JP2014515421A - Stabilized blends containing friction modifiers - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to functional fluid compositions containing friction modifiers, and in particular, stable compositions containing friction modifiers with limited solubility and / or compatibility in functional fluids used together. Related to things. In particular, the present invention deals with functional fluids (eg, engine oils) and phosphorus-containing friction modifiers used in internal combustion engines, where the friction modifiers are unstable in the functional fluid composition and otherwise in the composition. It is present in an amount that causes qualitative and / or turbidity. The present invention further provides the use of compatibilizing agents and compositions to increase the solubility and / or compatibility and / or stability of compositions containing the friction modifiers described herein.

Description

  The present invention relates to functional fluid compositions containing friction modifiers, and in particular, stable compositions containing friction modifiers with limited solubility and / or compatibility in functional fluids used together. Related to things.

  Friction modifiers and the importance of friction modifiers for various types of functional fluids are known. However, many friction modifiers appear to be used only in a limited manner due to challenges in solubility and / or compatibility with the functional fluid used. Many friction modifiers, particularly those derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, have limited solubility in functional fluids such as engine oils and gear oils. These friction modifiers, when used in amounts beyond their solubility and / or compatibility limits, will settle out of the functional fluid composition over time and / or become cloudy or cloudy in the composition. May cause you to see.

  These problems are significant problems in the process of manufacturing and blending the above fluids and in the art. For example, a manufacturer of functional fluid additives sells a uniform additive package of performance chemicals, which is then added to the base oil to obtain the final lubricant, and finally the lubricity. It is sold in tanks, drums, cans and plastic containers to carry the lubricant to the equipment to be applied. In order to maintain the performance guarantee of the final lubricant or any other functional fluid, the concentrate and lubricant must remain uniform during these steps in the equipment used. In other words, all additives present must be in contact and / or compatible with the various respective materials found in themselves, from the additive package to the concentrate for the final fluid. This stringent criteria greatly limits the choice of many additives and the processing levels available for that additive, including the friction modifiers described herein. These friction modifiers may give improved performance to functional fluids, but are not widely used because the additive does not meet the solubility and / or compatibility requirements described above, and Nor is it being used in an optimal amount.

  In the art, functional fluid compositions in which one or more types of components drop out over time may not exhibit adequate performance unless they are thoroughly mixed prior to use or function. It may be removed by a filter attached to the device using the sex fluid. The turbidity and / or cloudiness of a functional fluid may be measured as the turbidity of the fluid and is often seen as an indication that the composition is not stable or early stage separation and / or component precipitation . Such a condition is not desirable for a functional fluid composition for reasons related to both performance and aesthetics. This reality places limitations on the use of various friction modifiers, for example, the effective maximum processing speed.

  If these friction modifiers are used, without these solubility and / or compatibility limits, for example, lubricants or lubricated equipment parts (eg, engines, automatic transmissions, gear assemblies, etc.) Better performance and device protection may be achieved, including extended life. Better fuel savings and viscosity stability may also be achieved. Even when smaller and higher amounts of chemicals are used, by selecting chemicals that are highly effective but not suitable for compatibility or solubility when transported in a conventional manner , Better performance may be achieved.

  There is a need for functional fluid compositions that contain higher amounts of friction modifiers while remaining stable and / or transparent. In particular, as noted above, other methods contain functional fluid compositions at concentrations that cause the composition to be unstable and / or turbid, such as friction modifiers derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids. An engine oil composition is needed. The compositions and methods of the present invention overcome these limitations to make these friction modifiers otherwise impossible while maintaining the stability and / or clarity of the functional fluid composition. Can be used in the amount that was.

  High amounts of friction modifiers may be included, particularly friction modifiers that have limited solubility and / or compatibility with the functional fluid composition used, and may provide stability, clarity, and / or total composition. Functional fluid compositions have been developed that can use higher amounts of friction modifiers in these functional fluid compositions while maintaining compatibility.

  The invention includes (a) a medium that may include a solvent, a functional fluid, or a combination thereof; (b) a friction modifier component that includes a phosphorus-containing compound that is not completely soluble in the medium; and (c) Soluble in (a) and interacting with (b) to increase the solubility of (b) in (a) or perhaps more precisely to the combination of (a) and (b) A stabilizing component wherein the solubility of (b) is higher than the solubility of (b) in (a), the stabilizing component comprising at least one hydrogen donating group, at least one hydrogen accepting group, and at least Provided is a composition comprising a compound comprising one hydrocarbyl group, wherein the hydrogen donor and hydrogen acceptor groups are not separated by more than 8 covalent and ionic bonds. Component (b) and component (c) may be present in component (a) in the form of dispersed particles having an average diameter of less than 10 microns.

  The present invention has improved turbidity of the total composition as defined by visual clarity ranking (e.g., shown in Tables 1-3 below) or is a stabilizing component ( Provided herein is a composition as described herein having a low JTU value and / or NTU value compared to the same composition containing no c). In certain embodiments, the composition of the present invention has a JTU value and / or NTU value of at most 100.

  The present invention further provides a process for preparing a transparent and stable composition, as described herein, which comprises (I) component (a) with component (b) and component (c). In other embodiments, such that (II) particles of component (b) and component (c), in some embodiments, only particles of component (b) have an average particle size of less than 10 microns. And, more specifically, mixing the ingredients so that 10% by weight or less of the particles have a diameter greater than 0.5 microns. In addition, component (b) may be present in the entire composition in a minimum amount, for example, 0.15% by weight or more.

  The present invention further provides the use of compatibilizing agents and compositions to increase the solubility and / or compatibility and / or stability of compositions containing the friction modifiers described herein.

  Various preferred features and embodiments are described below by way of non-limiting illustration.

  The present invention is unstable and opaque in functional fluid compositions that could not be used in other ways and / or could not be used in the amounts enabled by the present invention, and / or Alternatively, compositions and methods are provided that allow the use of certain friction modifiers without obtaining a cloudy composition.

  The types of functional fluids that can be used in the compositions and methods of the present invention and the compositions and methods of the present invention include gear oil, transmission oil, hydraulic fluid, engine oil, two-cycle oil, metal working fluid, Examples include fuel. In one embodiment, the functional fluid is engine oil. In another embodiment, the functional fluid is gear oil. In another embodiment, the functional fluid is a transmission fluid. In another embodiment, the functional fluid is a hydraulic fluid. In another embodiment, the functional fluid is a fuel. In another embodiment, the functional fluid is grease.

  In certain embodiments, the present invention does not include the use of a delivery device, eg, a device that acts to contain a friction modifier and contacts an added functional fluid. In certain embodiments, the present invention does not include the use of either a gel composition or a solid composition, and such a composition delays the release of one or more components in the functional fluid. Rather, the present invention provides a means for incorporating friction modifiers into functional fluids by using a combination of ingredients, while maintaining a stable, transparent, and / or turbidity-free state. A functional fluid containing a friction modifier.

  In certain embodiments, the present invention provides compositions that are more stable, transparent, and / or less turbid than compositions that are the same except that they lack one or more components. In certain embodiments, the missing component is a stabilizing component. In other embodiments, the compositions of the present invention have lower turbidity compared to compositions that are identical except that they lack the stabilizing component of the present invention. In some of these embodiments, the turbidity of the composition is expressed as a visual clarity ranking as in Tables 1-3, or as a JTU and / or NTU value. In other embodiments, the compositions of the invention have a maximum JTU value and / or NTU value of 100, 90, or 80.

  JTU and NTU values may be measured by US EPA method 180.1. Further, the JTU value and the NTU value may be measured without further dilution at the Jackson Turbidity Unit (JTU) using the Monotek Model 151 Turbidimeter.

(Medium)
The composition of the present invention includes a medium. The medium may be a solvent and / or diluent, a functional fluid, an additive concentrate, or a combination thereof.

  Suitable solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing compositions, or mixtures thereof. Oxygen-containing compositions can include alcohols, ketones, esters of carboxylic acids, glycols and / or polyglycols, or mixtures thereof. Suitable solvents also include oils of lubricating viscosity, naphtha, toluene, xylene, or combinations thereof. Oils of lubricating viscosity may include natural oils, synthetic oils, or mixtures thereof. The oil of lubricating viscosity may be an API (American Petroleum Institute) Group II, III, IV, V base oil or a mixture thereof. Examples of commercially available aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents or diluents include oils of lubricating viscosity, Pilot ™ 140 and Pilot ™ 299, and Pilot ™ 900 (available from Petrochem Carres), Petro -Canada ™ 100N, Nexbase ™, Yubase ™, and 4-6 cSt poly (alpha-olefin).

  Suitable functional fluids include any of the functional fluids listed above, including mixtures of such fluids. In many embodiments, other materials used as functional fluids or media contain additional additives in addition to component (b) and component (c) described in detail below. These further additives are described in great detail below.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the medium and / or the entire composition is substantially free or completely free of at least one option selected from the group consisting of sulfur, phosphorus, sulfated ash, and combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the fuel composition comprises at least one option selected from the group consisting of less than 20 ppm, less than 15 ppm, less than 10 ppm, or less than 1 ppm sulfur, phosphorus, sulfated ash, and combinations thereof. .

  In one embodiment, the media and stabilizing component may be the same material. That is, one material may exhibit the functions of both components. For example, if the present invention is in the form of a concentrate, the medium present may act as a stabilizing component and vice versa. The concentrate is then added to the functional fluid as a top treat and / or additive package, and in the absence of the stabilizer component / media material, it is otherwise cloudy or A stable and uniform functional fluid may be obtained in a state where it is incompatible.

(Friction modifier)
The composition of the present invention includes a friction modifier component. The friction modifier component may comprise at least one friction modifier that is not completely soluble and / or not compatible in the medium and / or the functional fluid used. Not completely soluble and / or not compatible means that the friction modifier remains neither dissolved nor suspended in the fluid to be added, the fluid becomes turbid and Cloudy will appear and precipitation will occur or any combination of these will occur. In certain embodiments, the friction modifier provides a turbid appearance to the fluid used, or solids drop-out, or the NTU and / or JTU values are greater than 80, 90, or Even 100. In some embodiments, the fluid is a functional fluid composition such as a finished lubricant or additive concentrate.

  In certain embodiments, the friction modifiers of the present invention are soluble, at low concentrations, soluble with certain fluids, and / or compatible, but not at higher concentrations and / or compatible. But it disappears. In certain embodiments, friction modifiers suitable for use with the present invention are 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, or 1.0, as defined above. It is not completely soluble and / or not compatible when the fluid is present at a concentration of weight percent or more.

  The friction modifier component may include phosphorus-containing additives such as hydrocarbyl phosphate, hydrocarbyl thiophosphate, amine salt of hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, or combinations thereof. Such additives generally react one or more phosphorous acids, such as phosphoric acid, thiophosphoric acid (including dithiophosphoric acid), and unsaturated amides (eg, acrylamide). Also included are complete or partial ester amine salts of phosphoric acid or thiophosphoric acid.

  Phosphorus-containing acids suitable for use in preparing the friction modifier component of the present invention include those prepared by reacting one or more phosphoric acids or anhydrides with an alcohol. Phosphorus acid ester. The alcohol used may contain up to about 30, 24, 12, or 3 carbon atoms. The phosphorus acid or anhydride is an inorganic phosphorus reagent such as phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus trioxide, phosphorus tetroxide, phosphorus acid, phosphorus halide, lower phosphorus ester, or phosphorus sulfide (including phosphorus pentasulfide). May be. In some embodiments, the phosphorus acid or anhydride is phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus trichloride, or a combination thereof. The phosphoric acid ester may be a monoester or diester of phosphoric acid, or a mixture thereof.

Examples of commercially available alcohols include Alfol 810 (mainly a mixture of primarily linear primary alcohols containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms); Alfol 1218 (synthetic primary linear containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms) mixtures of alcohols); Alfol 20+ alcohols (mostly _C 18 _{-C 28} mixture of primary alcohols _{C 20);} and Alfol 22+ alcohols (mainly _C 18 _{-C 28} primary alcohols containing _{C 22} alcohol) and the like.

  In another embodiment, the phosphorus-containing acid is a thiophosphorus acid ester, and may be a monothiophosphoric acid ester or a dithiophosphoric acid ester. The thiophosphorus acid ester is also called thiophosphoric acid. Acid esters of thiophosphorus may be prepared by reacting phosphorus sulfide (eg, those described above) with any of the alcohols described above. Monothiophosphates or monothiophosphates may be prepared by reaction of a sulfur source (eg, elemental sulfur) with dihydrocarbyl phosphite. The sulfur source may be an organic sulfide, such as a sulfur coupled olefin or dithiophosphate. Monothiophosphates may be made in a lubricant blend by adding dihydrocarbyl phosphite to a lubricating composition containing a sulfur source (eg, a sulfurized olefin).

Dithiophosphoric acid or phosphorodithioic acid may be reacted with an epoxide or glycol and further reacted with a phosphorus acid, anhydride, or lower ester. The epoxide may be an aliphatic epoxide or styrene oxide, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, and styrene oxide. In one embodiment, propylene oxide is used. The glycol may be an aliphatic glycol containing 1 or 2 to 12, 6 or 3 carbon atoms. These materials may be reacted with P ₂ O ₅ . The resulting material and others described herein may then be reacted with an amine to make a salt.

  As described above, the acidic phosphate ester described above may be reacted with ammonia or an amine compound to produce an ammonium salt. The salt may be made separately and then a salt of the phosphoric acid ester may be added to the lubricating composition. Alternatively, the salt may be made in the system when the acidic phosphorus acid ester is blended with the other ingredients to make a fully formulated lubricating composition.

  Suitable amines include monoamines and polyamines, including those described above. The amine may be a primary amine, a secondary amine or a tertiary amine. Useful monoamines may contain from 1 to 24, 14 or 8 carbon atoms, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, octylamine, and dodecylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine , Dibutylamine, methylbutylamine, ethylhexylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, methyldiethylamine, ethyldibutylamine and the like.

In one embodiment, the amine may be a fatty (C _4-30 ) amine, including but not limited to n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine. , N-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine, oleylamine and the like. One example is a commercially available fatty amine, such as “Armeen” amine (a product available from Armak Chemicals, Chicago, Illinois), such as Armak Armen-C, Armeen-O, Armeen-OL, Armeen-T , Armeen-HT, Armeen S, and Armeen SD, the letter code is related to the fatty group, for example, a cocoa group, an oleyl group, a tallow group, or a soya group.

