JP2015010453A - Tile laying method and outer wall - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tile laying method and an outer wall capable of making it hard to lead to exfoliation even if partial peel-off occurs in any interface in a laminate structure, by improving integrated indivisibility of the laminate structure formed in a space up tp a tile from a backing mortar layer.SOLUTION: The tile laying method is provided for arranging a sticking mortar layer 3 and a tile 4 in order on the outside of a backing mortar layer 2, and the sticking mortar layer 3 is formed by coating sticking mortar 3a on a surface of the backing mortar layer 2, turning down a net 3b in the sticking mortar 3a, and further coating the sticking mortar 3a so as to cover the net 3b.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tile construction method and an outer wall tiled by the tile construction method.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 6 (A), the installation of the exterior tile to the RC frame at the time of new construction generally forms the base mortar layer 52 and the tension mortar layer 53 in this order on the surface of the frame concrete 51. This is done by attaching a tile 54 to the outside. The finished outer wall has a laminated structure that is sequentially bonded from the concrete frame 51 to the tile 54. If the ambient temperature and humidity change with changes in temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, etc., the outer wall will change due to the difference in temperature and humidity expansion coefficient. Each of the layers 51, 52, and 53 expands and contracts differently. Therefore, differential movements that become shear stress repeatedly occur over time at the interfaces (adhesion interfaces) 55 and 56 between the respective layers of the outer wall. Then, peeling occurs at the interfaces 55 and 56 where the shear strength is reduced due to the accumulation of fatigue, and this peeling further expands and leads to peeling. In recent years, the mechanism described above is considered to be the main cause of tile peeling and peeling over time.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, the back surface of the tile 54 is provided with a dovetail-shaped back foot 54a, and the tile 54 is difficult to be peeled off from the tension mortar layer 53 by the mechanical restraining force. Therefore, in the state where the back mortar 54a is sufficiently filled with the tensioning mortar, the peeling at the interface between the tensioning mortar layer 53 and the tile 54 can be ignored.

  On the other hand, when renovating the outer wall of a building, a method of removing the old outer wall to form a new outer wall or a method of stacking the outer wall on the outside without removing the old outer wall is adopted. There is. In any of the methods, the newly installed outer wall usually has a laminated structure in which mortar and tiles are sequentially bonded. Therefore, as in the case of the new construction described above, the tiles are also peeled off due to the occurrence of the differential movement. It can be a problem.

  In view of this, various methods that can be applied to new construction work and renovation work have been proposed in order to prevent the tile from falling off.

  One example will be described with reference to FIG. In the construction method for forming the outer wall shown in the figure, a base-adjusting cement-based coating material 58 and a net-system body-adhering cement-based coating material 59 are sequentially applied to an existing outer wall 57 of a concrete frame, and then a net-structure body 60. Paste in a lint-free state. Then, after the curing, the anchor pin 61 is driven and fixed from the outside of the net structure 60 to the inside of the concrete frame, and the net structure 60 is pressed by a washer 62 set inserted therein. A cement-based coating material 63 for attaching a finishing material is applied to a certain thickness so as to cover the entire anchor pin 61, and the tile 64 is attached and fixed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  According to the above construction method, even if peeling occurs at the interface between the cement-based coating material 58 for adjusting the groundwork and the cement-based coating material 59 for attaching the net structure, the net structure 60 presses the interface from the outside. It is thought that it becomes difficult to be connected to exfoliation.

Japanese Patent No. 2832430

  However, in the above-described construction method, the layer composed of the cement paste coating material 63 for finishing material pasting formed on the outside of the net structure 60 cannot naturally be pressed from the outside by the net structure 60. Further, since the cement-based coating material 63 for attaching the finishing material is applied after curing (after curing) of the cement-based coating material 59 for attaching the net structure, the layer composed of the cement-based coating material 59 for attaching the net structure and the finish material are attached. An interface is formed with the layer made of the cement-based coating material 63 for use. In order to prevent peeling at this interface, the net structure 60 is fluffed by the above method, but if the fluffing state is insufficient, peeling at the interface and thus peeling may occur easily. .

