JP2014231570A - Method of producing polymer porous membrane and polymer porous membrane - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a production method and a polymer porous membrane very useful in a variety of applications, which have a variety of combinations of production conditions upon producing an asymmetric membrane.SOLUTION: A method of producing a polymer porous membrane includes a step of flow-casting, with lamination, two polymer solutions (A) and (B) into a film form and immersing the resultant flow-casted body in a solidification liquid after flow casting. The polymer solution (B) and the polymer solution (A) are subjected, in order, to the lamination flow casting, and at least one of (A) and (B) is a polymer solution based on a polyamic acid.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a polymer porous membrane and a polymer porous membrane.

Polymer porous membranes are used for battery separators, diaphragms for electrolytic capacitors, dust collection, microfiltration, separation, and the like, and production by various methods is being studied. One of the methods for producing a polymer porous membrane is a phase separation method using phase change of a polymer solution. Further, as a method for producing an asymmetric polymer porous membrane, a production method including a step of laminating and casting a polymer solution. A method has been proposed.

In Patent Document 1, a) a step of preparing a plurality of lacquers, b) a step of co-casting the lacquers to form a multilayer liquid sheet, and c) a co-casting multilayer liquid sheet into a liquid bath / coagulation bath. Disclosed is a method for producing a multilayer microporous structure comprising the steps of dipping and phase separation in a continuous layer sequence. In Patent Document 2, at least two kinds of asymmetric membrane material resins are dissolved in an organic solvent to form a film-forming solution, the film-forming solution is laminated in at least two layers, and then the asymmetric membrane material resin is not dissolved. A method for producing a laminated asymmetric membrane is disclosed, which is immersed in a solvent (B) having compatibility with the organic solvent. Patent Document 3 discloses that a dope (a) of a polyimide for forming a dense layer and a dope (b) of a polymer for forming a porous support layer are simultaneously formed into a hollow fiber having a multilayer structure using a multi-ring nozzle. A method for producing a polyimide hollow fiber composite membrane is disclosed, which comprises extruding, then bringing into contact with a coagulating liquid, coagulating, and drying.

Special table 2003-534408 JP-A-9-225273 JP-A-9-70523

In an asymmetric polymer porous membrane, the adhesion of the interface to be laminated and cast is very important, and there is a problem that the interface peels off during the manufacturing process depending on the manufacturing conditions. However, the polymer porous film disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art document shows that the obtained polymer porous film is integrated in Patent Document 1, and Patent Document 2 hardly mentions the peelability. However, as disclosed in Patent Document 3, the releasability between layers is discussed only within a limited range of production conditions, as the delamination between layers is discussed depending on the composition. Those reviews were not always sufficient.

As a result of extensive research on the peelability of asymmetric polymer porous membranes under practically various production conditions, we divided the presence or absence of peeling into the relationship between the combination of the viscosity of the polymer solution and the immersion time in the coagulation bath. It was discovered that there was a boundary condition, and the present invention was reached.

That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing a porous polymer membrane comprising a step of laminating two polymer solutions (A) and a polymer solution (B) into a film and immersing them in a coagulation liquid after casting. And (B) and (A) in the order of lamination, and at least one of (A) or (B) is a polymer solution containing a polyamic acid as a main component. In this method, the standing time S from the time when the polymer solution (A) is laminated and dipped into the coagulating liquid is equal to the solution viscosity (μA) of the two polymer solutions (A) and the polymer solution (B). And (μB) a method for producing a porous polymer membrane characterized by immersing in a coagulating liquid within (t) minutes or more and 20 minutes calculated from (Equation 1) from Poise.
t = 0.9 × (μA / μB) ⁽⁻¹⁾ (1)

According to the present invention, in the production conditions assuming various situations, the interface between the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) laminated and cast into a film shape during the production process does not peel off and is asymmetric. A polymer porous membrane was obtained. In the production of asymmetric membranes, there are a wide variety of combinations of production conditions, and the production method and polymer porous membrane obtained according to the present invention are extremely useful in various applications.