  Useful amines are C12-14 branched tertiary alkyl primary amines supplied by Rohm and Haas under the trademark Primene 81R. In one embodiment, the stabilizing component is an amine salt of a mixture of phosphoric acid and ester and / or an amine salt of a mixture of dithiophosphoric acid and ester, which mixture is used with Primene 81R or a similar amine or amine mixture. It is chlorinated.

  The preparation of these phosphorus-containing additives (including amine salts of the acids and esters described above) is described in great detail in US Pat. No. 6,617,287.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing additive of component (c) comprises a phosphate, phosphite, thiophosphate, an amine salt of any of these materials, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, component (c) comprises (i) a hydrocarbyl phosphate or acid ester; (ii) an amine salt thereof; or a combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, component (c) is a compound represented by the following formula:
(X ¹ =) _a P (X ² _b -R) ₃
Or a version thereof, wherein each X ¹ is independently O or S, a is 0 or 1, each X ² is independently O or S, and b is 0 or 1 and R is H or a hydrocarbyl group, and in certain embodiments, provided that at least one of the R groups is a hydrocarbyl group containing at least one carbon atom. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing additive is salified with an amine.

  The friction modifier is present in the composition of the present invention in an amount of at least 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, or 1.0% by weight. May be. The friction modifier may be present in an amount up to 10, 9, 8, 7.5, 5, or 4 or 3% by weight or less.

  The composition of the present invention (specifically, the friction modifier component) may optionally include one or more additional friction modifiers. These additional friction modifiers may or may not have the solubility and / or compatibility issues of the friction modifiers described above. These additional friction modifiers include polyol esters such as glycerol monooleate and its borated derivatives; fatty phosphites; boronated fatty epoxides; sulfurized olefins; compounds derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids; Examples include oleyl tartarimide, stearyl tartarimide, and 2-ethylhexyl tartrate; imidazolines derived from fatty acids and ethylenediamine derivatives, such as imidazolines derived from oleic acid and aminoethylethanolamine, and mixtures thereof.

Polyol esters include fatty acid esters of glycerol. These can be prepared by a variety of methods well known in the art. Many of these esters (eg, glycerol monooleate and glycerol monotaloate) are produced on a commercial scale. Esters useful in the present invention are oil soluble and are preferably prepared from, for example, C ₈ -C ₂₂ fatty acids found in natural products, or mixtures thereof. The fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated. Specific compounds found in acids derived from natural sources include licanoic acid containing one keto group. Useful _C 8 _{-C 22} fatty acid is an expression R-COOH of the fatty acid wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl.

  Glycerol fatty acid monoesters are useful. Mixtures of monoesters and diesters may be used. The mixture of monoester and diester may contain at least about 40% monoester. Mixtures of monoesters and diesters of glycerol containing from about 40% to about 60% monoester may be used. For example, a commercially available glycerol monooleate containing a mixture of 45 wt% to 55 wt% monoester and 55 wt% to 45 wt% diester may be used.

  Fatty acids useful for producing these fatty acid esters include oleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, linolenic acid, and eleostearic acid, and tallow. Examples include acids derived from natural products such as oil, palm oil, olive oil, and peanut oil.

Fatty acid amides are described in detail in US Pat. No. 4,280,916. Suitable amides are C ₈ -C ₂₄ aliphatic monocarboxylic acid amides, are well known. Reaction of the fatty acid base compound with ammonia produces a fatty amide. Fatty acids and amides derived from fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated. Important fatty acids include lauric acid (C ₁₂ ), palmitic acid (C ₁₆ ), and stearic acid (C ₁₈ ). Other important unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, all of which are _C18 . In one embodiment, fatty amides of the invention is an amide derived from C ₁₈ unsaturated fatty acids.

  Fatty amines and diethoxylated long chain amines such as N, N-bis- (2-hydroxyethyl) -tallow amine itself are generally useful as components of the present invention. Both types of amine are commercially available. Fatty amines and ethoxylated fatty amines are described in great detail in US Pat. No. 4,741,848.

  Friction modifiers derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids may be made by reaction of acids with alcohols and / or amines. Suitable hydroxy-carboxylic acids include those represented by the following formula:

式中、ａおよびｂは、独立して、１〜５、または１〜２の整数であってもよく；Ｘは、脂肪族基または脂環式基、または炭素鎖中に酸素原子を含む脂肪族もしくは脂環式基、または上の種類の置換された基であってもよく、この基は、６個までの炭素原子を含み、ａ＋ｂの利用可能な結合点を含み；各Ｙは、独立して、−Ｏ−、＞ＮＨ、または＞ＮＲ^３であってもよく、または、２個のＹが一緒になって、２個のカルボニル基の間に作られるイミド構造Ｒ^１−Ｎ＜の窒素をあらわし；Ｒ^１およびＲ^３は、それぞれ独立して、水素またはヒドロカルビル基であってもよく、但し、少なくとも１つのＲ^１基およびＲ^３基は、ヒドロカルビル基であってもよく；各Ｒ^２は、独立して、水素、ヒドロカルビル基またはアシル基であってもよく、さらに、但し、少なくとも１つの−ＯＲ^２基が、−Ｃ（Ｏ）−Ｙ−Ｒ^１基の少なくとも１つに対してαまたはβにあるＸの中の炭素原子の上に位置している。

Where a and b may independently be an integer from 1 to 5, or 1 to 2; X is an aliphatic or alicyclic group, or a fatty acid containing an oxygen atom in the carbon chain May be a group or alicyclic group, or a substituted group of the type described above, which contains up to 6 carbon atoms and contains available a + b attachment points; each Y is independently -O-,> NH, or> NR ³ , or two Y's taken together to form an imide structure R ¹ -N < R ¹ and R ³ may each independently be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, provided that at least one R ¹ group and R ³ group may be a hydrocarbyl group; ² are independently hydrogen, it may be a hydrocarbyl group or an acyl group, Luo, provided that at least one -OR ² group is located on the carbon atoms in the -C (O) -Y-R ¹ group X in the α or β to at least one .

  In one embodiment, the acid is represented by the following formula:

式中、各Ｒ^４は、独立して、Ｈまたはヒドロカルビル基であるか、またはＲ^４基が一緒になって環を形成する。一実施形態では、摩擦調整剤はホウ素化されている（ｂｏｒａｔｅｄ）。別の実施形態では、摩擦調整剤は、ホウ素化されていない。

Wherein each R ⁴ is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, or the R ⁴ groups together form a ring. In one embodiment, the friction modifier is borated. In another embodiment, the friction modifier is not borated.

  In any of the above embodiments, the hydroxy-carboxylic acid may be tartaric acid, citric acid, or combinations thereof, and may be a reactive equivalent of such an acid (ester, acid halide). Or including anhydride). The resulting friction modifier may be tartaric acid, imides of citric acid, di-esters, di-amides, or ester-amide derivatives, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid comprises an imide, di-ester, di-amide, or ester-amide derivative of tartaric acid.

  The amine used in the preparation of the friction modifier may have the formula RR′NH, where R and R ′ are each independently H, 1 or 8 to 30 or 150. Represents a hydrocarbon-based radical having 1 to 150 carbon atoms (that is, 1 to 150, or 8 to 30, or 1 to 30, or 8 to 150 atoms). Also having a carbon atom range with a lower limit of 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, or 12 carbon atoms and an upper limit of 120, 80, 48, 24, 20, 18, or 16 carbon atoms Amines may be used. In one embodiment, the R and R 'groups contain 8 or 6 to 30 or 12 carbon atoms, respectively. In one embodiment, the sum of R and R 'carbon atoms is at least 8. R and R ′ may be linear or branched. In one embodiment, R and R 'are linear and contain at least 12 carbons. In such embodiments, these groups may contain some degree of unsaturation.

  Alcohols useful for preparing friction modifiers likewise contain 1 or 8 to 30 or 150 carbon atoms. And a range of carbon atoms having a lower limit of 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, or 12 carbon atoms and an upper limit of 120, 80, 48, 24, 20, 18, or 16 carbon atoms. You may use the alcohol which has. In certain embodiments, the number of carbon atoms in the group derived from the alcohol may be 8-24, 10-18, 12-16, or 13 carbon atoms.

  Alcohols and amines may be linear or branched, and if branched, branching may occur at any point in the chain, and the branching may be of any length . In some embodiments, the alcohols and / or amines used include branched compounds, and in still other embodiments, the alcohols and amines used are at least 50%, 75%, or even 80% branched. ing.

In certain embodiments, the alcohols and / or amines used include branched C _6-18 or C _8-18 alcohols, branched C _12-16 alcohols, 2-ethylhexanol, isotridecyl alcohol, linear C _6-18 or C _8-18 alcohol, linear C _12-16 alcohol, or combinations thereof.

  In one embodiment, the friction modifier derived from a hydroxy-acid may be represented by a compound of the formula:

式中、ｎ’は、０〜１０であり；ｐは、１〜５であり；ＹおよびＹ’は、独立して、−Ｏ−、＞ＮＨ、＞ＮＲ^７、または２個の＞Ｃ＝Ｏ基の間にＲ^１−Ｎ＜基を生成する、Ｙ基およびＹ’基の連結によって作られるイミド基であり；Ｒ^５およびＲ^６は、独立して、典型的には、１、４または６個〜１５０、３０または２４個の炭素原子を含む、ヒドロカルビル基であり；ｍは、０または１であり、Ｘは、独立して、−ＣＨ_２−、＞ＣＨＲ^８または＞ＣＲ^８Ｒ^９、＞ＣＨＯＲ^１０、または＞Ｃ（ＣＯ_２Ｒ^１０）_２、−ＣＨ_３、−ＣＨ_２Ｒ^８または−ＣＨＲ^８Ｒ^９、−ＣＨ_２ＯＲ^１０、または−ＣＨ（ＣＯ_２Ｒ^１０）_２、またはこれらの混合物であり、Ｒ^７は、ヒドロカルビル基であり；Ｒ^８およびＲ^９は、独立して、ケト含有基（例えば、アシル基）、エステル基またはヒドロカルビル基であり；Ｒ^１０は、独立して、水素、または、典型的には、１〜１５０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基である。

Wherein n ′ is 0-10; p is 1-5; Y and Y ′ are independently —O—,>NH,> NR ⁷ , or two> C═ An imide group made by the linkage of a Y group and a Y ′ group to form a R ¹ —N <group between O groups; R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently typically typically 1, 4 Or a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 150, 30 or 24 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1 and X is independently —CH ₂ —,> CHR ⁸ or> CR ⁸ R. ^9,> CHOR ^{10 _{or> C (CO 2 R 10)}} 2, -CH 3, -CH 2 R 8 or _{^{-CHR 8 R 9, -CH 2 oR}} 10 or _{^{-CH (CO 2 R 10) 2}} ,,, Or a mixture thereof, R ⁷ is a hydrocarbyl group; R ⁸ and R ⁹ are independently A keto-containing group (eg, an acyl group), an ester group or a hydrocarbyl group; R ¹⁰ is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group typically containing from 1 to 150 carbon atoms.

In certain embodiments, the compound represented by Formula IV comprises at least one X containing hydroxyl (eg,> CHOR ¹⁰ , R ¹⁰ is hydrogen). Where X contains a hydroxyl, the compound may be derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid (eg, tartaric acid, citric acid, or mixtures thereof). In one embodiment, the compound is derived from citric acid and R ⁵ and R ⁶ are from at least 6 or 8 carbon atoms up to 150, or 6 or 8 to 30 or 24 carbons. Contains atoms. In one embodiment, the compound is derived from tartaric acid and R ⁵ and R ⁶ contain 4 or 6 to 30 or 24 carbon atoms. If X does not contain hydroxyl, the compound may be derived from malonic acid, oxalic acid, chlorophenylmalonic acid, their reactive equivalents (eg, esters) or mixtures thereof.

  In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention do not include these optional friction modifiers, while in other embodiments, the optional one or more friction modifiers listed herein may be present in the present invention. Not present in the composition.

  In other embodiments, additional friction modifiers are present and the friction modifiers are derived from hydroxy-acids. In other embodiments, the additional friction modifier is oleyl tartarimide, stearyl tartarimide, 2-ethylhexyl tartarimide, or a combination thereof.

  Additional friction modifiers are present in the compositions of the present invention in an amount of at least 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, or 1.0% by weight. It may be. Additional friction modifiers may be present in an amount of less than 10, 7.5, 5, or 4 or 3% by weight.

  In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention do not include friction modifiers derived from hydroxy-acids (eg, those described above). In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention do not include a fatty amide friction modifier (eg, those described above). In other embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are essentially free or free of any second friction modifier.

(Stabilizing component)
The composition of the present invention includes a stabilizing component. The stabilizing component of the present invention is soluble in the medium and interacts with the friction modifier to increase solubility in the medium and / or the overall composition. This may be achieved by the association of the stabilizing component and the friction modifier, resulting in suspended particles of associated molecules, to a greater extent than that obtained by the friction modifier alone, the media and / or the total composition. Remain suspended, dispersed and / or dissolved.

  The stabilizing component of the present invention is an additive and improves the turbidity of the composition when combined with the friction modifier in the medium compared to the same composition that does not contain the stabilizing component. The stabilizing component includes at least one hydrogen donating group, at least one hydrogen accepting group, and at least one hydrocarbyl group, wherein the hydrogen donating group and the hydrogen accepting group have more than 8 covalent and ionic bonds. Includes compounds that are not separated.

  In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component comprises (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted compound containing a tertiary amino group and (b) a quaternary suitable for converting the tertiary amino group of (a) to a quaternary nitrogen. A quaternizing salt comprising a reaction product with an agent, wherein the quaternizing agent is from the group consisting of dialkyl sulfates, benzyl halides, hydrocarbyl substituted carbonates; hydrocarbyl epoxides in combination with acids, or mixtures thereof. Selected.

  A quaternary salt is a condensation product of (i) (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound containing an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom that can be condensed with the acylating agent, and further a tertiary A condensation product comprising an amino group; (b) a polyalkene-substituted amine comprising at least one tertiary amino group; (c) a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, aldehyde and amine comprising a tertiary amino group; At least one compound selected from the group consisting of a Mannich reaction product, prepared from the reaction, and (ii) a quaternization suitable for converting a tertiary amino group of compound (i) to a quaternary nitrogen The quaternizing agent may be a dialkyl sulfate, a benzyl halide, a hydrocarbyl substituted carbonate; Roca ascorbyl epoxide, or is selected from the group consisting of mixtures.

