JP2015014055A - Cellulose fabric for frp - Google Patents
Cellulose fabric for frp Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015014055A JP2015014055A JP2013139948A JP2013139948A JP2015014055A JP 2015014055 A JP2015014055 A JP 2015014055A JP 2013139948 A JP2013139948 A JP 2013139948A JP 2013139948 A JP2013139948 A JP 2013139948A JP 2015014055 A JP2015014055 A JP 2015014055A
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- warp
- weft
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- woven
- fabric
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009787 hand lay-up Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000003251 Pruritus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007803 itching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
本発明は、繊維強化プラスチック（ＦＲＰ）を製造する際に用いるセルロース織物に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a cellulosic fabric used when producing fiber reinforced plastic (FRP).
従来より、ＦＲＰはガラス繊維織物や炭素繊維織物に硬化性樹脂を含浸させて製造している。特に、ガラス繊維織物を用いたＦＲＰは、強度に優れ安価であるため、種々の分野で多用されている。しかしながら、ガラス繊維織物を用いたＦＲＰは、焼却によって廃棄する際に、焼却炉内でガラス繊維が溶融して固着し、焼却炉が毀損され、その寿命が短くなるという欠点があった。また、ＦＲＰを製造する際に、ガラス繊維が飛散して、作業者の皮膚に付着し、痛みやかゆみを生じさせるという欠点もあった。 Conventionally, FRP is manufactured by impregnating a curable resin into a glass fiber fabric or a carbon fiber fabric. In particular, FRP using a glass fiber fabric is widely used in various fields because of its excellent strength and low cost. However, the FRP using the glass fiber fabric has a drawback that when it is discarded by incineration, the glass fiber is melted and fixed in the incinerator, the incinerator is damaged, and its life is shortened. Moreover, when manufacturing FRP, there also existed a fault that glass fiber scattered and adhered to an operator's skin, and caused pain and itching.
このため、ガラス繊維織物に代えて、セルロース織物を採用することが提案されている（特許文献１、特許請求の範囲）。特許文献１には、セルロース織物を構成するセルロース繊維として、有機系溶剤を用いて木質パルプを紡糸したセルロース繊維を用いることが記載されている（特許文献１、３頁３〜２９行目）。そして、このセルロース繊維よりなる紡績糸を用いて、平織組織で織成した織物を採用することも記載されている（特許文献１、３頁３０〜３９行目）。 For this reason, it is proposed to use a cellulose fabric instead of the glass fiber fabric (Patent Document 1, Claims). Patent Document 1 describes that cellulose fibers obtained by spinning wood pulp using an organic solvent are used as cellulose fibers constituting a cellulose fabric (Patent Document 1, page 3, lines 3 to 29). It is also described that a woven fabric woven with a plain weave structure using a spun yarn made of cellulose fibers is employed (Patent Document 1, page 3, lines 30 to 39).
特許文献１記載のＦＲＰは、焼却によって廃棄する場合、セルロース織物は燃焼により二酸化炭素及び水蒸気となるから、焼却炉を毀損することはない。また、ＦＲＰの製造時に、セルロース繊維が飛散しても、ガラス繊維のような痛みやかゆみを生じさせない。したがって、ガラス繊維織物に代えて、セルロース織物を採用することが試みられている。しかしながら、セルロース平織物の場合には、ガラス繊維織物と同様の機械的強度等の物性を実現するためには、経糸及び緯糸密度を高くしなければならないということがあった。しかるに、平織物は、経糸及び緯糸が上下に交互に浮沈する組織であるから、経糸及び緯糸密度を高くするには限界があった。すなわち、平織物の場合、隣り合う経糸又は緯糸を重ねて織成することはできないから、経糸又は緯糸の太さによって、経糸密度及び緯糸密度が決定されてしまうのである。また、隣り合う経糸及び緯糸が密着するようにして織成し、限界まで高密度にすると、平織物に全く空隙がなく、硬化性樹脂を塗布した後に、硬化性樹脂内の気泡を脱泡することができないという欠点があった。 When the FRP described in Patent Document 1 is discarded by incineration, the cellulose fabric becomes carbon dioxide and water vapor by combustion, so that the incinerator is not damaged. Further, even when cellulose fibers are scattered during the production of FRP, pain and itching like glass fibers are not caused. Therefore, it has been attempted to employ a cellulose fabric instead of the glass fiber fabric. However, in the case of a cellulose plain fabric, in order to realize the same physical strength and other physical properties as the glass fiber fabric, the warp and weft densities have to be increased. However, since the plain woven fabric has a structure in which the warp and the weft are alternately floated up and down, there is a limit to increasing the warp and the weft density. That is, in the case of a plain woven fabric, adjacent warp yarns or weft yarns cannot be woven together, so the warp yarn density and the weft yarn density are determined by the thickness of the warp yarn or the weft yarn. Also, when weaving so that adjacent warp and weft are in close contact with each other and increasing the density to the limit, there is no void in the plain woven fabric, and after applying the curable resin, bubbles in the curable resin may be degassed. There was a disadvantage that it was not possible.
