JP2010144646A - Windmill blade - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a highly durable windmill which reduces wear of a windmill blade of the windmill caused by collision of flying particles, and is used in an area where strong wind occurs. <P>SOLUTION: In the windmill including an outer skin 4 forming a blade shape on the outside of a main girder, as the outer skin 4, a fiber reinforced compound material containing at least one kind of a reinforcing fiber of an organic high polymer fiber having 12-60 cN/dtex or less tensile strength, 500-3000 cN/dtex or less tensile elasticity, and 2% or more and 10% or less rupture elongation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind turbine blade excellent in durability applied to wind power generation and the like.

  Wind power generation is expected as a next-generation power generation technology that can produce clean energy. A practical problem of the wind power generation apparatus is to improve the power generation efficiency, and there are appropriate selection of an installation place and an increase in the size of the apparatus as means for that.

  The heart of the wind power generator is a windmill, and the windmill blades used for wind power generation are about 250 m in length and about 12 m long, and about 18 m in the 400 to 500 kW class. For this reason, an increase in weight becomes a problem, and both high mechanical strength and light weight are required. To solve this problem, glass fiber reinforced composite materials have been used for the outer skin and main girders of wind turbine blades to reduce weight and increase strength. To further reduce weight, the outer skin is reinforced with glass fibers. Studies such as making the composite material into a double structure have been made (see Patent Document 1).

In addition, in order to further improve the power generation efficiency, it is necessary to appropriately select a wind turbine installation location such as an area where strong winds are generated for a long period of time. When it is a strong wind generation area and an area without an obstacle, it is limited to a desert area or a coastal area. In such an area, due to the impact of flying particles such as sand due to strong winds, the durability of the wind turbine blades is significantly reduced due to this impact wear. The damage to the outer skin caused by flying particles causes moisture intrusion into the wind turbine blade, which leads to unbalanced weight and further deterioration of the material. Therefore, improvement in durability is required.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-279818

  An object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine blade that is excellent in durability by reducing wear caused by collision of incoming particles on the wind turbine blade of the wind turbine.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has achieved as a result of earnest research, and adopts the following configuration. That is, the present invention
-In a wind turbine blade provided with an outer skin forming a blade shape outside the main girder, the outer skin has a tensile strength of 12 cN / dtex to 60 cN / dtex, a tensile modulus of 500 cN / dtex to 3000 cN / dtex, and a tensile elongation at break A wind turbine blade comprising a fiber-reinforced composite material containing at least one kind of organic polymer fibers of 2% or more and 10% or less as a reinforcing fiber;
The first organic polymer fiber is a high-strength polyethylene fiber having a tensile strength of 12 cN / dtex to 60 cN / dtex, a tensile modulus of 500 cN / dtex to 2500 cN / dtex, and a tensile elongation at break of 2% to 10%. Windmill wing as described,
The high molecular weight polyparaphenylenebenzbisoxazole having a tensile strength of 30 cN / dtex to 60 cN / dtex, a tensile modulus of 1000 cN / dtex to 2500 cN / dtex, and a tensile elongation at break of 2% to 10%. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the wind turbine blade is a fiber.

  The wind turbine blade of the present invention uses a fiber-reinforced composite material that uses organic polymer fibers having high elastic modulus, high strength, and high elongation at break as a reinforcing fiber. High durability can be exhibited even in areas where strong winds occur. As a result, a wind turbine for wind power generation with high power generation efficiency can be provided.

  The wind turbine blade of the present invention has a tensile strength of 12 cN / dtex to 60 cN / dtex, preferably 13 cN / dtex to 50 cN / dtex, and a tensile elastic modulus of 500 cN / dtex or more and 3000 cN / dtex or less, preferably 550 cN / dtex or more and 2800 cN / dtex or less, tensile elongation at break 2.0% or more and 10% or less, preferably 2.3% or more and 8.5% or less It is characterized by using a fiber reinforced composite material using polymer fibers as reinforcing fibers.

  The wind turbine blade according to the present invention can prevent wear due to flying particle collisions by the outer skin made of the fiber-reinforced composite material. That is, according to the present invention, even when flying particles are received by a fiber-reinforced composite material using the organic polymer fiber as a reinforcing fiber, the collision wear can be reduced by the following action.

  That is, the impact energy of flying particles is at least one type of ductile polymer having a tensile elongation at break of 2.0% to 10%, preferably 2.3% to 8.5%, which is a reinforcing fiber. It is absorbed and stopped by sufficient deformation of the fiber. Since the inorganic fiber has brittleness, it does not deform enough to absorb energy due to particle collision, and breakage occurs. If the tensile breaking elongation of the organic polymer fiber is less than 2%, the fiber breaks before the energy of the flying particles can be sufficiently absorbed, and wear fracture occurs. On the other hand, when the tensile elongation at break exceeds 10%, the matrix resin does not follow the deformation of the organic fiber and interface fracture occurs.