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned matters, and the object thereof is to improve the integral inseparability of the laminated structure formed between the base mortar layer and the tile, even if any of the laminated structures are included. An object of the present invention is to provide a tiled construction method and an outer wall that can be made difficult to be peeled off even when partial peeling occurs at the interface.

  In order to achieve the above object, a tile construction method according to the present invention is a tile construction method in which a tension mortar layer and a tile are arranged in order on the outside of a base mortar layer, and the formation of the tension mortar layer Applying a sticking mortar to the surface of the base mortar layer, and while the applied sticking mortar is not cured, the sticking mortar is further laid down so as to lie down and coat the net with the sticking mortar. (Claim 1).

  In the tiling method, the anchor may be planted by pressing the net directly or indirectly from the outside and penetrating the base mortar layer (Claim 2).

  In the tiled construction method, during the formation of the tensioning mortar layer, the anchor material that presses the net through a washer is planted, and the head of the anchor material and the washer are placed in the tensioning mortar layer. In an embedded state, the tile may be stretched outside (claim 3).

  In the tile tensioning method, during or after the formation of the tensioning mortar layer, the anchor material that presses the net through a washer is planted, and the tile is disposed at a position covering the anchor material and the washer. When the tensioning mortar layer is formed so that the tiles after tensioning and the other tiles directly tensioned to the tensioning mortar layer are flush with each other. In addition, the thickness of the portion where the tile is back-tied in the sticking mortar layer may be reduced.

  In the above tiled construction method, after the tiles are attached, a plurality of the anchor materials may be placed on the joints of the tiles as a set, and the anchor materials of each set may be connected by a wire material (Claim 5).

  In the above tiled construction method, the anchor material includes a cylindrical portion that is screwed and connected to an end portion of a separator that protrudes into a concave portion that is an extraction mark of a cone formed on the surface of the concrete, and the cylindrical portion. When the base mortar layer is formed in a state in which the tubular portion of the anchor material is screwed and connected to the end portion of the separator, the anchor material is rotated about an axis. Operate, adjust the position of the anchor material in the front-rear direction according to the thickness of the foundation mortar layer to be formed, at least a part of the deformable portion is located outside the foundation mortar layer, When the tension mortar layer is formed, the deformable portion of the anchor material may be deformed so as to be locked to the net outside the net (Claim 6).

  On the other hand, in order to achieve the above object, the outer wall according to the present invention is tiled by the tile-laying method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 (claim 7).

  In the present invention, the integral structure of the laminated structure formed between the base mortar layer and the tile is improved, and even if partial peeling occurs at any interface in the laminated structure, it is difficult to lead to peeling. A tiled construction method and an outer wall can be obtained.

  That is, in the tile tensioning method of the invention according to claim 1 of the present application, an interface is formed between the base mortar layer and the tension mortar layer, but a net (a peeling prevention net) is included. No interface is formed inside the tension mortar layer, and the tension mortar becomes an integral layer reinforced with a net. Accordingly, as the number of interfaces that cause peeling is small, the integral inseparability of the laminated structure formed between the building frame and the tile is increased accordingly.

  In the tiling method of the invention according to claim 2, the anchor material and the net, the interface between the base mortar layer that causes peeling and the concrete surface formed on the back (inside) side, the base mortar layer, The interface between the adhesive mortar layer formed on the front (outside) side can be pressed down, and even if partial peeling occurs at any of those interfaces, the peeling expands and peels off. It becomes difficult to happen to be connected with.

  In the tile tensioning method of the invention according to claim 3, the anchor material is embedded in the tensioning mortar layer, and the tiles arranged at the position covering the anchor material and the tiles arranged at other positions are the same. Since it can be similarly performed at the timing, it is possible to freely determine the placement position of the anchor material without being tied to the allocation of the tiles, so that the degree of freedom of construction increases and the improvement of workability can be expected.

  In the tiled construction method according to the fourth and fifth aspects of the present invention, it is not necessary to drive the anchor material within the open time of the tensioning mortar, and the anchor material can be placed more easily.