本発明の課題は、経糸密度及び緯糸密度を高密度化しながら、なおかつ、硬化性樹脂の脱泡のための貫通孔を持つＦＲＰ用セルロース織物を提供しようというものである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a cellulosic fabric for FRP having a through hole for defoaming a curable resin while increasing the warp density and the weft density.
本発明は、ＦＲＰ用セルロース織物を工夫された織組織で織成することにより、上記課題を解決したものである。すなわち、本発明は、経方向及び緯方向に、その径が０．３〜０．７ｍｍである貫通孔が配列しているセルロース織物であり、緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔の間には３本以上の経糸群が密接に重なり合って存在し、経方向に隣り合う貫通孔の間には３本以上の緯糸群が密接に重なり合って存在し、貫通孔に接する経糸及び緯糸は、上下に交互に浮沈する組織で織成されており、貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の経糸は、経方向に隣り合う貫通孔間で上下に浮沈しない組織で織成されており、貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の緯糸は、緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔間で上下に浮沈しない組織で織成されていることを特徴とするＦＲＰ用セルロース織物に関するものである。 This invention solves the said subject by weaving the cellulose fabric for FRP with the woven structure which was devised. That is, the present invention is a cellulose fabric in which through holes having a diameter of 0.3 to 0.7 mm are arranged in the warp direction and the weft direction, and there are three between the through holes adjacent in the weft direction. The above warp groups are closely overlapped, and three or more weft groups are closely overlapped between adjacent through holes in the warp direction, and the warp and wefts in contact with the through holes are alternately turned up and down. At least one warp that is woven with a floating structure and does not contact the through hole is woven with a structure that does not float vertically between the through holes adjacent in the warp direction, and at least one that does not contact the through hole The weft of the book relates to a cellulosic fabric for FRP, which is woven with a structure that does not float up and down between through holes adjacent in the weft direction.
本発明に係るセルロース織物は、経方向及び緯方向に、その径が０．３〜０．７ｍｍである貫通孔が配列している。貫通孔が経方向及び緯方向に配列しているというのは、図１に示す如き状態を示している。すなわち、貫通孔１（図１で黒色の方形部位）が経方向に一定の間隔を置いて配列しており、緯方向にも一定の間隔を置いて配列していることを意味している。貫通孔１の径は、０．３〜０．７ｍｍである。貫通孔１の径が０．３ｍｍ未満であると、塗布した硬化性樹脂の気泡を脱泡しにくくなるので、好ましくない。また、貫通孔１の径が０．７ｍｍ以上になると、セルロース織物の機械的強度等の物性が低下するので、好ましくない。貫通孔１の形状は方形や円形などの任意の形状となっているが、その径とは最長の長さ（最大径）のことを意味している。なお、この径を測定するには、たとえば、デジタルマイクロスコープＶＨＸ−１０００（キーエンス社製）を用いれば、容易に行うことができる。 In the cellulose fabric according to the present invention, through-holes having a diameter of 0.3 to 0.7 mm are arranged in the warp direction and the weft direction. The fact that the through holes are arranged in the longitudinal direction and the weft direction indicates a state as shown in FIG. That is, it means that the through holes 1 (black square portions in FIG. 1) are arranged at a certain interval in the longitudinal direction and are arranged at a certain interval in the weft direction. The diameter of the through hole 1 is 0.3 to 0.7 mm. If the diameter of the through hole 1 is less than 0.3 mm, it is difficult to defoam bubbles of the applied curable resin, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the diameter of the through hole 1 is 0.7 mm or more, the physical properties such as mechanical strength of the cellulose fabric are deteriorated, which is not preferable. The shape of the through hole 1 is an arbitrary shape such as a square or a circle, and the diameter means the longest length (maximum diameter). Note that this diameter can be easily measured by using, for example, a digital microscope VHX-1000 (manufactured by Keyence Corporation).
