JP2014530980A - 凍結に対する保護を有する送給装置 - Google Patents
凍結に対する保護を有する送給装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
- F01N2610/085—Controlling the air supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/148—Arrangement of sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1486—Means to prevent the substance from freezing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
a)圧縮空気室内の第1の空気圧閾値と第2の空気圧閾値との間の空気圧を維持するステップ、
b)送給ダクトを通って排ガス処理装置に還元剤を送給して分注するステップであって、送給ダクトにおいて第1の還元剤圧力閾値と第2の還元剤圧力閾値との間の平均還元剤圧力が維持されて、それにより第1の還元剤圧力閾値が第1の空気圧閾値よりも小さく、そして第2の還元剤圧力閾値が第2の空気圧閾値よりも小さい、ステップ、および、
c)圧力ピークが圧縮空気室内の空気圧よりも高い場合に、可撓性壁領域の変形によって還元剤圧力の圧力ピークを補償するステップ、
を有する方法に関する。
w)ポンプによって送給ダクトを通る還元剤の送給を終了するステップ、
x)送給ダクト内の還元剤圧力を消散させるステップ、
y)圧縮空気室内の3.4バールと4.6バールと間の空気圧を一時的に維持するステップ、および、
z)圧縮空気室内の空気圧を消散させるステップ、
を有する方法は特定される。
2…弾性スリーブ
3…送給ダクト
4…可撓性壁領域
5…インジェクタ口
6…圧縮空気室
7…ストッパ
8…間隔
9…円筒形部分
10…圧力センサ
11…測定ボリューム
12…混合室
13…自動車両
14…内燃機関
15…排ガス処理装置
16…圧縮空気ソース
17…還元剤タンク
18…空気圧
19…還元剤圧力
20…ポンプ
21…インジェクション装置
22…閉鎖手段
23…稼動位相
24…シャットダウン位相
25…凍結位相
26…装置ボリューム
27…温度
28…時間軸
29…縦軸
30…圧縮空気ダクト
31…補強スリーブ
32…圧力ピーク
33…変形
34…吸込口
35…圧縮空気口
36…ベースプレート
37…開口
38…コントロールユニット
39…内側
40…外側
Claims (10)
- 還元剤を排ガス処理装置(15)に送給するための送給装置(1)であって、少なくとも1つの送給ダクト(3)を有し、前記少なくとも1つの送給ダクト(3)は、当該送給ダクト(3)内の還元剤が凍結するときに変形することができる少なくとも1つの可撓性壁領域(4)を有し、前記可撓性壁領域(4)は、前記送給ダクト(3)を、圧縮空気ソース(16)に接続される圧縮空気室(6)から分離する、送給装置(1)。
- 前記可撓性壁領域(4)のためのストッパ(7)が前記送給ダクト(3)内に設けられ、前記可撓性壁領域(4)は、前記圧縮空気室(6)からの圧縮空気によって前記ストッパ(7)に対してプレロードされることができる、請求項1に記載の送給装置(1)。
- 前記可撓性壁領域(4)は、前記送給ダクト(3)の部分(9)に配置される弾性スリーブ(2)である、請求項1または2に記載の送給装置(1)。
- 前記送給ダクト(3)には圧力センサ(10)が接続され、前記可撓性壁領域(4)は、前記圧力センサ(10)から2cm[センチメートル]未満の距離(8)に配置される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の送給装置(1)。
- 前記可撓性壁領域(4)は、圧力センサ(10)の測定ボリューム(11)へと延びる、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の送給装置(1)。
- 前記送給装置(1)は、還元剤を圧縮空気と混合するための混合室(12)を有し、前記圧縮空気室(6)および前記混合室(12)は、共通の圧縮空気ソース(16)を用いる、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の送給装置(1)。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の送給装置(1)を稼動するための方法であって、少なくとも、
a)前記圧縮空気室(6)内の第1の空気圧閾値と第2の空気圧閾値との間の空気圧(18)を維持するステップ、
b)前記送給ダクト(3)を通って排ガス処理装置(2)に還元剤を送給して分注するステップであって、前記送給ダクト(3)において第1の還元剤圧力閾値と第2の還元剤圧力閾値との間の平均還元剤圧力(19)が維持されて、それにより前記第1の還元剤圧力閾値が前記第1の空気圧閾値よりも小さく、そして前記第2の還元剤圧力閾値が前記第2の空気圧閾値よりも小さい、ステップ、および、
c)圧力ピーク(32)が前記圧縮空気室(6)内の空気圧(18)よりも高い場合に、前記可撓性壁領域(4)の変形(33)によって還元剤圧力(19)の圧力ピーク(32)を補償するステップ、
を有する方法。 - 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の送給装置(1)を非アクティブ化するための方法であって、少なくとも、
w)ポンプ(20)によって前記送給ダクト(3)を通る還元剤の送給を終了するステップ、
x)前記送給ダクト(3)内の還元剤圧力(19)を消散させるステップ、
y)前記圧縮空気室(6)内の3.4バールと4.6バールと間の空気圧(18)を一時的に維持するステップ、および、
z)前記圧縮空気室(6)内の空気圧(18)を消散させるステップ、
を有する方法。 - ステップz)の前に、前記送給ダクト(3)への還元剤の引き続いての流れが起こることができないように前記送給ダクト(3)は閉じる、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 内燃機関(14)を有し、前記内燃機関(14)の排ガスの浄化のための排ガス処理装置(15)を有し、前記排ガス処理装置(15)に還元剤を送給するための請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の送給装置(1)を有する、自動車両(13)。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102011116335.6 | 2011-10-19 | ||
DE201110116335 DE102011116335A1 (de) | 2011-10-19 | 2011-10-19 | Fördervorrichtung mit Einfrierschutz |
PCT/EP2012/069379 WO2013056974A1 (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-01 | Delivery device with protection against freezing |
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JP2014530980A true JP2014530980A (ja) | 2014-11-20 |
JP6154387B2 JP6154387B2 (ja) | 2017-06-28 |
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JP2014536172A Active JP6154387B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-10-01 | 凍結に対する保護を有する送給装置および送給方法ならびに送給装置を有する自動車両 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9371758B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2769063B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6154387B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101754458B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104053872B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112014009515B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102011116335A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2580572C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013056974A1 (ja) |
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DE102012108942A1 (de) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Emitec France S.A.S | Fördereinheit für ein flüssiges Additiv |
DE102013107373A1 (de) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | Voss Automotive Gmbh | "Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Schutz von Fluidsystemen gegen Gefrierdruck" |
