JP2015017770A - Boiler system - Google Patents

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JP2015017770A
JP2015017770A JP2013146075A JP2013146075A JP2015017770A JP 2015017770 A JP2015017770 A JP 2015017770A JP 2013146075 A JP2013146075 A JP 2013146075A JP 2013146075 A JP2013146075 A JP 2013146075A JP 2015017770 A JP2015017770 A JP 2015017770A
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boiler
heat exchanger
orc
medium
compressed air
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JP6214252B2 (en
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二郎 福島
Jiro Fukushima
二郎 福島
泰英 岡▲崎▼
Yasuhide Okazaki
泰英 岡▲崎▼
隆光 元田
Takamitsu Motoda
隆光 元田
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
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Hitachi Zosen Corp
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Priority to KR1020140082252A priority patent/KR102220071B1/en
Priority to CN201410326868.0A priority patent/CN104279542A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/14—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven relating to internal-combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
    • B63J3/02—Driving of auxiliaries from propulsion power plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently heat a medium in a simple structure by using waste heat of a prime mover.SOLUTION: A boiler system 1 is provided with: a boiler part 50 for storing liquid boiler water and heating the boiler water by using exhaust flowing through an exhaust passage 32 of a prime mover 3 as a heat source; a second pump 55 for sending the liquid boiler water from the boiler part 50 and circulating it to the boiler part 50 via a second circulation passage 522; and a compressed air heat exchanger 56 arranged on a scavenging passage 31 to heat the boiler water flowing through the second circulation passage 522 by using scavenging air flowing through the scavenging passage 31 as a heat source. In this way, by adding the compressed air heat exchanger 56, the second pump 55, and the second circulation passage 522 to the boiler part 50 for supplying steam to a steam system in a ship, the boiler system 1 can efficiently heat the boiler water in a simple structure by using a plurality kinds of waste heat related to the prime mover 3 and generate the steam of the boiler water.

Description

本発明は、ボイラシステムに関する。   The present invention relates to a boiler system.

従来より、大型船舶では、主機関から排出された排気の廃熱によりボイラ水を加熱して蒸気を生成する排ガスエコノマイザが煙突内に設けられる。例えば、特許文献１に示す排ガスエコノマイザシステムでは、補助ボイラに貯溜されるボイラ水が、ボイラ水循環ポンプにより排ガスエコノマイザへと送出され、排ガスエコノマイザにて加熱された後、補助ボイラへと戻される。   Conventionally, in a large vessel, an exhaust gas economizer that generates steam by heating boiler water with waste heat of exhaust gas discharged from a main engine is provided in a chimney. For example, in the exhaust gas economizer system disclosed in Patent Document 1, boiler water stored in an auxiliary boiler is sent to an exhaust gas economizer by a boiler water circulation pump, heated by the exhaust gas economizer, and then returned to the auxiliary boiler.

一方、特許文献２では、ディーゼル発電機の排気を利用して発電を行う発電装置が開示されている。当該発電装置では、ディーゼル発電機等の排気により加熱された水または水蒸気により、循環路を循環する有機流体が熱交換器を介して加熱され、当該有機流体によりタービンが駆動されて発電機により発電が行われる。当該発電装置は、すなわち、有機媒体を作動流体として有機ランキンサイクル（ＯＲＣ：Organic Rankine Cycle）を行う廃熱回収装置である。   On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a power generation device that generates power using exhaust gas from a diesel generator. In the power generation device, the organic fluid circulating in the circulation path is heated via a heat exchanger by water or steam heated by exhaust gas from a diesel generator or the like, and the turbine is driven by the organic fluid to generate power by the generator. Is done. That is, the power generation apparatus is a waste heat recovery apparatus that performs an organic rankine cycle (ORC) using an organic medium as a working fluid.

特許文献３の発電装置では、船舶の主機関の排気の廃熱、および、過給機から主機関に供給される圧縮空気の廃熱が、水よりも沸点が高い熱媒により回収され、熱交換器において当該熱媒により有機流体が加熱されて蒸発する。そして、蒸発した有機流体によりタービンが駆動され、タービンに接続された発電機により発電が行われる。また、特許文献４の発電装置では、船舶の主機関本体を冷却するジャケット冷却水の廃熱、および、過給機から主機関に供給される圧縮空気の廃熱が熱媒水により回収され、熱交換器において当該熱媒水により有機流体が加熱されて蒸発する。そして、蒸発した有機流体によりタービンが駆動され、タービンに接続された発電機により発電が行われる。   In the power generation device of Patent Document 3, waste heat of exhaust gas from the main engine of a ship and waste heat of compressed air supplied from the supercharger to the main engine are recovered by a heat medium having a boiling point higher than that of water. In the exchanger, the organic fluid is heated and evaporated by the heat medium. Then, the turbine is driven by the evaporated organic fluid, and power is generated by a generator connected to the turbine. Further, in the power generation device of Patent Document 4, the waste heat of the jacket cooling water that cools the main engine body of the ship and the waste heat of the compressed air supplied from the supercharger to the main engine are recovered by the heat transfer water, In the heat exchanger, the organic fluid is heated and evaporated by the heat transfer water. Then, the turbine is driven by the evaporated organic fluid, and power is generated by a generator connected to the turbine.

特許文献５の発電装置では、船舶の主機関の排気の廃熱、過給機から主機関に供給される圧縮空気の廃熱、および、主機関本体を冷却するジャケット冷却水の廃熱を、それぞれ個別に回収する３つの有機媒体経路が並行に（すなわち、互いに独立して）設けられる。これら３つの有機媒体経路にて気化された有機媒体は、１つのラジアルタービンに対して、軸線方向における３つの異なる位置から導入される。また、当該発電装置では、蒸気ドラム内の水が排ガスエコノマイザへと送出されて気化し、船内の補助装置へと供給される。補助装置へと供給された蒸気は、７０℃程度の水として大気圧ドレンタンクへと戻される。大気圧ドレンタンク内の水は、圧縮空気との熱交換を行う熱交換器、および、排気との熱交換を行う熱交換器を経由して、大気圧ドレンタンクへと循環する。   In the power generation device of Patent Document 5, the waste heat of the exhaust of the main engine of the ship, the waste heat of the compressed air supplied from the supercharger to the main engine, and the waste heat of the jacket cooling water that cools the main engine body, Three organic media paths are provided in parallel (i.e., independent of each other), each collecting individually. The organic medium vaporized in these three organic medium paths is introduced from three different positions in the axial direction with respect to one radial turbine. Moreover, in the said electric power generating apparatus, the water in a steam drum is sent to an exhaust gas economizer, is vaporized, and is supplied to the auxiliary apparatus in a ship. The steam supplied to the auxiliary device is returned to the atmospheric pressure drain tank as water at about 70 ° C. The water in the atmospheric drain tank is circulated to the atmospheric drain tank via a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the compressed air and a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the exhaust.

特開２０１１−１９６６４６号公報JP2011-196646A 登録実用新案第３０４４３８６号公報Registered Utility Model No. 3044386 特開２０１１−１４９３３２号公報JP 2011-149332 A 特開２０１１−２３１６３６号公報JP 2011-231636 A 特開２０１２−２１５１２４号公報JP 2012-215124 A

ところで、特許文献１の排ガスエコノマイザシステムでは、船舶の主機関からの排気の廃熱のみを利用して蒸気を生成しており、主機関の廃熱の利用効率があまり高くない。また、特許文献２の発電装置も同様に、ディーゼル発電機の排気の廃熱のみを利用してＯＲＣを行っているため、ディーゼル発電機の廃熱の利用効率があまり高くない。   By the way, in the exhaust gas economizer system of Patent Document 1, steam is generated using only the waste heat of the exhaust from the main engine of the ship, and the utilization efficiency of the waste heat of the main engine is not so high. Similarly, since the power generation apparatus of Patent Document 2 performs ORC using only the exhaust heat of the exhaust of the diesel generator, the use efficiency of the waste heat of the diesel generator is not so high.

特許文献３ないし５では、船舶の主機関に係る複数種類の廃熱を利用して発電が行われる。しかしながら、特許文献５では、上述のように、複数種類の廃熱を個別に回収する複数の有機媒体経路が設けられ、さらに、これらの有機媒体経路とは別に、排ガスエコノマイザにて蒸気ドラム内の水を気化して船内に供給するシステムが設けられるため、廃熱回収に係る機構が複雑化して製造コストが増大してしまう。また、特許文献３および４においても、発電装置とは別に、船内に蒸気を供給するシステムが設けられる必要があるため、特許文献５と同様に、廃熱回収に係る機構が複雑化して製造コストが増大してしまうおそれがある。   In Patent Documents 3 to 5, power generation is performed using a plurality of types of waste heat related to the main engine of a ship. However, in Patent Document 5, as described above, a plurality of organic medium paths that individually recover a plurality of types of waste heat are provided, and, in addition to these organic medium paths, an exhaust gas economizer is provided in the steam drum. Since a system for vaporizing water and supplying it to the ship is provided, the mechanism relating to waste heat recovery becomes complicated and the manufacturing cost increases. Also in Patent Documents 3 and 4, since a system for supplying steam into the ship needs to be provided separately from the power generation device, the mechanism for waste heat recovery becomes complicated and the manufacturing cost is similar to Patent Document 5. May increase.

本発明は、上記課題に鑑みなされたものであり、原動機の廃熱を利用して簡素な構造にて効率良く媒体を加熱することを目的としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to efficiently heat a medium with a simple structure using waste heat of a prime mover.

請求項１に記載の発明は、ボイラシステムであって、液状の媒体を貯溜し、原動機の排気路を流れる排気を熱源として媒体を加熱するボイラ部と、前記ボイラ部から液状の媒体を送出し、循環路を介して前記ボイラ部へと循環させるポンプと、加圧された吸気である圧縮空気を前記原動機へと導く加圧吸気路上に配置され、前記加圧吸気路を流れる圧縮空気を熱源として前記循環路を流れる媒体を加熱する圧縮空気熱交換器とを備える。   The invention according to claim 1 is a boiler system that stores a liquid medium, heats the medium using exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust passage of a prime mover as a heat source, and delivers the liquid medium from the boiler section. A pump that circulates to the boiler section through a circulation path, and a compressed intake air path that introduces compressed air, which is pressurized intake air, to the prime mover, and the compressed air flowing through the pressurized intake path is a heat source And a compressed air heat exchanger for heating the medium flowing through the circulation path.

請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載のボイラシステムであって、前記ボイラ部が、液状の媒体を貯溜するボイラ本体と、前記ボイラ本体から液状の媒体を送出し、他の循環路を介して前記ボイラ本体へと循環させる他のポンプと、前記排気路上に配置され、前記排気路を流れる前記原動機の排気を熱源として前記他の循環路を流れる媒体を加熱する排気熱交換器とを備える。   Invention of Claim 2 is the boiler system of Claim 1, Comprising: The said boiler part sends out a liquid medium from the boiler main body which stores a liquid medium, and the said boiler main body, and other circulation Another pump that circulates to the boiler body through a passage, and an exhaust heat exchanger that is disposed on the exhaust passage and heats a medium that flows through the other circulation passage with the exhaust of the prime mover flowing through the exhaust passage as a heat source With.

