JP2014507784A - 基板の特殊な特性によって光学的クロストークが抑制されるシリコン光電子増倍管 - Google Patents
基板の特殊な特性によって光学的クロストークが抑制されるシリコン光電子増倍管 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title description 8
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005433 particle physics related processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005658 nuclear physics Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002600 positron emission tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
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- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
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Abstract
【選択図】図4
Description
Claims (16)
- シリコンをベースとする光電子増倍管のセル(1)であって、
第2の導電型の基板(21)と、
第1の導電型の第1の層(2)と、
前記第1の層(2)の上に形成されている第2の導電型の第2の層(3)と、
を備えており、
前記第1の層(2)と前記第2の層(3)とが第1のpn接合部を形成している、
セルにおいて、
前記光電子増倍管の動作時に、前記増倍管の裏面または側壁の方に伝搬する光の量のうち、無視し得る部分が前記増倍管の前面に戻るように、前記基板(21)が構成されていることを特徴とする、
セル。 - 前記基板(21)の裏面の上に材料層(25)が形成されており、前記材料層(25)の材料が、前記基板(21)と前記材料層(25)との間の界面に入射する約1000nmの範囲の波長の光の反射率が25%より小さいように、選択される、
請求項1に記載のセル。 - 前記材料層(25)の前記材料が、金属、金属化合物、金属合金、または半導体、のうちの1種類または複数種類を含んでいる、
請求項2に記載のセル。 - 前記基板(21)の裏面がイオン注入ステップによって処理され、注入によって結晶格子の損傷が引き起こされることにより約1000nmの範囲の波長の光の吸収長が減少するように、イオン注入のパラメータが選択される、
請求項1に記載のセル。 - 前記基板(21)の裏面が、1013〜1015cm-2の範囲内のイオン線量と、1MeV〜10MeVの範囲内のイオンエネルギを有するイオン注入ステップ、によって処理される、
請求項1または請求項4に記載のセル。 - 前記基板(21)のドーピング濃度が、1019〜1020cm-3の範囲内にある、
請求項1に記載のセル。 - 前記基板(21)の裏面が、前記基板の内側から入射する光を捕捉するように、または拡散させるように作製された構造、を備えている、
請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のセル。 - シリコンをベースとする光電子増倍管であって、
請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のセル(1)を複数備えており、
前記セル(1)が1つの共通の基板(21)の上に作製されている、
シリコンをベースとする光電子増倍管。 - 放射線検出器(40)であって、
シンチレータ(41)と、
受け取った放射線に応えて前記シンチレータ(41)によって生成される光のバーストを受け取るようにされている、請求項8に記載のシリコンをベースとする光電子増倍管のアレイと、
を備えている、放射線検出器。 - シリコンをベースとする光電子増倍管のセルを製造する方法であって、
第2の導電型の基板を形成するステップと、
第1の導電型の第1の層と第2の導電型の第2の層とを形成するステップと、
を含んでおり、
前記第1の層と前記第2の層とが第1のpn接合部を形成し、
前記光電子増倍管の動作時に、前記増倍管の裏面の方に伝搬する光の量のうち、無視し得る部分が内部的に前記増倍管の前面に戻るように、前記基板が構成される、
方法。 - 前記基板の裏面の上に材料層を形成するステップであって、前記基板と前記材料層との間の界面に入射する約1000nmの範囲の波長の光の反射率が25%より小さいように、前記材料層の材料が選択されるステップ、
をさらに含んでいる、請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記材料層の前記材料が、金属、金属化合物、金属合金、または半導体、のうちの1種類または複数種類を含んでいる、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記基板の裏面をイオン注入ステップによって処理するステップであって、注入によって結晶格子の損傷が引き起こされることにより約1000nmの範囲の波長の光の吸収長が減少するように、前記イオン注入のパラメータが選択されるステップ、
をさらに含んでいる、請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記基板の裏面を、1013〜1015cm-2の範囲内のイオン線量と、1MeV〜10MeVの範囲内のイオンエネルギを有するイオン注入ステップ、によって処理するステップ、
をさらに含んでいる、請求項10または請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記基板(21)に、1019〜1020cm-3の範囲内のドーピング濃度が設けられる、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記基板の内側から入射する光を捕捉する、または拡散させるための構造を、前記基板の裏面に作製するステップ、
をさらに含んでいる、請求項10から請求項15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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PCT/EP2010/007833 WO2012083983A1 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2010-12-21 | Silicon photoelectric multiplier with optical cross-talk suppression due to special properties of the substrate |
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EP2793273B1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2016-12-28 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Silicon photomultiplier with very low optical cross-talk and improved readout |
US11886473B2 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2024-01-30 | Meta Platforms, Inc. | Intent identification for agent matching by assistant systems |
US10782986B2 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2020-09-22 | Facebook, Inc. | Assisting users with personalized and contextual communication content |
US11676220B2 (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2023-06-13 | Meta Platforms, Inc. | Processing multimodal user input for assistant systems |
US11715042B1 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2023-08-01 | Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc | Interpretability of deep reinforcement learning models in assistant systems |
US11307880B2 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2022-04-19 | Meta Platforms, Inc. | Assisting users with personalized and contextual communication content |
KR102473706B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-30 | 2022-12-05 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 포토멀티플라이어 및 그 제조방법 |
CN112433137A (zh) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-02 | 西安工程大学 | 硅光电倍增管的PDE和Pct空间二维分布的测量方法 |
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JPS6173369A (ja) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-04-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 赤外線検出素子 |
JP2007536703A (ja) * | 2004-05-05 | 2007-12-13 | マックス−プランク−ゲゼルシャルト ツール フォルデルング デア ヴィッセンシャフテン エー. ファオ. | シリコン光電子増倍管(改良型)及びシリコン光電子増倍管用セル |
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JP2010283271A (ja) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-16 | Panasonic Corp | 固体撮像素子及び撮像装置 |
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WO2006107727A2 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-12 | San Diego State University Foundation | Edge-on sar scintillator devices and systems for enhanced spect, pet, and compton gamma cameras |
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Patent Citations (4)
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JPS6173369A (ja) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-04-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 赤外線検出素子 |
JP2007536703A (ja) * | 2004-05-05 | 2007-12-13 | マックス−プランク−ゲゼルシャルト ツール フォルデルング デア ヴィッセンシャフテン エー. ファオ. | シリコン光電子増倍管(改良型)及びシリコン光電子増倍管用セル |
JP2009535821A (ja) * | 2006-04-25 | 2009-10-01 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | (Bi)CMOSプロセスによるアバランシェフォトダイオードの製造方法 |
JP2010283271A (ja) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-16 | Panasonic Corp | 固体撮像素子及び撮像装置 |
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JP5908497B2 (ja) | 2016-04-26 |
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EP2656400A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
EP2656400B1 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
US9209329B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
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WO2012083983A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
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