本発明に係るセルロース織物は、以下のような織組織となっている。すなわち、緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔１の間には３本以上の経糸群が密接に重なり合って存在し、経方向に隣り合う貫通孔１の間には３本以上の緯糸群が密接に重なり合って存在し、貫通孔１に接する経糸及び緯糸は、上下に交互に浮沈する組織で織成されており、貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の経糸は、経方向に隣り合う貫通孔間で上下に浮沈しない組織で織成されており、貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の緯糸は、緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔間で上下に浮沈しない組織で織成されているものである。かかる織組織について、模式図である図２に基づいて説明する。なお、図２は単に織組織を説明するための模式図であって、経糸及び緯糸が重なり合わないようになっているなど、現実とは異なるものである。現実は、図１に示す如く、経糸及び緯糸は密接に重なり合っている。 The cellulose fabric according to the present invention has the following woven structure. That is, there are three or more warp groups closely overlapping between the through holes 1 adjacent in the weft direction, and three or more weft groups closely overlapping between the through holes 1 adjacent in the warp direction. The warp and weft that are in contact with the through-hole 1 are woven in a structure that floats up and down alternately, and at least one warp that is not in contact with the through-hole is vertically moved between adjacent through-holes in the warp direction. At least one weft not contacting the through hole is woven with a structure that does not float up and down between the adjacent through holes in the weft direction. Such a woven structure will be described with reference to FIG. 2 which is a schematic diagram. Note that FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for simply explaining the woven structure, and is different from the actual situation such that warp and weft are not overlapped. Actually, as shown in FIG. 1, the warp and the weft are closely overlapped.
緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔１ａ及び１ｂの間には、５本の経糸群２ａ，２ｘ，２ｙ，２ｚ及び２ａが存在する。図２では、織組織を説明するため、経糸群２ａ，２ｘ，２ｙ，２ｚ及び２ａは重なり合っていないが、現実には、経糸２ａ及び２ｘ、経糸２ｘ及び２ｙ、経糸２ｙ及び２ｚ、経糸２ｚ及び２ａは密接に重なり合って存在する。同様に、緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔１ｂ及び１ｃの間にも、５本の経糸群２ａ，２ｘ，２ｙ，２ｚ及び２ａが存在する。さらに、貫通孔１ｄ及び１ｅ、貫通孔１ｅ及び１ｆの間にも、５本の経糸群２ａ，２ｘ，２ｙ，２ｚ及び２ａが存在する。また、経方向に隣り合う貫通孔１ａ及び１ｄの間には、５本の緯糸群３ａ，３ｘ，３ｙ，３ｚ及び３ａが存在する。緯糸群３ａ，３ｘ，３ｙ，３ｚ及び３ａについても、現実には、緯糸３ａ及び３ｘ、緯糸３ｘ及び３ｙ、緯糸３ｙ及び３ｚ、緯糸３ｚ及び３ａは密接に重なり合って存在する。また、貫通孔１ｂ及び１ｅ、貫通孔１ｃ及び１ｆの間にも、５本の緯糸群３ａ，３ｘ，３ｙ，３ｚ及び３ａが存在する。 Between the through holes 1a and 1b adjacent in the weft direction, there are five warp groups 2a, 2x, 2y, 2z and 2a. In FIG. 2, the warp groups 2a, 2x, 2y, 2z and 2a are not overlapped to explain the woven structure, but in reality, the warps 2a and 2x, the warps 2x and 2y, the warps 2y and 2z, the warps 2z and 2a exists closely overlapping. Similarly, five warp groups 2a, 2x, 2y, 2z, and 2a exist also between the through holes 1b and 1c adjacent in the weft direction. Furthermore, five warp groups 2a, 2x, 2y, 2z and 2a exist between the through holes 1d and 1e and the through holes 1e and 1f. In addition, there are five weft groups 3a, 3x, 3y, 3z and 3a between the through holes 1a and 1d which are adjacent in the warp direction. Regarding the weft groups 3a, 3x, 3y, 3z and 3a, in reality, the wefts 3a and 3x, the wefts 3x and 3y, the wefts 3y and 3z, and the wefts 3z and 3a are closely overlapped. There are also five weft groups 3a, 3x, 3y, 3z and 3a between the through holes 1b and 1e and the through holes 1c and 1f.