  The tensile strength of the organic polymer fiber in the present invention is 12 cN / dtex or more and 60 cN / dtex or less, preferably 13 cN / dtex or more and 50 cN / dtex or less. When the tensile strength is less than 12 cN / dtex, the fiber breaks in a state where the collision energy from the flying particles cannot be sufficiently absorbed, and breakage occurs. On the other hand, if the tensile strength exceeds 60 cN / dtex, the surroundings of the matrix resin and the like are broken.

  The tensile elastic modulus of the organic polymer fiber in the present invention is 500 cN / dtex or more and 3000 cN / dtex or less, preferably 550 cN / dtex or more and 2800 cN / dtex or less. When the tensile elastic modulus is less than 500 cN / dtex, the deformation due to the collision of incoming particles becomes large, and there is a possibility that the fiber will break beyond the breaking elongation. Alternatively, the fiber / matrix interface may be destroyed. On the other hand, when the tensile elastic modulus exceeds 3000 cN / dtex, there is a possibility that the fiber breaks in a state where deformation due to flying particle collision does not occur.

  Specific examples of the organic polymer fiber used in the present invention include high-strength polyethylene fiber, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber, and para-aramid fiber.

  The organic polymer fiber in the present invention may be used as a single type, or a plurality of types may be used in combination. Moreover, you may mix and use the organic polymer fiber or inorganic fiber which does not correspond to the said organic polymer fiber. Examples of organic polymer fibers that do not correspond to the organic polymer fibers with the above specific physical properties include polyester fibers, nylon fibers, cellulose fibers, wool, acrylic fibers and other clothing fibers, meta-aramid fibers, and polybenzimidazole fibers. Etc. Examples of the inorganic fiber herein include carbon fiber, glass fiber, alumina fiber, zirconia fiber, silica fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and titania fiber. Moreover, although it is the form of the fiber itself used for this invention, any of a long fiber and a cut fiber may be sufficient. Furthermore, in the case of use as a long fiber, any of a woven fabric, a filament, and a nonwoven fabric may be sufficient.

  Examples of the form of fiber reinforcement in the fiber-reinforced composite material referred to in the present invention include textile reinforcement, filament winding, extrusion molding, pultrusion molding, and sheet winding.

  Examples of the matrix resin of the fiber reinforced composite material in the present invention include epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins, urethane resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyester resins, nylon resins, and urethane acrylate resins, with epoxy resins being preferred.

  The fiber volume ratio (Vf) of the fiber-reinforced composite material in the present invention is 10% to 90%, preferably 40% to 80%. If Vf is less than 10%, the performance of the fiber in the present invention is not expressed. On the other hand, if Vf is 90% or more, the impregnation of the matrix resin between the fibers becomes insufficient, and the characteristics as a fiber-reinforced composite material are not exhibited.

  The wind turbine blade outer skin made of the fiber reinforced composite material according to the present invention may be made of the fiber reinforced composite material alone, and the fiber reinforced composite material is arranged on the outside and the glass fiber reinforced composite material is arranged on the inside. It is good also as a double structure. A plastic foam may be disposed inside the outer skin.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. However, the following examples are not intended to limit the present invention, and all modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the gist of the preceding and following descriptions. Is done.

The experimental method used in the present invention is shown below.
(Tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation at break)
Using “Tensilon” manufactured by Orientic Co., Ltd., the strain-stress curve was measured under the conditions of a sample length of 200 mm and an elongation rate of 50% / min. Under an ambient temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65%. The tensile strength (cN / dtex) and elongation (%) were calculated from the above. The elastic modulus (cN / dtex) was calculated from the tangent that gives the maximum gradient near the origin of the curve. In addition, each value used the average value of 10 times of measured values. In order to prevent the fiber from slipping during the test, a tire cord type tension jig was used for the test.
In the fineness measurement, about 2 m of each single yarn was taken out, the weight of the single yarn 1 m was measured, and converted to 10000 m to obtain the fineness (dtex).
(Durability evaluation)
The prepared fiber reinforced composite material plate and windmill wing skin were placed on the coast (sand dunes) of Tottori Prefecture for one year, and the weight change of each was measured.

Example 1
A woven fabric having a plain weave structure made of high-strength polyethylene fiber as reinforcing fiber; Dyneema (registered trademark) SK60 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was used. The fiber bundle used had a fineness of 1320 dtex, a weave density of 15 warps / inch and 14 wefts / inch. As a matrix resin, Epicoat 827 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), acid anhydride curing agent HN5500 (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), and Epomate BMI-12 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) at a weight ratio of 100/85/1 are mixed. The reinforced fiber fabric was impregnated to make a prepreg. Using this, a fiber reinforced composite material plate having a length of 1 m, a width of 1 m, a thickness of 1 cm, and a fiber volume ratio of 55% was obtained (FIG. 1). The curing conditions were 120 ° C. × 2 hours. In addition, a windmill blade skin having a plate thickness of 4 mm, a blade length of 13 m, and a blade width of 1.2 m was also produced (FIG. 2). Each durability evaluation result is shown in Table 1.