請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載のボイラシステムであって、前記ボイラ部が、液状の媒体を貯溜するとともに前記排気路が貫通するボイラ本体を備え、前記排気路を流れる排気により前記ボイラ本体内の媒体が加熱される。   Invention of Claim 3 is a boiler system of Claim 1, Comprising: The said boiler part is equipped with the boiler main body through which the said exhaust path penetrates while storing a liquid medium, Exhaust gas which flows through the said exhaust path As a result, the medium in the boiler body is heated.

請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項１ないし３のいずれかに記載のボイラシステムであって、前記ボイラ部における媒体の圧力または温度を測定して測定値を出力する測定部と、前記測定値に基づいて前記圧縮空気熱交換器から前記ボイラ部へと導かれる媒体の流量を制御する流量制御部とをさらに備え、前記測定値が小さくなるに従って、前記流量制御部により前記流量が減少する。   Invention of Claim 4 is a boiler system in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3, Comprising: The measurement part which measures the pressure or temperature of the medium in the said boiler part, and outputs a measured value, The said measurement And a flow rate control unit that controls the flow rate of the medium guided from the compressed air heat exchanger to the boiler unit based on the value, and the flow rate is reduced by the flow rate control unit as the measured value decreases. .

請求項５に記載の発明は、請求項１ないし４のいずれかに記載のボイラシステムであって、前記循環路上に配置され、前記ボイラ部から送出された媒体からエネルギーを回収する回収装置をさらに備え、前記回収装置が、前記循環路において前記ボイラ部から前記圧縮空気熱交換器へと媒体を導く配管上に配置され、前記循環路を流れる媒体を熱源として有機媒体である作動流体を加熱して気化するＯＲＣ熱交換器と、前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器にて気化された作動流体を膨張させて機械的エネルギーを回収する膨張機と、前記膨張機にて膨張させた作動流体を凝縮して液化する凝縮器と、前記凝縮器にて液化された作動流体を前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器へと送出するＯＲＣポンプとを備える。   A fifth aspect of the present invention is the boiler system according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, further comprising a recovery device that is disposed on the circulation path and recovers energy from a medium sent from the boiler section. The recovery device is disposed on a pipe that guides the medium from the boiler section to the compressed air heat exchanger in the circulation path, and heats the working fluid that is an organic medium using the medium flowing through the circulation path as a heat source. ORC heat exchanger that vaporizes, an expander that expands the working fluid vaporized in the ORC heat exchanger to recover mechanical energy, and condenses and liquefies the working fluid expanded in the expander And a ORC pump that delivers the working fluid liquefied in the condenser to the ORC heat exchanger.

請求項６に記載の発明は、請求項５に記載のボイラシステムであって、前記回収装置が、前記凝縮器から前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器へと作動流体を導く配管上に配置され、前記原動機のジャケット冷却水を熱源として作動流体を加熱するジャケット熱交換器をさらに備える。   Invention of Claim 6 is a boiler system of Claim 5, Comprising: The said collection | recovery apparatus is arrange | positioned on the piping which guides a working fluid from the said condenser to the said ORC heat exchanger, A jacket heat exchanger for heating the working fluid using the jacket cooling water as a heat source is further provided.

請求項７に記載の発明は、請求項５に記載のボイラシステムであって、前記循環路において前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器から前記圧縮空気熱交換器へと媒体を導く配管上に配置され、前記原動機のジャケット冷却水を熱源として媒体を加熱するジャケット熱交換器をさらに備える。   The invention according to claim 7 is the boiler system according to claim 5, wherein the prime mover is arranged on a pipe for guiding a medium from the ORC heat exchanger to the compressed air heat exchanger in the circulation path. A jacket heat exchanger that heats the medium using the jacket cooling water as a heat source.

請求項８に記載の発明は、請求項５ないし７のいずれかに記載のボイラシステムであって、前記回収装置が、前記凝縮器から送出された作動流体の一部が分岐されて導かれ、前記循環路において前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器から前記圧縮空気熱交換器へと導かれる媒体を熱源として、作動流体の前記一部を加熱して気化する他のＯＲＣ熱交換器と、前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器に導かれる作動流体の圧力を、前記他のＯＲＣ熱交換器に導かれる作動流体の圧力よりも高くする圧力調整部とをさらに備え、前記他のＯＲＣ熱交換器にて気化された作動流体も前記膨張機へと導かれる。   Invention of Claim 8 is a boiler system in any one of Claim 5 thru | or 7, Comprising: A part of the working fluid sent out from the said condenser is branched and the said recovery apparatus is guide | induced, Another ORC heat exchanger that heats and vaporizes the part of the working fluid using a medium guided from the ORC heat exchanger to the compressed air heat exchanger in the circulation path as a heat source; and the ORC heat exchanger A pressure adjusting unit that makes the pressure of the working fluid led to the other ORC heat exchanger higher than the pressure of the working fluid led to the other ORC heat exchanger, and the working fluid vaporized in the other ORC heat exchanger is also Guided to the expander.

請求項９に記載の発明は、請求項１ないし８のいずれかに記載のボイラシステムであって、前記媒体が、ボイラ水であり、前記ボイラ部において、前記ボイラ水の蒸気が生成される。   The invention according to claim 9 is the boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the medium is boiler water, and steam of the boiler water is generated in the boiler section.

請求項１０に記載の発明は、請求項１ないし９のいずれかに記載のボイラシステムであって、前記原動機が、船舶の主機関であり、前記ボイラ部が、前記船舶の補助ボイラである。   The invention according to claim 10 is the boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the prime mover is a main engine of a ship, and the boiler unit is an auxiliary boiler of the ship.

本発明では、原動機の廃熱を利用して簡素な構造にて効率良く媒体を加熱することができる。   In the present invention, the medium can be efficiently heated with a simple structure by using the waste heat of the prime mover.

本発明の第１の実施の形態に係るボイラシステムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the boiler system which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施の形態に係るボイラシステムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the boiler system which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施の形態に係るボイラシステムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the boiler system which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第４の実施の形態に係るボイラシステムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the boiler system which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第５の実施の形態に係るボイラシステムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the boiler system which concerns on the 5th Embodiment of this invention.

図１は、本発明の第１の実施の形態に係るボイラシステム１の構成を示す図である。ボイラシステム１は、例えば、比較的大型の船舶の補助ボイラシステムとして利用される。図１では、船舶の主機関として利用される過給機付き原動機２も共に示す。ボイラシステム１では、過給機付き原動機２の廃熱を利用して媒体であるボイラ水を加熱する。加熱されたボイラ水から発生した蒸気は、船内の燃料油、潤滑油、生活用水等の加熱源等として利用される。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a boiler system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The boiler system 1 is used, for example, as an auxiliary boiler system for a relatively large ship. In FIG. 1, the motor | power_engine 2 with a supercharger utilized as a main engine of a ship is also shown. In the boiler system 1, boiler water as a medium is heated using waste heat of the motor 2 with a supercharger. Steam generated from the heated boiler water is used as a heating source for fuel oil, lubricating oil, domestic water, etc. in the ship.

過給機付き原動機２は、内燃機関である舶用原動機３（以下、単に「原動機３」という。）と、ターボチャージャである過給機４とを備える。原動機３は、船舶の主機関であり、例えば、２サイクル・ディーゼルエンジンである。過給機４は、タービン４１と、タービン４１に機械的に接続されるコンプレッサ４２とを備える。原動機３と過給機４とは、掃気路３１および排気路３２により接続される。排気路３２は、原動機３からの排気をタービン４１へと導く。   The supercharger-equipped prime mover 2 includes a marine prime mover 3 that is an internal combustion engine (hereinafter simply referred to as “prime mover 3”) and a turbocharger 4 that is a turbocharger. The prime mover 3 is a main engine of a ship, for example, a two-cycle diesel engine. The supercharger 4 includes a turbine 41 and a compressor 42 that is mechanically connected to the turbine 41. The prime mover 3 and the supercharger 4 are connected by a scavenging path 31 and an exhaust path 32. The exhaust path 32 guides the exhaust from the prime mover 3 to the turbine 41.

タービン４１は、原動機３から排気路３２を介して供給された排気により回転する。タービン４１の回転に利用された排気は、排気路３２を介して過給機付き原動機２の外部に排出される。コンプレッサ４２は、タービン４１にて発生する回転力を利用して（すなわち、タービン４１の回転を動力として）、過給機付き原動機２の外部から吸気路４３を介して過給機４に導かれた吸気（空気）を加圧して圧縮する。コンプレッサ４２により加圧された吸気である圧縮空気（以下、「掃気」という。）は、掃気路３１上に設けられた圧縮空気熱交換器５６（後述）にて冷却された後、原動機３に供給される。このように、過給機４では、排気を利用して吸気を加圧し、掃気が生成される。掃気路３１は、加圧された吸気を過給機４から原動機３へと導く流路、すなわち、加圧吸気路である。なお、ボイラシステム１では、掃気路３１の圧縮空気熱交換器５６よりも下流側に配置されるとともに圧縮空気熱交換器５６から送出された掃気をさらに冷却する掃気冷却器が設けられてもよい（他の実施の形態においても同様）。   The turbine 41 is rotated by the exhaust gas supplied from the prime mover 3 through the exhaust passage 32. The exhaust used for the rotation of the turbine 41 is discharged to the outside of the supercharger-equipped prime mover 2 through the exhaust passage 32. The compressor 42 is guided to the supercharger 4 through the intake passage 43 from the outside of the supercharger-equipped prime mover 2 using the rotational force generated in the turbine 41 (that is, using the rotation of the turbine 41 as power). Pressurize and compress the intake air (air). Compressed air (hereinafter referred to as “scavenging”) pressurized by the compressor 42 is cooled by a compressed air heat exchanger 56 (described later) provided on the scavenging passage 31, and then is supplied to the prime mover 3. Supplied. Thus, in the supercharger 4, the intake air is pressurized using the exhaust gas, and scavenging is generated. The scavenging passage 31 is a passage that guides pressurized intake air from the supercharger 4 to the prime mover 3, that is, a pressurized intake passage. The boiler system 1 may be provided with a scavenging cooler that is disposed on the downstream side of the compressed air heat exchanger 56 in the scavenging passage 31 and further cools the scavenged air sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56. (The same applies to other embodiments).

ボイラシステム１は、ボイラ装置５と、回収装置６とを備える。ボイラ装置５は、ボイラ部５０と、ポンプ５５と、圧縮空気熱交換器５６と、流量制御部５７と、測定部５８１とを備える。ボイラ部５０は、ボイラ本体５１と、他のポンプ５３と、排気熱交換器５４とを備える。以下の説明では、ポンプ５３，５５を区別するために、それぞれ「第１ポンプ５３」「第２ポンプ５５」と呼ぶ。   The boiler system 1 includes a boiler device 5 and a recovery device 6. The boiler device 5 includes a boiler unit 50, a pump 55, a compressed air heat exchanger 56, a flow rate control unit 57, and a measurement unit 581. The boiler unit 50 includes a boiler body 51, another pump 53, and an exhaust heat exchanger 54. In the following description, the pumps 53 and 55 are referred to as “first pump 53” and “second pump 55”, respectively.