ここで、貫通孔１ａに接する経糸２ａは、上下に交互に浮沈する組織で織成されている。すなわち、経糸２ａは緯糸３ａの上に浮き、次に緯糸３ｘの下に沈み、次に緯糸３ｙの上に浮き、次に緯糸３ｚの下に沈み、次に、緯糸３ａの上に浮いた組織となっている。貫通孔１ｂに接する左側の経糸２ａは、緯糸３ａの上に浮き、緯糸３ｘの下に沈み、緯糸３ｙの上に浮き、緯糸３ｚの下に沈み、緯糸３ａの上に浮いた組織となっている。貫通孔１ｂに接する右側の経糸２ａは、緯糸３ａの下に沈み、緯糸３ｘの上に浮き、緯糸３ｙの下に沈み、緯糸３ｚの上に浮き、緯糸３ａの下に沈んだ組織となっている。また、貫通孔１ａに接する緯糸３ａも、上下に交互に浮沈する組織で織成されており、図２の左側から、経糸２ａの下に沈み、経糸２ｘの上に浮き、経糸２ｙの下に沈み、経糸２ｚの上に浮き、経糸２ａの下に沈み、次いで貫通孔１ｂを隔てて、経糸２ａの上に浮き、経糸２ｘの下に沈み、経糸２ｙの上に浮き、経糸２ｚの下に沈み、経糸２ａの上に浮いた組織となっている。以上のように、貫孔孔１ａ，１ｂ，１ｃ，１ｄ，１ｅ及び１ｆに接する経糸２ａ及び緯糸３ａは、上下に交互に浮沈する組織で織成されている。かかる組織は経糸２ａ及び緯糸３ａがずれにくく、貫通孔１の形態を確実に保持しうるのである。 Here, the warp 2a in contact with the through hole 1a is woven with a structure that floats up and down alternately. That is, the warp 2a floats on the weft 3a, then sinks below the weft 3x, then floats on the weft 3y, then sinks below the weft 3z, and then floats on the weft 3a. It has become. The left warp 2a in contact with the through hole 1b floats on the weft 3a, sinks under the weft 3x, floats on the weft 3y, sinks under the weft 3z, and floats on the weft 3a. Yes. The right warp 2a in contact with the through hole 1b sinks under the weft 3a, floats on the weft 3x, sinks under the weft 3y, floats on the weft 3z, and sinks under the weft 3a. Yes. Further, the weft 3a in contact with the through-hole 1a is also woven with a structure that alternately floats up and down. From the left side of FIG. 2, the weft 3a sinks under the warp 2a, floats over the warp 2x, and under the warp 2y. Sink, float above the warp 2z, sink below the warp 2a, then float through the through hole 1b, float above the warp 2a, sink below the warp 2x, float above the warp 2y, below the warp 2z It becomes a structure that sinks and floats on the warp 2a. As described above, the warp yarn 2a and the weft yarn 3a in contact with the through-holes 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f are woven with a structure that alternately floats up and down. In such a structure, the warp 2a and the weft 3a are not easily displaced, and the form of the through hole 1 can be reliably held.
貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の経糸は、経方向に隣り合う貫通孔間で上下に浮沈しない組織で織成されており、貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の緯糸は、緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔間で上下に浮沈しない組織で織成されている。これを具体的に説明すると、以下のとおりである。図２において、貫通孔１ａ，１ｂに接しない経糸は、経糸２ｘ，２ｙ及び２ｚである。このうち、経糸２ｘ及び２ｚは、貫通孔１ａ及び１ｄと貫通孔１ｂ及び１ｅ間において、緯糸３ａ，３ｘ，３ｙ，３ｚ及び３ａの下に沈んだままで全く浮沈のない組織となっている。また、貫通孔１ｂ、１ｃに接しない経糸も、経糸２ｘ，２ｙ及び２ｚであり、このうち、経糸２ｘ及び２ｚは、貫通孔１ｂ及び１ｅと貫通孔１ｃ及び１ｆ間において、緯糸３ａ，３ｘ，３ｙ，３ｚ及び３ａの上に浮いたままで全く浮沈のない組織となっている。なお、図２中では、経糸２ｙについては、上下に交互に浮沈する組織となっている。一方、貫通孔に接しない緯糸は、緯糸３ｘ，３ｙ及び３ｚであり、このうち、緯糸３ｘ及び３ｚが、貫通孔１ａ及び１ｂ間で、経糸２ａ，２ｘ，２ｙ，２ｚ及び２ａの上に浮いた組織となっており、貫通孔１ｂ及び１ｃ間では、経糸２ａ，２ｘ，２ｙ，２ｚ及び２ａの下に沈んだ組織となっている。なお、緯糸３ｙについては、上下に交互に浮沈する組織となっている。以上のとおり、貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の経糸及び緯糸が、隣り合う貫通孔間で上に浮いたまま、又は下に沈んだままとなって浮沈しない組織となっているので、隣り合う経糸及び緯糸を密接に重なり合って織成することが可能となる。したがって、セルロース織物の経糸密度及び緯糸密度を高くすることができ、セルロース織物を機械的強度を高くすることができる。 At least one warp not in contact with the through hole is woven with a structure that does not float up and down between the adjacent through holes in the warp direction, and at least one weft not in contact with the through hole is adjacent in the weft direction. It is woven with a structure that does not float up and down between the through holes. This will be specifically described as follows. In FIG. 2, the warps that do not contact the through holes 1a and 1b are the warps 2x, 2y, and 2z. Among these, the warp yarns 2x and 2z have a structure in which there is no floating at all between the through-holes 1a and 1d and the through-holes 1b and 1e while remaining below the wefts 3a, 3x, 3y, 3z and 3a. The warp