It is a figure showing (Formula 1) which is a boundary line of this invention.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a porous polymer membrane comprising a step of laminating two polymer solutions (A) and a polymer solution (B) into a film and immersing them in a coagulation liquid after casting. A porous polymer membrane characterized in that the solution is laminated and cast in the order of (B) and (A), and at least one of (A) or (B) is a polymer solution containing polyamic acid as a main component. In the production method, the standing time S from the time when the polymer solution (A) is laminated and immersed in the coagulating liquid is the solution viscosity (μA) of the two polymer solutions (A) and the polymer solution (B). Provided is a method for producing a porous polymer membrane characterized by being larger than (t) calculated by the following formula from poise and (μB) poise.
t = 0.9 × (μA / μB) ⁽⁻¹⁾ (1)

The method for casting the polymer solution (B) into a film is not particularly limited, but the polymer solution is a substrate such as a glass plate, a metal plate, a polymer film, a rotating drum, or a movable endless belt. Furthermore, techniques such as a method of casting by a spray method or a doctor blade method, a method of extruding the polymer solution from a T-die, and the like can be used. Alternatively, coating or spin casting may be used.

The substrate preferably has a smooth surface and a releasability capable of easily peeling the deposited porous film. Moreover, since it needs to be excellent in durability even when it comes into contact with an organic solvent, it is particularly preferable that the metal is made of stainless steel. In addition, a substrate that can be conveyed and rotated, such as a polymer film, a rotating drum, and an endless belt, is capable of changing the speed, and preferably has a constant speed while driving with little fluctuation. is there.

The method of casting the polymer solution (A) in a film form is not particularly limited, but the polymer solution (B) is cast on the polymer solution (B) previously cast into a film form by a spray method or a doctor-blur. Techniques such as a method of casting by a die method and a method of extruding the polymer solution from a T-shaped die can be used. Alternatively, coating or spin casting may be used.

The method of laminating and casting the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) in the order of (B) and (A) may be performed by sequentially laminating and casting using the same casting method among the above-described casting methods. It is good, and you may carry out lamination | stacking casting sequentially combining a different casting method. In the method of extruding from a T-shaped die, when the structure of the T-shaped die is a two-layer extruded structure, simultaneous lamination casting may be performed.

The standing time F from the casting of the polymer solution (B) to the casting of the polymer solution (A) has no particular influence on the peelability, which is the subject of the present invention, and is a practically industrial viewpoint. Within 10 minutes, preferably within 5 minutes, particularly preferably within 2 minutes.

In order to obtain a uniform film thickness, the polymer solution is preferably supplied onto the substrate at a constant flow rate. As a method for supplying the polymer solution to the casting apparatus, the polymer solution stored in the supply apparatus can be quantitatively prevented by mixing with a gas, particularly dry air or an inert gas, by pressurization, thereby preventing mixing of bubbles and the like. Therefore, it is preferable. Or it is also preferable to supply with a gear pump. The polymer solution is preferably supplied at a constant flow rate with a constant width in the width direction of the substrate by, for example, a T-shaped die.

The polymer laminated cast film thickness is adjusted to 1 to 3000 μm, particularly preferably 10 to 1000 μm. If the cast film thickness is less than 1 μm, the strength of the resulting porous film is not sufficient, which is not preferable. In addition, when the film thickness exceeds 3000 μm, the uniformity of the pore structure in the film thickness direction of the obtained porous film is deteriorated, and it becomes difficult to uniformly control the porous properties such as the pore diameter, the porosity and the pore shape. Therefore, it is not preferable.

The thickness configuration of each cast film thickness of the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) with respect to the polymer laminated cast membrane may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose of producing the asymmetric membrane. The polymer solution (B) may be thick, and the polymer solution (A) may be thicker than the polymer solution (B). The polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) have the same structure. Thickness may be used.

At least one of the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) is a polymer solution containing polyamic acid as a main component. In the case of producing a polymer porous film using a polymer solution containing polyamic acid as a main component, the polyamic acid porous film can be imidized by heat treatment. The imidized polymer porous membrane is excellent in solvent resistance, dimensional stability, and heat resistance.