ボイラ本体５１は、船舶の煙突（いわゆる、ファンネル）から離れた位置に配置され、液状の媒体（すなわち、液状のボイラ水）を貯溜する。ボイラ本体５１には、上述の測定部５８１が設けられる。測定部５８１により、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度が測定される。ボイラ本体５１には、また、図示省略のバーナや給水部が設けられる。当該バーナは、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水を必要に応じて加熱する。当該給水部は、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水が減少した場合等、必要に応じてボイラ本体５１内にボイラ水を供給する。   The boiler body 51 is disposed at a position away from the chimney (so-called funnel) of the ship and stores a liquid medium (that is, liquid boiler water). The boiler main body 51 is provided with the measurement unit 581 described above. The temperature of the boiler water in the boiler body 51 is measured by the measuring unit 581. The boiler body 51 is also provided with a burner and a water supply unit (not shown). The burner heats boiler water in the boiler body 51 as necessary. The said water supply part supplies boiler water in the boiler main body 51 as needed, such as when the boiler water in the boiler main body 51 reduces.

ボイラ本体５１、第２ポンプ５５、圧縮空気熱交換器５６および流量制御部５７は、ボイラ水が循環する循環路５２２により、当該順序にて接続される。ボイラ部５０では、ボイラ本体５１、第１ポンプ５３および排気熱交換器５４が、ボイラ水が循環する他の循環路５２１により、当該順序にて接続される。以下の説明では、循環路５２１，５２２を区別するために、それぞれ「第１循環路５２１」「第２循環路５２２」と呼ぶ。第１循環路５２１および第２循環路５２２は、ボイラ本体５１と分岐部５２ａとの間において、共通流路となっており、分岐部５２ａにおいて分岐する。なお、第１循環路５２１および第２循環路５２２は、それぞれ個別にボイラ本体５１に接続されてもよい。   The boiler body 51, the second pump 55, the compressed air heat exchanger 56, and the flow rate control unit 57 are connected in this order by a circulation path 522 through which boiler water circulates. In the boiler part 50, the boiler main body 51, the 1st pump 53, and the exhaust heat exchanger 54 are connected in the said order by the other circulation path 521 through which boiler water circulates. In the following description, the circulation paths 521 and 522 are referred to as “first circulation path 521” and “second circulation path 522”, respectively. The first circulation path 521 and the second circulation path 522 form a common flow path between the boiler body 51 and the branching part 52a, and branch off at the branching part 52a. Note that the first circulation path 521 and the second circulation path 522 may be individually connected to the boiler body 51.

ボイラ部５０では、第１ポンプ５３が駆動されることにより、液状のボイラ水がボイラ本体５１から第１循環路５２１へと送出される。ボイラ本体５１から送出されたボイラ水は、図１中に矢印にて示すように、第１循環路５２１を介して、第１ポンプ５３を通過し、さらに排気熱交換器５４を通過して、ボイラ本体５１へと循環する。   In the boiler unit 50, liquid boiler water is sent from the boiler body 51 to the first circulation path 521 by driving the first pump 53. The boiler water sent out from the boiler body 51 passes through the first pump 53 via the first circulation path 521 and further passes through the exhaust heat exchanger 54, as indicated by arrows in FIG. Circulates to the boiler body 51.

排気熱交換器５４は、船舶の煙突内に配置され、過給機付き原動機２の排気路３２上においてタービン４１よりも下流側に配置される。排気熱交換器５４では、第１循環路５２１を流れる液状のボイラ水が、排気路３２を流れるタービン４１からの排気（すなわち、タービン４１を通過した後の原動機３からの排気）を熱源として加熱される。換言すれば、排気熱交換器５４では、排気に含まれる過給機付き原動機２の廃熱を熱源としてボイラ水が加熱される。排気熱交換器５４を通過する排気の温度は、原動機３の出力や周囲の温度等により変化する。原動機３の出力が最大出力（１００％出力）である場合の当該排気温度は、例えば、約２３０℃である。排気熱交換器５４では、排気熱交換器５４に流入するボイラ水の一部が気化（蒸発）する。そして、ガス状のボイラ水と液状のボイラ水との混合流体が、排気熱交換器５４からボイラ本体５１へと送出される。   The exhaust heat exchanger 54 is disposed in the chimney of the ship, and is disposed on the downstream side of the turbine 41 on the exhaust path 32 of the supercharger-equipped prime mover 2. In the exhaust heat exchanger 54, the liquid boiler water flowing through the first circulation path 521 is heated using the exhaust from the turbine 41 flowing through the exhaust path 32 (that is, the exhaust from the prime mover 3 after passing through the turbine 41) as a heat source. Is done. In other words, in the exhaust heat exchanger 54, boiler water is heated using the waste heat of the supercharger-equipped prime mover 2 included in the exhaust as a heat source. The temperature of the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust heat exchanger 54 varies depending on the output of the prime mover 3, the ambient temperature, and the like. The exhaust temperature when the output of the prime mover 3 is the maximum output (100% output) is, for example, about 230 ° C. In the exhaust heat exchanger 54, a part of the boiler water flowing into the exhaust heat exchanger 54 is vaporized (evaporated). A mixed fluid of gaseous boiler water and liquid boiler water is sent from the exhaust heat exchanger 54 to the boiler body 51.

すなわち、ボイラ部５０は、液状のボイラ水を貯溜し、原動機３の排気路３２を流れる排気を熱源としてボイラ水を加熱してボイラ水の蒸気を生成する装置（いわゆる、排ガスエコノマイザ）であり、船舶の補助ボイラとして利用される。ボイラ本体５１内におけるボイラ水の温度・圧力は、例えば、約１３５℃・約０．２５ＭＰａ（メガパスカル）〜約１６５℃・約０．６ＭＰａである。ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の蒸気は、ボイラ本体５１の上部に接続された蒸気配管５２４を介して、船内の蒸気システムへと供給される。   That is, the boiler unit 50 is an apparatus (so-called exhaust gas economizer) that stores liquid boiler water and heats the boiler water using the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 32 of the prime mover 3 as a heat source to generate steam of the boiler water. Used as an auxiliary boiler for ships. The temperature and pressure of the boiler water in the boiler body 51 are, for example, about 135 ° C. and about 0.25 MPa (megapascal) to about 165 ° C. and about 0.6 MPa. Steam of boiler water in the boiler body 51 is supplied to the steam system in the ship via a steam pipe 524 connected to the upper part of the boiler body 51.

ボイラ装置５では、第２ポンプ５５が駆動されることにより、液状のボイラ水がボイラ本体５１から第２循環路５２２へと送出される。ボイラ本体５１から送出されたボイラ水は、図１中に矢印にて示すように、第２循環路５２２を介して、第２ポンプ５５、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２（後述）、圧縮空気熱交換器５６および流量制御部５７を当該順序にて通過して、ボイラ本体５１へと循環する。   In the boiler device 5, liquid boiler water is sent from the boiler body 51 to the second circulation path 522 by driving the second pump 55. As shown by the arrow in FIG. 1, boiler water sent out from the boiler body 51 passes through the second circulation path 522, and the second pump 55, the ORC heat exchanger 62 (described later), and the compressed air heat exchanger. 56 and the flow rate control unit 57 are passed in this order and circulated to the boiler body 51.

第２循環路５２２を流れるボイラ水は、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２にて冷却された後、圧縮空気熱交換器５６へと流入する。ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２から圧縮空気熱交換器５６へと向かうボイラ水の温度は、例えば、約１００〜１３０℃である。   The boiler water flowing through the second circulation path 522 is cooled by the ORC heat exchanger 62 and then flows into the compressed air heat exchanger 56. The temperature of boiler water heading from the ORC heat exchanger 62 to the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is, for example, about 100 to 130 ° C.

圧縮空気熱交換器５６は、第２循環路５２２上においてＯＲＣ熱交換器６２と流量制御部５７との間に配置され、また、コンプレッサ４２と原動機３との間において掃気路３１上に配置される。圧縮空気熱交換器５６では、掃気路３１を流れるコンプレッサ４２からの掃気を熱源として、第２循環路５２２を流れる液状のボイラ水が加熱される。換言すれば、圧縮空気熱交換器５６では、掃気に含まれる過給機付き原動機２の廃熱を熱源としてボイラ水が加熱される。圧縮空気熱交換器５６を通過する掃気の温度は、原動機３の出力や周囲の温度等により変化する。原動機３の出力が最大出力（１００％出力）である場合の当該掃気温度は、例えば、約２２０℃である。原動機３の出力が低下すると、掃気温度も低下する。   The compressed air heat exchanger 56 is disposed on the second circulation path 522 between the ORC heat exchanger 62 and the flow rate control unit 57, and is disposed on the scavenging path 31 between the compressor 42 and the prime mover 3. The In the compressed air heat exchanger 56, the liquid boiler water flowing through the second circulation path 522 is heated using the scavenging air from the compressor 42 flowing through the scavenging path 31 as a heat source. In other words, in the compressed air heat exchanger 56, the boiler water is heated using the waste heat of the prime mover-equipped motor 2 included in the scavenging as a heat source. The temperature of the scavenging air passing through the compressed air heat exchanger 56 varies depending on the output of the prime mover 3, the ambient temperature, and the like. The scavenging temperature when the output of the prime mover 3 is the maximum output (100% output) is, for example, about 220 ° C. When the output of the prime mover 3 decreases, the scavenging temperature also decreases.

圧縮空気熱交換器５６から送出されるボイラ水の温度は、圧縮空気熱交換器５６に流入するボイラ水の温度や圧縮空気熱交換器５６を通過する掃気の温度等により変化する。圧縮空気熱交換器５６から流量制御部５７へと向かうボイラ水の温度は、例えば、約１３５〜１６５℃である。圧縮空気熱交換器５６と流量制御部５７との間には測定部５８２が設けられ、圧縮空気熱交換器５６から流量制御部５７へと第２循環路５２２を流れるボイラ水の温度が測定される。   The temperature of boiler water sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 varies depending on the temperature of boiler water flowing into the compressed air heat exchanger 56, the temperature of scavenging air passing through the compressed air heat exchanger 56, and the like. The temperature of boiler water heading from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the flow rate control unit 57 is, for example, about 135 to 165 ° C. A measuring unit 582 is provided between the compressed air heat exchanger 56 and the flow rate control unit 57, and the temperature of boiler water flowing through the second circulation path 522 from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the flow rate control unit 57 is measured. The

圧縮空気熱交換器５６からは、液状のボイラ水、または、ガス状のボイラ水と液状のボイラ水との混合流体が送出される。圧縮空気熱交換器５６において加熱されたボイラ水は、流量制御部５７を通過してボイラ本体５１へと戻される。流量制御部５７では、圧縮空気熱交換器５６からボイラ部５０のボイラ本体５１へと導かれるボイラ水の流量が制御される。原動機３の出力が、例えば、常用出力（ＣＳＯ：Continuous Service Output）以上である場合、圧縮空気熱交換器５６から送出されたボイラ水の全量がボイラ本体５１へと戻される。   From the compressed air heat exchanger 56, liquid boiler water or a mixed fluid of gaseous boiler water and liquid boiler water is sent out. The boiler water heated in the compressed air heat exchanger 56 passes through the flow rate control unit 57 and is returned to the boiler body 51. In the flow rate control unit 57, the flow rate of boiler water led from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the boiler body 51 of the boiler unit 50 is controlled. For example, when the output of the prime mover 3 is equal to or higher than, for example, a service output (CSO: Continuous Service Output), the entire amount of boiler water sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is returned to the boiler body 51.

