JP2014513186A - ポリエチレンテレフタレート−グラフェンナノコンポジット - Google Patents
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Abstract
【選択図】図7
Description
本出願は、本明細書中において全ての目的にそのまま援用される2011年5月3日出願の米国仮出願第61/482,048号の恩典を主張する。
材料
一つの実証において、0.80dl/g(I.V.)のoZpetTM(GG−3180FGH、Leading Synthetics, Australia による)と称される商業的に入手可能なポリエチレンテレフタレート(Polyethylene Terephthalate)を用いた。図1に示されるような平均直径5PmのxGnP(登録商標)−M−5グレード(99.5%炭素)の剥離済みグラフェンナノプレートレットを、乾燥粉末としてXG Sciences, Inc.(East Lansing, MI)より入手した。グラフェンナノプレートレット(xGnP)および受け取った状態のPET樹脂を、Ovation Polymers(Medina, OH)によってそれらのExTimaTM技術を用いて配合して、PET−xGnPマスターバッチペレットとした。
製造されたナノコンポジット引張試験片(図2に示される)を、万能材料試験機(Instron 5582モデル)を用いて調べた。試験は、5mm/分のクロスヘッド速度でASTM D638標準にしたがった。非接触 Laser Extensometer(Electronic Instrument Research, Model LE−05)を用いて、機械コンプライアンスのない変位を記録した。そのレーザー伸び計は、ゲージ長さに置かれた自己反射ステッカーからの反射の変位を記録する。
グラフェンナノプレートレットの分散は、電子顕微鏡検査(SEM,TEM)およびX線回折を用いて観察した。xGnP粉末およびPETの破壊表面およびPET−Exfoliated グラフェンナノコンポジットのSEM顕微鏡写真は、Hitachi S−4800を用いて得た。
走査電子顕微鏡検査(Scanning Electron Microscopy)
図1(b)に示されるxGnP乾燥粉末のSEM顕微鏡写真は、互いに積み重なった多数のグラフェン層から構成される各々のプレートレットを含む凝集したプレートレットを示す。これらプレートレットは、5〜10Pm平均直径および数ナノメートル(5〜20nm)の厚みを有した。
ナノコンポジットの性能は、ナノ粒子の分散に依存する。TEM顕微鏡写真は、ナノプレートレット分散をより良く理解するために、70nmの薄い切片から集めた。図4に示された透過顕微鏡写真は、グラフェンナノプレートレットが、プレートレットとしてそのままの状態であり且つポリマーマトリックス中に分散したことを示し、グラフェンシート(完全剥離)の個々の分散は見出されなかった。顕微鏡写真は、明視野および暗視野双方のモードで集めた。ナノプレートレットは、数枚の個々のグラフェンシートから成るので、用いられる70nm厚み切片は、ポリマーおよびグラフェンプレートレットの層を含有してよく、したがって、暗視野モードが好都合であった。グラフェンは、ポリマーマトリックスよりも導電性であるので、透過結像の場合、この差が対比を与える。
乾燥xGnP粉末、PET対照およびPET−xGnPナノコンポジットから集めたXRD図形を、図5に示す。グラフェンナノプレートレットの回折図形は、26.6°(d=3.35Å)2θおよび54.7°(d=1.68Å)2θでグラフェン−2H特性ピークを示す。26.6°2θでのピークの僅かな幅の広がりは、異なった寸法を有するプレートレットの存在を示す。PET対照試料からの幅広非晶質ピークは、約19.2°2θで認められた。これは、対照試料が非晶質微細構造を有することを確証する。図5に示されるように、26.6°2θでのグラフェンピークの強度は、ナノプレートレットの重量分率と共に増加した。ピークシフトは認められなかった。これは、TEM顕微鏡写真と共に、ナノプレートレットが、実質的に剥離しなかったことを確証する[20]。更に、その回折図形は、PETマトリックスが、予想通り、少なくとも0.2mmの表面内で非晶質であったことを確証する。
PET対照およびナノコンポジットの応力−歪曲線を、引張試験から集めたデータに基づいて、図6に示されるようにプロットした。グラフェンナノプレートレットの添加は、純PETにまさる性能(モジュラス)を300%まで増加させていて、図7に示される指数傾向にしたがう。主に直線の挙動が認められるが、15%ナノコンポジットについての応力歪曲線のハンプは、この複合材料について、他のより低い体積分率にまさる更なる強化性機構を示唆する。これは、強化材−強化材相互作用のためでありうる。
本開示は、グラフェンナノプレートレットが、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(Poly ethylene Terephthalate)またはPETについて改善された強度特性(弾性率など)を達成する場合に有効であるということを示す。マスターバッチペレットの射出成形は、2〜15%の重量分率のPET−Exfoliated グラフェン(xGnP)ナノコンポジットの製造のための一つの成功した方法である。簡単な機械的モデルとの比較は、それらの優れた性能を示唆する。剛性は、強化材剛性に依存するのみならず、そのアスペクト比にも、そしてマトリックスと強化材との間の界面応力移行について優勢である機構にも依存することがありうる。更に、強化材−強化材相互作用は、体積分率が10%を超える時に重要な役割を果たすといういくつかの指摘が存在する。
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[2]H. Fukushima, "Graphite Nanoreinforcements in Polymer Nanocomposites," in Chemical Engineering and Materials Science. vol. Doctor of Philosophy, 2003, p. 311.