Whether the polymer solution (A) or the polymer solution (B) is a polymer solution containing a polyamic acid as a main component may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose of producing an asymmetric membrane. The polymer solution (A) is a polyamic acid. May be a polymer solution containing as a main component, the polymer solution (B) may be a polymer solution containing a polyamic acid as a main component, and both of the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) have a polyamic acid as a main component. It may be a polymer solution. The thickness constitution of the polymer porous membrane and whether the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) are polymer solutions mainly composed of polyamic acid are determined depending on the solvent resistance, dimensional stability of the asymmetric membrane used, It can be appropriately selected and used depending on the solvent resistance.

The polymer solution containing polyamic acid as a main component is a polycarboxylic acid obtained by polymerizing a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component, preferably an aromatic monomer, or a partially imidized product thereof. Alternatively, it can be closed by chemical imidization to obtain a polyimide resin. The polyimide resin is a heat-resistant polymer having an imidization ratio of about 80% or more, preferably about 95% or more.

The imidization can be either chemical imidization or thermal imidization. It is preferable to select the imidization method appropriately depending on the type of polymer to be combined. In the case of a polymer that is difficult to apply heat, it is preferable to select chemical imidation, and in the case of a polymer that can be heated, it is preferable to select thermal imidization. Thermal imide is preferred because the process is not complicated and the strength of the resulting film tends to increase. The thermal imidization can be suitably performed by heat treatment at 250 to 500 ° C. for 5 to 60 minutes in the air.

As the good solvent capable of dissolving the polyamic acid, any organic polar solvent can be used. Especially as organic polar solvents for dissolving polyamic acid and polyimide, p-chlorophenol, o-chlorophenol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), pyridine, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N, N-dimethyl Organic polar solvents such as formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, phenol and cresol can be used.

The tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component are dissolved and polymerized in approximately equimolar amounts in the above organic solvent, and have a logarithmic viscosity (30 ° C., concentration: 0.5 g / 100 mL NMP) of 0.3 or more, particularly 0.8. A polyamic acid of 5-7 is produced. Moreover, when superposition | polymerization is performed at the temperature of about 80 degreeC or more, the polyamic acid which partially ring-closed and was imidated is manufactured.

As the tetracarboxylic dianhydride that is a monomer of the tetracarboxylic acid component, any tetracarboxylic dianhydride can be used, and can be appropriately selected according to desired characteristics. Specific examples of tetracarboxylic dianhydride include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (s-BPDA), 2,3,3 ′, 4 ′. -Biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride such as biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a-BPDA), oxydiphthalic dianhydride, diphenylsulfone-3,4,3 ', 4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfide dianhydride, 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane dianhydride, 2, 3,3 ′, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) methane dianhydride 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) propane dianhydride, p-phenylenebis (trimellitic acid monoester acid anhydride), p-biphenylenebis (trimellitic acid monoester acid anhydride), m-terphenyl-3,4,3 ′, 4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, p-terphenyl-3,4,3 ′, 4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-bis ( 3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) benzene dianhydride, 1,4-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) benzene dianhydride, 1,4-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) biphenyl dianhydride 2,2-bis [(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) phenyl] propane dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetra Carboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4 '- (2,2-hexafluoroisopropylidene) may be mentioned diphthalic dianhydride and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Arbitrary diamine can be used for diamine. Specific examples of diamines include the following. 1) One benzene nucleus such as 1,4-diaminobenzene (paraphenylenediamine), 1,3-diaminobenzene, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, etc. 2) 4,4′- Diaminodiphenyl ether, diaminodiphenyl ether such as 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'- Diaminobiphenyl, 2,2′-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′-dicarboxy-4,4 ′ -Diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl Tan, bis (4-aminophenyl) sulfide, 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'-dimethoxy Benzidine, 2,2'-dimethoxybenzidine, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl Sulfide, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfide, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3′-diaminobenzophenone, 3,3 ′ -Diamino-4,4'-dichlorobenzopheno 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,2-bis (3-aminophenyl) ) Propane, 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3-aminophenyl) -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis ( 4-aminophenyl) -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfoxide, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfoxide, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfoxide, etc. Benzene nucleus 2 diamines, 3) 1,3-bis (3-aminophenyl) benzene, 1,3-bis (4-aminophenyl) benze 1,4-bis (3-aminophenyl) benzene, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenyl) benzene, 1,3-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 1,4-bis (3-amino) Phenoxy) benzene, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 1,3-bis (3-aminophenoxy) -4-trifluoromethylbenzene, 3,3′-diamino-4- (4-phenyl) Phenoxybenzophenone, 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-di (4-phenylphenoxy) benzophenone, 1,3-bis (3-aminophenyl sulfide) benzene, 1,3-bis (4-aminophenyl sulfide) Benzene, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenyl sulfide) benzene, 1,3-bis (3-aminophenylsulfone) benzene, 1,3-bis 4-aminophenylsulfone) benzene, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenylsulfone) benzene, 1,3-bis [2- (4-aminophenyl) isopropyl] benzene, 1,4-bis [2- (3 -Aminophenyl) isopropyl] benzene, three diamine diamines such as 1,4-bis [2- (4-aminophenyl) isopropyl] benzene, 4) 3,3'-bis (3-aminophenoxy) biphenyl, 3 , 3′-bis (4-aminophenoxy) biphenyl, 4,4′-bis (3-aminophenoxy) biphenyl, 4,4′-bis (4-aminophenoxy) biphenyl, bis [3- (3-aminophenoxy) ) Phenyl] ether, bis [3- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ether, bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) pheny ] Ether, bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ether, bis [3- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ketone, bis [3- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ketone, bis [4- ( 3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ketone, bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ketone, bis [3- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfide, bis [3- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfide Bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfide, bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfide, bis [3- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, bis [3- (4- Aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, bis [ 4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, bis [3- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [3- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) Phenyl] methane, bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, 2,2-bis [3- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3- (4-aminophenoxy) Phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3- (3 -Aminophenoxy) phenyl] -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis [3- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] -1,1 1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and other benzene nucleus four diamines. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The diamine to be used can be appropriately selected according to desired characteristics.