流量制御部５７は、例えば、第２循環路５２２上に設けられた三方弁である。流量制御部５７において、図１中に破線にて示す分岐配管５２３が第２循環路５２２から分岐し、ボイラ本体５１と第２ポンプ５５との間の合流部５２ｂにおいて、第２循環路５２２に合流する。   The flow control unit 57 is, for example, a three-way valve provided on the second circulation path 522. In the flow rate control unit 57, a branch pipe 523 indicated by a broken line in FIG. 1 branches from the second circulation path 522, and at the junction 52 b between the boiler body 51 and the second pump 55, the second circulation path 522 is connected. Join.

ボイラ装置５では、測定部５８１，５８２により、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度、および、圧縮空気熱交換器５６から流量制御部５７へと送出されるボイラ水の温度が測定されて測定値として出力される。以下の説明では、測定部５８１，５８２を区別するために、それぞれ「第１測定部５８１」「第２測定部５８２」と呼ぶ。そして、第１測定部５８１および第２測定部５８２のそれぞれの測定値に基づいて、圧縮空気熱交換器５６からボイラ部５０のボイラ本体５１へと導かれるボイラ水の流量が、流量制御部５７により制御される。   In the boiler device 5, the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler body 51 and the temperature of the boiler water sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the flow rate control unit 57 are measured by the measuring units 581 and 582 and measured values are obtained. Is output as In the following description, the measurement units 581 and 582 are referred to as “first measurement unit 581” and “second measurement unit 582” in order to distinguish them. Then, based on the measured values of the first measuring unit 581 and the second measuring unit 582, the flow rate of the boiler water led from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the boiler body 51 of the boiler unit 50 is changed to the flow rate control unit 57. Controlled by

具体的には、第１測定部５８１の測定値であるボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度が、第２測定部５８２の測定値である圧縮空気熱交換器５６から流量制御部５７へと送出されるボイラ水の温度以下の場合、圧縮空気熱交換器５６から送出されたボイラ水の全量がボイラ本体５１へと戻される。このように、圧縮空気熱交換器５６においてボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度以上の温度まで加熱されたボイラ水の全量をボイラ本体５１へと戻すことにより、圧縮空気熱交換器５６において回収された掃気の廃熱を、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の加熱（または温度維持）に効率良く利用することができる。   Specifically, the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler body 51 that is the measurement value of the first measurement unit 581 is sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 that is the measurement value of the second measurement unit 582 to the flow rate control unit 57. When the temperature is lower than the boiler water temperature, the entire amount of boiler water sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is returned to the boiler body 51. In this way, the entire amount of boiler water heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler body 51 in the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is returned to the boiler body 51, thereby being recovered in the compressed air heat exchanger 56. The waste heat of the scavenging air can be efficiently used for heating (or maintaining the temperature) of boiler water in the boiler body 51.

一方、原動機３の出力が低下した場合等、圧縮空気熱交換器５６により加熱されたボイラ水の温度が、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度よりも低くなることがある。このように、第２測定部５８２の測定値が第１測定部５８１の測定値よりも低い場合、流量制御部５７により、圧縮空気熱交換器５６から送出されるボイラ水の一部のみがボイラ本体５１へと戻され、圧縮空気熱交換器５６から送出されるボイラ水の他の部分は、分岐配管５２３を介して第２ポンプ５５へと導かれる。あるいは、圧縮空気熱交換器５６から送出されるボイラ水の全量が、分岐配管５２３を介して第２ポンプ５５へと導かれる。ボイラ装置５では、第１測定部５８１の測定値から第２測定部５８２の測定値を減算した値が大きくなるに従って、流量制御部５７により圧縮空気熱交換器５６からボイラ本体５１へと戻されるボイラ水の流量が漸次減少する。   On the other hand, when the output of the prime mover 3 decreases, the temperature of the boiler water heated by the compressed air heat exchanger 56 may be lower than the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler body 51. As described above, when the measurement value of the second measurement unit 582 is lower than the measurement value of the first measurement unit 581, only a part of the boiler water sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 by the flow rate control unit 57 is boiler. The other part of the boiler water returned to the main body 51 and sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is guided to the second pump 55 via the branch pipe 523. Alternatively, the entire amount of boiler water delivered from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is guided to the second pump 55 via the branch pipe 523. In the boiler device 5, as the value obtained by subtracting the measurement value of the second measurement unit 582 from the measurement value of the first measurement unit 581 increases, the flow rate control unit 57 returns the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the boiler body 51. The flow rate of boiler water gradually decreases.

このように、圧縮空気熱交換器５６からのボイラ水の温度が、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度よりも低い場合、圧縮空気熱交換器５６からボイラ本体５１に戻るボイラ水の流量を減少させることにより、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度が、所定の温度よりも低くなることを抑制または防止することができる。その結果、船内の蒸気システムに所望の温度のボイラ水の蒸気を供給することができる。さらに、圧縮空気熱交換器５６からのボイラ水の温度が、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度から低温側に離れるに従って、圧縮空気熱交換器５６からボイラ本体５１に戻るボイラ水の流量を漸次減少させることにより、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度が、所定の温度よりも低くなることをより一層抑制または防止することができる。すなわち、流量制御部５７は、ボイラ部５０のボイラ本体５１におけるボイラ水の温度を制御する温度制御部である。   Thus, when the temperature of the boiler water from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is lower than the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler body 51, the flow rate of the boiler water returning from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the boiler body 51 is reduced. By making it, it can suppress or prevent that the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler main body 51 becomes lower than predetermined | prescribed temperature. As a result, it is possible to supply boiler water steam at a desired temperature to the steam system in the ship. Further, as the temperature of the boiler water from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 moves away from the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler body 51 to the low temperature side, the flow rate of the boiler water returning from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the boiler body 51 is gradually increased. By reducing the temperature, it is possible to further suppress or prevent the boiler water temperature in the boiler body 51 from becoming lower than a predetermined temperature. That is, the flow rate control unit 57 is a temperature control unit that controls the temperature of boiler water in the boiler body 51 of the boiler unit 50.

ボイラ装置５では、第２測定部５８２が省略され、第１測定部５８１から出力されるボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度に基づいて、流量制御部５７による流量制御が行われてもよい。例えば、第１測定部５８１により測定されたボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度が所定の閾値温度よりも高い場合、圧縮空気熱交換器５６から送出されたボイラ水の全量がボイラ本体５１へと戻される。一方、第１測定部５８１により測定されたボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度が所定の閾値温度以下に低下した場合、圧縮空気熱交換器５６から送出されるボイラ水の温度がボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度よりも低いと判断され、流量制御部５７が、圧縮空気熱交換器５６からボイラ本体５１へと戻るボイラ水の流量を減少させる。そして、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度が低くなるに従って、流量制御部５７による制御により、圧縮空気熱交換器５６からボイラ本体５１へと戻るボイラ水の流量が漸次減少する。   In the boiler device 5, the second measurement unit 582 may be omitted, and the flow rate control by the flow rate control unit 57 may be performed based on the boiler water temperature in the boiler body 51 output from the first measurement unit 581. For example, when the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler body 51 measured by the first measurement unit 581 is higher than a predetermined threshold temperature, the total amount of boiler water sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is transferred to the boiler body 51. Returned. On the other hand, when the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler main body 51 measured by the first measuring unit 581 falls below a predetermined threshold temperature, the temperature of the boiler water sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is within the boiler main body 51. Therefore, the flow rate control unit 57 reduces the flow rate of the boiler water returning from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the boiler body 51. Then, as the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler body 51 becomes lower, the flow rate of the boiler water returning from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the boiler body 51 is gradually reduced by the control by the flow rate control unit 57.

また、ボイラ装置５では、第１測定部５８１によりボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の圧力が測定されて測定値が出力され、当該測定値に基づいて流量制御部５７による流量制御が行われてもよい。例えば、第１測定部５８１により測定されたボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の圧力が所定の閾値圧力よりも高い場合、圧縮空気熱交換器５６から送出されたボイラ水の全量がボイラ本体５１へと戻される。一方、第１測定部５８１により測定されたボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の圧力が所定の閾値圧力以下に低下した場合、流量制御部５７が、圧縮空気熱交換器５６からボイラ本体５１へと戻るボイラ水の流量を減少させる。   Moreover, in the boiler apparatus 5, even if the pressure value of the boiler water in the boiler main body 51 is measured by the 1st measurement part 581 and a measured value is output, flow control by the flow volume control part 57 is performed based on the said measured value. Good. For example, when the pressure of the boiler water in the boiler body 51 measured by the first measuring unit 581 is higher than a predetermined threshold pressure, the total amount of boiler water sent from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is transferred to the boiler body 51. Returned. On the other hand, when the pressure of the boiler water in the boiler body 51 measured by the first measurement unit 581 falls below a predetermined threshold pressure, the flow rate control unit 57 returns from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 to the boiler body 51. Reduce boiler water flow.

さらに、ボイラ装置５では、ボイラ部５０におけるボイラ本体５１以外の部位のボイラ水の温度または圧力が第１測定部５８１により測定され、第１測定部５８１から出力される測定値に基づいて流量制御部５７による流量制御が行われてもよい。換言すれば、第１測定部５８１により、ボイラ部５０におけるボイラ水の温度または圧力が測定されて測定値が出力され、流量制御部５７により、当該測定値に基づいて圧縮空気熱交換器５６からボイラ部５０へと導かれるボイラ水の流量が制御される。そして、第１測定部５８１による測定値が小さくなるに従って、圧縮空気熱交換器５６からボイラ本体５１へと戻るボイラ水の流量が漸次減少する。これにより、上記と同様に、圧縮空気熱交換器５６において回収された掃気の廃熱を、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の加熱（または温度維持）に効率良く利用することができるとともに、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度が、所定の温度よりも低くなることを抑制または防止することができる。   Further, in the boiler device 5, the temperature or pressure of the boiler water in a portion other than the boiler body 51 in the boiler unit 50 is measured by the first measurement unit 581, and the flow rate control is performed based on the measurement value output from the first measurement unit 581. The flow rate control by the unit 57 may be performed. In other words, the temperature or pressure of the boiler water in the boiler unit 50 is measured by the first measuring unit 581 and the measured value is output, and the flow rate control unit 57 outputs the measured value from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 based on the measured value. The flow rate of boiler water led to the boiler unit 50 is controlled. And as the measurement value by the 1st measurement part 581 becomes small, the flow volume of the boiler water which returns to the boiler main body 51 from the compressed air heat exchanger 56 reduces gradually. As a result, similarly to the above, the scavenging waste heat recovered in the compressed air heat exchanger 56 can be efficiently used for heating (or maintaining the temperature) of the boiler water in the boiler body 51, and the boiler body. It can suppress or prevent that the temperature of the boiler water in 51 becomes lower than predetermined temperature.