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したがって、本発明は、目的を実施するのに且つ上述の結果および利点、更には、そこにある固有のものを達成するのに十分に適応する。現在のところ好ましい態様を、本開示の目的について記載してきたが、数多くの変更および修飾は、当業者に明らかであろう。このような変更および修飾は、請求の範囲によって定義の本発明の精神の範囲内に包含される。
Claims (17)
- ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)を包含する基材ポリマー;および
基材ポリマーの強度を増加させるナノ粒子
を含む、ナノコンポジット材料。 - ナノ粒子が、グラフェン(graphene)ナノプレートレットを含む、請求項1に記載の材料。
- グラフェンが、剥離済みナノプレートレットを含む、請求項1に記載の材料。
- グラフェンナノプレートレットが、5マイクロメートルの平均直径を有する、請求項2に記載の材料。
- ナノプレートレットが、ナノコンポジット材料の約2重量パーセントを構成する、請求項2に記載の材料。
- ナノプレートレットが、ナノコンポジット材料の約5重量パーセントを構成する、請求項2に記載の材料。
- ナノプレートレットが、ナノコンポジット材料の約10重量パーセントを構成する、請求項2に記載の材料。
- ナノプレートレットが、ナノコンポジット材料の約15重量パーセントを構成する、請求項2に記載の材料。
- ナノプレートレットが、ナノコンポジット材料の約2重量パーセント〜約15重量パーセントを構成する、請求項2に記載の材料。
- ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)を基材ポリマーとして与え;
ナノ粒子状物質を与え;
基材ポリマーをナノ粒子状材料と配合して、マスターバッチ生成物を形成し;そして
マスターバッチ生成物を射出成形すること
を含む、ナノコンポジット材料を製造する方法。 - ナノ粒子状物質を与えることが、グラフェンを与えることを更に含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 剥離によってグラフェンを製造することを更に含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- ナノ粒子状物質を与えることが、マスターバッチ生成物中のナノ粒子物質材料の約2重量パーセントを与えることを更に含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- ナノ粒子状物質を与えることが、マスターバッチ生成物中のナノ粒子物質材料の約5重量パーセントを与えることを更に含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- ナノ粒子状物質を与えることが、マスターバッチ生成物中のナノ粒子物質材料の約10重量パーセントを与えることを更に含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- ナノ粒子状物質を与えることが、マスターバッチ生成物中のナノ粒子物質材料の約15重量パーセントを与えることを更に含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- ナノ粒子状物質を与えることが、マスターバッチ生成物中のナノ粒子物質材料の約2重量パーセント〜約15重量パーセントを与えることを更に含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
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JP2018520917A (ja) * | 2015-07-08 | 2018-08-02 | ナイアガラ・ボトリング・リミテツド・ライアビリテイー・カンパニー | グラフェン強化ポリエチレンテレフタレート |
JP2021523271A (ja) * | 2018-05-09 | 2021-09-02 | ナイアガラ・ボトリング・リミテツド・ライアビリテイー・カンパニー | 改善された分散体に由来するポリ(エチレンテレフタレート)グラフェンナノコンポジット |
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