  In the tile construction method of the invention according to claim 6, the anchor material can be planted easily by using the separator effectively.

(A)-(F) is explanatory drawing which shows roughly the structure of the tile-laying construction method which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. (A)-(H) are explanatory drawings which show roughly the structure of the tile-laying construction method which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. (A)-(I) is explanatory drawing which shows roughly the structure of the tile-laying construction method which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. (A)-(F) is explanatory drawing which shows roughly the structure of the tile-laying construction method which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention. (A)-(C) are perspective views which show the modification of the anchor material in 4th Embodiment. (A) is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structure of a general tiled RC wall, (B) is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structure of the outer wall tiled by the conventional tile-laying construction method.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  1A to 1F show a tile construction method (hereinafter referred to as a first construction method) according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In this first construction method, as shown in FIG. 1 (F), the base mortar layer 2, the mortar layer 3 and the tile 4 are arranged in order on the outside of the wall surface of the building housing (for example, RC housing) 1. In order to form the outer wall, the base mortar layer forming step shown in FIG. 1 (A), the tensioning mortar layer forming step shown in FIGS. 1 (B) and (D), and FIGS. 1 (C) and (D) The anchor planting process shown over and the tile pasting process shown over FIGS. 1E and 1F are performed. Hereinafter, each process of the 1st construction method is explained.

  In the base mortar layer forming step shown in FIG. 1 (A), the base mortar layer 2 is formed by applying the base mortar to the surface of the building frame (frame concrete) 1 using, for example, firewood. If necessary, before applying the base mortar, the surface of the building housing 1 is subjected to a treatment such as roughening with ultra-high pressure water to improve the adhesion between the building housing 1 and the base mortar layer 2. You may do it.

  The tensioning mortar layer forming step shown in FIGS. 1B and 1D is performed after the base mortar layer 2 is cured. In this step, the tension mortar 3a is applied to the surface of the base mortar layer 2 using, for example, wrinkles so as to have a constant thickness (for example, about 1 mm), and the applied tension mortar 3a is not cured (opened). Within the thyme), the net (strip prevention net) 3b is laid down on the fresh tension mortar 3a (see FIG. 1 (B)), and the tension mortar 3a is further applied so as to cover the net 3b. (See FIG. 1D).

  Here, the net 3b is laid down with respect to the fresh tensioning mortar 3a by simply applying the net 3b to the application area of the tensioning mortar 3a and gently tracing the surface of the net 3b in this condition with a scissors, for example. it can. That is, when the net 3b is applied to the tension mortar 3a in a fresh state, the net 3b adheres to the tension mortar 3a and is temporarily held (temporarily held) by the tension mortar 3a. When the surface of the net 3b temporarily held on the tensioning mortar 3a is traced lightly with a scissors, a part of the tensioning mortar 3a wraps around the surface of the net 3b, and that part is embedded in the tensioning mortar 3a. Therefore, 2/3 or more of the entire net 3b may be adapted to the mortar 3a (the color has changed).

  Subsequently, the tensioning mortar 3a is applied so as to cover the net 3b. The tensioning mortar 3a applied before the net 3b is lowered and the tensioning mortar 3a applied after the net 3b is lowered. If an interface is formed between them, this interface may cause peeling or peeling in the future. Therefore, the above-mentioned interface is not formed between the tension mortar 3a applied before and after the net 3b is bent, and the inner and outer tension mortar 3a sandwiching the net 3b is integrated with the net 3b. It is necessary to complete the application of the tensioning mortar 3a performed after the net 3b is laid down in a state in which the tensioning mortar 3a applied before the 3b is laid down is sufficiently fresh.

  In addition, the area of the pasting mortar 3a applied to the surface of the base mortar layer 2 at a time is such that the tile pasting step shown in FIG. 1 (F) can be completed within the open time of the pasting mortar 3a. do it.