回収装置６は、第２循環路５２２上に配置され、ボイラ部５０から第２循環路５２２へと送出されたボイラ水からエネルギーを回収する装置である。回収装置６は、例えば、水よりも沸点が低い作動流体（好ましくは、代替フロンＲ２４５ｆａ等の有機媒体）を利用した有機ランキンサイクル（ＯＲＣ：Organic Rankine Cycle）によって熱エネルギーを動力として回収するものである。回収装置６は、ＯＲＣ循環路６１と、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２と、膨張機６３と、凝縮器６４と、ＯＲＣポンプ６５とを備える。ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２、膨張機６３、凝縮器６４およびＯＲＣポンプ６５は、作動流体が循環するＯＲＣ循環路６１により、上記順序にて接続される。   The recovery device 6 is a device that is disposed on the second circulation path 522 and recovers energy from boiler water sent from the boiler unit 50 to the second circulation path 522. The recovery device 6 recovers thermal energy as power by an organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) using a working fluid having a lower boiling point than water (preferably, an organic medium such as alternative chlorofluorocarbon R245fa). is there. The recovery device 6 includes an ORC circuit 61, an ORC heat exchanger 62, an expander 63, a condenser 64, and an ORC pump 65. The ORC heat exchanger 62, the expander 63, the condenser 64, and the ORC pump 65 are connected in the above order by the ORC circulation path 61 through which the working fluid circulates.

回収装置６では、ＯＲＣポンプ６５により作動流体が加圧されてＯＲＣ熱交換器６２へと送出される。ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２は、上述のボイラ装置５の第２循環路５２２において、ボイラ部５０から圧縮空気熱交換器５６へとボイラ水を導く配管上に配置される。具体的には、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２は、第２循環路５２２のうち、第２ポンプ５５から圧縮空気熱交換器５６へとボイラ水が導かれる配管上に配置される。当該配管を流れるボイラ水の温度は、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水の温度にほぼ等しく、例えば、約１３５〜１６５℃である。ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２では、第２循環路５２２を流れるボイラ水を熱源として、ＯＲＣポンプ６５から送出された作動流体が加熱されて気化する。また、第２循環路５２２を流れるボイラ水は、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２において回収装置６の作動流体により冷却され、ボイラ水の温度は、上述のように、例えば約１００〜１３０℃まで低下する。   In the recovery device 6, the working fluid is pressurized by the ORC pump 65 and sent to the ORC heat exchanger 62. The ORC heat exchanger 62 is disposed on a pipe that guides boiler water from the boiler unit 50 to the compressed air heat exchanger 56 in the second circulation path 522 of the boiler device 5 described above. Specifically, the ORC heat exchanger 62 is disposed on the pipe through which the boiler water is guided from the second pump 55 to the compressed air heat exchanger 56 in the second circulation path 522. The temperature of the boiler water flowing through the pipe is substantially equal to the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler body 51, and is, for example, about 135 to 165 ° C. In the ORC heat exchanger 62, the working fluid sent from the ORC pump 65 is heated and vaporized using boiler water flowing through the second circulation path 522 as a heat source. Moreover, the boiler water which flows through the 2nd circulation path 522 is cooled by the working fluid of the collection | recovery apparatus 6 in the ORC heat exchanger 62, and the temperature of boiler water falls to about 100-130 degreeC as mentioned above, for example.

ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２により加熱されて気化された作動流体は、ＯＲＣ循環路６１を介して膨張機６３へと導かれる。膨張機６３は、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２にて気化されたガス状の作動流体を膨張させて機械的エネルギーを回収する。膨張機６３としては、例えば、作動流体により回転するタービンが利用される。当該タービンの軸は発電機８に接続されており、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２から送り込まれる作動流体によりタービンが駆動されることにより、発電機８において発電が行われる。   The working fluid heated and vaporized by the ORC heat exchanger 62 is guided to the expander 63 via the ORC circuit 61. The expander 63 expands the gaseous working fluid vaporized by the ORC heat exchanger 62 and recovers mechanical energy. As the expander 63, for example, a turbine rotated by a working fluid is used. The shaft of the turbine is connected to the generator 8, and the turbine 8 is driven by the working fluid sent from the ORC heat exchanger 62, whereby the generator 8 generates power.

膨張機６３を通過したガス状の作動流体は、凝縮器６４へと導かれる。凝縮器６４は、膨張機６３にて膨張させた作動流体を凝縮して液化する。凝縮器６４にて液化された作動流体は、ＯＲＣポンプ６５により、上述のように加圧されてＯＲＣ熱交換器６２へと送出される。   The gaseous working fluid that has passed through the expander 63 is guided to the condenser 64. The condenser 64 condenses and liquefies the working fluid expanded by the expander 63. The working fluid liquefied by the condenser 64 is pressurized as described above by the ORC pump 65 and sent to the ORC heat exchanger 62.

以上に説明したように、図１に示すボイラシステム１では、液状のボイラ水を貯溜し、原動機３の排気路３２を流れる排気を熱源としてボイラ水を加熱するボイラ部５０と、ボイラ部５０から液状のボイラ水を送出し、第２循環路５２２を介してボイラ部５０へと循環させる第２ポンプ５５と、掃気路３１上に配置されて掃気路３１を流れる掃気を熱源として第２循環路５２２を流れるボイラ水を加熱する圧縮空気熱交換器５６とが設けられる。   As described above, in the boiler system 1 shown in FIG. 1, the boiler unit 50 that stores liquid boiler water and heats the boiler water using the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 32 of the prime mover 3 as a heat source, and the boiler unit 50 A second pump 55 that sends liquid boiler water and circulates it to the boiler unit 50 via the second circulation path 522, and a second circulation path using the scavenging gas that is disposed on the scavenging path 31 and flows through the scavenging path 31 as a heat source. Compressed air heat exchanger 56 for heating boiler water flowing through 522 is provided.

このように、ボイラシステム１では、船内の蒸気システムへと蒸気を供給するボイラ部５０に、上述の圧縮空気熱交換器５６、第２ポンプ５５および第２循環路５２２を追加することにより、ボイラ部５０のボイラ水の加熱に原動機３に供給される掃気の廃熱も利用することができる。すなわち、ボイラシステム１では、原動機３に係る複数種類の廃熱を利用して簡素な構造にて効率良くボイラ水を加熱することができ、ボイラ水の蒸気を効率良く生成することができる。このようなボイラシステム１の構成は、燃料消費量の低減が要求されるとともに装置の配置スペースに制限がある船舶の補助ボイラシステムに特に適している。   As described above, in the boiler system 1, the above-described compressed air heat exchanger 56, the second pump 55, and the second circulation path 522 are added to the boiler unit 50 that supplies the steam to the steam system in the ship. The waste heat of the scavenging gas supplied to the prime mover 3 can also be used for heating the boiler water of the unit 50. That is, in the boiler system 1, the boiler water can be efficiently heated with a simple structure using a plurality of types of waste heat related to the prime mover 3, and the steam of the boiler water can be generated efficiently. Such a configuration of the boiler system 1 is particularly suitable for an auxiliary boiler system of a ship that requires a reduction in fuel consumption and has a limited space for arranging the apparatus.

ボイラシステム１では、ボイラ部５０が、船舶の煙突から離れた位置に配置されるボイラ本体５１と、ボイラ本体５１から液状のボイラ水を送出して第１循環路５２１を介してボイラ本体５１へと循環させる第１ポンプ５３と、排気路３２上に配置されて第１循環路５２１を流れるボイラ水を加熱する排気熱交換器５４とを備える。これにより、ボイラシステム１のうち、排気路３２上に設けられる構造（すなわち、煙突内に設けられる構造）を小型化、および、簡素化することができる。   In the boiler system 1, the boiler unit 50 is arranged at a position away from the chimney of the ship, and liquid boiler water is sent from the boiler body 51 to the boiler body 51 via the first circulation path 521. And a first pump 53 that circulates, and an exhaust heat exchanger 54 that is disposed on the exhaust passage 32 and heats boiler water that flows through the first circulation passage 521. Thereby, the structure (namely, structure provided in a chimney) provided on the exhaust path 32 among the boiler systems 1 can be reduced in size and simplified.

さらに、ボイラシステム１では、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２、膨張機６３、凝縮器６４およびＯＲＣポンプ６５を備える回収装置６により、ボイラ部５０から圧縮空気熱交換器５６へと送出されたボイラ水から機械的エネルギーを回収することができる。これにより、ボイラ水により回収された原動機３の廃熱を効率良く利用することができる。また、第２循環路５２２を循環するボイラ水を、回収装置６のＯＲＣ熱交換器６２において冷却した後に、圧縮空気熱交換器５６において掃気により加熱することにより、掃気の廃熱をボイラ水に効率良く回収させることができる。   Further, in the boiler system 1, a machine is constructed from boiler water sent from the boiler unit 50 to the compressed air heat exchanger 56 by the recovery device 6 including the ORC heat exchanger 62, the expander 63, the condenser 64, and the ORC pump 65. Energy can be recovered. Thereby, the waste heat of the motor | power_engine 3 collect | recovered with boiler water can be utilized efficiently. In addition, after the boiler water circulating in the second circulation path 522 is cooled in the ORC heat exchanger 62 of the recovery device 6, the waste water of the scavenging is converted into boiler water by heating in the compressed air heat exchanger 56 by scavenging. It can be recovered efficiently.

図２は、本発明の第２の実施の形態に係るボイラシステム１ａの構成を示す図である。ボイラシステム１ａは、図１に示すボイラシステム１と同様に、比較的大型の船舶の補助ボイラシステムとして利用され、過給機付き原動機２の廃熱を利用して媒体であるボイラ水を加熱する。図２に示すボイラシステム１ａでは、図１に示すボイラ部５０に代えて、ボイラ部５０とは構造が異なるボイラ部５０ａが設けられる。ボイラシステム１ａの他の構成は、図１に示すボイラシステム１と同様であり、以下の説明では対応する構成に同符号を付す。   FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a boiler system 1a according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The boiler system 1a is used as an auxiliary boiler system for a relatively large ship, similarly to the boiler system 1 shown in FIG. 1, and heats the boiler water that is a medium by using the waste heat of the motor 2 with a supercharger. . In the boiler system 1a shown in FIG. 2, instead of the boiler unit 50 shown in FIG. 1, a boiler unit 50a having a different structure from the boiler unit 50 is provided. The other structure of the boiler system 1a is the same as that of the boiler system 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to a corresponding structure in the following description.