Among these, aromatic diamine compounds are preferable, and 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether and paraphenylenediamine, 1,3-bis (3-aminophenyl) Benzene, 1,3-bis (4-aminophenyl) benzene, 1,4-bis (3-aminophenyl) benzene, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenyl) benzene, 1,3-bis (4-amino) Phenoxy) benzene and 1,4-bis (3-aminophenoxy) benzene can be preferably used. In particular, at least one diamine selected from the group consisting of benzenediamine, diaminodiphenyl ether and bis (aminophenoxy) phenyl is preferred.

As the combination of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine, a large number of the combinations described above can be considered, and preferably a combination of an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and an aromatic diamine, particularly preferably this combination. A combination of biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride or oxydiphthalic dianhydride and an aromatic diamine.

The polyamic acid is prepared in a polyamic acid solution by dissolving in the organic solvent at a ratio of 0.3 to 60% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight (an organic solvent may be added or a polymerization solution may be added). May be used as is). If the ratio of polyamic acid is less than 0.3% by weight, the film strength of the produced porous membrane is lowered, which is not suitable. If it is more than 60% by weight, it is difficult to adjust the solution viscosity, and the solution viscosity becomes high and casting is difficult. The above range is preferable because it becomes difficult and control of the deposition of the porous film becomes difficult.

In addition, the polyamic acid solution includes additives such as surfactants, mold release agents, adhesives, coupling agents, flame retardants, and colorants, or reinforcing materials such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, and silicon fibers. May be. These additives and reinforcing materials may be added to the polyamic acid or may be added to the cast film after casting.

The polymer solution that is not a polyamic acid is composed of a polymer and a good solvent capable of dissolving the polymer.

As the good solvent capable of dissolving the polymer, any organic polar solvent can be used. Examples include p-chlorophenol, o-chlorophenol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), pyridine, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, phenol An organic polar solvent such as cresol can be used. It is preferable that the good solvent of the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) is the same solvent from the viewpoint of easy conformity of the interface when being laminated and cast.