yarns that do not contact the through holes 1b and 1c are also warp yarns 2x, 2y, and 2z. Of these, the warp yarns 2x and 2z are between the through holes 1b and 1e and the through holes 1c and 1f, and the weft yarns 3a, 3x, It is a structure that floats on 3y, 3z, and 3a and has no ups and downs. In FIG. 2, the warp 2y has a structure that alternately floats up and down. On the other hand, the wefts that do not contact the through hole are the wefts 3x, 3y, and 3z. Among these, the wefts 3x and 3z float on the warps 2a, 2x, 2y, 2z, and 2a between the through holes 1a and 1b. The structure between the through holes 1b and 1c is a structure that sank under the warps 2a, 2x, 2y, 2z, and 2a. The weft 3y has a structure that floats up and down alternately. As described above, since at least one warp and weft that do not contact the through-holes float up between adjacent through-holes, or remain down, and have a structure that does not float up and down. It becomes possible to weave the warp and weft closely overlapping each other. Therefore, the warp density and the weft density of the cellulose fabric can be increased, and the mechanical strength of the cellulose fabric can be increased.
本発明に係るセルロース織物は、その組織によって、経方向及び緯方向に配列している貫通孔の形態を確実に保持することができるので、塗布した硬化性樹脂の気泡を、この貫通孔から脱泡することができ、得られるＦＲＰ中に気泡が残存しにくくなるという効果を奏する。また、本発明に係るセルロース織物は、その組織によって、経糸密度及び緯糸密度を高密度化できるので、セルロース織物自体の機械的強度等の物性が良好となる。以上の結果、セルロース織物を使用しているにも拘わらず、得られるＦＲＰの曲げ強度や曲げ弾性率も高くなるという効果を奏する。 The cellulosic fabric according to the present invention can reliably hold the shape of the through-holes arranged in the warp direction and the weft direction depending on the structure, so that the air bubbles of the applied curable resin are removed from the through-holes. There is an effect that bubbles can be formed and bubbles hardly remain in the obtained FRP. Moreover, since the cellulose fabric which concerns on this invention can make a warp density and a weft density high according to the structure | tissue, physical properties, such as mechanical strength of cellulose fabric itself, become favorable. As a result, although the cellulose woven fabric is used, there is an effect that the bending strength and bending elastic modulus of the obtained FRP are increased.
本発明で用いる経糸及び緯糸としては、任意のセルロース糸が用いられる。特に、公知のリヨセル繊維よりなる紡績糸を用いるのが好ましい。リヨセル繊維は、有機系溶剤を用いてユーカリから得られたパルプを紡糸した得られたものであり、機械的強度に優れているからである。紡績糸の番手（太さ）も任意であるが、１０〜４０番手程度が好ましい。４０番手を超えると紡績糸の強度が低下する傾向が生じ、１０番手未満であると平坦な織物を織成しにくい傾向となる。また、紡績糸の撚係数は、２．２〜４．０程度であるのが好ましい。撚係数が２．２未満であると紡績糸の強度が低下する傾向が生じ、４．０を超えると紡績糸に撚り縮みが生じ平坦な織物を織成しにくい傾向となる。なお、撚係数とは、以下の式で算出されるものである。すなわち、Ｋ＝Ｔ／Ｎ1/2（ここで、Ｋは撚係数であり、Ｔは１インチ長さにおける撚数であり、Ｎは紡績糸の番手である。）である。 Arbitrary cellulose yarn is used as the warp and weft used in the present invention. In particular, it is preferable to use a spun yarn made of a known lyocell fiber. This is because the lyocell fiber is obtained by spinning a pulp obtained from eucalyptus using an organic solvent and is excellent in mechanical strength. The count (thickness) of the spun yarn is also arbitrary, but is preferably about 10 to 40. If it exceeds 40, the strength of the spun yarn tends to decrease, and if it is less than 10, it tends to be difficult to weave a flat fabric. The twist coefficient of the spun yarn is preferably about 2.2 to 4.0. If the twisting coefficient is less than 2.2, the strength of the spun yarn tends to decrease. If it exceeds 4.0, the spun yarn tends to twist and shrink, and it becomes difficult to weave a flat fabric. The twist coefficient is calculated by the following formula. That is, K = T / N 1/2 (where K is a twist coefficient, T is the number of twists in a length of 1 inch, and N is a yarn count).
