JP2014225123A - Production method - Google Patents

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JP2014225123A
JP2014225123A JP2013103967A JP2013103967A JP2014225123A JP 2014225123 A JP2014225123 A JP 2014225123A JP 2013103967 A JP2013103967 A JP 2013103967A JP 2013103967 A JP2013103967 A JP 2013103967A JP 2014225123 A JP2014225123 A JP 2014225123A
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work
assembly
cell
production method
robot
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紳一郎 渡邊
Shinichiro Watanabe
紳一郎 渡邊
義人 大竹
Yoshito Otake
義人 大竹
久紀 藤澤
Hisanori Fujisawa
久紀 藤澤
坂本 淳
Atsushi Sakamoto
淳 坂本
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a production method of work assembly operation, which can optimize allocation of the number of steps (or step time) in a cell production type production method.SOLUTION: The cell production type production method for performing work assembly operation by allowing an operator 23 and a robot 24 to perform each of a plurality of assembly operation cells 12 includes: a component accumulation step for collecting assembly components and accumulating the collected assembly components on a carriage 22; a component supply step for supplying the carriage 22 on which the assembly components are accumulated to an assembly operation cell 12; and a preparation step for performing a part of operation in the assembly operation cell 12 on the carriage 22 before the component supply step according to the number of the assembly operation cells 12 under operation.

Description

本発明は、ワークの組立て生産方法に関し、特に、セル生産方式による生産方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for assembling and producing a workpiece, and more particularly, to a production method using a cell production method.

自動車等の工業製品の組立て生産方法では、人とロボットとが共存して組立てを行うことが一般的に行われており、ネジ締め等のロボットが作業可能な工程を自動化し、ハーネス等の結線工程については人が作業を行うように役割分担することで、一部自動化に伴う効率的な運用を可能にしている。
この点、特許文献1には、人作業区とロボット作業区とを備え、これら人作業区とロボット作業区との間を作業対象物(ワーク)が載置された台車が交互に行き交うワーク組立て方法が開示されている。
In assembly and production methods for industrial products such as automobiles, it is common for humans and robots to co-exist and assemble, automating processes that can be performed by robots, such as screw tightening, and connecting harnesses, etc. The process is divided into roles so that people can work, enabling efficient operation in part with automation.
In this regard, Patent Document 1 includes a human work area and a robot work area, and a work assembly in which a carriage on which a work object (work) is placed alternately passes between the human work area and the robot work area. A method is disclosed.

特開2011−152615号公報JP 2011-152615 A

このような人とロボットとが共存する組立て生産方法として、従来から、ライン生産方式の生産方法に加えセル生産方式の生産方法も広く知られている。ライン生産方式の生産方法は、同一製品の大量生産に適しており、例えば、複数の車種で共通の汎用製品の生産に適している。   As an assembly production method in which humans and robots coexist, a cell production method is widely known in addition to a line production method. The production method of the line production method is suitable for mass production of the same product, for example, suitable for production of a general-purpose product common to a plurality of vehicle types.

他方、セル生産方式の生産方法は、多種類の製品の生産に適しており、例えば、車種毎に固有の個別製品の生産に適している。このようなセル生産方式の生産方法では、稼働させる組立作業セルの数を調整することで、生産量を適宜調整することができる。   On the other hand, the production method of the cell production method is suitable for the production of many types of products, for example, suitable for the production of individual products unique to each vehicle type. In the production method of such a cell production method, the production amount can be appropriately adjusted by adjusting the number of assembly work cells to be operated.

ところで、セル生産方式の生産方法では、組立作業セル毎に製品の組み立てを完成させることから、組立て部品を予め積み込んで個々の組立作業セルに供給する工程が必要になる。この部品を供給する工程は組立工程よりも短時間で済むため、作業全体における効率性の観点からは、1人の部品供給者が複数の組立作業セルに対する部品供給工程を担当することが好ましく、一般的に行われている。   By the way, in the production method of the cell production method, since the assembly of the product is completed for each assembly work cell, it is necessary to load the assembled parts in advance and supply them to the individual assembly work cells. Since the process of supplying the parts can be completed in a shorter time than the assembly process, it is preferable that one component supplier is responsible for the parts supply process for a plurality of assembly work cells from the viewpoint of efficiency in the entire work. Generally done.

しかしながら、このような工程管理では、生産量を調整するために組立作業セルの稼働数を減少した場合に部品供給者の作業負荷が小さくなり、部品供給者が手空きの状況になってしまうおそれがあり、更なる改善の余地があった。   However, in such process management, when the number of assembly work cells is reduced in order to adjust the production amount, the workload of the parts supplier is reduced, and the parts supplier may become free. There was room for further improvement.