  In one embodiment, the quaternary salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) a polyalkene-substituted amine containing at least one tertiary amino group and / or a Mannich reaction product containing a tertiary amino group. A reaction product of a compound and (ii) a quaternizing agent.

  In another embodiment, the quaternary salt comprises (i) a reaction product of succinic anhydride and an amine and (ii) a reaction product of a quaternizing agent. In such embodiments, the succinic anhydride may be derived from polyisobutylene and anhydride, the polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of about 800 to about 1600. In certain embodiments, the succinic anhydride does not include chlorine.

In certain embodiments, the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent of component (i) (a) above is a long chain hydrocarbon reaction product, generally a monounsaturated carboxylic acid reactant,
For example, (1) derived from monounsaturated C ₄ -C ₁₀ dicarboxylic acids such as fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid; (2) derivatives of (1) such as anhydrides or C ₁ -C ₅ alcohols Monoesters or diesters of (1); (3) monounsaturated C ₃ -C ₁₀ monocarboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; or (iv4) derivatives of (3), such as those of the general formula (R ¹ ) (R ¹ ) C = C (R ¹ ) (CH (R ¹ ) (R ¹ ))
Wherein each R ¹ is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group.
A C ₁ -C ₅ polyolefin substituted with esters derived from alcohols (3) with any compound containing an olefinic bond represented by.

One The olefin polymers for reaction with the unsaturated carboxylic acids, C ₂ -C 20 major molar _amount, for example, a polymer containing C ₂ -C ₅ monoolefin. Such olefins include ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, pentene, octene-1, or styrene. Polymers include homopolymers such as polyisobutylene, and copolymers of two or more such olefins such as ethylene and propylene; butylene and isobutylene; propylene and isobutylene. Other copolymers include small molar amounts of copolymer monomers (eg, 1-10 mol% is a C ₄ -C ₁₈ diolefin), eg, copolymers of isobutylene and butadiene; or ethylene, propylene, and 1 And copolymers with 4-hexadiene.

In one embodiment, at least one R of the formula describing a compound containing an olefinic bond given above is derived from polybutene, ie, a C ₄ olefin (1-butene, 2-butene, and isobutylene. Polymer). C ₄ polymer may comprise a polyisobutylene. In another embodiment, at least one R of the formula is derived from an ethylene-alpha olefin polymer (including ethylene-propylene-diene polymers). Ethylene-alpha olefin copolymers and ethylene-lower olefin-diene terpolymers are described in European Patent Publication No. EP0279863 and the following US Pat. Nos. 3,598,738; 4,026,809; 4,032,700. No. 4,137,185; No. 4,156,061; No. 4,320,019; No. 4,357,250; No. 4,658,078; No. 4,668,834; 4,937,299; 5,324,800, each of which is incorporated herein by reference for the relevant disclosure of these ethylene-based polymers. .

In another embodiment, the olefinic bond of the compound comprising the olefinic bond described above is primarily a vinylidene group represented by the following formula:
^{- (H) C = C (} R 2) (R 2)
Wherein R ² is a hydrocarbyl group, and in certain embodiments both R ² groups are methyl groups;
^{- (H) (R 3)} C (C (CH 3) = CH2)
In the formula, R ³ is a hydrocarbyl group.

  In one embodiment, the vinylidene content of the compound comprising an olefinic bond described above comprises at least about 30 mol% vinylidene groups, at least about 50 mol% vinylidene groups, or at least about 70 mol% vinylidene groups. Also good. Such materials and methods of preparing the materials are described in US Pat. Nos. 5,071,919; 5,137,978; 5,137,980; 5,286,823; 408,018; 6,562,913; 6,683,138; 7,037,999, and US Patent Publication Nos. 20040176552A1, 20050137363, and 20060079652A1. , Expressly incorporated herein by reference, such products are commercially available from BASF under the trade name GLISSSOPAL®, from Texas Petrochemicals LP under the trade names TPC 1105 ™, and TPC 595 ( Trademark).

  Methods for preparing hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agents from the reaction of monounsaturated carboxylic acid reactants with compounds containing olefinic bonds as described above are well known in the art and are described in the following patents: US US Pat. Nos. 3,087,436; 3,172,892 disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 3,361,673 and 3,401,118 for the occurrence of thermal “ene” reactions; 3,272,746; 3,215,707; 3,231,587; 3,912,764; 4,110,349; 4,234,435; , 077,909; 6,165,235, incorporated herein by reference.

In another embodiment, the hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent is at least one carboxylic acid reagent represented by the following formula:
(R ⁴ OC (O) (R ⁵ ) _n C (O)) R ⁴
When,

（式中、各Ｒ^４は、独立して、Ｈまたはヒドロカルビル基であり、各Ｒ^５は、二価のヒドロカルビレン基であり、ｎは、０または１である）
と、上述の様なオレフィン結合を含む任意の化合物との反応から作られてもよい。この化合物と、これらの化合物を製造するプロセスは、米国特許第５，７３９，３５６号；第５，７７７，１４２号；第５，７８６，４９０号；第５，８５６，５２４号；第６，０２０，５００号；第６，１１４，５４７号に開示され、本明細書に参考として組み込まれる。

Wherein each R ⁴ is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, each R ⁵ is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1.
And reaction with any compound containing an olefinic bond as described above. This compound and the processes for producing these compounds are described in US Pat. Nos. 5,739,356; 5,777,142; 5,786,490; 5,856,524; No. 020,500; No. 6,114,547, incorporated herein by reference.

  Other methods of preparing hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agents can be found in the following references, US Pat. Nos. 5,912,213; 5,851,966; 5,885,944. And are incorporated herein by reference.

  Compounds that can be condensed with an acylating agent and that further contain a tertiary amino group or an oxygen or nitrogen atom may be represented by the following formula:

式中、Ｘは、約１〜約４個の炭素原子を含むアルキレン基であり、各Ｒ^６は、独立して、ヒドロカルビル基であり、Ｒ^６’は、水素またはヒドロカルビル基であってもよい。

Wherein X is an alkylene group containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, each R ⁶ is independently a hydrocarbyl group, and R ^{6 ′} may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group. .

式中、Ｘは、約１〜約４個の炭素原子を含むアルキレン基であり、各Ｒ^７は、独立して、ヒドロカルビル基である。

Wherein X is an alkylene group containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and each R ⁷ is independently a hydrocarbyl group.

  Examples of compounds containing nitrogen or oxygen that can be condensed with an acylating agent and further include a tertiary amino group include, but are not limited to, ethylenediamine, 1,2-propylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, isomerism Butylenediamine, pentanediamine, hexanediamine, heptanediamine, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, dibutylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, hexamethylenetetramine, and bis (hexamethylene) triamine , Diaminobenzene, diaminopyridine or mixtures thereof. In addition, compounds containing nitrogen or oxygen that may be alkylated to contain tertiary amino groups may also be used. Examples of compounds containing nitrogen or oxygen that can be alkylated to contain a tertiary amino group and then condensed with an acylating agent include, but are not limited to, dimethylaminopropylamine, N, N-dimethyl-aminopropyl. Mention may be made of amines, N, N-diethyl-aminopropylamine, N, N-dimethyl-aminoethylamine or mixtures thereof. Examples of the compound containing nitrogen or oxygen that can be condensed with an acylating agent and further containing a tertiary amino group include aminoalkyl-substituted heterocyclic compounds such as 1- (3-aminopropyl ) Imidazole and 4- (3-aminopropyl) morpholine, 1- (2-aminoethyl) piperidine, 3,3-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine, 3'3-aminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) Can be mentioned. Compounds containing nitrogen or oxygen that can be condensed with another type of acylating agent and that contain a tertiary amino group include, but are not limited to, alkanolamines, triethanolamine, N, N-dimethylamino. Propanol, N, N-diethylaminopropanol, N, N-diethylaminobutanol, N, N, N-tris (hydroxyethyl) amine, or mixtures thereof.

  The acid used with the quaternizing agent may be an organic acid represented by the general formula R—COOH, where R is a hydrocarbyl group. In certain embodiments, the hydrocarbyl group of the acid contains 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, the acid may be acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, or pentanoic acid.

  Examples of quaternary ammonium salts and methods for preparing the quaternary ammonium salts are US 4,253,980, US 3,778,371, US 4,171,959, US 4,326,973, US 4,338. 206, US Pat. No. 5,254,138, which is incorporated herein by reference.

  The quaternary salts of the present invention can also be derived from the reaction of a polyester containing a tertiary amino group with a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to quaternary nitrogen. An ammonium salt may also be included.

  Polyesters containing tertiary amino groups used in the preparation of the additive of the present invention can also be described as non-quaternized polyesters containing tertiary amino groups.

  In certain embodiments, the polyester is a reaction product of a fatty carboxylic acid containing at least one hydroxyl group and a compound containing an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom that can be condensed with the acid and further contains a tertiary amino group. It is. Suitable fatty carboxylic acids that can be used in the preparation of the polyesters described above may be represented by the following formula:

式中、Ｒ^１は、水素、または１〜２０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基であり、Ｒ^２は、１〜２０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビレン基である。ある実施形態では、Ｒ^１は、１〜１２個、２〜１０個、４〜８個、または６個の炭素原子を含んでおり、Ｒ^２は、２〜１６個、６〜１４個、８〜１２個、または１０個の炭素原子を含む。

In the formula, R ¹ is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R ² is a hydrocarbylene group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, R ¹ comprises 1-12, 2-10, 4-8, or 6 carbon atoms, and R ² is 2-16, 6-14, 8 Contains -12 or 10 carbon atoms.

  In certain embodiments, the fatty carboxylic acid used to prepare the polyester is 12-hydroxystearic acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, 5-hydroxydodecanoic acid, 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, 4-hydroxydecanoic acid, 10 -Hydroxyundecanoic acid, or a combination thereof.

  Compounds containing an oxygen atom or nitrogen atom that can be condensed with the acid and further containing a tertiary amino group can be condensed with an acylating agent and are described above as compounds containing an oxygen atom or nitrogen atom. Any material may be included. A suitable material may be represented by the following formula:

式中、Ｒ^３は、１〜１０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基であり；Ｒ^４は、１〜１０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基であり；Ｒ^５は、１〜２０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビレン基であり；Ｘ^１は、ＯまたはＮＲ^６であり、Ｒ^６は、水素、または１〜１０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基である。ある実施形態では、Ｒ^３は、１〜６個、１〜２個、または１個の炭素原子を含み、Ｒ^４は、１〜６個、１〜２個、または１個の炭素原子を含み、Ｒ^５は、２〜１２個、２〜８個、または３個の炭素原子を含み、Ｒ^６は、１〜８個、または１〜４個の炭素原子を含む。これらの実施形態のいくつかにおいて、化合物は、以下のようになり、

Wherein R ³ is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R ⁵ is 1 to 20 carbon atoms X ¹ is O or NR ⁶ and R ⁶ is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R ³ contains 1-6, 1-2, or 1 carbon atom and R ⁴ contains 1-6, 1-2, or 1 carbon atom. , R ⁵ contains 2 to 12, 2 to 8, or 3 carbon atoms, and R ⁶ contains 1 to 8 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In some of these embodiments, the compound is as follows:

上に提示した種々の定義をここでも適用する。

The various definitions presented above apply here as well.

  Examples of compounds containing nitrogen or oxygen that can be condensed with a polyester agent include all of those listed above as examples of materials that can be condensed with an acylating agent.

  The quaternized polyester salt may be a quaternized polyester amide salt. In such embodiments, the polyester containing tertiary amino groups used to prepare the quaternized polyester salt is a polyester amide containing tertiary amino groups. In some of these embodiments, an amine or amino alcohol may be reacted with a monomer and then the resulting material may be polymerized with additional monomers to obtain the desired polyester amide, which is then quaternized.

  In one embodiment, the quaternized polyester salt includes an anion represented by the formula:

式中、Ｒ^１は、水素、または１〜２０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基であり、Ｒ^２は、１〜２０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビレン基であり；Ｒ^３は、１〜１０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基であり；Ｒ^４は、１〜１０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基であり；Ｒ^５は、１〜２０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビレン基であり；Ｒ^６は、水素、または１〜１０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基であり；ｎは、１〜１０の整数であり；Ｒ^７は、水素、１〜２２個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルボニル基、または１〜２２個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基であり；Ｘ^２は、四級化剤から誘導される基である。ある実施形態では、Ｒ^６は水素である。

Wherein R ¹ is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R ² is a hydrocarbylene group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R ³ is 1 to A hydrocarbyl group containing 10 carbon atoms; R ⁴ is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R ⁵ is a hydrocarbylene group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R ⁶ is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 1 to 10; R ⁷ is hydrogen, a hydrocarbonyl group containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms Or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X ² is a group derived from a quaternizing agent. In certain embodiments, R ⁶ is hydrogen.

As above, in certain embodiments, R ¹ comprises 1-12, 2-10, 4-8, or 6 carbon atoms and R ² is 2-16, 6-14. , 8-12, or 10 carbon atoms, R ³ contains 1-6, 1-2, or 1 carbon atoms, R ⁴ contains 1-6, 1-carbon atoms. Contains 2 or 1 carbon atoms, R ⁵ contains 2 to 12, 2 to 8 or 3 carbon atoms and R ⁶ has 1 to 8 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms Contains carbon atoms. In any of these embodiments, n may be 2-9, or 3-7, and R ⁷ may contain 6-22, or 8-20 carbon atoms.

  In these embodiments, the quaternized polyester salt is essentially capped with a C1-22 or C8-20 fatty acid. Examples of suitable acids are oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, erucic acid, lauric acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 9,11-linoleic acid, 9,12-linoleic acid, 9,12,15-linolene. Acid, abietic acid, or a combination thereof.

  The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the quaternized polyester salt of the present invention may be 500 to 3000, or 700 to 2500.