  The shape of the net 3b can be, for example, a sheet shape having a polygonal mesh in which a plurality of wires are arranged in two or more directions, and the material of the net 3b is subject to deterioration over time. It is desirable to select inorganic materials such as slow glass fibers. Commercially available products that can be used as the net 3b satisfying these conditions include “NS Net Super” (Triaxial Vinylon Fiber Net) from Nippon Kasei Co., Ltd., “Takemol (registered trademark)” ) Net ”(biaxial net). All of the illustrated nets are relatively thin, and if these are used, the tensioned mortar layer 3 can be made thin.

  As for the size of the net 3b, for example, the net 3b is supplied in a state of being wound in a long roll shape with a width of 1 m, and is used by cutting from there as much as necessary. Thus, when such a net 3b is horizontal, the vertical width of the net 3b is inevitably 1 m, and the horizontal width of the net 3b can be held with one worker extending the net 3b in the horizontal width direction. If it is in the range (about 1 to 1.5 m), the net 3b will not be wrinkled, and the sagging can be performed relatively easily and satisfactorily.

  The anchor planting process shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D is performed in parallel with the tension mortar layer forming process shown in FIGS. 1B and 1D (during formation of the tension mortar layer 3). It can be performed at any time from the place where the net 3b has been depressed in the tensioning mortar layer forming step. In this step, the anchor material 5 penetrating the base mortar layer 2 and having the tip reaching the inside of the building housing 1 is placed, and the washer 6 inserted and set in the anchor material 5 presses the net 3b from the outside. Like that. In addition, the head of the anchor material 5 and the washer 6 are embedded in the tensioning mortar layer 3 so that the anchoring mortar layer 3 does not float on the head of the anchored anchor material 5.

  Here, it is sufficient that the diameter of the anchor hole into which the anchor material 5 is driven is about 6 mm, and the outer diameter of the anchor material 5 is about 4 mm, but of course, the diameter may be larger than these. Examples of commercially available products that can be used as the anchor material 5 satisfying such conditions include “Dog bite anchor” (outer diameter: 4.5 mm or 6.0 mm, length: 45 mm) manufactured by E-Planner Co., Ltd. it can.

  Further, the vertical and horizontal placement intervals of the anchor material 5 can be about 900 mm at the ground level and about 500 mm at 100 m above the ground.

  On the other hand, the outer diameter of the washer 6 needs to be larger than the mesh of the net 3b for the purpose of pressing the net 3b by the washer 6, and can be about 20 mm, for example. Moreover, it is preferable that a plurality of through holes are provided in the washer 6 so that the tensioning mortar 3 a can easily go around the front and back of the washer 6.

  In the tile pasting process shown in FIGS. 1E and 1F, a plurality of tiles 4 are pasted to the pasting mortar layer 3 within the open time of the pasting mortar 3a. It should be arranged with only gaps. Thereafter, the joint material 7 such as joint mortar is filled in the joint of the tile 4.

  Since the back surface of the tile 4 is provided with a dovetail-shaped back foot 4a, mechanical curing force acts between the back foot 4a and the tensioning mortar layer 3 after curing the tensioning mortar 3a. 4 becomes a state which is very difficult to peel from the mortar layer 3.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (F), the outer wall formed by the first construction method described above is between the building housing 1 and the base mortar layer 2 and between the base mortar layer 2 and the tension mortar layer 3. Although each has interfaces 8 and 9, no interface is formed inside the tension mortar layer 3, and the tension mortar layer 3 becomes a single mortar surface reinforced by the net 3b. Therefore, the integral inseparability of the laminated structure formed between the building housing 1 and the tile 4 is increased as much as the number of interfaces that cause peeling is small.

  In the outer wall shown in FIG. 1 (F), the net 3b in the tensioning mortar layer 3 is pressed from the outside by the washer 6, and the entire tensioning mortar layer 3 including the net 3b has two interfaces 8 and 9 from the outside. Since it is in a pressed-down state, even if partial peeling occurs at any of the interfaces 8 and 9, it is difficult for the peeling to expand and lead to peeling.

  Furthermore, in the first method, the thickness of each of the base mortar layer 2 and the tension mortar layer 3 is approximately the same as that of the conventional method as shown in FIG. 6A (for example, the base mortar layer 2 is about 10 mm thick). The attached mortar layer 3 can be about 2 mm), and there is no demerit such as an increase in materials and labor, and a prolonged curing period as the layers 2 and 3 become thicker.