Any polymer can be used as long as it can be dissolved in an organic solvent and insoluble in water. Specific examples of polymers include soluble polyimides, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, fluoropolymers such as trifluoroethylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate. , Poly (meth) acrylates such as polybutyl (meth) acrylate, cellulose esters such as polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, polyolefins such as polyethylene, poly-4-methyl-1-pe / ten, polybutadiene, poly Vinyl acetate, polystyrene, poly-α-methylstyrene, poly-4-vinylpyridine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, silicon-based polymer polyphenylene An oxide etc. can be mentioned. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The solution viscosity (μA) and (μB) poise of the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) are 10 to 30000 poise, preferably 10 to 10000 poise, particularly preferably 10 to 5000 poise, respectively. When the solution viscosity exceeds 30000 poise, it becomes difficult to cast the solution on the substrate and to adjust the film thickness uniformly. In addition, it is not appropriate because it is difficult to control the solvent replacement rate by immersion in the coagulation liquid, and it is difficult to control the porous properties such as the pore diameter, porosity, and pore shape uniformly. If the solution viscosity is less than 10 poise, the shape as a cast film cannot be maintained and thickness unevenness is likely to occur.

On the polymer solution (B) cast into a film, the standing time (S) from when the polymer solution (A) is laminated and cast to the coagulating liquid is equal to two polymer solutions (A ) And the solution viscosity (μA) poise and (μB) poise of the polymer solution (B), and after lapse of time (t) calculated by (Equation 1), the polymer solution (B) can be immersed in the coagulation liquid. The standing time (S) until dipping in the coagulation liquid is not less than 20 minutes, but preferably not less than 15 minutes, more preferably not less than 15 minutes, more preferably not less than (t) minutes. Within 10 minutes. If the time (S) until dipping in the coagulation liquid is less than the time (t), there is a risk of peeling at the interface between the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) laminated and cast into a film. It is not appropriate because there are. It is not appropriate that the time until dipping in the coagulation liquid is longer than 20 minutes because the production line becomes longer from a practical and industrial viewpoint.

(Formula 1), which is the boundary line of the present invention, has no physical meaning and is an empirical result obtained as a result of intensive studies, but (Formula 1) is as shown in (FIG. 1). When the viscosity of the polymer solution (A) is lower than that of the polymer solution (B), it means that the standing time until the polymer solution (A) is immersed in the coagulating liquid is long. On the other hand, when the viscosity of the polymer solution (A) is higher than that of the polymer solution (B), it means that the standing time until the polymer solution (A) is immersed in the coagulating liquid is short.
t = 0.9 × (μA / μB) ⁽⁻¹⁾ (1)

The coagulating liquid that immerses the polymer solution that has been layered and cast contains water as an essential component. The coagulation liquid consists of water or a good solvent of water and polyamic acid. The good solvent is preferably a good solvent used for polyamic acid. The water concentration of the coagulation bath is 40% or more, preferably 50%, more preferably 60% or more. Since phase separation is affected by the temperature and the composition of the solvent, it is preferable that the coagulating liquid tank is sufficiently controlled for the temperature and the solvent composition.

The opening ratio of at least one surface of the porous polymer membrane obtained by the present invention is 10 to 80%, preferably 30 to 80%, particularly preferably 30 to 70%. Here, the aperture ratio indicates the ratio of openings per unit area that can be observed from the surface of the polymer porous membrane. When the aperture ratio is 10 to 80%, it is suitable for various battery separators, liquid / gas filters, printed boards and the like. Further, the aperture ratio on one side may be in an appropriate range, and the aperture ratio on both sides may be in an appropriate range.

The porosity of the polymer porous membrane obtained by the present invention is 20 to 80%, preferably 30 to 80%, particularly preferably 35 to 80%. Here, the porosity indicates the ratio of the space per unit volume of the polymer porous membrane. When the porosity is 20 to 80%, it is suitable as a low dielectric constant substrate, a vibration absorbing film, a heat insulating sheet, a battery separator, a filling base material and the like.

The Gurley value of the polymer porous membrane obtained by the present invention is preferably 0 to 2000 seconds / 100 cc. When the Gurley value is 0 to 2000 seconds / 100 cc, it is suitable as a battery separator, a liquid / gas filter, an air vent, and the like.

The average pore size of the polymer porous membrane obtained by the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 10 μm. When the average pore diameter is 0.01 to 10 μm, it is suitable as an air vent, a dust-proof film, various battery separator printed boards and the like.