本発明に係るセルロース織物を織成するときの組織は、たとえば、図２に示した組織であってもよいし、図３に示した組織であってもよい。図３に示した組織は意匠図であって、貫通孔が形成される箇所が分かりにくくなっているが、図３中に丸印で示した箇所に貫通孔が形成されるものである。図２及び図３に示した組織以外にも種々の組織を採用しうる。すなわち、緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔の間に３本以上の経糸群が密接に重なり合って存在し、経方向に隣り合う貫通孔の間にも３本以上の緯糸群が密接に重なり合って存在し、貫通孔に接する経糸及び緯糸が、上下に交互に浮沈する組織で織成されており、貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の経糸は、経方向に隣り合う貫通孔間で上下に浮沈しない組織で織成されており、貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の緯糸は、緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔間で上下に浮沈しない組織で織成されていれば、その他の組織であっても差し支えない。 The structure when weaving the cellulose fabric according to the present invention may be, for example, the structure shown in FIG. 2 or the structure shown in FIG. The structure shown in FIG. 3 is a design drawing, and it is difficult to understand the place where the through hole is formed. However, the through hole is formed at the place indicated by a circle in FIG. Various organizations other than those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 can be adopted. That is, there are three or more warp groups closely overlapping between the through holes adjacent in the weft direction, and there are three or more weft groups closely overlapping between the through holes adjacent in the warp direction. The warp and weft that are in contact with the through hole are woven with a structure that floats up and down alternately, and at least one warp that does not contact the through hole does not float up and down between the through holes adjacent in the warp direction. The at least one weft yarn that is woven in and that does not contact the through-holes may be another structure as long as it is woven with a structure that does not float up and down between the adjacent through-holes in the weft direction. .
本発明に係るセルロース織物の引張強さは５００Ｎ以上であるのが好ましい。また、経方向と緯方向における引張強さは同程度が好ましく、具体的には、両者の比が０．８〜１．２の範囲であるのが好ましい。引張強さが５００Ｎ未満になると、機械的強度等の物性が低下する傾向が生じる。また、経方向と緯方向における引張強さの比が０．８未満であったり１．２を超えると、得られるＦＲＰにも経方向と緯方向で強度差が大きくなる傾向が生じる。なお、セルロース織物の引張強さは、ＪＩＳ Ｌ １０９６に記載の方法に準拠した測定したものである。 The tensile strength of the cellulose fabric according to the present invention is preferably 500 N or more. Further, the tensile strength in the warp direction and the weft direction is preferably about the same, and specifically, the ratio between the two is preferably in the range of 0.8 to 1.2. When the tensile strength is less than 500 N, the physical properties such as mechanical strength tend to decrease. If the ratio of the tensile strength in the warp direction to the weft direction is less than 0.8 or exceeds 1.2, the resulting FRP also tends to have a large strength difference between the warp direction and the weft direction. In addition, the tensile strength of a cellulose fabric is measured based on the method described in JIS L 1096.
ＦＲＰを製造する際に用いる樹脂は、従来公知の各種樹脂を用いることができる。たとえば、熱硬化性樹脂や熱可塑性樹脂を用いることができる。一般的には、熱硬化性樹脂等の硬化性樹脂が用いられる。硬化性樹脂としては、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ユリア樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂等が挙げられるが、一般的には不飽和ポリエステル樹脂が用いられる。 Conventionally known various resins can be used as the resin used in manufacturing the FRP. For example, a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin can be used. Generally, a curable resin such as a thermosetting resin is used. Examples of the curable resin include a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, a melamine resin, a urea resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, an alkyd resin, a polyurethane resin, and the like. Generally, an unsaturated polyester resin is used.