  And in the 1st construction method, since the member used in each process shown in Drawing 1 (A)-(F) can be made into a commercial item and a general-purpose item, the rise in construction cost can be controlled.

  In addition, in the first construction method, as shown in FIG. 1 (E), after the anchor material 5 is embedded in the tensioning mortar layer 3, the tile 4 disposed at the position covering the anchor material 5 and the other positions are disposed. Since the tiles 4 to be placed can be similarly attached at the same timing, the placement position of the anchor material 5 can be determined freely without being tied to the assignment of the tiles 4, and the degree of freedom of construction increases accordingly. We can expect improvement.

  FIGS. 2A to 2H show a tile construction method (hereinafter referred to as a second construction method) according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the first construction method, the tensioning mortar layer forming step shown over FIGS. 1B and 1D and the anchor planting step shown over FIGS. 1C and 1D are made parallel, and the anchor material 5 In the second method, anchoring is performed after curing the mortar layer formed in the tensioning mortar layer forming step, although the tiles 4 and other tiles 4 arranged at the positions where the tiles are covered are the same. The method of attaching the tiles 4 to the tiles 4 and the other tiles 4 arranged at positions where the anchor material 5 is covered is different.

  That is, in the second construction method, the base mortar layer forming step shown in FIG. 2 (A), the tensioned mortar layer forming step shown in FIGS. 2 (B) and 2 (C), and FIGS. 2 (D) and (E) Tile pasting step shown in FIG. 2, scraping step shown in FIG. 2 (F), anchor planting step shown in FIGS. 2 (F) and (G), and back tension shown in FIGS. 1 (G) and (H). The steps are performed in this order. Hereinafter, each process of the second construction method will be described.

  The steps shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C can be performed in the same manner as the base mortar layer forming step shown in FIG. 1A and the tensioned mortar layer forming step shown in FIGS. 1B and 1D. However, in the tension mortar layer forming step shown in FIG. 2 (B), the area of the tension mortar 3a applied to the surface of the base mortar layer 2 at one time is within the open time of the tension mortar 3a. What is necessary is just to set it as the range which can complete to the scraping process shown in.

  In the tile pasting process shown in FIGS. 2D and 2E, the anchor material 5 to be planted in the subsequent anchor planting process (see FIGS. 2F and 2G) is disposed at a position where it is covered. Only the tile 4 excluding the tile 4 (hereinafter referred to as the covering tile 4A) is pasted.

  In the scraping step shown in FIG. 2 (F), the tensioning mortar 3a occupying that portion is removed by skinning or the like so that the thickness of the portion of the tensioning mortar layer 3 on which the covering tile 4A is back-tensioned becomes thin. . This removal is performed in the outer surface of the tile 4 directly stretched on the tensioning mortar layer 3 in the tile tensioning process shown in FIGS. 2D and 2E, and in the subsequent back tensioning process (see FIG. 2H). This is performed so that the outer surface of the covering tile 4A to be stretched can be flush with the outer surface.

  The anchor planting step shown in FIGS. 2 (F) and 2 (G) is performed after curing the mortar 3a. In this step, the anchor material 5 penetrating the base mortar layer 2 and having the tip reaching the inside of the building housing 1 is placed, and the washer 6 inserted and set in the anchor material 5 presses the net 3b from the outside. Like that. In addition, as the anchor material 5 and the washer 6, the thing similar to what was used in the anchor planting process shown over FIG.1 (D), (E) can be used.

  2 (G) and 2 (H), the covering tile 4A is bonded to the outside of the anchor material 5 and the washer 6 with an adhesive (for example, an elastic adhesive such as an elastic epoxy adhesive) 10. As the covering tile 4A, the same tile as the other tiles 4 can be used. Further, when the adhesive is applied, it is preferable that the adhesive 10 is sufficiently filled in the back foot of the covering tile 4A. For this purpose, for example, the adhesive 10 is applied to the tension mortar layer 3. What is necessary is just to apply | coat to both the surface of this, and the back surface of 4 A of coating tiles.