図２に示すボイラ部５０ａは、液状のボイラ水を貯溜するボイラ本体５１を備える。ボイラ本体５１は、船舶の煙突内において原動機３の排気路３２上に設けられ、排気路３２がボイラ本体５１を貫通する。換言すれば、ボイラ部５０ａは、船舶の煙突内に設けられる、いわゆる「コンポジットボイラ」である。ボイラ部５０ａは、煙管式または水管式のボイラであり、図２では、煙管式のボイラ部５０ａが設けられるものとして説明する。ボイラ部５０ａでは、排気路３２が複数の細管３２１に分岐され、当該複数の細管３２１が、ボイラ本体５１の底部から上部に向けて貫通する。複数の細管３２１は、ボイラ本体５１に貯溜される液状のボイラ水と直接的に接触する。ボイラ部５０ａでは、排気路３２の複数の細管３２１を流れる原動機３の排気により、ボイラ本体５１内のボイラ水が加熱される。   The boiler part 50a shown in FIG. 2 includes a boiler body 51 that stores liquid boiler water. The boiler body 51 is provided on the exhaust path 32 of the prime mover 3 in the chimney of the ship, and the exhaust path 32 penetrates the boiler body 51. In other words, the boiler unit 50a is a so-called “composite boiler” provided in a chimney of a ship. The boiler unit 50a is a smoke tube type or water tube type boiler, and FIG. 2 will be described assuming that a smoke tube type boiler unit 50a is provided. In the boiler part 50 a, the exhaust passage 32 is branched into a plurality of thin tubes 321, and the plurality of thin tubes 321 penetrate from the bottom of the boiler body 51 toward the top. The plurality of thin tubes 321 are in direct contact with liquid boiler water stored in the boiler body 51. In the boiler unit 50a, the boiler water in the boiler body 51 is heated by the exhaust of the prime mover 3 flowing through the plurality of thin tubes 321 of the exhaust passage 32.

ボイラシステム１ａでは、図１に示すボイラシステム１と同様に、原動機３に係る複数種類の廃熱を利用して簡素な構造にて効率良くボイラ水を加熱することができ、ボイラ水の蒸気を効率良く生成することができる。また、ボイラシステム１ａでは、ボイラ部５０ａにおいて、ボイラ本体５１を排気路３２が貫通する位置（すなわち、船舶の煙突内）に配置することにより、ボイラ部５０ａの構造を小型化することができる。これにより、ボイラシステム１ａを小型化することができる。   In the boiler system 1a, similarly to the boiler system 1 shown in FIG. 1, the boiler water can be efficiently heated with a simple structure using a plurality of types of waste heat related to the prime mover 3, and the steam of the boiler water is used. It can be generated efficiently. Moreover, in the boiler system 1a, in the boiler part 50a, the structure of the boiler part 50a can be reduced in size by arrange | positioning the boiler main body 51 in the position (namely, inside the chimney of a ship) where the exhaust passage 32 penetrates. Thereby, the boiler system 1a can be reduced in size.

図３は、本発明の第３の実施の形態に係るボイラシステム１ｂの構成を示す図である。ボイラシステム１ｂでは、図１に示す回収装置６に代えて、回収装置６とは部分的に構造が異なる回収装置６ａが設けられる。回収装置６ａは、回収装置６の各構成に加えてジャケット熱交換器６６をさらに備える。ボイラシステム１ｂの他の構成は、図１に示すボイラシステム１と同様であり、以下の説明では対応する構成に同符号を付す。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a boiler system 1b according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the boiler system 1b, a recovery device 6a having a partially different structure from the recovery device 6 is provided instead of the recovery device 6 shown in FIG. The recovery device 6 a further includes a jacket heat exchanger 66 in addition to the components of the recovery device 6. The other structure of the boiler system 1b is the same as that of the boiler system 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to a corresponding structure in the following description.

ジャケット熱交換器６６は、ＯＲＣ循環路６１において、凝縮器６４からＯＲＣ熱交換器６２へと作動流体を導く配管上に、より具体的には、ＯＲＣポンプ６５とＯＲＣ熱交換器６２との間の配管上に配置される。ジャケット熱交換器６６は、また、原動機３本体の冷却に利用されたジャケット冷却水（すなわち、原動機３本体の廃熱を吸収したジャケット冷却水）が流れるジャケット冷却水配管３５上に配置される。ジャケット熱交換器６６では、原動機３のジャケット冷却水を熱源として、ＯＲＣポンプ６５からＯＲＣ熱交換器６２へと流れる作動流体が、予備的に加熱される。ＯＲＣポンプ６５から送出される作動流体の温度は、例えば、約４０℃であり、原動機３の排気や掃気に比べて低温のジャケット冷却水によっても、作動流体を効率良く加熱することができる。   The jacket heat exchanger 66 is disposed on a pipe that guides the working fluid from the condenser 64 to the ORC heat exchanger 62 in the ORC circuit 61, more specifically, between the ORC pump 65 and the ORC heat exchanger 62. Placed on the pipe. The jacket heat exchanger 66 is also disposed on the jacket cooling water pipe 35 through which the jacket cooling water used for cooling the main body of the prime mover 3 (that is, the jacket cooling water absorbing the waste heat of the prime mover 3 main body) flows. In the jacket heat exchanger 66, the working fluid flowing from the ORC pump 65 to the ORC heat exchanger 62 is preliminarily heated using the jacket cooling water of the prime mover 3 as a heat source. The temperature of the working fluid delivered from the ORC pump 65 is, for example, about 40 ° C., and the working fluid can be efficiently heated even by jacket cooling water having a temperature lower than that of the exhaust or scavenging of the prime mover 3.

図３に示すボイラシステム１ｂでは、図１に示すボイラシステム１と同様に、原動機３に係る複数種類の廃熱を利用して簡素な構造にて効率良くボイラ水を加熱することができ、ボイラ水の蒸気を効率良く生成することができる。また、ボイラシステム１ｂでは、回収装置６ａにおけるエネルギーの回収において、原動機３のジャケット冷却水も利用することにより、原動機３の廃熱をさらに効率良く利用することができる。   In the boiler system 1b shown in FIG. 3, similarly to the boiler system 1 shown in FIG. 1, the boiler water can be efficiently heated with a simple structure using a plurality of types of waste heat related to the prime mover 3. Water vapor can be generated efficiently. Further, in the boiler system 1b, the waste heat of the prime mover 3 can be used more efficiently by using the jacket cooling water of the prime mover 3 in the energy recovery in the recovery device 6a.

図４は、本発明の第４の実施の形態に係るボイラシステム１ｃの構成を示す図である。ボイラシステム１ｃでは、図１に示すボイラ装置５に代えて、ボイラ装置５とは部分的に構造が異なるボイラ装置５ａが設けられる。ボイラ装置５ａは、ボイラ装置５の各構成に加えてジャケット熱交換器６６ａをさらに備える。ボイラシステム１ｃの他の構成は、図１に示すボイラシステム１と同様であり、以下の説明では対応する構成に同符号を付す。   FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a boiler system 1c according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the boiler system 1c, a boiler device 5a having a partially different structure from the boiler device 5 is provided instead of the boiler device 5 shown in FIG. The boiler device 5 a further includes a jacket heat exchanger 66 a in addition to the components of the boiler device 5. The other structure of the boiler system 1c is the same as that of the boiler system 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to a corresponding structure in the following description.

ジャケット熱交換器６６ａは、第２循環路５２２において、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２から圧縮空気熱交換器５６へとボイラ水を導く配管上に配置される。ジャケット熱交換器６６ａは、また、原動機３本体の冷却に利用されたジャケット冷却水（すなわち、原動機３本体の廃熱を吸収したジャケット冷却水）が流れるジャケット冷却水配管３５上に配置される。ジャケット熱交換器６６ａでは、原動機３のジャケット冷却水を熱源として、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２から圧縮空気熱交換器５６へと流れるボイラ水が、予備的に加熱される。   The jacket heat exchanger 66 a is disposed on a pipe that guides boiler water from the ORC heat exchanger 62 to the compressed air heat exchanger 56 in the second circulation path 522. The jacket heat exchanger 66a is also disposed on the jacket cooling water pipe 35 through which the jacket cooling water used for cooling the main body of the prime mover 3 (that is, the jacket cooling water absorbing the waste heat of the prime mover 3 main body) flows. In the jacket heat exchanger 66a, the boiler water flowing from the ORC heat exchanger 62 to the compressed air heat exchanger 56 is preliminarily heated using the jacket cooling water of the prime mover 3 as a heat source.

図４に示すボイラシステム１ｃでは、図１に示すボイラシステム１と同様に、原動機３に係る複数種類の廃熱を利用して簡素な構造にて効率良くボイラ水を加熱することができ、ボイラ水の蒸気を効率良く生成することができる。また、ボイラシステム１ｃでは、ボイラ装置５ａにおけるボイラ水の加熱に、原動機３のジャケット冷却水も利用することにより、原動機３の廃熱をさらに効率良く利用することができるとともに、圧縮空気熱交換器５６を小型化することもできる。   In the boiler system 1c shown in FIG. 4, similarly to the boiler system 1 shown in FIG. 1, the boiler water can be efficiently heated with a simple structure using a plurality of types of waste heat related to the prime mover 3. Water vapor can be generated efficiently. Further, in the boiler system 1c, by using the jacket cooling water of the prime mover 3 for heating the boiler water in the boiler device 5a, the waste heat of the prime mover 3 can be used more efficiently, and the compressed air heat exchanger 56 can also be reduced in size.

図５は、本発明の第５の実施の形態に係るボイラシステム１ｄの構成を示す図である。ボイラシステム１ｄでは、図１に示す回収装置６に代えて、回収装置６とは部分的に構造が異なる回収装置６ｂが設けられる。ボイラシステム１ｄの他の構成は、図１に示すボイラシステム１と同様であり、以下の説明では対応する構成に同符号を付す。   FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a boiler system 1d according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the boiler system 1d, a recovery device 6b having a partially different structure from the recovery device 6 is provided instead of the recovery device 6 shown in FIG. The other structure of the boiler system 1d is the same as that of the boiler system 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the same reference numerals are given to the corresponding structures in the following description.