  Polyesters useful in the present invention can be obtained by heating one or more hydroxycarboxylic acids or a mixture of hydroxycarboxylic acids and carboxylic acids, optionally in the presence of an esterification catalyst. The hydroxy carboxylic acid may have the formula HO-X-COOH, where X contains at least 8 carbon atoms and at least 4 carbon atoms between the hydroxy and carboxylic acid groups. May be a divalent saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group or may be obtained from a mixture of such hydroxycarboxylic acids and carboxylic acids that do not contain hydroxy groups. This reaction may be performed at a temperature in the range of 160 ° C. to 200 ° C. until the desired molecular weight is obtained. After a series of esterifications, the acid value of the product can be measured and desirable polyesters have an acid value in the range of 10-100 mg KOH / g, or 20-50 mg KOH / g, in certain embodiments. The acid number range shown here of 10-100 mg KOH / g is equivalent to a number average molecular weight range of 5600-560. The water produced in the esterification reaction can be removed from the reaction medium, and the reaction is carried out by flowing nitrogen vapor over the reaction mixture or in the presence of a solvent (eg, toluene or xylene). It can be conveniently performed by distilling off.

  The resulting polyester can then be isolated in a conventional manner, but the resulting polyester solution is used when the reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent that may not be harmful in subsequent applications. May be.

  In this hydroxycarboxylic acid, the radical represented by X may contain 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and in some cases 8 to 14 carbon atoms are present between the carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group. Yes. In certain embodiments, the hydroxy group is a secondary hydroxy group.

  Specific examples of such hydroxycarboxylic acids include ricinoleic acid, a mixture of 9-hydroxystearic acid and 10-hydroxystearic acid (obtained by hydrolysis after sulfation of oleic acid), and 12- Mention may be made of hydroxystearic acid and, in particular, commercially available hydrogenated castor oil fatty acids containing a small amount of stearic acid and a small amount of palmitic acid in addition to 12-hydroxystearic acid.

  Carboxylic acids which can be used in combination with hydroxycarboxylic acids to obtain these polyesters are preferably saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, in particular alkyl carboxylic acids containing chains of 8 to 20 carbon atoms. Acids and alkenyl carboxylic acids. Examples of such acids may include lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid.

  In one embodiment, the polyester is derived from commercially available 12-hydroxy-stearic acid having a number average molecular weight of about 1600. Such polyesters are described in great detail, for example, in British patent specifications 1373660 and 1342746.

In certain embodiments, the components used to prepare the above-described additives include non-polyester-containing hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agents and / or non-polyester containing hydrocarbyl substituted diacylating agents, For example, it is substantially free, essentially free or completely free of polyisobutylene and the like. In certain embodiments, these excluded agents are reaction products of long chain hydrocarbons and are generally monounsaturated carboxylic reactants, such as (i) α, β-monounsaturated C _4. -C ₁₀ dicarboxylic acids, e.g., fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid; derivative of (ii) (i), for example, monoesters or diesters derived from anhydrides or _C 1 -C ₅ alcohol, of (i) (Iii) α, β-monounsaturated C ₃ -C ₁₀ monocarboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; or (iv) derivatives of (iii), such as C ₁ -C ₅ alcohols of (iii) The derived ester and the general formula (R ⁹ ) (R ¹⁰ ) C═C (R ¹¹ ) (CH (R ⁷ ) (R ⁸ )) (R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are each independently hydrogen or carbonized A hydrogen group, ^11, R ⁷ and R ⁸ are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon based group, olefin preferably at least one, represented by a hydrocarbyl group is) containing at least 20 carbon atoms Polyolefin reacted with a derivative with any compound containing a bond. In one embodiment, the excluded hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent is a dicarboxylic acylating agent. In some of these embodiments, the excluded hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.

  The term “substantially free” means that the component of the present invention is mainly composed of substances other than the above-mentioned hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agents, and as a result, these agents are not significantly involved in the reaction. It means that the composition of the invention does not contain significant amounts of additives derived from such agents. In certain embodiments, the components of the present invention, or the composition of the present invention, may comprise less than 10% by weight of these agents or additives derived from these agents. In other embodiments, the maximum acceptable amount may be 5, 3, 2, 1 wt%, or 0.5 wt% or 0.1 wt%. One of the purposes of these embodiments is that agents such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydride can be excluded from the reaction of the present invention, and thus derived from agents such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, for example. It is also possible to eliminate quaternized salt detergent additives. The interest of the present invention is focused on polyester or superdispersants, quaternary salt detergent additives.

  Quaternizing agents useful for the preparation of the quaternized polyester salts described above include any of the quaternizing agents described above for other quaternized salts. In one embodiment, the quaternizing agent may be a hydrocarbyl epoxide combined with an acid. Examples of hydrocarbyl epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the quaternizing agent does not include styrene oxide.

  In certain embodiments, the acid used with the hydrocarbyl epoxide may be a separate component, such as acetic acid. In other embodiments, for example, when the hydrocarbyl acylating agent is a dicarboxylic acylating agent, a separate acid component is not required. In such embodiments, the detergent may be prepared by combining reactants that are essentially free or free of a separate acid component (eg, acetic acid), instead, hydrocarbyl acylation. You may rely on the acid groups of the agent. In other embodiments, a small amount of acid component may be present, but less than 0.2 moles, or less than 0.1 moles of acid may be present per mole of hydrocarbyl acylating agent.

  In certain embodiments, the quaternizing agent of the present invention does not include substituents containing more than 20 carbon atoms. In other words, in some embodiments, the resulting additive is organic soluble so that long substituents useful for the purposes of the present invention are not provided by a quaternizing agent, but are quaternized as described above. Not brought to the additive by detergents.

  In certain embodiments, the molar ratio of detergent with amine functionality to quaternizing agent is 1: 0.1-2, or 1: 1-1.5, or 1: 1-1.3. is there.

  In one embodiment, the hydrocarbyl substituted compound containing a tertiary amino group used to prepare the quaternary salt includes (1) a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent, and can be condensed with the acylating agent. A condensation product with a compound containing an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom and further containing a tertiary amino group; (2) a polyalkene-substituted amine containing at least one tertiary amino group; A Mannich reaction product containing a tertiary amino group, the Mannich reaction product being a product prepared from the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, an aldehyde and an amine; (4) containing a tertiary amino group Polyester; or any combination thereof.

In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component comprises a formula _{[Y-CO [O-A} -CO] n -Z r -R +] poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative represented by m ^{pX q-,} wherein Wherein Y is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, such as a hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl group, A is a divalent hydrocarbyl group, and n is 1 to 100, m is 1 to 4, q is 1 to 4, p is an integer such that pq = m, and Z is a divalent bridging group bonded to a carbonyl group by a nitrogen atom. , R is 0 or 1, R ⁺ is an ammonium group, and X ^q− is an anion. In certain embodiments, A in the formula of the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative is fully saturated.

In certain embodiments, these stabilizing component is represented by the formula _{[Y- [O-A-CO} ] n -Z r -R +] m pX q-, Y is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl - carbonyl group (e.g. , H-A-CO-), optionally substituted hydrocarbyl groups (e.g. HA- or HO-A-), e.g. hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl groups or hydrocarbonyl groups (e.g. HO-A-CO -), A is a divalent hydrocarbyl group, n is 1-100, m is 1-4, q is 1-4, p is pq = m Is an integer such that Z is a divalent bridging group bonded to the carbonyl group by a nitrogen atom, r is 0 or 1, R ⁺ is an ammonium group, and X ^q− is an anion It is. In certain embodiments, A in the formula of the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative is fully saturated.

In yet another embodiment, the stabilizing component is represented by the formula _{[H- [O-A-CO} ] (n + 1) -Z r -R +] m pX q-, wherein, A is a two Is a monovalent hydrocarbyl group, n is 1 to 100, m is 1 to 4, q is 1 to 4, p is an integer such that pq = m, and Z is , A divalent bridging group bonded to the carbonyl group by a nitrogen atom, r is 0 or 1, R ⁺ is an ammonium group, and X ^q− is an anion. In certain embodiments, A in the formula of the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative is fully saturated.

The poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative described above may also be referred to as a hyperdispersant. The R ⁺ group in the above formula may be a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium group. In certain embodiments, R ⁺ is a quaternary ammonium group. In certain embodiments, R ⁺ in the above superdispersant formula is represented by the formula —N ⁺ (R ² ) (R ³ ) (R ⁴ ), wherein R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ are hydrogen and alkyl It may be selected from a group (eg methyl).

In the above superdispersant formula, A may be a divalent linear or branched hydrocarbyl group. A may be a substituted aromatic, aliphatic or alicyclic linear or branched divalent hydrocarbyl group. In certain embodiments, A is an arylene group, an alkylene group, or an alkenylene group, especially having 4 to 25, 6 to 25, 8 to 24, 10 to 22, or 12 to 20 carbon atoms. It may be an arylene group, an alkylene group or an alkenylene group. In certain embodiments, at least 4, 6, or 8-14 carbon atoms are directly linked between the carbonyl group and the oxygen atom derived from the hydroxyl group. Optional substituents in the A group may be selected from hydroxy, halo or alkoxy groups, in particular _C1-4 alkoxy groups.

  In the above superdispersant formula, n ranges from 1 to 100, but the lower limit of n may be 2 or 3. The upper limit of n may be 100, 60, 40, 20 or 10. In other words, n is in the following ranges: 1-100; 2-100; 3-100; 1-60; 2-60; 3-60; 1-40; 2-40; 2-20; 3-20; 1-10; 2-10; and 3-10.

In the superdispersant formula above, Y is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group. Y may be an aryl, alkyl or alkenyl containing up to 50 carbon atoms, or in the range of 7-25 carbon atoms. For example, the optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group Y may conveniently be selected from heptyl, octyl, undecyl, lauryl, heptadecyl, heptadecenyl, heptadecadienyl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl. Other examples of Y include C _4-8 cycloalkyl, eg, cyclohexyl; polycycloalkyl, eg, a polycyclic terpenyl group derived from a naturally occurring acid (eg, abietic acid); aryl, eg, Phenyl; aralkyl, such as benzyl; and polyaryl, such as naphthyl, biphenyl, stilbenyl, and phenylmethylphenyl. Y includes one or more functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, nitro, hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, amino, preferably tertiary amino (no NH bond), oxy, cyano, sulfonyl and sulfoxyl You may go out. Most of the non-hydrogen atoms in a substituted hydrocarbyl group are generally carbon, and heteroatoms (eg, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur) are generally only about a small amount of non-hydrogen atoms present, about 33% Shows the following. One skilled in the art will recognize that a functional group in a substituted hydrocarbyl group Y, such as hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, nitro and cyano, replaces one of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbyl while a functional group in the substituted hydrocarbyl group such as carbonyl, It is understood that carboxyl, tertiary amino (—N—), oxy, sulfonyl and sulfoxyl replace the hydrocarbyl —CH— or —CH ₂ — moiety. In certain embodiments, Y is unsubstituted or substituted with a group selected from a hydroxy group, a halo group, or an alkoxy group, eg, a C _1-4 alkoxy group. In still further embodiments, Y is a group derived from a stearyl group, a 12-hydroxystearyl group, an oleyl group or a 12-hydroxyoleyl group, and a naturally occurring oil (eg, a tall oil fatty acid).

In the superdispersant formula above, Z may be an optionally substituted divalent bridging group represented by the formula: —N (R ¹ ) —B—, where R ¹ is a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group And B is an optionally substituted alkylene group. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups that may represent R ¹ include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, and octadecyl. Examples of optionally substituted alkylene groups that may represent B include ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, and hexamethylene. Examples of Z _{moiety, -NHCH 2 CH 2 -, -} NHCH 2 C (CH 3) 2 CH 2 -, and -NH _{(CH 2) 3} - and the like.

  In the above superdispersant formula, r is preferably 1, that is, the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative must contain an optionally substituted divalent bridging group Z.

The anion X ^q− is not critical in the above ^{superdispersant} formula, and is any anion (or mixture of anions) suitable to balance the positive charge of the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide cation. Also good. The anion X ^q− may be a sulfur-containing anion, such as a sulfate anion and a sulfonate anion. However, in some embodiments, the anion X ^q− is an anion that does not contain sulfur, such as an organic or inorganic anion that does not contain sulfur. Non-limiting examples of suitable anions include OH ⁻ , CH ⁻ , NH ₃ ⁻ , HCO ₃ ⁻ , HCOO ⁻ , CH ₃ COO ⁻ , H ⁻ , BO ₃ ³⁻ , CO ₃ ²⁻ , C ₂ H ₃ O _2. ⁻ , HCO ²⁻ , C ₂ O ₄ ²⁻ , HC ₂ O ₄ ⁻ , NO ₂ ⁻ , NO ₂ ⁻ , N ³⁻ , NH ₂ ⁻ , O ²⁻ , O ₂ ²⁻ , BeF ₃ ⁻ , F ⁻ , Na ⁻ , [Al (H ₂ O) ₂ (OH) ₄ ] ⁻ , SiO ₃ ⁻ , SiF ₆ ⁻ , H ₂ PO ₄ ⁻ , P ³⁻ , PO ₄ ³⁻ , HPO ₄ ²⁻ , Cl ⁻ , ClO ₃ ⁻ , ClO ₄ ⁻ , ClO ⁻ , KO ⁻ , SbOH ₆ ⁻ , SnCl ₆ ²⁻ , [SnTe ₄ ] ⁴⁻ , CrO ₄ ²⁻ , Cr ₂ O ₇ ²⁻ , MnO ₄ ⁻ , NiCl ₆ ²⁻ , [Cu (CO ₃ ) ₂ (OH) ₂ ] ₄₋ , AsO ₄ ³⁻ , Br ⁻ , BrO ₃ ⁻ , IO ₃ ⁻ , I ⁻ , CN ⁻ , OCN ⁻ and the like. Suitable anions include anions derived from compounds containing carboxylic acid groups (eg, carboxylic acid anions), anions derived from compounds containing hydroxyl groups (eg, alkoxide, phenoxide or enolate anions), nitrogen based anions ( For example, nitrates and nitrites), phosphorus anions (eg, phosphates and phosphonates), or anions derived from mixtures thereof may be included. Non-limiting examples of suitable anions derived from compounds containing carboxylic acid groups include acetate anions, oleate anions, salicylate anions, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of suitable anions derived from compounds containing hydroxyl groups include carboxylic acid anions, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the anion X ^q− is a sulfur-free anion selected from the group consisting of OH, phenate groups, salicylate groups, oleate groups, and acetate groups, and in still other embodiments, the anion is OH It is.

One or more poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivatives are amines and the formula Y—CO [O—A—CO] _n —OH, where Y is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, and A is A divalent optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, where n is 1-100, may be obtained by reaction of an acid or quaternizing agent. The poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) formula Y, A and n may be defined as above for the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative formula.