When the aperture ratio and porosity of the polymer porous membrane obtained by the present invention are within appropriate ranges, it may be from the viewpoint of the base material for filling the functional material, and the aperture ratio, porosity, Gurley value, average pore diameter If all are within the appropriate range, it may be used for battery separators, air vents, waterproof / dustproof membranes and the like.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

(Viscosity of polymer solution)
The solution viscosity was measured with an E-type rotational viscometer. The measurement procedure is shown below.
(I) The polyamic acid solution prepared in Production Example was put in a sealed container and kept in a thermostatic bath at 25 ° C. for 10 hours.
(Ii) Using an E-type viscometer (manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd., high-viscosity (EHD type) conical plate type rotary type, cone rotor: 1 ° 34 ′), using the polyamic acid solution prepared in (i) as a measurement solution, The measurement was performed under the conditions of a temperature of 25 ± 0.1 ° C. and a rotation speed of 1 rpm.

(Evaluation of polymer porous membrane)
1) Film thickness
The film thickness was measured with a contact-type thickness meter.
2) Porosity
The film thickness and mass of the porous film cut out to a predetermined size were measured, and the porosity was determined from the basis weight by the following formula (2).

Porosity = S × d × D / w × 100 (Equation 2)
(In the formula, S is the area of the porous film, d is the film thickness, w is the measured mass, and D is the polyimide density. The polyimide density is 1.34 g / cm ^3. )
3) The measurement of the ventilation resistance Gurley value (seconds required for 100 cc of air to permeate the membrane under a pressure of 0.879 g / m ² ) was performed in accordance with JIS P8117.

Production Example 1
(Preparation of polymer solution (A) 1, 2, 3)
In a 500 ml separable flask, using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, the molar ratio of acid anhydride to diamine is 1: 1 and the polymer concentration is 8% by mass as diamine. 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) was measured and charged. Next, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (s-BPDA) was measured and introduced as the acid anhydride so that the molar ratio of acid anhydride to diamine was about 1. did. Thereafter, the lid was covered with a separable cover equipped with a stirring blade, a nitrogen introduction pipe, and an exhaust pipe, and stirring was started. S-BPDA was measured and added as appropriate until the solution viscosity reached an arbitrary viscosity. When an arbitrary viscosity was reached and the viscosity was stabilized, benzoic acid was weighed out and added in an amount of 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyamic acid, and the stirring operation was continued. After 30 hours, stirring was terminated, and the dope in the flask was filtered with a pressure filter (filter paper: manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd .: filter paper for viscous liquid No. 60), and polyamic acid solution compositions 1, 2, 3 was obtained. Respective viscosities were 230, 630, and 880 poise (25 ° C.).

Production Example 2
(Preparation of polymer solution (B) 1, 2, 3)
In a 500 ml separable flask, using NMP as a solvent, the acid anhydride is a diamine molar ratio of 1: 1, the polymer concentration is 8% by mass, and the diamine has a molar ratio of 1: 1. And 1,3 bis (-aminophenoxy) benzene (TPE-R) were measured and added. Next, s-BPDA was measured and added as an acid anhydride so that the molar ratio of acid anhydride to diamine was about 1. Thereafter, the lid was covered with a separable cover equipped with a stirring blade, a nitrogen introduction pipe, and an exhaust pipe, and stirring was started. S-BPDA was measured and added as appropriate until the solution viscosity reached an arbitrary viscosity. When an arbitrary viscosity was reached and the viscosity was stabilized, benzoic acid was weighed out and added in an amount of 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyamic acid, and the stirring operation was continued. Stirring was terminated after 30 hours, and the dope in the flask was filtered with a pressure filter (filter paper: manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd .: filter paper for viscous liquid No. 60), and polyamic acid solution compositions 4, 5, 6 was obtained. The respective viscosities were 240, 550 and 820 poise (25 ° C.).