本発明に係るセルロース織物に樹脂を塗布する方法も、ハンドレイアップ法、スプレーアップ法又はＳＭＣプレス法等の従来公知の方法を採用することができる。特に、本発明に係るセルロース織物の場合、セルロース織物に樹脂を塗布し、脱泡しながら、セルロース織物と樹脂を多重に積層するハンドレイアップ法やスプレーアップ法を採用するのが好ましい。 As a method of applying a resin to the cellulose fabric according to the present invention, a conventionally known method such as a hand lay-up method, a spray-up method, or an SMC press method can be employed. In particular, in the case of the cellulose fabric according to the present invention, it is preferable to employ a hand lay-up method or a spray-up method in which a cellulose fabric and a resin are laminated in layers while applying a resin to the cellulose fabric and degassing it.
実施例１
（経糸及び緯糸の準備）
平均単糸直径が１１μｍで平均繊維長が３８ｍｍのリヨセル繊維（レンチング社製）を用い、混打綿、梳綿、練条、粗紡、精紡の通常の紡績工程で、撚係数３．６で３０番手の紡績糸を得た。この紡績糸を経糸及び緯糸とした。
（セルロース織物の製織）
エアージェットＺＡ（津田駒工業社製のエアージェット織機）を用い、上記した経糸及び緯糸で、図３の意匠図に示した組織で、経糸密度９０本／インチ、緯糸密度９０本／インチのセルロース織物を得た。このセルロース織物には、図３の丸印を付した箇所に、０．６８ｍｍ径の貫通孔が設けられていた。なお、このセルロース織物の目付は１７０ｇ／ｍ2で、経方向の引張強さは９９０Ｎで緯方向の引張強さは９４０Ｎであった。
（ＦＲＰの製造）
上記したセルロース織物を三層にすると共に、硬化性樹脂としてユピカ４５０５（日本ユピカ社製の不飽和ポリエステル樹脂）を用いて、ハンドレイアップ法にて脱泡しながら、３００ｍｍ×３００ｍｍの大きさのＦＲＰ成型板を得た。このＦＲＰ成型板中におけるセルロース織物と硬化樹脂の質量割合は、セルロース織物：硬化樹脂＝３８：６２であった。このＦＲＰ成型板の曲げ強度は１７０ＭＰａであり、曲げ弾性率は６．３ＧＰａであった。なお、曲げ強度及び曲げ弾性率は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ６９１１に記載の方法に準拠して測定した。
Example 1
(Preparation of warp and weft)
Using a lyocell fiber (manufactured by Lenzing) having an average single yarn diameter of 11 μm and an average fiber length of 38 mm, a normal spinning process of blended cotton, cotton wool, kneading, roving and fine spinning, with a twist coefficient of 3.6 30th spun yarn was obtained. This spun yarn was used as warp and weft.
(Weaving cellulose fabric)
Cellulose with a warp density of 90 yarns / inch and a weft density of 90 yarns / inch in the structure shown in the design diagram of FIG. A woven fabric was obtained. The cellulose woven fabric was provided with a 0.68 mm diameter through hole at a location marked with a circle in FIG. The basis weight of this cellulose fabric was 170 g / m 2 , the tensile strength in the warp direction was 990 N, and the tensile strength in the weft direction was 940 N.
(FRP production)
While making the above cellulose fabric into three layers and using Iupica 4505 (unsaturated polyester resin made by Nippon Iupika Co., Ltd.) as a curable resin, it is 300 mm × 300 mm in size while defoaming by the hand lay-up method. An FRP molded plate was obtained. The mass ratio of the cellulose fabric and the cured resin in this FRP molded plate was cellulose fabric: cured resin = 38: 62. The FRP molded plate had a bending strength of 170 MPa and a flexural modulus of 6.3 GPa. In addition, bending strength and a bending elastic modulus were measured based on the method of JISK6911.
実施例２
（経糸及び緯糸の準備）
平均単糸直径が１３．８μｍで平均繊維長が３０ｍｍのリヨセル繊維（レンチング社製）を用い、混打綿、梳綿、練条、粗紡、精紡の通常の紡績工程で、撚係数３．８で１５番手の紡績糸を得た。この紡績糸を経糸及び緯糸とした。
（セルロース織物の製織）
エアージェットＺＡ（津田駒工業社製のエアージェット織機）を用い、上記した経糸及び緯糸で、図３の意匠図に示した組織で、経糸密度７６本／インチ、緯糸密度７６本／インチのセルロース織物を得た。このセルロース織物には、図３の丸印を付した箇所に、０．６５ｍｍ径の貫通孔が設けられていた。なお、このセルロース織物の目付は２２０ｇ／ｍ2で、経方向の引張強さは１５３０Ｎで緯方向の引張強さは１３９０Ｎであった。
（ＦＲＰの製造）
実施例１の場合と同一の方法で、３００ｍｍ×３００ｍｍの大きさのＦＲＰ成型板を得た。このＦＲＰ成型板中におけるセルロース織物と硬化樹脂の質量割合は、セルロース織物：硬化樹脂＝４０：６０であった。このＦＲＰ成型板の曲げ強度は１８５ＭＰａであり、曲げ弾性率は６．７ＧＰａであった。
Example 2
(Preparation of warp and weft)
Using a lyocell fiber (manufactured by Lenzing) having an average single yarn diameter of 13.8 μm and an average fiber length of 30 mm, a twisting factor of 3. 8 gave 15th spun yarn. This spun yarn was used as warp and weft.