(Example 2)
A plain weave fabric made of high-strength polyethylene fiber as reinforcing fiber; Dyneema (registered trademark) SK71 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was used. The fiber bundle used had a fineness of 1320 dtex, a weave density of 15 warps / inch and 14 wefts / inch. As a matrix resin, Epicoat 1001 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), Epicoat 828 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), Epicoat 154 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), dicyandiamide and dichlorophenyldimethylurea (Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.) are used in a weight ratio of 40. What was mixed at / 10/50/4/4 was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a plate material of a fiber reinforced composite material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3
A plain weave fabric composed of high-strength PBO fiber; Zylon (registered trademark) HM manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was used as the reinforcing fiber. The fiber bundle used had a fineness of 1060 dtex, a weave density of 15 warps / inch and 14 wefts / inch. As a matrix resin, Epicoat 827 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), acid anhydride curing agent HN5500 (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), and Epomate BMI-12 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) at a weight ratio of 100/85/1 are mixed. Was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a plate material of a fiber reinforced composite material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 4
A plain high-woven fabric made of melted high-strength polyethylene fiber as a reinforcing fiber; Tunuga (registered trademark) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was used. The fiber bundle used had a fineness of 440 dtex, a weave density of 15 warps / inch and 14 wefts / inch. As the matrix resin, a mixture of Epicoat 827 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), acid anhydride curing agent HN5500 (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), and Epomate BMI-12 (Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) at a weight ratio of 100/85/1. Using. In the same manner as in Example 1, a plate material of a fiber reinforced composite material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 5)
A plain weave fabric composed of aramid fiber: Kevlar (registered trademark) 49 was used as the reinforcing fiber. The fiber bundle used had a fineness of 1060 dtex, a weave density of 15 warps / inch and 14 wefts / inch. As a matrix resin, Epicoat 827 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), acid anhydride curing agent HN5500 (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), and Epomate BMI-12 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) are mixed at a weight ratio of 100/85/1. Was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a plate material of a fiber reinforced composite material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 6)
A fiber reinforced composite material having a sandwich structure and a fiber reinforced composite material having a two-layer structure including a portion using a high-strength polyethylene fiber plain weave fabric and a portion using a glass fiber plain weave fabric as reinforcing fibers were prepared.
That is, as the high-strength polyethylene fiber, a Dyneema (registered trademark) SK60 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. having a fineness of 1320 dtex was used, and a plain weave fabric having a warp density of 15 / inch and a weft of 14 / inch was used. As the glass fiber, Nittobo E-glass fiber IPC7628 having a basis weight of 209 g / m ² was used. As a matrix resin, Epicoat 1001 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), Epicoat 828 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), Epicoat 154 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), dicyandiamide, dichlorophenyldimethylurea (manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.) What was mixed at 40/10/50/4/4 was impregnated into a laminate of the above reinforcing fiber fabrics to obtain a prepreg.
Using this, in the same manner as in Example 1, fiber reinforced with a laminated structure of high strength polyethylene fiber reinforced composite material / glass fiber reinforced composite material / high strength polyethylene fiber reinforced composite material each having a thickness of 2 mm / 6 mm / 2 mm A composite plate was obtained (FIG. 3).
In addition, the wind turbine blade outer skin has a plate thickness of 4 mm, a blade length of 13 m, a blade width of 1.2 m, and a two-layer structure of high-strength polyethylene fiber reinforced composite material / glass fiber reinforced composite material (1.6 mm / 2.4 mm). (FIG. 4).
The results evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