  As used herein, the term “hydrocarbyl” refers to a radical created by the removal of one or more hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon carbon atom (if more hydrogen atoms are removed). Are not necessarily the same carbon atoms). The hydrocarbyl group may be an aromatic group, an aliphatic group, an acyclic group or a cyclic group. Preferably, the hydrocarbyl group is aryl, cycloalkyl, alkyl or alkenyl, and in some cases may be a straight chain or a branched group. Typical hydrocarbyl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, methyl, ethyl, butyl, pentyl, methylpentyl, hexenyl, dimethylhexyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, methylcyclooctenyl, dimethylcyclooctyl, ethylhexyl, octyl, isooctyl, dodecyl, hexadecenyl , Eicosyl, hexacosyl, triacontyl, and phenylethyl. The phrase “optionally substituted hydrocarbyl” is used to describe a hydrocarbyl group optionally containing a functional group containing one or more “inert” heteroatoms. “Inert” means a functional group that does not interfere to any significant extent with the function of the compound.

  In one embodiment, at least one or all of the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivatives are sulfur-containing derivatives. In such embodiments, the derivative, when measured by ICP-AES, has a maximum sulfur content of 2.5% by weight, eg 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the derivative. %, Or 0.6 to 1.2% by weight. In another embodiment of the invention, the one or more poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivatives are sulfur-free derivatives.

  The group (—O—A—CO—) and its amide salt derivative in the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) described above may be a 12-oxystearyl group, a 12-oxyoleyl group or a 6-oxycaproyl group.

  Examples of the amine that reacts with poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) to form a poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide intermediate include those defined in WO 97/41092. The amine reactant may be a diamine, triamine or polyamine. Suitable examples include diamines selected from ethylenediamine, N, N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine and tris (2-aminoethyl) amine. And triamines selected from:

  Amidation of an amine reactant with (poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) can be accomplished by methods known to those skilled in the art by combining the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) and amine reactant, optionally in a suitable hydrocarbon solvent (eg toluene Or xylene), and the water formed may be removed azeotropically by a catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, zinc acetate, zirconium naphthenate or tetrabutyl titanate. It may be performed in the presence.

  A salt derivative is prepared by reacting a poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide intermediate produced from the reaction of an amine and poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) with an acid or a quaternizing agent by a known method. The acid that can be used to produce the salt derivative may be selected from organic or inorganic acids. The acid is conveniently selected from carboxylic acids, organic and inorganic acids containing nitrogen, organic or inorganic acids containing sulfur (eg, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, and benzenesulfonic acid).

  Quaternizing agents that can be used to make the salt derivatives are dimethyl sulfate, dialkyl sulfates containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl halides (eg methyl chloride, methyl bromide), aryl halides (eg , Benzyl chloride). In one embodiment, the quaternizing agent is a sulfur-containing quaternizing agent, in particular dimethyl sulfate or a dialkyl sulfate containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example dimethyl sulfate. Quaternization is a method well known in the art. For example, quaternization with dimethyl sulfate is described in US Pat. No. 3,996,059, US Pat. No. 4,349,389 and GB 1 373 660.

  In certain embodiments, the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative has a TBN (total base number) value of less than 10 mg KOH / gram, or less than 5 mg KOH / gram, or 2 mg as measured by ASTM D 4739. Less than KOH / gram. Examples of commercially available poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivatives include those available from Lubrizol under the trade name “SOLPERSE 17000” (poly (12-hydroxystearic acid) and N, N-dimethyl-1, Reaction products of 3-propanediamine and dimethyl sulfate), and those available from Shanghai Sanzheng Polymer Company under the trade names "CH-5" and "CH-7".

  In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component comprises a high molecular weight polyether amine, which reacts one unit of a hydroxy-containing hydrocarbyl compound with two or more units of butylene oxide to form a polyether intermediate. And amination of the polyether intermediate by reacting the polyether intermediate with an amine or acrylonitrile, and hydrogenating the reaction product of the polyether intermediate and acrylonitrile.

  Suitable polyether amines may contain two or more ether units and are generally prepared from polyether intermediates. The polyether intermediate may be a reaction product of one unit of a hydroxy-containing hydrocarbyl compound and two or more units of butylene oxide. The hydroxy-containing hydrocarbyl compound may be an alcohol or an alkyl-substituted phenol, where the alkyl substituent of the alcohol or phenol is 1 to 50 carbon atoms, in the second case 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a third In the case of 8 to 24 carbon atoms. The alkyl substituent of the alcohol or phenol may comprise a straight carbon chain, a branched carbon chain, or a mixture thereof. The hydroxy-containing hydrocarbyl compound may contain one or more hydroxyl groups.

  The polyether intermediate resulting from the reaction of the hydroxy-containing hydrocarbyl compound with butylene oxide comprises 2 to 100 repeating butylene oxide units, in the second embodiment 5 to 50 repeating butylene oxide units, and the third implementation. In the form, it may contain 15 to 30 repeating butylene oxide units. US Pat. No. 5,094,667 provides reaction conditions for preparing polyether intermediates.

  The high molecular weight polyether amines of the present invention can be prepared from the polyether intermediates described above prepared from butylene oxide.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, as described in US Pat. No. 5,094,667, a polyether intermediate derived from butylene oxide is reacted with acrylonitrile to produce a nitrile and then hydrogen. The polyetheramine is prepared by forming a 3-aminopropyl polyether at the end.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, a polyether intermediate derived from butylene oxide and an amine are reacted in an amination reaction as described in European Patent Publication No. EP 310875 to obtain an aminated polyether. To prepare a polyetheramine. The amine may be a primary or secondary monoamine, a polyamine containing an amino group having a reactive N—H bond, or ammonia.

  The high molecular weight polyetheramines of the present invention may have a number average molecular weight of 300 or 350 to 5000, in other cases 400 to 3500, in further cases 450 to 2500, and 1000 to 2000.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the high molecular weight polyetheramine of the present invention may be represented by the formula R (OCH ₂ CHR ¹ ) _x A, where R is a C ₆ -C ₃₀ alkyl group or A C ₆ -C ₃₀ alkyl substituted phenyl group; R ¹ is ethyl; x is a number from 5 to 50; A is OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ or —NR ² R ³ ; Where R ² and R ³ are independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, or — (R ⁴ NR ⁵ ) _y R ⁶ , wherein R ⁴ is an alkylene containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group and y is a number from 1 to 7. Throughout this specification, an alkylene group is a divalent alkane group. In a further embodiment of the polyetheramine of the present invention, R _is a C 8 _{-C 24} alkyl group, x is a number of 15 to 30, A is _{-OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2} .

In certain embodiments, the high molecular weight polyetheramine is represented by the formula R (OCH ₂ CHR ¹ ) _x A, where R is a C ₆ -C ₃₀ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₃₀ alkyl substituted phenyl. a group; ^{R 1} is ethyl; x is a number of 5 to 50; is _a, a -OCH _{2 CH 2} CH ₂ NH ₂ or ^-NR 2 ^{R 3,} wherein, ^{R 2} and R ³ is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, or — (R ⁴ NR ⁵ ) _y R ⁶ , where R ⁴ is an alkylene group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ⁵ and R ⁶ is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, and y is a number from 1 to 7.

  In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component comprises an alkanolamine substituted phenol, wherein the phenol comprises a hydrocarbyl substituent. A suitable material may be represented by the following formula:

式中、Ｒ１は、ヒドロカルビル基であり、Ｒ^２は、ヒドロカルビレン基であり、各Ｒ^３は、独立して、ヒドロカルビレン基であり、各Ｒ^４は、独立して、水素またはヒドロカルビレン基である。ある実施形態では、Ｒ^１は、１〜２０個、８〜２０個、８〜１６個、１０〜１４個、または約１２個の炭素原子を含み；Ｒ^２は、１〜８個、１〜６個、１〜４個、少なくとも１個の炭素原子を含むか、または約１個の炭素原子を含み；各Ｒ^３基は、１〜８個、１〜６個、１〜４個、２〜４個、少なくとも２個の炭素原子、または約２個の炭素原子を含み、同じであってもよく；各Ｒ^４基は、水素、または１〜８個、１〜６個、１〜４個、２〜４個、少なくとも２個の炭素原子、または約２個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビレン基であり、同じであってもよい。

Wherein R ¹ is a hydrocarbyl group, R ² is a hydrocarbylene group, each R ³ is independently a hydrocarbylene group, and each R ⁴ is independently hydrogen or hydro Carbylene group. In certain embodiments, R ¹ comprises 1-20, 8-20, 8-16, 10-14, or about 12 carbon atoms; R ² is 1-8, 6, 1-4, containing at least 1 carbon atom or containing about 1 carbon atom; each R ³ group is 1-8, 1-6, 1-4, 2 -4, at least 2 carbon atoms, or about 2 carbon atoms and may be the same; each R ⁴ group is hydrogen, or 1-8, 1-6, 1-4 , 2-4, at least 2 carbon atoms, or hydrocarbylene groups containing about 2 carbon atoms, which may be the same.

  In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component comprises a low molecular weight acylated nitrogen compound derived from an alkyl succinic anhydride and an alkanolamine.

  The stabilizing component may be a low molecular weight acylated nitrogen compound, and in certain embodiments may be described as an amino ester or amino ester salt. These materials consisted of alkyl succinic anhydride and alkanolamine in a ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1, 1: 5 to 5: 1, 3: 5 to 5: 3, 1: 2 to 2: 1, 1: 1. May be prepared from the combined reactions. The alkyl group of the alkyl succinic anhydride has from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms; from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, from about 9 to about 18 carbon atoms, in particular from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. It may be a hydrocarbyl group containing an atom. The alkyl group of the alkyl succinic anhydride may be saturated, unsaturated, branched, straight chain, or a mixture thereof. In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is linear.

  Alkyl succinic anhydrides contain about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms; about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, about 9 to about 18 carbon atoms, especially about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. It may be a reaction product of a branched or straight chain olefin and maleic anhydride. This reaction is well known to those skilled in the art. Suitable examples of alkyl succinic anhydrides include dodecenyl succinic anhydride, pentadecenyl succinic anhydride, hexadecenyl succinic anhydride, octadecenyl succinic anhydride, heptadecenyl succinic acid An anhydride etc. are mentioned.

  The alkanolamine component of the acylated nitrogen compound of the present invention is an amino alcohol, such as ethanolamine (including monoethanol, diethanol, and triethanolamine), or propanolamine (including monoethanol, diethanol, and triethanolamine). Where the nitrogen is directly attached to the carbon of the alkyl alcohol. Examples of alkanolamine components of acylated nitrogen compounds include monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, methylethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, dibutylethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanol Examples include amines. Examples of these alkanolamines are well known to those skilled in the art. In certain embodiments, the alkanolamine used in the preparation of the compatibilizer is triethanolamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropanol, N, N-diethylaminopropanol, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylamino. Butanol, N, N, N-tris (hydroxyethyl) amine, or a mixture thereof.

  Reaction products of alkyl succinic anhydrides or acid or ester derivatives thereof with alkanolamines include amides, imides, esters, amine salts, ester-amides, ester-amine salts, amide-amine salts, acid-amides, Acid-esters, and mixtures thereof. The reaction of alkyl succinic anhydrides with alkanolamines and the resulting products are readily known to those skilled in the art.

  The stabilizing component may be an aromatic carboxylic acid / amine salt or an abietic acid / amine salt that is a salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid and / or abietic acid and an amine (eg, a fatty amine). However, in other embodiments, these moderately stabilizing compounds may be excluded from the compositions of the present invention or other stable compounds described to provide comparable performance Requires at least an amount greater than either of the above. This is some embodiments where these materials are part of the present invention, and in other embodiments these materials are used at least if more consistent performance is required and / or lower If it is a concentration, more may be processed than the comparative example.

  The aromatic carboxylic acid may contain an aliphatic moiety containing a carboxylic acid group, and the aliphatic moiety may contain 1 to 26 or more carbon atoms, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Alternatively, the aromatic carboxylic acid may have a carboxylic acid group directly bonded to an aromatic moiety (for example, benzoic acid). Suitable aromatic carboxylic acids include benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, phenylpropionic acid, phenylbutyric acid, phenylpentanoic acid, phenylhexanoic acid, phenylheptanoic acid, phenyloctanoic acid, phenylnonanoic acid, phenyldecanoic acid , Phenyldodecanoic acid, phenyltetradecanoic acid, phenylhexadecanoic acid, and phenyloctadecanoic acid.

  In addition, the aromatic carboxylic acid may include a phenyl version of any of the above-mentioned acids, where a hydroxy group is present in the aromatic ring and is generally an aliphatic moiety containing a carboxylic acid group. Adjacent to. An example of the acid is salicylic acid.

  The acid part of the amine salt may contain a hydroxy group, an oxy group, or may contain an ester part. Hydroxycarboxylic acids include phenylhydroxycarboxylic acids containing hydroxyalkyl groups that may contain 3 to 26 carbon atoms. Phenyl or one or more other aryl rings can be alkyl groups containing 1 to 12 or more than 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, hydroxy, carbamyl, carboalkoxy, amide or It may contain one or more substituents attached to it, including aminoalkyl groups.

  When one substituent is present, it may generally be in the para position of the carboxylic acid moiety when it is present without counting the hydroxy group of the phenyl ring as a substituent. When two or more substituents are present, these substituents may generally be in the 3, 4 or 3, 5 position of the phenyl ring. Specific examples include metatoluic acid or p-toluic acid, meta-hydroxybenzoic acid or para-hydroxybenzoic acid, anisic acid and gallic acid.

  Suitable amines for use in preparing the salt are not unduly limited and may include any alkyl amine, but are generally fatty acid amines derived from fatty carboxylic acids. The alkyl group present in the amine may contain 10 to 30 carbon atoms, or 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and may be linear or branched. In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is straight chain and unsaturated. Typical amines include pentadecylamine, octadecylamine, cetylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, dimethyldodecylamine, tridecylamine, heptadecylamine, octadecylamine, stearylamine, and any combination thereof . In some embodiments, the amine salt derived from the fatty acid of oleylamine salicylic acid.

  Salts are prepared in any suitable manner and generally involve mixing the amine and acid under conditions designed to avoid conversion to an amide, ester or other condensation product. In one embodiment, substantially equimolar fractions of amine and acid are used. However, if desired, an excess of amine may be used, in which case the mole fraction ranges from about 1.0 to about 1.2 mole fraction per mole of acid. May be.

