attach this mechanism to the attachment part of the lower end of a cylinder.

  If the twisting operation continues to apply only one set pressure, the tea leaves will not mix and only a hard lump will be created. If the operation of claim 7 is performed, the tea leaves are well mixed and pressure is applied little by little, so that all the tea leaves can be twisted uniformly.

FIG. 7 is an overall relationship diagram illustrating a controller that controls the flow of compressed air supplied to the air cylinder according to claim 1 and 6 and an electropneumatic composite pressure regulating valve. Flow sheet showing the flow of compressed air during pressurization. A flow sheet showing the flow of compressed air when there is no pressure. A flow sheet showing the flow of compressed air when lifting. While showing the Example of Claim 2, explanatory drawing of Claim 4. FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the Example of Claim 3. The manual operation metal fitting which shows the Example of Claims 4 and 5. Operation | movement explanatory drawing of the manual operation metal fitting of FIG. The graph which shows the Example of Claim 7. A flow sheet showing a conventional air pressurization method.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the flow of compressed air supplied to an air cylinder that applies pressure to the pressure lid and the controller that controls the electropneumatic composite pressure regulating valve.
The air cylinder 5 is connected to the pressure rod 7. Compressed air generated by the compressor 6 is supplied to the air cylinder 5 through the electropneumatic combined pressure regulating valve 4. The electropneumatic composite pressure regulating valve 4 is connected to the sequence controller 2 through the AD converter 3.
The pressurizing force and pressurizing time during the twisting operation are programmed in the sequence controller 2 via the display 1. When the set pressure is output in accordance with the control program, the AD converter 3 converts it into a voltage signal or a current signal and sends it to the electropneumatic composite pressure regulating valve 4. The electropneumatic composite pressure regulating valve 4 reduces the compressed air to a predetermined pressure in accordance with the sent electric signal and comes to the air cylinder 5.

In the present invention, the operation of the air cylinder 5 is performed in three types: pressurization, no pressure, and lifting.
The flow of compressed air in the case of pressurization will be described with reference to FIG.
The air sent from the compressor 6 is sent to the electropneumatic composite pressure regulating valve 4 by the direction switching valve 7. Here, the set air pressure is adjusted and supplied to the connection port 10 of the air cylinder 5 through the direction switching valve 8. A pressure gauge 9 is attached here so that the applied pressure can be understood. The connection port 11 side is exhausted through the direction switching valve 7.

Next, the case of no pressure will be described with reference to FIG.
The setting of the electropneumatic composite pressure regulating valve 4 is set to no pressure, the direction switching valve 8 is switched, and the pressure sent from the electropneumatic composite pressure regulating valve 4 to the air cylinder 5 is released. The path on the side of the connection port 10 across the piston 13 is exhausted from the direction switching valve 8, and the path on the side of the connection port 11 is exhausted from the direction switching valve 7. In this way, the pressure applied to the air cylinder 5 is no pressure.

FIG. 4 explains the path of lifting that applies pressure from the side opposite to pressurization.
The air supplied from the compressor 6 is switched by the direction switching valve 7, sent to the connection port 11 of the cylinder 5, and works in the direction in which the lot 14 is drawn. The tip of the lot 14 is connected to the pressure rod 15 and the pressure lid 16 suspended from the pressure rod 15 is pulled up.

  FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of claim 2. Reference numeral 17 denotes a drum of a twisting machine, and a pressure lid 16 is suspended from one end of the pressure rod 15 in the center. The charged tea leaves 19 are twisted by the circular motion of the drum 17 while being sandwiched between the grid 18 and the pressure lid 16. The pressure rod 15 is supported at the fulcrum 20. An air cylinder 5 is attached to the opposite end across the fulcrum 20. When the lot 14 of the air cylinder 5 is extended, the pressure lid 16 is pushed down via the pressure bar 15 and pressure is applied to the tea leaves 19. When the lot 14 is retracted, the tip of the pressure rod 15 rises and the pressure lid 16 is pulled up.

  FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of claim 3. A pressure lid 16 is suspended from one end of the pressure rod 22 at the center of the drum 17. The pressure rod 22 is supported at the fulcrum 21. The air cylinder 5 is connected between the fulcrum 21 and the attachment point 23 of the pressure lid 16. In contrast to FIG. 5, when the cylinder lot 14 is retracted, pressure is applied to the pressure lid 16, and when it is extended, the pressure lid 16 is lifted.

  The lifting of the fourth aspect will be described with reference to FIG. A state where the lot 14 of the air cylinder 5 is extended and the pressure lid is lowered to the lowest is 16a. A state in which the lot 14 is drawn and the pressure lid is at the highest position is defined as 16b. At this time, the pressure lid 16 b is slightly lowered from the upper edge of the drum 17. The connecting portion between the air cylinder 5 and the pressure rod 15 is connected via a manual operation mechanism 24. If the pressure lid is pulled up to the position of 16b, the manual operation mechanism 24 is operated to raise the pressure lid to the position of 16c, and if the pressure lid is further swung up to the position of 16d, the upper surface of the drum 17 is empty. The inside can be cleaned. The manual operation mechanism 24 may be provided at the attachment portion of the air cylinder 5 and the drum arm, and at the attachment portion of the pressure rod 15 and the pressure lid 16.

  7 and 8 show an embodiment of the manual operation mechanism 24. FIG. A C-shaped bracket 25 is attached to the tip of the cylinder lot 14. A lever fitting 26 is attached to the C-shaped fitting 25 with a pin 27. The lever fitting 26 and the end of the pressure rod 15 are connected by a pin 28. The holes of the pin 27 and the pin 28 provided in the lever fitting 26 are provided with an interval L2. The hole of the pin 27 of the C-shaped metal fitting 25 has a distance L1 from the tip of the lot 14.

  FIG. 8 shows a case where the lifting operation is performed manually. When the lever metal fitting 26 is inverted 180 degrees to the position 26 ', the position of the pin 28 becomes the position 28', and the end of the pressure rod 15 is pulled down by a distance twice as long as L2. As a result, the pressure rod 16 attached to the end opposite to the fulcrum 20 can be pulled up onto the drum 17.

  FIG. 9 is a graph showing elapsed time on the horizontal axis and applied pressure on the vertical axis. An embodiment of claim 7 will be described with reference to FIG. Tea leaves are thrown into the drum 17 while making a circular motion. The tea leaves fall on the grid 18 along the slope of the conical cover of the pressure lid 16 from the gap between the drum 17 and the pressure lid 16 and are pinched between the pressure lid 16 and the grid 18 and undergo a twisting action. The pressure lid 16 is pushed up little by little according to the input amount. During the charging time t0 to t1 of tea leaves, air is extracted through the path shown in FIG. During this time, only the load w0 of the pressure lid 16 is applied to the tea leaves 19. This process is indicated by J1. When the charging is finished, air is sent to the air cylinder 5 through the route shown in FIG. 2, and the load of light w1 is lightly applied and twisted for several minutes. This process is indicated by J2. Next, the air is extracted through the route shown in FIG. The tea leaves a little hardened in the process J2 are loosened, broken apart and mixed together. This process is indicated by J3. Next, a load of w2 that is about twice that of w1 is applied, and a slightly strong twisting operation is applied. This process is indicated by J4. Next, as shown in J5, a pressureless operation is performed again to loosen the tea leaves that have become agglomerated in the J4 process so that an average pressure is applied to the entire tea leaves. Next, apply a load about 3 times larger than w1, and perform the operation of the J6 process, and perform the pressureless operation again at J7. A stronger load wmax is applied at J8. Repeat J9, J10 and pressurization and non-pressure, and perform a careful operation while mixing tea leaves. Finally, as shown in J11, the running-in operation is performed for about 3 minutes with no pressure, and the take-out process is completed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Indicator 2 Sequence controller 3 AD converter 4 Electropneumatic composite type pressure regulating valve 5 Air cylinder 6 Compressor 7 Direction switching valve 8 Direction switching valve 9 Pressure gauge 10 Connection port 11 Connection port 13 Piston 14 Lot 15 Pressure rod 16 Addition Pressure lid 17 Drum 18 Grid 19 Tea leaf 20 Support point 21 Support point 22 Pressurizing bowl 23 Mounting point 24 Manual operation mechanism 25 C-shaped bracket 26 Lever bracket 27 Pin 28 Pin 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 Pressure regulator 50, 51 , 52, 53, 54 Directional switching valve