回収装置６ｂでは、図１に示す膨張機６３に代えて、２段タービンである膨張機６３ａが設けられる。膨張機６３ａは、高圧タービンである第１膨張機６３１と、低圧タービンである第２膨張機６３２とを備える。また、回収装置６ｂは、図１に示す回収装置６の各構成に加え、他のＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａおよび他のＯＲＣポンプ６５ａを備える。以下の説明では、ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２，６２ａを区別するために、それぞれ「第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２」および「第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａ」と呼ぶ。また、ＯＲＣポンプ６５，６５ａを区別するために、それぞれ「第１ＯＲＣポンプ６５」および「第２ＯＲＣポンプ６５ａ」と呼ぶ。   In the recovery device 6b, an expander 63a that is a two-stage turbine is provided in place of the expander 63 shown in FIG. The expander 63a includes a first expander 631 that is a high-pressure turbine and a second expander 632 that is a low-pressure turbine. The recovery device 6b includes another ORC heat exchanger 62a and another ORC pump 65a in addition to the components of the recovery device 6 shown in FIG. In the following description, the ORC heat exchangers 62 and 62a are referred to as “first ORC heat exchanger 62” and “second ORC heat exchanger 62a”, respectively, in order to distinguish them. Further, in order to distinguish the ORC pumps 65 and 65a, they are referred to as “first ORC pump 65” and “second ORC pump 65a”, respectively.

第２ＯＲＣポンプ６５ａは、ＯＲＣ循環路６１において第１ＯＲＣポンプ６５と第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２との間の配管上に配置される。ＯＲＣ循環路６１には、第１ＯＲＣポンプ６５と第２ＯＲＣポンプ６５ａとの間に分岐部６１ａが設けられ、分岐部６１ａにおいてＯＲＣ循環路６１から分岐流路６１１が分岐される。分岐部６１ａから膨張機６３ａへと向かう分岐流路６１１上には、第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａが配置される。第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａは、ボイラ装置５の第２循環路５２２上において第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２と圧縮空気熱交換器５６との間に配置される。   The second ORC pump 65 a is disposed on the piping between the first ORC pump 65 and the first ORC heat exchanger 62 in the ORC circuit 61. In the ORC circulation path 61, a branch portion 61a is provided between the first ORC pump 65 and the second ORC pump 65a, and a branch flow path 611 is branched from the ORC circulation path 61 in the branch portion 61a. A second ORC heat exchanger 62a is disposed on the branch flow path 611 from the branch portion 61a toward the expander 63a. The second ORC heat exchanger 62 a is disposed between the first ORC heat exchanger 62 and the compressed air heat exchanger 56 on the second circulation path 522 of the boiler device 5.

回収装置６ｂでは、凝縮器６４からの作動流体が、第１ＯＲＣポンプ６５により加圧されて分岐部６１ａへと送出される。凝縮器６４から送出された作動流体の一部は、分岐部６１ａにて分岐流路６１１へと分岐されて第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａへと導かれる。また、作動流体の残りの部分は、分岐部６１ａにてＯＲＣ循環路６１へと分岐され、第２ＯＲＣポンプ６５ａによりさらに加圧されて第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２へと導かれる。第２ＯＲＣポンプ６５ａは、第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２に導かれる作動流体の圧力を、第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａに導かれる作動流体の圧力よりも高くする圧力調整部である。   In the recovery device 6b, the working fluid from the condenser 64 is pressurized by the first ORC pump 65 and sent out to the branch portion 61a. A part of the working fluid delivered from the condenser 64 is branched into the branch flow path 611 at the branching portion 61a and led to the second ORC heat exchanger 62a. Further, the remaining portion of the working fluid is branched to the ORC circulation path 61 by the branching portion 61a, further pressurized by the second ORC pump 65a, and guided to the first ORC heat exchanger 62. The second ORC pump 65a is a pressure adjusting unit that makes the pressure of the working fluid guided to the first ORC heat exchanger 62 higher than the pressure of the working fluid guided to the second ORC heat exchanger 62a.

第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２では、第２循環路５２２を流れるボイラ水を熱源として、第２ＯＲＣポンプ６５ａから送出された作動流体が加熱されて気化する。第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２にて気化された作動流体は、膨張機６３ａへと導かれ、第１膨張機６３１に供給される。一方、第２循環路５２２を流れるボイラ水は、第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２において回収装置６ｂの作動流体により冷却され、ボイラ水の温度は、例えば、約１００℃まで低下する。第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２から送出されたボイラ水は、第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａへと導かれる。   In the first ORC heat exchanger 62, the working fluid sent from the second ORC pump 65a is heated and vaporized using the boiler water flowing through the second circulation path 522 as a heat source. The working fluid vaporized by the first ORC heat exchanger 62 is guided to the expander 63a and supplied to the first expander 631. On the other hand, the boiler water flowing through the second circulation path 522 is cooled by the working fluid of the recovery device 6b in the first ORC heat exchanger 62, and the temperature of the boiler water is reduced to about 100 ° C., for example. The boiler water sent from the first ORC heat exchanger 62 is guided to the second ORC heat exchanger 62a.

第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａでは、第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２から送出されたボイラ水（すなわち、第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２から圧縮空気熱交換器５６へと導かれるボイラ水）を熱源として、第１ＯＲＣポンプ６５から送出された作動流体が加熱されて気化する。上述のように、第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａに導かれる作動流体の圧力は、第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２に導かれる作動流体の圧力よりも低いため、第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａにおける作動流体の蒸発温度は、第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２における作動流体の蒸発温度よりも低い。第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａにて気化された作動流体は、膨張機６３ａへと導かれ、第２膨張機６３２に供給される。   In the second ORC heat exchanger 62a, the boiler water sent from the first ORC heat exchanger 62 (that is, boiler water guided from the first ORC heat exchanger 62 to the compressed air heat exchanger 56) is used as a heat source, and the first ORC pump The working fluid delivered from 65 is heated and vaporized. As described above, since the pressure of the working fluid led to the second ORC heat exchanger 62a is lower than the pressure of the working fluid led to the first ORC heat exchanger 62, the evaporation temperature of the working fluid in the second ORC heat exchanger 62a Is lower than the evaporation temperature of the working fluid in the first ORC heat exchanger 62. The working fluid vaporized in the second ORC heat exchanger 62 a is guided to the expander 63 a and supplied to the second expander 632.

一方、ボイラ水は、第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａにおいて回収装置６ｂの作動流体により冷却され、ボイラ水の温度は、例えば、約７０℃まで低下する。第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａから送出されたボイラ水は、圧縮空気熱交換器５６へと導かれ、原動機３の掃気を熱源として加熱された後、ボイラ本体５１へと戻される。   On the other hand, the boiler water is cooled by the working fluid of the recovery device 6b in the second ORC heat exchanger 62a, and the temperature of the boiler water is lowered to about 70 ° C., for example. The boiler water delivered from the second ORC heat exchanger 62a is guided to the compressed air heat exchanger 56, heated with the scavenging of the prime mover 3 as a heat source, and then returned to the boiler body 51.

回収装置６ｂの膨張機６３ａでは、第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２にて気化された作動流体が第１膨張機６３１において膨張し、膨張後の当該作動流体、および、第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａにて気化された作動流体が、第２膨張機６３２において合流して膨張する。そして、膨張機６３ａにおいて作動流体の膨張により回収された機械的エネルギーにより、発電機８における発電が行われる。   In the expander 63a of the recovery device 6b, the working fluid vaporized in the first ORC heat exchanger 62 expands in the first expander 631, and the expanded working fluid and vaporizes in the second ORC heat exchanger 62a. The working fluids that have been joined together in the second expander 632 are expanded. Then, the generator 8 generates power using the mechanical energy recovered by the expansion of the working fluid in the expander 63a.

図５に示すボイラシステム１ｄでは、図１に示すボイラシステム１と同様に、原動機３に係る複数種類の廃熱を利用して簡素な構造にて効率良くボイラ水を加熱することができ、ボイラ水の蒸気を効率良く生成することができる。   In the boiler system 1d shown in FIG. 5, similarly to the boiler system 1 shown in FIG. 1, the boiler water can be efficiently heated with a simple structure using a plurality of types of waste heat related to the prime mover 3. Water vapor can be generated efficiently.

ボイラシステム１ｄでは、回収装置６ｂにおいて、第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２における作動流体の蒸発温度および圧力を高くすることにより、膨張機６３ａにおける熱落差を大きくすることができ、膨張機６３ａによるエネルギーの回収効率を向上することができる。また、第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａにおける作動流体の蒸発温度を第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２における作動流体の蒸発温度よりも低くすることにより、第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２において温度が低下したボイラ水から、効率良く熱を回収することができる。ボイラ装置５では、第１ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２にて冷却されたボイラ水を、第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器６２ａにおいてさらに冷却することにより、圧縮空気熱交換器５６における掃気温度とボイラ水の温度との差をより一層大きくすることができる。その結果、圧縮空気熱交換器５６における掃気の廃熱の回収効率を向上することができる。   In the boiler system 1d, by increasing the evaporation temperature and pressure of the working fluid in the first ORC heat exchanger 62 in the recovery device 6b, the heat drop in the expander 63a can be increased, and energy recovery by the expander 63a is performed. Efficiency can be improved. In addition, by lowering the evaporation temperature of the working fluid in the second ORC heat exchanger 62a to be lower than the evaporation temperature of the working fluid in the first ORC heat exchanger 62, it is possible to reduce the Heat can be recovered well. In the boiler device 5, the boiler water cooled in the first ORC heat exchanger 62 is further cooled in the second ORC heat exchanger 62a, whereby the difference between the scavenging temperature in the compressed air heat exchanger 56 and the temperature of the boiler water. Can be further increased. As a result, scavenging waste heat recovery efficiency in the compressed air heat exchanger 56 can be improved.

上述のボイラシステム１，１ａ〜１ｄでは、様々な変更が可能である。   Various modifications can be made in the above-described boiler systems 1 and 1a to 1d.

流量制御部５７は三方弁には限定されず、例えば、循環ポンプが流量制御部５７として利用されてもよい。あるいは、第２ポンプ５５として流量を制御可能なインバータポンプが利用され、第１測定部５８１から出力される測定値等に基づいて、第２循環路５２２を流れてボイラ本体５１へと戻るボイラ水の流量が制御されてもよい。この場合、当該インバータポンプの流量制御部分が、流量制御部５７となる。   The flow control unit 57 is not limited to a three-way valve, and for example, a circulation pump may be used as the flow control unit 57. Alternatively, an inverter pump capable of controlling the flow rate is used as the second pump 55, and boiler water that returns to the boiler body 51 through the second circulation path 522 based on the measurement value output from the first measurement unit 581 or the like. The flow rate may be controlled. In this case, the flow rate control part of the inverter pump is the flow rate control unit 57.

膨張機６３，６３ａは、必ずしもタービンには限定されず、例えば、スクリュー膨張機であってもよい。図５に示すボイラシステム１ｄでは、第２ＯＲＣポンプ６５ａに代えて、減圧弁が分岐流路６１１上に圧力調整部として設けられてもよい。   The expanders 63 and 63a are not necessarily limited to turbines, and may be screw expanders, for example. In the boiler system 1 d shown in FIG. 5, a pressure reducing valve may be provided on the branch flow path 611 as a pressure adjusting unit instead of the second ORC pump 65 a.