Example 1
The polymer solution (B) 1 prepared in Production Example 2 was uniformly cast-applied at a thickness of about 100 μm on a stainless 20 cm square substrate whose surface was mirror-polished. Next, the polymer solution (A) 1 prepared in Production Example 1 is deposited on the polymer solution (B) 1 that has been cast-coated after being left in the atmosphere at a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 40% for 1 minute. The film was uniformly cast and applied at about 50 μm. Next, the substrate was left in the atmosphere at a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 40% for 1 minute, and then the entire substrate was put into a coagulation bath (87 parts by mass of water / 13 parts by mass of NMP, room temperature). After the addition, the mixture was allowed to stand for 8 minutes to deposit a polyamic acid film on the substrate. Thereafter, the substrate was taken out from the bath, the polyamic acid film deposited on the substrate was peeled off, and then immersed in pure water for 3 minutes to obtain a polyamic acid film. The polyamic acid film was dried in the atmosphere at a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 40%, and then attached to a 10 cm square pin tenter and set in an electric furnace. Heat to 150 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of about 10 ° C./min, then heat to 380 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 20 ° C./min and heat-treat with a temperature profile held for 3 minutes to obtain a porous polyimide film It was.

Examples 2-13
Kind of polymer solution, from casting application of polymer solution (B) to casting application of polymer solution (A), standing time F and from casting application of polymer solution (A) to immersion in the coagulation bath A porous polyimide film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the standing time S was changed as shown in Table 1.
Table 2 shows presence / absence of peeling of the obtained porous polyimide film, film thickness, and airflow resistance. In Tables 1 and 2, (t) is a value calculated from Equation 1.
In Examples 1 to 13, peeling at the interface between the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B) was not observed.
When the porosity of the porous polyimide film obtained in Example 1 was measured, it was confirmed to be 78%. When the surface of the porous polyimide film obtained in Example 5 was observed with a scanning electron microscope, the surface on the polymer solution (A) side had a porous structure having many communicating pores, and the average pore diameter was 10 μm. It was confirmed that the surface aperture ratio was 40%. Moreover, when the cross section of the porous polyimide film obtained in Example 10 was observed with the scanning electron microscope, the peeling interface was not confirmed. Many macrovoids having a length of 10 μm or more in the transverse direction of the film were confirmed in the cross section.

Comparative Examples 1-5
Kind of polymer solution, from casting application of polymer solution (B) to casting application of polymer solution (A), standing time F and from casting application of polymer solution (A) to immersion in the coagulation bath A porous polyimide film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the standing time S was changed as shown in Table 1.
In Comparative Examples 1 to 5, when immersed in the coagulation liquid, blistering or peeling occurred at the interface between the polymer solution (A) and the polymer solution (B). When the polyamic acid film was dried, many wrinkles caused by peeling were observed, and a polymer porous film without peeling was not obtained.

Claims (8)

In a method for producing a porous polymer membrane comprising a step of laminating and casting two polymer solutions (A) and (B) into a film, and immersing in a coagulation liquid after casting,
A polymer porous membrane characterized by laminating and casting a polymer solution in the order of (B) and (A), and at least one of (A) or (B) being a polymer solution containing polyamic acid as a main component Manufacturing method. The standing time (S) from the time when the polymer solution (A) is laminated and immersed in the coagulation liquid is the solution viscosity (μA) of the two polymer solutions (A) and (B) and (μB). 2. The method for producing a porous polymer membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polymer porous membrane is immersed in a coagulating liquid within a time period (t) or more and 20 minutes calculated from (Equation 1) from a position.
t = 0.9 × (μA / μB) ⁽⁻¹⁾ (1) The polymer solution containing polyamic acid as a main component is composed of 0.3 to 60% by mass of a polyamic acid composed of a tetracarboxylic acid unit and a diamine unit and 40 to 99.7% by mass of an organic polar solvent. A method for producing a porous polymer membrane according to claim 1 or 2. The method for producing a porous polymer membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the coagulation liquid contains water as an essential component. The method for producing a porous polymer membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water concentration of the coagulation liquid is 40% or more. The method for producing a porous polymer membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a step of heat-treating the porous membrane of polyamic acid to imidize. A polymer porous membrane obtained by the production method according to claim 1,
1) At least the opening ratio of one side is 10-80%
2) Porosity is 20-80%
A porous polymer membrane characterized by the following. A polymer porous membrane obtained by the production method according to claim 1,
1) Opening ratio of both surfaces is 10-80%
2) Porosity is 20-80%
3) Gurley value (venting resistance) is 0-2000 seconds / 100cc
4) Average pore diameter of 0.01-10 μm
A porous polymer membrane characterized by being.

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