本発明は、このような問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、セル生産方式の生産方法において、工程数(又は工程時間)の割り振りを最適化可能なワークの組立作業の生産方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and provides a production method of assembly work of a workpiece that can optimize the allocation of the number of steps (or process time) in the production method of the cell production method. With the goal.

(1)複数の組立作業セル(例えば、後述の組立作業セル12)の夫々にて人(例えば、後述の作業者23)及びロボット(例えば、後述のロボット24)が作業を行うことで、ワークの組立作業を行うセル生産方式による生産方法であって、組立て部品を収集し、供給台車上に集積する部品集積工程と、前記組立て部品が集積された前記供給台車(例えば、後述の台車22)を前記組立作業セルに対して供給する部品供給工程と、前記複数の組立作業セルの稼働数に応じて、前記供給台車上で前記組立作業セルにおける作業の一部を、前記部品供給工程の前に行う前作業工程と、を含むことを特徴とする生産方法。   (1) A person (for example, a worker 23 to be described later) and a robot (for example, a robot 24 to be described later) perform work in each of a plurality of assembly work cells (for example, an assembly work cell 12 to be described later). A cell production method for performing the assembly operation of the above, a part integration step of collecting assembly parts and collecting them on a supply carriage, and the supply carriage in which the assembly parts are integrated (for example, a carriage 22 described later) A part supply process for supplying the assembly work cell with a part of the work in the assembly work cell on the supply carriage according to the number of operations of the plurality of assembly work cells. And a pre-operation process to be performed.

(1)の生産方法によれば、組立作業セルの稼働数が減少した場合、組立作業セルの作業の一部を前作業工程で代わりに行うため、部品の収集からワークの組み立て完成までにかかるワーク組立時間を短縮することができる。よって、本発明に係る生産方法によれば、セル生産方式の生産方法において、組立作業セルの稼働数の調整があったとしても、部品供給者に手空きが生じることなく、工程数(又は工程時間)の割り振りを最適化することができる。   According to the production method of (1), when the number of operations of the assembly work cell decreases, a part of the work of the assembly work cell is performed instead of the previous work process. Work assembly time can be shortened. Therefore, according to the production method according to the present invention, in the production method of the cell production method, even if there is an adjustment of the number of operations of the assembly work cell, the number of steps (or steps) is not generated without causing a spare part supplier. Time) allocation can be optimized.

(2)前記前作業工程で行う前記組立作業セルにおける作業の一部は、前記組立作業セルにて人が行う作業の一部である、ことを特徴とする(1)に記載の生産方法。   (2) The production method according to (1), wherein a part of work in the assembly work cell performed in the previous work process is a part of work performed by a person in the assembly work cell.

ロボットが実行可能な作業が限られる現状では、通常、人の作業時間の方がロボットの作業時間よりも長くなるため、(2)の生産方法によれば、より好適に工程数(又は工程時間)の割り振りを最適化することができる。   In the current situation where the work that can be performed by the robot is limited, the human work time is usually longer than the robot work time. Therefore, according to the production method of (2), the number of processes (or process time) is more suitable. ) Allocation can be optimized.

本発明によれば、セル生産方式の生産方法において、工程数(又は工程時間)の割り振りを最適化することができる。   According to the present invention, the allocation of the number of processes (or process time) can be optimized in the production method of the cell production method.

本発明の生産方法を実施するためのワーク組立システムの構成を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the workpiece | work assembly system for enforcing the production method of this invention. ワーク組立システムの工程管理の概要を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the process management of a workpiece | work assembly system. 本発明に係る生産方法の工程管理の概要を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the process management of the production method which concerns on this invention.

発明に係る生産方法を、それを実施するためのワーク組立システムとの関係で好適な実施の形態を掲げ、添付の図面を参照しながら以下、詳細に説明する。   The production method according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, showing preferred embodiments in relation to a work assembly system for carrying out the production method.

図1は、ワーク組立システム10の構成を示す説明図である。ワーク組立システム10は、部品供給区11と複数の組立作業セル12とを有する。部品供給区11及び複数の組立作業セル12は、図示せぬレール等により接続されており、部品供給区11から組立作業セル12の夫々に対して台車22が搬送可能になっている。   FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of the workpiece assembly system 10. The workpiece assembly system 10 includes a component supply section 11 and a plurality of assembly work cells 12. The component supply section 11 and the plurality of assembly work cells 12 are connected by a rail or the like (not shown), and the carriage 22 can be conveyed from the component supply section 11 to each of the assembly work cells 12.