  In the second construction method carried out as described above, it is not necessary to drive the anchor material within the open time of the tensioning mortar 3a, and the placement work of the anchor material 5 can be facilitated, for example, it is possible to construct a united quantity at a time. There is a merit. Therefore, the anchor material 5 may be placed after the tension mortar layer 3 is formed (after curing), but the anchor material 5 is placed while the tension mortar layer 3 is being formed (before curing). It may be.

  3A to 3I show a tile construction method (hereinafter referred to as a third construction method) according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the second construction method, the anchor material 5 is placed on a portion that is later covered with the covering tile 4 </ b> A. In the third construction method, the anchor material 5 is placed on the joint portion of the tile 4. . That is, the third method is a method applicable when the joint width of the tile 4 is somewhat wide.

  And in this 3rd construction method, the foundation mortar layer formation process shown in Drawing 3 (A), the tension mortar layer formation process shown over Drawing 3 (B) and (C), Drawing 3 (D), (E ) Tile pasting process, anchor anchoring process shown in FIGS. 3 (E) and 3 (F), mooring process shown in FIGS. 3 (G) and 3 (H), and joint filling shown in FIG. 3 (I). The steps are performed in this order. Hereinafter, each process of the third construction method will be described.

  The steps shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C are the same as the base mortar layer forming step and the sticking mortar layer forming step shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C. In the tension mortar layer forming step shown in FIG. 3B, the area of the tension mortar 3a applied to the surface of the base mortar layer 2 at one time is within the open time of the tension mortar 3a. What is necessary is just to set it as the range which can complete to the tile sticking process shown to.

  3D and 3E, in the tile pasting step shown in FIGS. 3D and 3E, a plurality of tiles 4 are pasted on the pasting mortar layer 3 within the open time of the pasting mortar 3a, and the plurality of tiles 4 are vertically, horizontally and jointly wide. It should be arranged with only gaps.

  The anchor planting step shown in FIGS. 3E and 3F is performed after curing the mortar 3a. And in this process, the anchor material 5 which penetrates the foundation | substrate mortar layer 2 and the front-end | tip reaches the inside of the building frame 1 is set in a pair by the intersection part adjacent to the upper and lower sides of the joint of the tile 4. FIG. Here, the outer diameter of the head of the anchor material 5 may be set in a range that does not contact the corner of the adjacent tile 4 in order to prevent the tile 4 from cracking.

  In the mooring step shown in FIGS. 3G and 3H, a set of two anchor members 5 are connected to each other by a wire rod (for example, a metal wire such as a stainless steel annealing wire). For example, a single wire 11 may be wound around two anchor materials 5.

  In the joint filling step shown in FIG. 3 (I), the joint material 7 such as joint mortar is filled in the joints of the tile 4, and at this time, the anchor material 5 and the wire material 11 are also covered with the joint material 7. .

  Even in the third construction method performed as described above, as in the second construction method, there is no need to drive the anchor material 5 within the open time of the tensioning mortar 3a, and the anchor material can be constructed in a single quantity. There is an advantage that the placing work of 5 becomes easy. Therefore, the anchor material 5 may be placed after the tension mortar layer 3 is formed (after curing), but the anchor material 5 is placed while the tension mortar layer 3 is being formed (before curing). It may be.

  In addition, in the example shown in FIG. 3 (H), the place where the pair of anchor members 5 is placed is an intersecting portion that is adjacent to the top and bottom of the joints of the tiles 4. 5 may be an intersection that is adjacent to the left and right of the joint of the tile 4, or two intersections that are aligned vertically or horizontally with one or more intersections between the joints of the tile 4. Moreover, it is good also as locations other than an intersection part in the joint of the tile 4. FIG. Further, three or more anchor members 5 may be set as a set on the joint portion of the tile 4 and moored to each other by the wire 11.

  4A to 4F show a tile construction method (hereinafter referred to as a fourth construction method) according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the fourth construction method, a separator embedded in a concrete frame is used for planting an anchor material.