(Example 7)
A plain weave fabric using high-strength polyethylene fiber as the warp yarn; Dyneema (registered trademark) SK60 and glass fiber (Nittobo Co., Ltd .; E-glass (registered trademark)) as the weft yarn was used as the reinforcing fiber fabric. The weave density was 15 / inch for 2640 dtex of Dyneema (registered trademark) SK60 in the warp direction and 44 / inch for glass fiber 1320 dtex in the weft direction. The matrix resin is a mixture of Epicoat 827 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), acid anhydride curing agent HN5500 (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) and Epomate BMI-12 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) at a weight ratio of 100/85/1. Was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a plate material of a fiber reinforced composite material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 8)
High-strength polyethylene fibers (Dyneema (registered trademark) SK60 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and plain weave fabrics using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers as wefts were used as reinforcing fiber fabrics. The weave density was 2640 dtex of Dyneema SK60. 15 / inch, PET fiber 1320 dtex at 44 / inch, matrix resin includes Epicoat 827 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), acid anhydride curing agent HN5500 (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), Epomate BMI-12 (Japan) (Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) mixed at a weight ratio of 100/85/1 was used, and a fiber reinforced composite material plate and windmill blade skin were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 9
A woven fabric having a 2/1 twill structure composed of high-strength PBO fiber; The fiber bundle used was Zylon (registered trademark) AM having a fineness of 1670 dtex, a weave density of 15 warps / inch, and 15 wefts / inch. The matrix resin is a mixture of Epicoat 827 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), acid anhydride curing agent HN5500 (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), and Epomate BMI-12 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) at a weight ratio of 100/85/1. Was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a plate material of a fiber reinforced composite material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 1)
A plain woven fabric made of glass fiber was used as the reinforcing fiber. The fiber bundle used had a fineness of 1000 dtex, a weave density of 15 warps / inch and 14 wefts / inch. As the matrix resin, Epicoat 1001 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), Epicoat 828 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), Epicoat 154 (Japan Epoxy Resin), dicyandiamide, dichlorophenyldimethylurea (manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.) in a weight ratio of 40. What was mixed at / 10/50/4/4 was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a plate material of a fiber reinforced composite material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 2)
A plain woven fabric made of carbon fiber was used as the reinforcing fiber. The fiber bundle used was a PAN-based carbon fiber with a fineness of 1000 dtex, a weave density of 15 warps / inch and 14 wefts / inch. As a matrix resin, Epicoat 1001 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), Epicoat 828 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), Epicoat 154 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), dicyandiamide, dichlorophenyldimethylurea (manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.) What was mixed at 40/10/50/4/4 was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a plate material of a fiber reinforced composite material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 3)
A plain weave fabric made of alumina was used as the reinforcing fiber. The fiber bundle used had a fineness of 550 dtex, a weave density of 15 warps / inch and 14 wefts / inch. As a matrix resin, Epicoat 1001 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), Epicoat 828 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), Epicoat 154 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin), dicyandiamide, dichlorophenyldimethylurea (manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.) What was mixed at 40/10/50/4/4 was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a plate material of a fiber reinforced composite material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 4)
A plain weave fabric made of PET fibers was used as the reinforcing fiber. The fiber bundle used had a fineness of 1380 dtex, a weave density of 15 warps / inch and 14 wefts / inch. The matrix resin is a mixture of Epicoat 827 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), acid anhydride curing agent HN5500 (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), and Epomate BMI-12 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) at a weight ratio of 100/85/1. Was used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a plate material of a fiber reinforced composite material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 5)
Only matrix resin was used without using reinforcing fibers. The resin is a mixture of Epicoat 827 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), acid anhydride curing agent HN5500 (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), and Epomate BMI-12 (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) at a weight ratio of 100/85/1. Using. A plate material and a wind turbine blade outer skin were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

  From Table 1, it can be seen that the wind turbine blade of the present invention has significantly improved durability.

  The wind turbine blade of the present invention has improved durability against wear caused by flying particle collision, and can be used for wind power generation for a long time even in a strong wind region. This enables low-cost and high-efficiency wind power generation and contributes to the industry.

It is the schematic which shows typically the external appearance shape of a fiber reinforced composite material board | plate material. It is the schematic which shows the shape of a windmill blade cross section typically. It is the schematic which shows the structure of a sandwich type fiber reinforced composite material typically. It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows the fiber reinforced composite material part which comprises the windmill blade outer skin of a two-layer structure.

Explanation of symbols

1: Plate material of fiber reinforced composite material 2: Wind turbine blade outer shell 3: Wind turbine blade main girder 4: High-strength polyethylene fiber reinforced composite material 5: Glass fiber reinforced composite material 6: Airborne particles

Claims (3)

  In a wind turbine blade provided with an outer skin that forms a blade shape outside the main girder, the outer skin has a tensile strength of 12 cN / dtex to 60 cN / dtex, a tensile modulus of 500 cN / dtex to 3000 cN / dtex, and a tensile breaking elongation of 2 A wind turbine blade comprising a fiber reinforced composite material containing at least one kind of organic polymer fibers of 10% to 10% as reinforcing fibers.   The organic polymer fiber is a high-strength polyethylene fiber having a tensile strength of 12 cN / dtex to 60 cN / dtex, a tensile modulus of 500 cN / dtex to 2500 cN / dtex and a tensile elongation at break of 2% to 10%. The windmill wing described.   The organic polymer fiber is a high-strength polyparaphenylenebenzbisoxazole fiber having a tensile strength of 30 cN / dtex to 60 cN / dtex, a tensile modulus of 1000 cN / dtex to 2500 cN / dtex, and a tensile elongation at break of 2% to 10%. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1.