  In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component is a fatty acid amino salicylate, that is, a fatty amine salt of salicylic acid wherein the fatty amine used in the preparation of the salt is derived from a fatty acid.

  Suitable amines for use in the preparation of amino salicylates are not unduly limited and may include any alkyl amine, but are generally fatty acid amines derived from fatty carboxylic acids. The alkyl group present in the amine may contain 10 to 30 carbon atoms, or 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and may be linear or branched. In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is straight chain and unsaturated. Typical amines include pentadecylamine, octadecylamine, cetylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, dimethyldodecylamine, tridecylamine, heptadecylamine, octadecylamine, stearylamine, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, an amine salt derived from the fatty acid of oleylamine salicylic acid.

  In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component comprises a nitrogen-containing dispersant or a borated version thereof. The nitrogen-containing dispersant may be a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent and a polyamine, and may be optionally boronated. Such materials are described in US Pat. No. 4,234,435. In related embodiments, the stabilizing component comprises: (i) a nitrogen-containing dispersant; (ii) a nitrogen boride-containing dispersant; (iii) an alkyl imidazoline; (iv) a reaction product of a polyethylene polyamine and a fatty acid; A combination of these may be used.

  Hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acylating agents may include succinic acid, halides, esters, and anhydrides. In certain embodiments, the agent is succinic anhydride. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbyl group of the agent has a Mn (number average molecular weight) from 500, 750, or 850 to 5000, 3000, 2000, or 1600 and is polydisperse (Mw / Mn), , Derived from polyalkenes having a ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight of 1.5, 1.8, or 2, or 2.5, 3.6, or 3.2. In certain embodiments, the nitrogen-free dispersants of the present invention are derived from hydrocarbon polymers such as polyisobutylene (PIB) that are substantially free of polymers with Mn greater than 1600 or 1600-3000.

  The PIB may be conventional PIB, or may be highly reactive PIB and / or high vinylidene PIB. In one embodiment, the PIB used is a conventional PIB, in another embodiment, the PIB used is a highly reactive PIB, and in yet another embodiment, the PIB used is a conventional PIB. A mixture of PIB and highly reactive PIB.

  The amine that reacts with the succinic acylating agent may be a polyamine. The polyamine may be aliphatic, alicyclic, heterocyclic or aromatic. Examples of polyamines include alkylene polyamines, hydroxy-containing polyamines, aromatic polyamines, and heterocyclic polyamines. Examples of such an alkylene polyamine include ethylene polyamine, butylene polyamine, propylene polyamine, and pentylene polyamine. Also included are higher homologs and related heterocyclic amines such as piperazine and N-aminoalkyl substituted piperazines. Specific examples of such polyamines include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tris- (2-aminoethyl) amine, propylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, tripropylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). ), Hexaethyleneheptamine, pentaethylenehexamine, and mixtures thereof.

  Suitable polyamines are described in Kirk Othmer's “Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology”, 2d Edition, Vol. 7, 22-37, Interscience Publishers, New York (l965), as described under the heading Ethyleneamine, which also includes ethylene polyamines. These materials are complex mixtures of polyalkylene polyamines containing cyclic condensation products (eg, piperazine as described above).

  Another useful class of polyamine mixtures are those obtained by stripping the polyamine mixtures described above, leaving a residue often referred to as "polyamine bottom". In general, alkylene polyamine bottoms may be characterized in that less than 2% (by weight), usually less than 1% (by weight) of material boils below 200 ° C. A typical sample of such an ethylene polyamine bottom obtained under the name “E-100” from Dow Chemical Company (Freeport, TX) has a specific gravity at 15.6 ° C. of 1.0168 and the weight of nitrogen. % Is 33.15 and the viscosity at 40 ° C. is 121 centistokes. Gas chromatographic analysis of such a sample shows 0.93% “Light End” (most likely DETA), 0.72% TETA, 21.74% TEPA, and 76. Includes 61% pentaethylenehexamine and higher (by weight). These alkylene polyamine bottoms include cyclic condensation products (eg piperazine) and higher analogs of diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, and the like. These alkylene polyamine bottoms may be reacted only with the acylating agent or may be used with other amines and / or polyamines.

  In certain embodiments, the nitrogen-containing dispersant is derived from the reaction of one or more amines described above with a fatty carboxylic acid. Suitable fatty carboxylic acids include monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids, including hydrocarbyls containing 6, 10 or 12 to 100, 60, 30 or 24 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbyl group may be straight or branched and in one embodiment comprises one methyl branch at the end of the hydrocarbyl chain. Specific examples of suitable acids include dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid (including isostearic acid), icosanoic acid, and the like. Smaller acids may be used in combination with those described above (eg, adipic acid, succinic acid, octanedioic acid, etc.). In certain embodiments, these nitrogen-containing dispersants are prepared from isostearic acid and an alkylene polyamine, such as DETA, TETA, and / or TEPA.

  Further, the nitrogen-containing dispersant may be boronated. Typically, the borated dispersant comprises 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, or 0.5 wt% to 4 wt%, or 0.7 wt% to 3 wt% boron. In one embodiment, the borated dispersant is a borated acylated amine, such as a borated succinimide dispersant. Boronated dispersants are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,000,916; 3,087,936; 3,254,025; 3,282,955; 3,313,727; , 491,025; 3,533,945; 3,666,662; 4,925,983. Boronated dispersants are prepared by reaction of one or more dispersants with one or more boron compounds. Any dispersant described herein may be boronated during or after the reaction of the hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent with the amine.

  In one embodiment, the boron compound is an alkali metal borate or a borate mixed with an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal. These metal borates are generally hydrated granular metal borates known in the art. The alkali metal borate includes a borate mixed with an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,997,454; 3,819,521; 3,853,772; 3,907,601; 3,997,454; 4,089,790 Disclose suitable alkali borates and alkali metal borates and alkaline earth metal borates, and methods for their production. In one embodiment, the boron compound is boric acid.

  The nitrogen-containing dispersant of the present invention may be post-treated by reaction with various optional agents other than the boronating agent. In particular, urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazole, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, succinic anhydrides substituted with hydrocarbons, nitriles, epoxides, and phosphorus compounds. References detailing such processing are listed in US Pat. No. 4,654,403.

  In one embodiment, the nitrogen-containing dispersants of the present invention are boronated and may be derived from PIB with Mn less than 1600, or 850 or 900-1500 or 1200.

  In one embodiment, the nitrogen-containing dispersant of the present invention is any one or more of the following. Boronated succinimide dispersant derived from reaction of boric acid with a mixture of polyethylene polyamine and / or bottom and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derived from conventional PIB; boric acid and polyethylene polyamine and / or Or a boronated succinimide dispersant derived from the reaction of a mixture of bottoms with polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derived from high vinylidene PIB; derived from the reaction of polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant with boric acid Boron dispersants, wherein the dispersant is derived from a mixture of polyethylene polyamine and / or bottom and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derived from conventional PIB; derived from high vinylidene PIB Derived from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and TEPA Non-borated alkyl imidazolines derived from a polyalkylene amine and fatty monocarboxylic acid; non-borated polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant that.

  In still other embodiments, the nitrogen-containing dispersant used in the stabilizing component of the present invention comprises at least one hydrocarbyl group containing from 10, 20, or 40 to 500, 400, or 250 carbon atoms. Also, the dispersant may be at least 9, 10, 15 or 20 TBN (defined below and measured by ASTM D4739). If the dispersant is boronated, its TBN may be at least 9. If the dispersant is not borated, its TBN may be at least 20. In further embodiments in which the dispersant is borated, it may contain at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 weight percent boron. The borated dispersant may comprise 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 wt% to 4 or 2 wt% boron. In still other embodiments, the dispersant may have an N: CO ratio greater than 0.7: 1. The N: CO ratio of the dispersant is the equivalent ratio of amino groups and carboxyl groups in the dispersant molecule. If the dispersant is borated, its N: CO ratio may be at least 0.7: 1, or at least 0.75: 1. If the dispersant is not borated, the N: CO ratio may have a higher boundary value, for example, the N: CO ratio is at least 1: 1 or 1.3: 1, or at least 1.6: 1 may be sufficient. The N: CO ratio of the dispersant may generally be 4: 1 or less, 3: 1 or less, or 2: 1 or less. Any of the above features may be used in combination with other features.

  Any of the stabilizing components described above may be used alone, with the exception of one or more of the listed components, but in other embodiments, any combination of two or more of these may be used. Good.

  Useful compatibilizers may be more generally described as compounds having at least one hydrogen donating group, at least one hydrogen accepting group, and at least one hydrocarbyl group. The groups are not separated by more than 8 bonds, and the counted bonds may include covalent or ionic bonds, and generally include both types of bonds together. Good.

  In some embodiments, the hydrocarbyl group of the compatibilizer compound is sufficient to provide solubility in the compatibilizer in the medium used, while in other embodiments, at least 8, 10, 14, or Contains 20 carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, the hydrocarbyl group of the compatibilizer compound may be any hydrocarbyl group as defined above in connection with the compatibilizer component.

A hydrogen donating group is a substituent or atom that can donate a proton to another compound. This group itself may be described as a hydrogen donor group. Suitable examples of hydrogen donating groups included in the present invention include —OH, —OR, —C (O) OH, —C (O) OR, —SH, —NRH, —NH ₂ , —NR ₂ H, — NRH _2, and a -NH _3, wherein each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group. A suitable example may have a positive charge.

  A hydrogen accepting group is a substituent or atom that can accept a proton. This group itself may be described as a hydrogen accepting group. Suitable examples of hydrogen accepting groups included in the present invention are ═O, —C (O) OH, —C (O) OR, ═S, —NRH, —NRR, —NHH, wherein each R Are independently hydrocarbyl groups; carboxylic acid derivatives such as carboxylic acid anions, imides, amides, imidazolines, anhydrides or esters; or phosphates or thiophosphates. Further examples of hydrogen accepting groups include the anions described above. A suitable example may have a negative charge.

  In other embodiments, the acceptor and donor groups described above have at least 1 to 4, 6, 7, or 8 bonds, at least 2, or 3 to 6, 7, or 8 and less, and Separated by two or more to four or fewer bonds. In some embodiments, the compatibilizer compound comprises at least one set of groups (ie, at least one acceptor group and at least one donor group), while in other embodiments, the compatibilizer compound comprises multiple sets. May be included. For example, the compatibilizer compound may include at least two accepting groups and at least two donor groups, or may include a greater number of groups. Useful compatibilizer compounds may contain one set of acceptor and donor groups, two sets of these groups, or three sets of these groups. While not wishing to be bound by theory, increasing the number of acceptor and donor group sets improves the compound's performance as a compatibilizer, but the distance between these groups is between the groups. Although measured by the number of bonds, this is also believed to affect the performance of the compatibilizer. In addition, it is believed that the acceptor and donor functional groups can be hindered when the functional groups are sterically bulky.

  Suitable compatibilizers are: (i) one hydrogen accepting group and one hydrogen donating group; (ii) one hydrogen accepting group and two or more hydrogen donating groups; (iii) two or more hydrogens It may contain an accepting group and one hydrogen donating group; or (iv) two or more hydrogen accepting groups and two or more hydrogen donating groups.

  In some embodiments, the compatibilizer component is (i) a compound comprising at least one set of acceptor and donor groups, separated by less than 4 bonds, the bond comprising both covalent and ionic bonds, ii) a compound comprising at least one hydrogen accepting group (e.g. a nitrogen atom) and at least 2 or 3 hydrogen donor groups (e.g. -OH group) separated by 1 to 8 bonds; iii) a compound comprising at least two sets of accepting and donating groups, each set of groups separated by 1 to 8 bonds, wherein the bond contains both covalent and ionic bonds, or any of these Includes combinations.

  In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component, component (c), is a compound represented by the following formula:

またはその塩化したバージョンを本質的に含まないか、または含まず、式中、Ｘ^１はＯまたはＮＲ^５であり、Ｒ^１およびＲ^５は、場合により連結して環を形成していてもよく；Ｒ^３は、Ｈまたはヒドロカルビルであり；Ｒ^４は、Ｈ、ヒドロカルビル基、−ＣＨ_２Ｃ（Ｏ）−Ｘ^２であり、Ｘ^２は−ＯＨであるか、またはＲ^４は、Ｒ^２と連結して環を生成し、連結した−Ｒ^４−Ｒ^２−基は、−ＣＨ_２Ｃ（Ｏ）−であり；ここで、各Ｒ^１は、独立して、Ｈ、ヒドロカルビル基または−（ＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２ＮＨ）_ｎ−Ｈであり、ｎは、１〜１０の整数であり；各Ｒ^２は、独立して、Ｈ、ヒドロカルビル基または−（ＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２ＮＨ）_ｎ−Ｈであり、ｎは、１〜１０であるか、またはＲ^２は、Ｒ^４と連結して環を生成し、連結した−Ｒ^４−Ｒ^２−基は、−ＣＨ_２Ｃ（Ｏ）−であり；Ｒ^５は、ヒドロカルビル基であるが、但し、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^３、Ｒ^４またはＲ^５のうち、少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビル基であり、化合物は、全体として少なくとも１０個の炭素原子を含む。ある実施形態では、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^３、Ｒ^４またはＲ^５のうち、少なくとも１つが、少なくとも１０個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基である。

Or essentially free or free of its salified version, wherein X ¹ is O or NR ⁵ and R ¹ and R ⁵ may optionally be linked to form a ring. R ³ is H or hydrocarbyl; R ⁴ is H, a hydrocarbyl group, —CH ₂ C (O) —X ² , X ² is —OH, or R ⁴ is R ² and The linked —R ⁴ —R ² — groups are —CH ₂ C (O) —, wherein each R ¹ is independently H, a hydrocarbyl group or — ( CH ₂ CH ₂ NH) _n —H, n is an integer from 1 to 10; each R ² is independently H, a hydrocarbyl group or — (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH) _n —H. , N is 1-10, or R ² is linked to R ⁴ to form a ring and linked The —R ⁴ —R ² — group is —CH ₂ C (O) —; R ⁵ is a hydrocarbyl group provided that of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ or R ⁵ , At least one is a hydrocarbyl group and the compound as a whole contains at least 10 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, at least one of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ or R ⁵ is a hydrocarbyl group containing at least 10 carbon atoms.