ボイラシステム１，１ａ〜１ｄでは、ボイラ水に代えて、熱媒油等の様々な媒体が利用されてもよい。ボイラシステム１，１ａ〜１ｄのボイラ装置５，５ａにおける媒体として熱媒油が利用される場合、ボイラ装置５，５ａでは媒体の蒸気は生成されず、ボイラ装置５，５ａにより加熱された液状の熱媒油が、船内の燃料油、潤滑油、生活用水等の加熱源等として利用される。ボイラシステム１ｂ〜１ｄでは、ボイラ部５０に代えて、図２に示すボイラ部５０ａが設けられてもよい。   In the boiler systems 1 and 1a to 1d, various media such as heat transfer oil may be used instead of the boiler water. When heat transfer oil is used as the medium in the boiler devices 5 and 5a of the boiler systems 1 and 1a to 1d, no steam is generated in the boiler devices 5 and 5a, and the liquid state heated by the boiler devices 5 and 5a is used. The heat transfer oil is used as a heating source for fuel oil, lubricating oil, domestic water, etc. in the ship. In the boiler systems 1b to 1d, instead of the boiler unit 50, a boiler unit 50a shown in FIG.

原動機３は、例えば、４サイクル・ディーゼルエンジンであってもよい。この場合、コンプレッサ４２により加圧された吸気である圧縮空気は「給気」と呼ばれ、掃気路３１は給気路と呼ばれる。また、原動機３は、ディーゼルエンジン以外の内燃機関であってもよく、内燃機関以外の原動機であってもよい。原動機３は、船舶の主機関以外の様々な用途に利用されてよく、ボイラシステム１，１ａ〜１ｄも、船舶の補助ボイラシステム以外の他の用途に利用されてよい。   The prime mover 3 may be a four-cycle diesel engine, for example. In this case, the compressed air that is the intake air pressurized by the compressor 42 is called “air supply”, and the scavenging path 31 is called an air supply path. The prime mover 3 may be an internal combustion engine other than a diesel engine or a prime mover other than the internal combustion engine. The prime mover 3 may be used for various purposes other than the main engine of the ship, and the boiler systems 1 and 1a to 1d may also be used for other uses other than the auxiliary boiler system of the ship.

上記実施の形態および各変形例における構成は、相互に矛盾しない限り適宜組み合わされてよい。   The configurations in the above-described embodiments and modifications may be combined as appropriate as long as they do not contradict each other.

１，１ａ〜１ｄ ボイラシステム
３ 原動機
６，６ａ，６ｂ 回収装置
３１ 掃気路
３２ 排気路
５０，５０ａ ボイラ部
５１ ボイラ本体
５３ 第１ポンプ
５４ 排気熱交換器
５５ 第２ポンプ
５６ 圧縮空気熱交換器
５７ 流量制御部
６２ （第１）ＯＲＣ熱交換器
６２ａ 第２ＯＲＣ熱交換器
６３，６３ａ 膨張機
６４ 凝縮器
６５ （第１）ＯＲＣポンプ
６５ａ 第２ＯＲＣポンプ
６６，６６ａ ジャケット熱交換器
５２１ 第１循環路
５２２ 第２循環路
５８１ 第１測定部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1a-1d Boiler system 3 Motor | power_engine 6,6a, 6b Recovery apparatus 31 Scavenging path 32 Exhaust path 50, 50a Boiler part 51 Boiler main body 53 1st pump 54 Exhaust heat exchanger 55 2nd pump 56 Compressed air heat exchanger 57 Flow control unit 62 (first) ORC heat exchanger 62a second ORC heat exchanger 63, 63a expander 64 condenser 65 (first) ORC pump 65a second ORC pump 66, 66a jacket heat exchanger 521 first circulation path 522 Second circulation path 581 First measurement unit

Claims (10)

ボイラシステムであって、
液状の媒体を貯溜し、原動機の排気路を流れる排気を熱源として媒体を加熱するボイラ部と、
前記ボイラ部から液状の媒体を送出し、循環路を介して前記ボイラ部へと循環させるポンプと、
加圧された吸気である圧縮空気を前記原動機へと導く加圧吸気路上に配置され、前記加圧吸気路を流れる圧縮空気を熱源として前記循環路を流れる媒体を加熱する圧縮空気熱交換器と、
を備えることを特徴とするボイラシステム。 A boiler system,
A boiler section for storing a liquid medium and heating the medium by using exhaust flowing through the exhaust passage of the prime mover as a heat source;
A pump for sending a liquid medium from the boiler unit and circulating it to the boiler unit via a circulation path;
A compressed air heat exchanger that is disposed on a pressurized intake passage that guides compressed air that is pressurized intake air to the prime mover, and that heats the medium flowing through the circulation passage using the compressed air flowing through the pressurized intake passage as a heat source; ,
A boiler system comprising: 請求項１に記載のボイラシステムであって、
前記ボイラ部が、
液状の媒体を貯溜するボイラ本体と、
前記ボイラ本体から液状の媒体を送出し、他の循環路を介して前記ボイラ本体へと循環させる他のポンプと、
前記排気路上に配置され、前記排気路を流れる前記原動機の排気を熱源として前記他の循環路を流れる媒体を加熱する排気熱交換器と、
を備えることを特徴とするボイラシステム。 The boiler system according to claim 1,
The boiler section is
A boiler body for storing a liquid medium;
A liquid medium sent out from the boiler body, and another pump circulating through the other circulation path to the boiler body;
An exhaust heat exchanger that is disposed on the exhaust path and heats a medium flowing through the other circulation path using the exhaust of the prime mover flowing through the exhaust path as a heat source;
A boiler system comprising: 請求項１に記載のボイラシステムであって、
前記ボイラ部が、液状の媒体を貯溜するとともに前記排気路が貫通するボイラ本体を備え、
前記排気路を流れる排気により前記ボイラ本体内の媒体が加熱されることを特徴とするボイラシステム。 The boiler system according to claim 1,
The boiler unit includes a boiler body that stores a liquid medium and through which the exhaust passage passes,
The boiler system in which the medium in the boiler body is heated by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage. 請求項１ないし３のいずれかに記載のボイラシステムであって、
前記ボイラ部における媒体の圧力または温度を測定して測定値を出力する測定部と、
前記測定値に基づいて前記圧縮空気熱交換器から前記ボイラ部へと導かれる媒体の流量を制御する流量制御部と、
をさらに備え、
前記測定値が小さくなるに従って、前記流量制御部により前記流量が減少することを特徴とするボイラシステム。 The boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A measurement unit that measures the pressure or temperature of the medium in the boiler unit and outputs a measurement value;
A flow rate control unit for controlling the flow rate of a medium guided from the compressed air heat exchanger to the boiler unit based on the measured value;
Further comprising
The boiler system, wherein the flow rate is reduced by the flow rate control unit as the measured value decreases. 請求項１ないし４のいずれかに記載のボイラシステムであって、
前記循環路上に配置され、前記ボイラ部から送出された媒体からエネルギーを回収する回収装置をさらに備え、
前記回収装置が、
前記循環路において前記ボイラ部から前記圧縮空気熱交換器へと媒体を導く配管上に配置され、前記循環路を流れる媒体を熱源として有機媒体である作動流体を加熱して気化するＯＲＣ熱交換器と、
前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器にて気化された作動流体を膨張させて機械的エネルギーを回収する膨張機と、
前記膨張機にて膨張させた作動流体を凝縮して液化する凝縮器と、
前記凝縮器にて液化された作動流体を前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器へと送出するＯＲＣポンプと、
を備えることを特徴とするボイラシステム。 The boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A recovery device that is disposed on the circulation path and recovers energy from a medium sent from the boiler unit;
The recovery device is
An ORC heat exchanger that is disposed on a pipe that guides a medium from the boiler section to the compressed air heat exchanger in the circulation path, and that heats and vaporizes the working fluid that is an organic medium using the medium flowing through the circulation path as a heat source. When,
An expander that expands the working fluid vaporized in the ORC heat exchanger and recovers mechanical energy;
A condenser that condenses and liquefies the working fluid expanded by the expander;
An ORC pump for delivering the working fluid liquefied in the condenser to the ORC heat exchanger;
A boiler system comprising: 請求項５に記載のボイラシステムであって、
前記回収装置が、
前記凝縮器から前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器へと作動流体を導く配管上に配置され、前記原動機のジャケット冷却水を熱源として作動流体を加熱するジャケット熱交換器をさらに備えることを特徴とするボイラシステム。 The boiler system according to claim 5,
The recovery device is
A boiler system, further comprising a jacket heat exchanger that is disposed on a pipe that guides a working fluid from the condenser to the ORC heat exchanger and that heats the working fluid using jacket cooling water of the prime mover as a heat source. 請求項５に記載のボイラシステムであって、
前記循環路において前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器から前記圧縮空気熱交換器へと媒体を導く配管上に配置され、前記原動機のジャケット冷却水を熱源として媒体を加熱するジャケット熱交換器をさらに備えることを特徴とするボイラシステム。 The boiler system according to claim 5,
The jacket further includes a jacket heat exchanger that is disposed on a pipe that guides the medium from the ORC heat exchanger to the compressed air heat exchanger in the circulation path, and heats the medium using jacket cooling water of the prime mover as a heat source. Boiler system. 請求項５ないし７のいずれかに記載のボイラシステムであって、
前記回収装置が、
前記凝縮器から送出された作動流体の一部が分岐されて導かれ、前記循環路において前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器から前記圧縮空気熱交換器へと導かれる媒体を熱源として、作動流体の前記一部を加熱して気化する他のＯＲＣ熱交換器と、
前記ＯＲＣ熱交換器に導かれる作動流体の圧力を、前記他のＯＲＣ熱交換器に導かれる作動流体の圧力よりも高くする圧力調整部と、
をさらに備え、
前記他のＯＲＣ熱交換器にて気化された作動流体も前記膨張機へと導かれることを特徴とするボイラシステム。 The boiler system according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
The recovery device is
A part of the working fluid delivered from the condenser is branched and guided, and the part of the working fluid is used as a heat source in the circulation path from the ORC heat exchanger to the compressed air heat exchanger. With other ORC heat exchangers that heat and vaporize
A pressure adjusting unit that makes the pressure of the working fluid led to the ORC heat exchanger higher than the pressure of the working fluid led to the other ORC heat exchanger;
Further comprising
The boiler system characterized in that the working fluid vaporized in the other ORC heat exchanger is also led to the expander. 請求項１ないし８のいずれかに記載のボイラシステムであって、
前記媒体が、ボイラ水であり、
前記ボイラ部において、前記ボイラ水の蒸気が生成されることを特徴とするボイラシステム。 The boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The medium is boiler water;
In the boiler unit, the boiler water steam is generated. 請求項１ないし９のいずれかに記載のボイラシステムであって、
前記原動機が、船舶の主機関であり、
前記ボイラ部が、前記船舶の補助ボイラであることを特徴とするボイラシステム。 The boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
The prime mover is a main engine of a ship;
The boiler system, wherein the boiler unit is an auxiliary boiler for the ship.
JP2013146075A 2013-07-12 2013-07-12 Boiler system Expired - Fee Related JP6214252B2 (en)

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