Claims (7)

  In a tea making machine that applies pressure to the pressure lid with an air cylinder and performs the twisting operation, the supplied air passes through an electropneumatic combined pressure control valve that adjusts the pressure in proportion to the voltage signal or current signal. It is characterized by connecting to the air cylinder, programming the twisting operation with the sequence controller, and sending the voltage signal or current signal to the electro-pneumatic combined pressure regulating valve according to the program to control the pressure of the air cylinder Tea making machine.   A pressure rod with a fulcrum provided outside the drum is passed above the drum, one end of which is extended to the center of the drum, and a pressure lid with a triangular pyramid cover attached to the center of the drum is suspended. 2. The tea making machine according to claim 1, wherein an air cylinder is attached and the pressure lid is pushed down by pushing up the pressure cup to apply a pressure to the tea leaves.   A pressure rod with a fulcrum provided outside the drum is passed above the drum, one end of which extends to the center of the drum, a pressure lid with a triangular pyramid cover attached to the center of the drum, and air between the drum and the fulcrum. 2. The tea making machine according to claim 1, wherein a pressure is applied to the tea leaves by pulling down the pressure lid by attaching a cylinder and pulling the pressure cup.   When the pressure lid is raised, the stroke of the air cylinder is set to a position where the pressure lid stops slightly below the top edge of the drum, and the pressure lid is raised to the top of the drum manually. Item 4. A tea making machine according to item 1, 2 or 3.   At the tip of the cylinder lot, attach a C-shaped bracket with a hole in the position of the pin 27 at a distance of L1 from the lot tip on the center line in the expansion / contraction direction of the lot, and make two holes at a distance of L2. The lever fitting is made, one hole of the lever fitting is aligned with the hole of the pin 27 of the C-shaped fitting and connected through the pin, the other hole is aligned with the hole provided at the end of the pressure rod, and the pin 28 is passed through. 5. The tea making and twisting machine according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that a pressure bar and a lever fitting are connected.   In a tea making machine that applies pressure to the pressure lid with an air cylinder and performs the twisting operation, the supplied air passes through an electropneumatic combined pressure control valve that adjusts the pressure in proportion to the voltage signal or current signal. It is characterized by connecting to the air cylinder, programming the twisting operation with the sequence controller, and sending the voltage signal or current signal to the electro-pneumatic combined pressure regulating valve according to the program to control the pressure of the air cylinder Pressing method of tea-making machine.   While the tea leaves are being charged, the cylinder pressure is set to zero and only the load w0 of the pressure lid is applied. When the charging is completed, the light pressure w1 is applied for several minutes, then the cylinder pressure is reduced to zero for about one minute, and then the first time Pressurize with double load w2 for several minutes, set to zero again for about 1 minute, pressurize again with first triple load w3 for several minutes, and return to zero for about 1 minute. While repeating this, increasing the pressure, repeating the maximum pressurization wmax and zero pressure w0, continuing the twisting operation at the maximum pressurization, and performing the loosening operation with zero pressurization 1 to 3 minutes before removal 7. The method for pressurizing the tea making machine according to claim 6, wherein the removing is performed afterwards.

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