  That is, in the fourth construction method, the anchor material attaching step shown in FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B), the base mortar layer forming step shown in FIG. 4 (C), and FIGS. 4 (D) and 4 (E). The tensioning mortar layer forming step shown and the tile sticking step shown in FIGS. 4E and 4F are performed. Hereinafter, each process of the 4th construction method is explained.

  In the anchor material attaching process shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the cone (P-con) 14 having a truncated cone shape is removed from the separator 13 embedded in the concrete frame 12, and the anchor material 15 is connected to the separator 13. To do.

  That is, the concrete frame 12 is formed by placing a large number of separators 13 in a state where a cone 14 is screwed and connected to an end portion of a concrete mold frame not shown in the figure at a predetermined pitch. When the cone 14 is removed from the separator 13 after demolding, the end portion of the separator 13 protrudes into the recess 16 that is a trace of the cone 14 formed on the surface of the concrete frame 12.

  On the other hand, the anchor material 15 is a substantially cylindrical member made of, for example, synthetic resin, and has a cylindrical portion 15A formed with a female screw to be screwed and connected to the end portion of the separator 13 on one end side, and is cylindrical. A deformable portion 15B integrated with the portion 15A is provided on the other end side. The deformable portion 15B is formed by making a plurality of cuts extending in the longitudinal direction at the cylindrical end portion on the other end side of the anchor material 15. The anchor member 15 can be connected to the separator 13 by screwing the female screw of the cylindrical portion 15 </ b> A of the anchor member 15 to the male screw at the end of the separator 13.

  In the base mortar layer forming step shown in FIG. 4C, the base mortar layer 2 is formed in a state where the cylindrical portion 15A of the anchor material 15 is screwed to the end of the separator 13, and this formation itself is This can be performed in the same manner as the base mortar layer forming step shown in FIG. At this time, the anchor material 15 is rotated around the axis to adjust the position of the anchor material 15 in the front-rear direction according to the thickness of the underlying mortar layer 2 to be formed, and at least one of the deformable portions 15B. The portion is positioned outside the base mortar layer 2. The position adjustment of the anchor material 15 may be performed at any timing before or during the formation (before curing) of the base mortar layer 2.

  The tensioning mortar layer forming step shown in FIGS. 4D and 4E can be performed in the same manner as the tensioning mortar layer forming process shown in FIGS. 1B and 1D. However, as shown in FIGS. 4D and 4E, the anchor material 15 can be used when the tension mortar layer 3 is formed (during formation of the tension mortar layer 3 or before curing of the tension mortar layer 3). It is necessary to deform the deforming portion 15B so as to be engaged with the net 3b outside the net 3b. In the example shown in FIGS. 4D and 4E, the deformable portion 15B having a foot-like shape is developed and locked to the net 3b.

  In addition, the area of the pasting mortar 3a applied to the surface of the base mortar layer 2 at once is a range in which the tile pasting step shown in FIG. 4 (F) can be completed within the open time of the pasting mortar 3a. do it.

  The tile pasting process shown in FIGS. 4E and 4F can be performed in the same manner as the tile pasting process shown in FIGS. 1E and 1F.

  In the fourth construction method performed as described above, the anchoring work of the anchor material 15 can be easily performed by effectively using the separator 13.

  Here, the deformable portion 15B of the anchor material 15 has a shape retaining property that is not buried in the base mortar 2a when the base mortar layer forming step shown in FIG. 4C is performed, and FIGS. When performing the tension mortar layer forming step shown over E), it is preferable to have a degree of deformation that can be easily deformed so as to be locked to the net 3b. And as the anchor material 15 which has such a deformable part 15B, what is shown, for example to FIG. 5 (A)-(C) can also be used.

  That is, the anchor material 15 shown in FIG. 5A has four shapes on the cone member 17 (for example, P-con) 17 having the same shape as the cone 14 shown in FIG. These wires (for example, stainless steel wires) 18 are embedded. An anchor member 15 shown in FIG. 5B is obtained by embedding two wire members 18 bent in a loop shape in a cone member 17. An anchor material 15 shown in FIG. 5C is obtained by embedding a single vinyl wire 19 in a cone member 17. In the example shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, the cone member 17 corresponds to the main body portion 15A, and the wire 18 and the vinyl wire 19 correspond to the deformable portion 15B.