(Weaving cellulose fabric)
Cellulose with a warp density of 76 / inch and a weft density of 76 / inch with the structure shown in the design diagram of FIG. A woven fabric was obtained. This cellulose fabric was provided with a through-hole having a diameter of 0.65 mm at the location marked with a circle in FIG. The basis weight of this cellulose fabric was 220 g / m 2 , the tensile strength in the warp direction was 1530 N, and the tensile strength in the weft direction was 1390 N.
(FRP production)
By the same method as in Example 1, an FRP molded plate having a size of 300 mm × 300 mm was obtained. The mass ratio of the cellulose fabric and the cured resin in the FRP molded plate was cellulose fabric: cured resin = 40: 60. The bending strength of this FRP molded plate was 185 MPa, and the bending elastic modulus was 6.7 GPa.
１，１ａ，１ｂ，１ｃ，１ｄ，１ｅ，１ｆ 貫通孔
２ａ，２ｘ，２ｙ，２ｚ 経糸
３ａ，３ｘ，３ｙ，３ｚ 緯糸
1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f Through hole 2a, 2x, 2y, 2z Warp 3a, 3x, 3y, 3z Weft
Claims (3)
緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔の間には３本以上の経糸群が密接に重なり合って存在し、経方向に隣り合う貫通孔の間には３本以上の緯糸群が密接に重なり合って存在し、
貫通孔に接する経糸及び緯糸は、上下に交互に浮沈する組織で織成されており、
貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の経糸は、経方向に隣り合う貫通孔間で上下に浮沈しない組織で織成されており、貫通孔に接しない少なくとも１本の緯糸は、緯方向に隣り合う貫通孔間で上下に浮沈しない組織で織成されていることを特徴とするＦＲＰ用セルロース織物。 A cellulose fabric in which through holes having a diameter of 0.3 to 0.7 mm are arranged in the warp direction and the weft direction,
There are three or more warp groups closely overlapping between the through holes adjacent in the weft direction, and there are three or more weft groups closely overlapping between the through holes adjacent in the warp direction,
The warp and weft in contact with the through hole are woven with a structure that alternately floats up and down,
At least one warp not in contact with the through hole is woven with a structure that does not float up and down between the adjacent through holes in the warp direction, and at least one weft not in contact with the through hole is adjacent in the weft direction. A cellulose woven fabric for FRP, which is woven with a structure that does not float up and down between through holes.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000192351A (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-07-11 | Nitto Boseki Co Ltd | Glass fiber woven fabric and laminated sheet using the same as reinforcing material |
| JP2002054270A (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-20 | Toray Ind Inc | Basic material for reinforcement |
| JP2003027349A (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-29 | Sakai Composite Kk | Woven fabric for reinforcement |
| WO2004052967A1 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-24 | Caco Chemical Inc. | Plant fiber reinforced plastic formed article |
| JP2006138031A (en) * | 2004-11-11 | 2006-06-01 | Toray Ind Inc | Reinforcing fiber substrate, preform and method for producing them |
| JP2008013886A (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-24 | Sakai Sangyo Kk | Reinforcing fiber fabric |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000192351A (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-07-11 | Nitto Boseki Co Ltd | Glass fiber woven fabric and laminated sheet using the same as reinforcing material |
| JP2002054270A (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-20 | Toray Ind Inc | Basic material for reinforcement |
| JP2003027349A (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-29 | Sakai Composite Kk | Woven fabric for reinforcement |
| WO2004052967A1 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-24 | Caco Chemical Inc. | Plant fiber reinforced plastic formed article |
| JP2006138031A (en) * | 2004-11-11 | 2006-06-01 | Toray Ind Inc | Reinforcing fiber substrate, preform and method for producing them |
| JP2008013886A (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-24 | Sakai Sangyo Kk | Reinforcing fiber fabric |
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