DE102016215380A1 (de) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erkennung einer blockierten Druckleitung |
CN111197514A (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-26 | 福爱电子(贵州)有限公司 | 一种耐高温的电动液体计量喷嘴 |
DE102021101639A1 (de) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-07-28 | Röchling Automotive Se & Co.Kg | Verteilungsleitungsbauteil und damit modular gebildete Verteilerbaugruppe |
DE102022004851A1 (de) | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-27 | Albonair Gmbh | Reduktionsmitteldosiersystem mit pneumatisch betätigtem Sperrventil |
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DE102004006333A1 (de) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-09-01 | Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh | Speicher für ein Abgasnachbehandlungsmedium einer Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung für Fahrzeuge mit Dieselverbrennungsmotoren |
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DE10127834A1 (de) * | 2001-06-08 | 2002-12-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Dosierung eines Reduktionsmittels zur Entfernung von Stickoxiden aus Abgasen |
DE10361867B4 (de) * | 2003-12-29 | 2006-05-24 | Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh | Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung |
DE102004026866A1 (de) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-22 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beheizen eines in einem Behälter eines Kraftfahrzeugs mitgeführten Reduktionsmittels zur Abgasnachbehandlung |
DE102004050023A1 (de) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-27 | L'orange Gmbh | Einrichtung zur dosierten Einspritzung eines Reduktionsmittels in den Abgastrakt einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102007026892A1 (de) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum dosierten Einspritzen eines flüssigen Abgasnachbehandlungsmittels |
DE102009005790B4 (de) | 2009-01-22 | 2023-05-17 | Albonair Gmbh | Dosiersystem |
KR100896424B1 (ko) * | 2008-02-14 | 2009-05-12 | (주)모토닉 | 도우징 시스템용 에어유닛 |
DE102008022991A1 (de) | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-12 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Vorrichtung zur Förderung eines Reduktionsmittels und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
DE102008036265A1 (de) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-02-11 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Abgasreinigungseinrichtung für Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102008044708A1 (de) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | SCR-System mit Kompensationselement |
DE102009039735A1 (de) | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-03 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Fördervorrichtung für ein Reduktionsmittel mit Kompensationselement |
EP2507489A1 (de) * | 2009-12-04 | 2012-10-10 | Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH | Fördervorrichtung zur förderung eines reduktionsmittels |
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2011
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- 2012-10-01 WO PCT/EP2012/069379 patent/WO2013056974A1/en active Application Filing
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DE102004006333A1 (de) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-09-01 | Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh | Speicher für ein Abgasnachbehandlungsmedium einer Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung für Fahrzeuge mit Dieselverbrennungsmotoren |
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EP2769063A1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
WO2013056974A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
BR112014009515A2 (pt) | 2017-04-25 |
EP2769063B1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
KR101754458B1 (ko) | 2017-07-19 |
BR112014009515B1 (pt) | 2021-03-30 |
CN104053872A (zh) | 2014-09-17 |
RU2014119769A (ru) | 2015-11-27 |
CN104053872B (zh) | 2017-12-08 |
RU2580572C2 (ru) | 2016-04-10 |
US20140223888A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
DE102011116335A1 (de) | 2013-04-25 |
KR20140074345A (ko) | 2014-06-17 |
US9371758B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
JP6154387B2 (ja) | 2017-06-28 |
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