  The present inventors use a stainless steel wire having an outer diameter of 0.28 mm as the wire 18 of the anchor material 15 shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, or the anchor material 15 shown in FIG. Is used, it has been confirmed that the deformable portion 15B made of the wire 18 or the vinyl wire 19 has both the shape retention and the deformability. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and, for example, a stainless steel wire having an outer diameter other than 0.28 mm or a wire material other than stainless steel wire may be used as the wire material 18, and the numbers of the wire material 18 and the vinyl wire 19 are not illustrated. It is good also as the number of.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to said embodiment at all, Of course, it can change and implement variously in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention. For example, the following modifications can be given.

  For example, each of the embodiments described above can be applied not only to the outer wall of a newly built structure but also to the outer wall (renovation) of an existing structure.

  In the first and second construction methods, the anchor material 5 is planted. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a metal wire such as stainless steel is planted instead of the anchor material 5, and this wire is used as a net. You may make it latch on 3b.

  Needless to say, the modifications described in this specification may be combined as appropriate.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Building frame 2 Ground mortar layer 3 Tensioned mortar layer 3a Tensioned mortar 3b Net 4 Tile 4A Covered tile 5 Anchor material 6 Washer 7 Joint material 8 Interface 9 Interface 10 Adhesive 11 Wire material 12 Concrete 13 Separator 14 Cone 15 Anchor material 15A Cylindrical part 15B Deformable part 16 Concave part 17 Cone member 18 Wire material 19 Vinyl wire 51 Frame concrete 52 Base mortar layer 53 Tying mortar layer 54 Tile 54a Back foot 55 Interface 56 Interface 57 Existing external wall 58 Cement-based coating material for base adjustment 59 Cement-based coating material 60 for attaching a net structure 60 Net structure 61 Anchor pin 62 Washer 63 Cement-based coating material 64 for attaching a finishing material Tile

Claims (7)

A tile construction method in which a mortar layer and a tile are arranged in order on the outside of the base mortar layer,
The tension mortar layer is formed by applying a tension mortar to the surface of the base mortar layer, and while the applied tension mortar is not cured, the net is covered with the tension mortar and the net is covered. A tiled construction method characterized in that it is further performed by applying a sticking mortar.   The tiling method according to claim 1, wherein the anchor material is pressed directly or indirectly from the outside and planted with an anchor material penetrating the base mortar layer.   During the formation of the tension mortar layer, the anchor material that presses the net through a washer is planted, and the head of the anchor material and the washer are embedded in the tension mortar layer, The tiling method according to claim 2, wherein the tile is stretched on the outside. Planting the anchor material that presses the net through a washer during or after the formation of the tensioning mortar layer,
The tile placed at the position covering the anchor material and the washer is back-stretched using an adhesive,
When forming the tensioned mortar layer so that the tiles after tensioning and the other tiles directly stretched on the tensioning mortar layer are flush with each other, the tiles are tensioned in the tensioning mortar layer. The tiling method according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the portion to be formed is reduced.   3. The tile construction method according to claim 2, wherein after the tiles are attached, a plurality of the anchor materials are set in pairs at the joints of the tiles, and the anchor materials of each group are connected by a wire material. The anchor material includes a cylindrical portion screwed and connected to an end portion of a separator projecting into a concave portion that is an extraction mark of a cone formed on the surface of the concrete, and a variable shape integrated with the cylindrical portion. And
The base mortar layer to be formed by rotating the anchor material around an axis when the base mortar layer is formed in a state where the tubular portion of the anchor material is screwed and connected to the end of the separator. The position of the anchor material is adjusted in the front-rear direction according to the thickness of the at least one portion of the deformable portion so as to be located outside the base mortar layer,
3. The tile tensioning method according to claim 2, wherein when the tensioning mortar layer is formed, the deformable portion of the anchor material is deformed so as to be locked to the net outside the net. An outer wall tiled by the tiling method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.