  In still further embodiments, component (c), which is a stabilizing component, does not include a compound represented by one or more of the following formulas:

式中、各Ｒ^６は、独立してヒドロカルビル基であり；各Ｘ^３は、独立して、ポリエチレンポリアミンから誘導される窒素含有基であり；ｎは、１〜１０の整数であってもよい。

Wherein each R ⁶ is independently a hydrocarbyl group; each X ³ is independently a nitrogen-containing group derived from a polyethylene polyamine; n may be an integer from 1-10. .

  In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component excludes certain nitrogen-containing dispersants or borated versions thereof. For example, the computerized component of the present invention is a nitrogen-containing dispersion that is a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent and a polyamine, but does not contain a quaternized nitrogen atom. The agent, or a borated version thereof, may be essentially free or free.

  In one embodiment, the stabilizing component, component (c), is derived from the reaction of boric acid, a mixture of polyethylene polyamine and / or bottom, and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derived from conventional PIB. Boronated and non-quaternized succinimide dispersant; derived from the reaction of boric acid with a mixture of polyethylene polyamine and / or bottom and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derived from high vinylidene PIB Boronated succinimide non-quaternized dispersant; Boronated non-quaternized dispersant derived from the reaction of polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant with boric acid, wherein the dispersant is A polyisobutenyl succinate derived from conventional PIB with a mixture of polyethylene polyamine and / or bottom Derived from an anhydride; a non-borated, non-quaternized polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant derived from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derived from high vinylidene PIB and TEPA; A non-borated alkyl imidazoline derived from an alkylene amine and a fatty monocarboxylic acid.

  In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component does not include an overbased detergent. In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component does not include a phosphorus-containing additive, such as hydrocarbyl phosphate, hydrocarbyl thiophosphate, amine salt of hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, or combinations thereof.

  In certain embodiments, the stabilizing component of the present invention is essentially free of compounds represented by the following formula:

式中、Ｘ^１は、酸素原子、硫黄原子、または＞ＮＲ^２であり；Ｘ^２は、酸素原子または硫黄原子であり；Ｘ^３は、炭素原子、Ｓ＝ＯまたはＰ（ＯＲ^２）であり；Ｙ^１は、−Ｒ^２、−ＯＲ^２、−Ｏ^−＋ＮＨＲ^１（Ｒ^２）_２、−Ｓ^−＋ＮＨＲ^１（Ｒ^２）_２であり、Ｒ^１は、ヒドロカルビレン基であり；Ｒ^２は、ヒドロカルビル基または−Ｈであり；各ｎは、独立して０または１である。

Wherein X ¹ is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or> NR ² ; X ² is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; X ³ is a carbon atom, S═O or P (OR ² ) Y ¹ is —R ² , —OR ² , —O ^{− +} NHR ¹ (R ² ) ₂ , —S ^{− +} NHR ¹ (R ² ) ₂ , and R ¹ is a hydrocarbylene group; R ² is a hydrocarbyl group or —H; each n is independently 0 or 1.

  In still further embodiments, the stabilizing component of the present invention does not include: (Ii) a borated succinimide dispersant derived from the reaction of boric acid with a mixture of polyethylene polyamine and / or bottom and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derived from conventional PIB; (ii) boric acid A boronated succinimide dispersant derived from the reaction of a mixture of polyethylene polyamine and / or bottom with polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derived from high vinylidene PIB; (iii) polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant A borated dispersant derived from the reaction of boric acid with a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derived from conventional PIB and a mixture of polyethylene polyamine and / or bottom. (Iv) polyisobutenyl derived from high vinylidene PIB Non-borated polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant derived from succinic anhydride and TEPA; (v) an overbased detergent for calcium sulfonate derived from sulfonic acid; (vi) derived from alkylated phenol (Vii) an amine salt of a mixture of phosphoric acid and ester; (viii) an amine salt of a mixture of dithiophosphoric acid and ester; or a mixture thereof. On the other hand, the friction modifier contains any of the friction modifiers described above. In certain embodiments, the friction modifier component includes oleyl tartarimide, stearyl tartarimide, 2-ethylhexyl tartarimide, or combinations thereof, and any other friction modifiers described above, particularly those described herein. Additional friction modifiers that do not have compatibility and / or solubility issues in the described media and / or functional fluid composition may also be included.

(Industrial applicability)
The invention includes (a) a medium comprising a solvent, a functional fluid, or a combination thereof; (b) a friction modifier component comprising a phosphorus-containing compound that is not completely soluble in the medium; and (c) (a) A process for preparing a composition comprising a stabilizing component that is soluble and interacts with (b) to increase the solubility of (b) in (a), wherein the stabilizing component is at least 1 Including a compound comprising one hydrogen donating group, at least one hydrogen accepting group and at least one hydrocarbyl group, wherein the hydrogen donating group and the hydrogen accepting group are not separated by more than 8 covalent and ionic bonds . The process of the present invention includes adding component (b) and component (c) to component (a), such that the particles of component (b) and component (c) have an average particle size of less than 10 microns. Mixing the ingredients. With the process of the present invention, the friction modifier does not precipitate out of solution, does not cause cloudiness or turbidity of the mixture, remains suspended, dispersed and / or remains dissolved in the mixture, or a combination thereof. And / or a stable mixture, or a clear and / or stable mixture that exhibits at least an improvement in one or more of these areas when compared to the same composition without a stabilizing component.

  While not wishing to be bound by theory, in at least some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is a friction modifier component solubilized in a complex with a compatibilizing agent, so that the friction in the total composition. It is believed to improve the stability and / or compatibility of the modifier component.

  In certain embodiments, the process of the present invention results in a mixture with increased clarity that is identified by a lower JTU and / or NTU value compared to the same composition without a stabilizing component. .

  In certain embodiments, the composition of the present invention and / or the composition resulting from the process of the present invention includes both a finished functional fluid and an additive concentrate. The finished functional fluid is a fluid ready for use. The additive concentrate is a composition in concentrated form, which may contain all the additives necessary for the finished fluid. This makes transportation and handling easier. When appropriate, the additive concentrate may be blended with fluids, solvents (eg, oils), or similar diluents, and additional additives to produce a finished functional fluid ready for use.

  As noted above, components (b) and (c), or (b) alone may be present in component (a) in the form of dispersed particles having an average diameter of less than 10 microns. In certain embodiments, the particles have an average diameter of less than 10 microns, less than 5 microns, or less than 3 microns. In other embodiments, the particles have an average diameter of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 or 0.09 microns to 10, 6, 5 or 3 microns. In certain embodiments, 80% of the particles meet one or more of the particle size limits described above. In other embodiments, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100% of the particles meet the particle size limit. That is, in some embodiments, no more than 10% by weight of the particles have a diameter greater than 10, 5, 3, 1 or 0.5 microns. The means by which the particles are produced is not unduly limited and may include mixing components (a), (b) and (c) using conventional equipment and / or techniques.

  When referring to the finished functional fluid, the composition according to the invention comprises from 1, 3 or 10% by weight to 99, 80 or 70% by weight of medium (a); 0.1, 0.15 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 or 1.0% by weight of component (b) which is a friction modifier of 10 to 7.5, 5, 4 or 3% by weight; 2, 0.3, 0.5 or 2.0% by weight to 20, 10, 8, 5, 4 or 2% by weight of component (c) which is a stabilizing component.

  When referring to an additive concentrate, the composition according to the invention comprises 0.1, 1, 3 or 10% by weight of component (a) which is a medium of 90, 60, 50, 30 or 20% by weight; From 0.1, 0.15, 0.5, 1, 5 or 8 wt% to 60, 30, 20 or 10 wt% of a friction modifier component (b); 0.1, 0.2, 0 .3, 0.5 or 2.0% by weight to 20, 10, 8, 5, 4 or 2% by weight of component (c) of the stabilizing component. As described above, in certain embodiments, the media and stabilizing component may be the same material, in which case the dual function material is above for either component (a) or (c). It may exist in any given range.

  In certain embodiments, the composition of the present invention comprises a component such that component (b) forms small particles in component (a) and component (c) acts to stabilize these particles. Made by mixing (b) and (c) in component (a). In certain embodiments, component (c) and component (b) produce mixed particles in component (a). In certain embodiments, some or all of the produced particles are within the particle size ranges described above. In other embodiments, some or all of the particles are larger than the particle sizes described above.

  In certain embodiments, the components of the present invention are mixed by conventional means. The amount of mixing required varies from composition to composition and is sufficient to produce particles having the desired particle size and / or stability. In some embodiments, mixing may be achieved by grinding the ingredients, and in yet other embodiments, mixing may be accomplished by grinding the ingredients at a low temperature.

  Mixing may be in the form of a grinding process using conventional grinding equipment and techniques. However, in some embodiments, milling is completed at low temperatures, in some embodiments below 30 ° C., and in other embodiments from −10, 0 or 5 ° C. to 30, 25 or 20 ° C. Crushing at low temperatures may be performed with a cooled pulverizer, pre-cooled ingredients, a cooling agent such as dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) added to the ingredients during grinding, or a combination thereof. Good. The resulting composition may be described as a stable dispersion in some embodiments, as a solubilized solution, or as a combination thereof in other embodiments. The main difference between such embodiments may be the particle size of the particles involved.

  In other embodiments, the composition of the present invention is made by simple mixing and very little energy input, although not made by grinding or any other high energy input method.

  In certain embodiments, the functional fluid using the composition of the present invention is a fuel. The fuel composition of the present invention comprises a stabilized composition as described above and a liquid fuel and is useful for fueling an internal combustion engine or open frame burner. These compositions may further comprise one or more additional additives as described herein. In certain embodiments, fuels suitable for use with the present invention include any commercially available fuel, and in certain embodiments, any commercially available diesel fuel and / or biofuel.

  The description of a type of fuel stream suitable for use in the present invention may include fuel that may be present in a composition that includes the additive of the present invention, as well as a composition that includes the additive. Refers to fuel and / or fuel additive concentrated compositions.

  Fuels suitable for use with the present invention are not unduly limited. In general, suitable fuels are usually liquid at ambient conditions (eg, room temperature (20 ° C.-30 ° C.)), or are usually liquid at operating conditions. The fuel may be a hydrocarbon fuel, a non-hydrocarbon fuel, or a mixture thereof.

  The hydrocarbon fuel may be a petroleum distillate (including gasoline) as defined by ASTM standard D4814, or a diesel fuel as defined by ASTM standard D975. In one embodiment, the liquid fuel is gasoline and in another embodiment, the liquid fuel is unleaded gasoline. In another embodiment, the liquid fuel is diesel fuel. The hydrocarbon fuel may be a hydrocarbon prepared by a GTL (gas to liquid) process, for example, a hydrocarbon prepared by a process such as a Fischer-Tropsch process. In certain embodiments, the fuel used in the present invention is diesel fuel, biodiesel fuel, or a combination thereof.

  Suitable fuels also include heavy fuel oils (eg, # 5 and # 6 fuel oils), which are also referred to as residual oil fuel, heavy fuel oil, and / or furnace fuel oil. Such a fuel may be used alone or mixed with another (typically light fuel) to make a low viscosity mixture. Bunker fuel is also included, and this fuel is commonly used in marine engines. These types of fuels are highly viscous and may be solid at ambient conditions, but are liquid when heated and supplied to a burning engine or burner.

  Non-hydrocarbon fuels may be oxygen-containing compositions (often referred to as oxygenates) and include alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters of carboxylic acids, nitroalkanes, or mixtures thereof. Non-hydrocarbon fuels may also contain methanol, ethanol, methyl t-butyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone, transesterified oil and / or fats from plants and animals, such as rapeseed methyl esters and soy methyl esters, and nitromethane Good.

  Mixtures of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon fuels include, for example, gasoline and methanol and / or ethanol, diesel fuel and ethanol, and vegetable oils (eg, rapeseed methyl esters) transesterified with diesel fuel and other biological fuels Can be mentioned. In one embodiment, the liquid fuel is an emulsion of water in a hydrocarbon fuel, a non-hydrocarbon fuel, or a mixture thereof.

  In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid fuel may have a sulfur content of 50,000 ppm or less, 5000 ppm or less, 1000 ppm or less, 350 ppm or less, 100 ppm or less, 50 ppm or less, or 15 ppm or less on a weight basis.

  The liquid fuel of the present invention is a major amount in the fuel composition, generally greater than 95 wt%, in other embodiments greater than 97 wt%, greater than 99.5 wt%, More than 9% by weight, or more than 99.99% by weight.

  The composition described above may further comprise one or more additional additives. Such additives include oxidation inhibitors and antioxidants, antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, or viscosity modifiers, and dispersants and detergents. These additional additives may be present in the medium, particularly when the medium contains a functional fluid. When present, these additional additives may represent from 0, 0.1, 0.5 or 1% to 2, 5, 10 or 15% by weight of the total composition when considering the finished fluid When considering an agent concentrate, it may represent from 0, 0.5, 1 or 2% to 4, 10, 20 or 40% by weight of the total composition.

  Because the above ranges are acceptable, in one embodiment, the additive concentrate may contain the additive of the present invention and may be substantially free of any additional solvent. In these embodiments, the additive concentrate comprising the additive of the present invention is undiluted and does not include any additional solvent added to improve the material handling properties (eg, viscosity) of the concentrate.

  As used herein, the term “hydrocarbyl substituent” or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense and is well known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group containing a carbon atom bonded directly to the rest of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include hydrocarbon substituents, ie, aliphatic (eg, alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (eg, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic substituted with aromatics An aromatic substituent substituted with an aliphatic, and an aromatic substituent substituted with an alicyclic group, and a cyclic substituent in which the ring is completed by another part of the molecule (eg, two substituents together Substituted to form a ring); substituted hydrocarbon substituents, ie, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups in the context of the present invention, the substituents remain predominantly hydrocarbon in nature (Eg halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkyl mercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulfoxy); hetero substituents, ie predominantly hydrocarbons While having the features of, in the context of the present invention, otherwise include substituents containing other than carbon in a ring or chain composed of carbon atoms. Heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and include substituents such as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, and imidazolyl. Generally, no more than 2, preferably no more than 1 non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every 10 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group. Typically, there are no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group. The terms hydrocarbyl and / or hydrocarbylene may also have the definitions given in the above section.

  It is known that some of the materials mentioned above may interact in the final formulation, so that the components of the final formulation may differ from those originally added. Yes. For example, metal ions (eg, detergent metal ions) may migrate to other acidic or anionic sites of other molecules. In addition, the acylating agents and / or substituted hydrocarbon additives of the present invention may form salts or other complexes and / or derivatives when interacting with other components of the composition used. Good. The products made thereby (including products produced when the compositions of the present invention are used in intended applications) may not be easily described. Nevertheless, all such modifications and reaction products are included within the scope of the present invention, which includes compositions prepared by admixing the components described above.

  Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages and ppm values herein are percentages by weight and / or are calculated on a weight basis.

  In particular, the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples describing advantageous embodiments. These examples are given to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the invention.

(Example set A)
A set of samples is prepared by adding a specific friction modifier to a specific medium. Here, it is known that this friction modifier has a compatibility problem in such a composition. The friction modifier used in this test is a dialkyl hydrogen phosphonate (FM-1). The media used in this test include: Group I base oil hydraulic fluid (MEDIAUM-1), Group IV base oil hydraulic fluid (MEDIAUM-2), and Group I base oil industrial use. Gear oil liquid (MEDIAUM-3). The compatibilizers used in this test include the following: derived from succinic anhydride derived from polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of 1000 and polyalkylene polyamine, using an alkylene epoxide in combination with an acid A quaternized quaternary ammonium salt, wherein the compound is separated by a hydrogen donor group in two bonds of two hydrogen acceptor groups and a second group separated from the hydrogen acceptor group by one bond; A compound having a hydrogen donor group (COMPAT-1), a low molecular weight acylated nitrogen compound (COMPAT-2), a polyisobutenyl succinic acid containing a hydrogen acceptor group in three bonds of two hydrogen donor groups Boronated succinimide prepared from an anhydride (prepared from polyisobutylene itself has a number average molecular weight of about 1000) and a polyalkylpolyamine Powder (the N: CO ratio of this compound is> 1.6) (COMPAT-3), polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (prepared from polyisobutylene itself has a number average molecular weight of about 1000 ) And a polyalkylpolyamine, a non-borated succinimide dispersant (the N: CO ratio of this compound is> 1.4) (COMPAT-4), hydroxyalkyl-alkenylimidazoline (COMPAT-5) And an amine salt of salicylic acid derived from fatty acids (COMPAT-6) and, as a comparative example, a mineral oil not according to the present invention (COMPAT-7).

  Each example is prepared by mixing the components in the amounts specified in the table below. Samples of each example are stored at 65 ° C, room temperature, 0 ° C, and -18 ° C. Each sample is checked for clarity during mixing and then at set time intervals. Each example is visually evaluated for cloudiness, turbidity, and precipitation of friction modifiers. Samples stored at low temperature are evaluated at that temperature and then warmed to room temperature when another evaluation is performed.

  The results obtained from the set of examples are presented in the table below.

１−表１のすべての配合値は重量％である。試験した相溶化剤は、固有の量の希釈剤（例えば、希釈油）を含んでいてもよい。
２−何も書かれていないセルは、そのサンプルでそのときに評価を行わなかったことを示す。「固体」との評価は、サンプルの半分より多くが、反転して３０秒以内に流動しないことを示す。沈殿に関する評価で、濁りについて記載がないものは、そのサンプルが書かれている以外には透明であることを示す。

1—All formulation values in Table 1 are weight percent. The compatibilizer tested may contain a specific amount of diluent (eg, diluent oil).
2—A cell with nothing written indicates that the sample was not evaluated at that time. A rating of “solid” indicates that more than half of the sample does not reverse and flow within 30 seconds. In the evaluation regarding precipitation, if there is no description about turbidity, it indicates that the sample is transparent except where it is written.

１−表１のすべての配合値は重量％である。試験した相溶化剤は、固有の量の希釈剤（例えば、希釈油）を含んでいてもよい。
２−何も書かれていないセルは、そのサンプルでそのときに評価を行わなかったことを示す。「固体」との評価は、サンプルの半分より多くが、反転して３０秒以内に流動しないことを示す。沈殿に関する評価で、濁りについて記載がないものは、そのサンプルが書かれている以外には透明であることを示す。

1—All formulation values in Table 1 are weight percent. The compatibilizer tested may contain a specific amount of diluent (eg, diluent oil).
2—A cell with nothing written indicates that the sample was not evaluated at that time. A rating of “solid” indicates that more than half of the sample does not reverse and flow within 30 seconds. In the evaluation regarding precipitation, if there is no description about turbidity, it indicates that the sample is transparent except where it is written.

１−表１のすべての配合値は重量％である。試験した相溶化剤は、固有の量の希釈剤（例えば、希釈油）を含んでいてもよい。
２−結果の部分で何も書かれていないセルは、そのサンプルでそのときに評価を行わなかったことを示す。

1—All formulation values in Table 1 are weight percent. The compatibilizer tested may contain a specific amount of diluent (eg, diluent oil).
2—A cell with nothing written in the result portion indicates that the sample was not evaluated at that time.

  These results show that the compatibilizer of the present invention is a composition diluted with a solvent in an undiluted additive concentrate (the medium of each sample is a diluent inherently present in the compatibilizer). It has been shown in comparative examples, even at very low concentrations, that it increases the compatibility of FM-1 in and in gasoline compositions, and is incompatible with friction modifiers.

  Each document referred to above is incorporated herein by reference. Except as in the examples or otherwise explicitly indicated, all quantities in this specification that specify the amount of material, reaction conditions, molecular weight, number of carbon atoms, etc. are `` about '' It should be understood that the term is modified.

  Unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition referred to herein is to be construed as a commercial grade material and includes isomers, by-products, derivatives and commercial products. The grade may contain other such materials that are normally understood to be present. However, the amount of each chemical component is present except for any solvent or diluent, and may typically be present in commercially available materials unless otherwise indicated. It is to be understood that the upper and lower amount, range, and ratio set forth herein may be independently combined. Similarly, the ranges and amounts for each element of the invention may be used together with ranges or amounts for any other element. As used herein, the expression “consisting essentially of” can include substances that do not significantly affect the basic and new characteristics of the composition under consideration. As used herein, the term polyisobutenyl means a polymer alkenyl group derived from polyisobutylene and may be a saturated or unsaturated group.

Claims (15)

A composition comprising:
(A) a medium containing a solvent, a functional fluid, an additive concentrate, or a combination thereof;
(B) a friction modifier component comprising a phosphorus-containing compound that is not completely soluble in the medium;
(C) a stabilizing component that is soluble in (a), interacts with (b), and increases the solubility of (b) in (a);
Component (b) and component (c), or only component (b) are present in component (a) in the form of dispersed particles having an average diameter of less than 10 microns,
The stabilizing component comprises a compound comprising at least one hydrogen donating group, at least one hydrogen accepting group, and at least one hydrocarbyl group, wherein the hydrogen donating group and the hydrogen accepting group are more than eight. A composition that is not separated by a bond, the bond comprising a covalent bond and an ionic bond. Component (c), which is the stabilizing component,
(I) (a) a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted compound containing a tertiary amino group and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group of (a) to quaternary nitrogen. A quaternary salt selected from the group consisting of dialkyl sulfate, benzyl halide, hydrocarbyl substituted carbonate; hydrocarbyl epoxide in combination with acid, or mixtures thereof;
(Ii) Formula _{[Y-CO [O-A} -CO] n -Z r -R +] in m ^pX poly (hydroxy carboxylic acid) represented by ^q- amide salt derivatives (wherein, Y is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group Or a substituted hydrocarbyl group, A is a divalent hydrocarbyl group, n is 1 to 100, m is 1 to 4, q is 1 to 4, and p is pq = M is an integer such that Z is a divalent bridging group bonded to the carbonyl group by a nitrogen atom, r is 0 or 1, R ⁺ is an ammonium group, and X ^q− Is an anion);
(Ii) reacting one unit of a hydroxy-containing hydrocarbyl compound with two or more units of butylene oxide to form a polyether intermediate, and reacting the polyether intermediate with an amine or acrylonitrile A high molecular weight polyetheramine prepared by amination of the product and hydrogenating the reaction product of the polyether intermediate and acrylonitrile;
(Iii) an alkanolamine substituted phenol, wherein the phenol comprises a hydrocarbyl substituent;
(Iv) a low molecular weight acylated nitrogen compound derived from an alkyl succinic anhydride and an alkanolamine;
(V) a fatty amine salt of salicylic acid;
Or any combination of these,
(Vi) (a) the dispersant comprises at least one hydrocarbyl group comprising 10 to 500 carbon atoms, (b) the dispersant has a TBN of at least 10 as defined by ASTM D4739. (C) the dispersant comprises at least 0.1 wt% boron, and (d) the dispersant has an N: CO ratio greater than 0.7,
A nitrogen-containing dispersant or a borated version thereof having at least one of the following characteristics:
(Vii) an alkyl imidazoline comprising a reaction product of a polyethylene polyamine and a fatty acid;
Or the composition of Claim 1 containing these combination. Hydrocarbyl-substituted compounds containing the tertiary amino group used to prepare the quaternary salt are
(1) A condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound containing an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom that can be condensed with the acylating agent, and further containing a tertiary amino group object;
(2) a polyalkene-substituted amine containing at least one tertiary amino group;
(3) Mannich reaction product prepared from the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol containing a tertiary amino group, an aldehyde and an amine;
(4) Polyester containing a tertiary amino group;
Or the composition of claim 2 comprising any combination thereof. The composition of claim 2, wherein A in the formula of the poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative is fully saturated. The high molecular weight polyetheramine is represented by the formula R (OCH ₂ CHR ¹ ) _x A, where R is a C ₆ -C ₃₀ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₃₀ alkyl substituted phenyl group; R ¹ X is a number from 5 to 50; A is —OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ NH ₂ or —NR ² R ³ , wherein R ² and R ³ are independently , Hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, or — (R ⁴ NR ⁵ ) _y R ⁶ , where R ⁴ is an alkylene group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently The composition according to claim 2, wherein the composition is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, and y is a number from 1 to 7. Improved if the turbidity of the total composition is specified by a lower JTU value and / or NTU value compared to the same composition not containing the stabilizing component (c), The composition in any one of Claims 1-5. 7. The friction modifier component (b) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising phosphate, phosphite, thiophosphate, an amine salt of any of these materials, or any combination thereof. Composition. The phosphorus-containing compound (X ¹ =) _a P (X ² _b -R) ₃ represented by the following formula is (b) which is the friction modifier component:
Or a salified version thereof, wherein each X ¹ is independently O or S, a is 0 or 1, each X ² is independently O or S, and b is 7. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein 0 or 1 and R is H or a hydrocarbyl group, provided that at least one of the R groups is a hydrocarbyl group containing at least one carbon atom. Composition. 7. The composition of any of claims 1-6, wherein the friction modifier further comprises (i) hydrocarbyl phosphate or acid ester; (ii) an amine salt thereof; or a combination thereof. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the amount of component (b) in the total composition is at least 0.5% by weight. A process for preparing a transparent and stable composition comprising:
(A) a medium containing a solvent, a functional fluid, an additive concentrate, or a combination thereof;
(B) a friction modifier component comprising a phosphorus-containing compound that is not completely soluble in the medium;
(C) a stabilizing component that is soluble in (a), interacts with (b), and increases the solubility of (b) in (a);
The method comprises
I. Adding components (b) and (c) to component (a), wherein component (b) is present in the total composition in an amount of 0.15 wt% or more;
II. Mixing said component such that component (b) is present in the form of dispersed particles having an average diameter of less than 10 microns in component (a);
The stabilizing component comprises a compound comprising at least one hydrogen donating group, at least one hydrogen accepting group, and at least one hydrocarbyl group, wherein the hydrogen donating group and the hydrogen accepting group comprise eight A process that is not separated by more bonds, said bonds comprising covalent and ionic bonds. Component (c), which is the stabilizing component,
(I) (a) a condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound containing an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom that can be condensed with the acylating agent, and further comprising a tertiary amino group A quaternary salt comprising a reaction product of a condensation product; and (b) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group of (a) to quaternary nitrogen, The quaternizing salt is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl sulfates, benzyl halides, hydrocarbyl substituted carbonates; hydrocarbyl epoxides in combination with acids, or mixtures thereof;
(Ii) expression A _{[Y-CO [O-A} -CO] n -Z r -R +] poly (hydroxy carboxylic acid) represented by m ^{pX q-} amide salt derivatives, where, Y is hydrogen Or a hydrocarbyl group, A is a divalent hydrocarbyl group, n is 1 to 100, m is 1 to 4, q is 1 to 4, and p is , Pq = m, an integer such that Z is a divalent bridging group bonded to the carbonyl group by a nitrogen atom, r is 0 or 1, R ⁺ is an ammonium group, A poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative, wherein X ^q− is an anion;
(Ii) reacting one unit of a hydroxy-containing hydrocarbyl compound with two or more units of butylene oxide to form a polyether intermediate, and reacting the polyether intermediate with an amine or acrylonitrile A high molecular weight polyetheramine prepared by amination of the product and hydrogenating the reaction product of the polyether intermediate and acrylonitrile;
(Iii) an alkanolamine substituted phenol, wherein the phenol comprises a hydrocarbyl substituent;
(Iv) a low molecular weight acylated nitrogen compound derived from an alkyl succinic anhydride and an alkanolamine;
(V) a fatty amine salt of salicylic acid;
Or any combination of these,
(Vi) (a) the dispersant comprises at least one hydrocarbyl group comprising 10 to 500 carbon atoms, (b) the dispersant has a TBN of at least 10 as defined by ASTM D4739. (C) the dispersant comprises at least 0.1 wt% boron, and (d) the dispersant has an N: CO ratio greater than 0.7,
A nitrogen-containing dispersant or a borated version thereof having at least one of the following characteristics:
(Vii) an alkyl imidazoline comprising a reaction product of a polyethylene polyamine and a fatty acid;
12. The process of claim 11 comprising a combination thereof. The clarity of the resulting mixture is improved when specified by lower JTU and / or NTU values compared to the same composition that does not contain the stabilizing component (c) A process according to any of claims 11-12. The phosphorus-containing compound in which (b), which is the friction modifier component, is represented by the following formula:
(X ¹ =) _a P (X ² _b -R) ₃
Or a salified version thereof, wherein each X ¹ is independently O or S, a is 0 or 1, each X ² is independently O or S, and b is 14. A compound according to any of claims 11 to 13, wherein R is 0 or 1 and R is H or a hydrocarbyl group, provided that at least one of the R groups is a hydrocarbyl group containing at least one carbon atom. process. 14. The process of any of claims 11-13, wherein the friction modifier component (b) comprises (i) a hydrocarbyl phosphate or acid ester; (ii) an amine salt thereof; or a combination thereof.