部品供給区11は、基本的には部品集積工程及び部品供給工程が実行される作業区画であり、必要に応じて前作業工程が実行される作業区画である。即ち、部品供給区11において部品供給者21(人)は、所定の収容部からワークを構成する組立て部品を収集し、台車22上に集積するとともに(部品集積工程)、組立て部品が集積された台車22を複数の組立作業セル12の夫々に対して供給する(部品供給工程)。なお、前作業工程については後述する。   The component supply section 11 is basically a work section in which a part accumulation process and a part supply process are executed, and a work section in which a previous work process is executed as necessary. That is, in the parts supply section 11, a parts supplier 21 (person) collects assembly parts constituting a work from a predetermined storage portion and collects them on the carriage 22 (parts integration process), and the assembly parts are integrated. The carriage 22 is supplied to each of the plurality of assembly work cells 12 (part supply process). The pre-operation process will be described later.

組立作業セル12の夫々は、作業者23(人)が作業を行う人作業区13と、ロボット24が作業を行うロボット作業区14とを有する作業区画である。ワークは複数の工程の組立作業によって組み立てられるが、組立作業セル12の夫々でワーク組立ての全工程が行われる。即ち、組立作業セル12は、セル生産方式のワーク組立て作業における作業区画である。台車22は、組立作業セル12の人作業区13及びロボット作業区14の間を順に移動又は交互に行き交い、人作業区13及びロボット作業区14においてワーク組立ての全工程が終了すると、組立作業セル12から搬送され払い出される。   Each of the assembly work cells 12 is a work section having a human work section 13 where a worker 23 (person) performs work and a robot work section 14 where a robot 24 performs work. The workpiece is assembled by an assembly operation of a plurality of processes, and the entire process of assembling the workpiece is performed in each of the assembly work cells 12. That is, the assembly work cell 12 is a work section in the cell assembly work assembly work. The carriage 22 sequentially moves or alternately moves between the human work area 13 and the robot work area 14 of the assembly work cell 12. 12 is conveyed and paid out.

なお、図1に示す組立作業セル12は、1つの人作業区13及び1つのロボット作業区14を有する構成としているが、人作業区13及びロボット作業区14の数は必要に応じて異ならせることとしてもよい。   The assembly work cell 12 shown in FIG. 1 has one human work area 13 and one robot work area 14, but the numbers of the human work area 13 and the robot work area 14 may be varied as necessary. It is good as well.

人作業区13及びロボット作業区14には、作業者23又はロボット24が用いる工具の動力源としての電源又はエアー供給源が設置され、また人作業区13には、作業者23に対して作業支援を行う支援システムが設置される。なお、支援システムは、モニタやスピーカにより構成され、人作業区13において行われる作業の作業手順等のマニュアルを作業者23に対して提示する。
ロボット24は、アームを駆動制御する制御部及びワークの組立て作業の工程、作業手順を記憶した記憶部を有する。ロボット24の制御部が、記憶されているワークの組立て作業の工程、作業手順にしたがって多軸多関節のアームを制御することで、ロボット24は作業を行う。
The human work area 13 and the robot work area 14 are provided with a power source or an air supply source as a power source for the tools used by the worker 23 or the robot 24. A support system is set up to provide support. The support system includes a monitor and a speaker, and presents a manual such as a work procedure of work performed in the human work area 13 to the worker 23.
The robot 24 includes a control unit that drives and controls the arm, and a storage unit that stores a work assembly process and a work procedure. The control unit of the robot 24 controls the multi-axis multi-joint arm according to the stored work assembly work process and work procedure, so that the robot 24 performs work.

図2は、ワーク組立システム10の工程管理の概要を示す説明図である。なお、図2では、説明を容易にするために、各作業工程を単純化して示している。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of process management of the workpiece assembly system 10. In FIG. 2, each work process is shown in a simplified manner for easy explanation.

組立作業セル12における作業時間(セル作業時間)は、図2(A)に示す考え方で捉えることができる。即ち、人作業区13及びロボット作業区14では、同時平行して組立作業を行うことができるため、組立作業セル12の人作業区13で作業者23が行う人作業時間と、ロボット作業区14でロボット24が行うロボット作業時間とのうち長い方を、組立作業セル12におけるセル作業時間として捉えることができる。
人作業時間とロボット作業時間との関係は、工程管理により適宜設定することができるものの、ロボット24が実行可能な作業が限られる現状では、通常、人作業時間の方がロボット作業時間よりも長くなる。図2(A)に示すように本実施形態においても、人作業時間の方が長いため、組立作業セル12におけるセル作業時間は人作業時間T1と一致する。
The work time (cell work time) in the assembly work cell 12 can be grasped by the concept shown in FIG. That is, since the human work section 13 and the robot work section 14 can perform the assembly work in parallel at the same time, the human work time performed by the worker 23 in the human work section 13 of the assembly work cell 12 and the robot work section 14 Thus, the longer one of the robot work times performed by the robot 24 can be regarded as the cell work time in the assembly work cell 12.
Although the relationship between the human work time and the robot work time can be appropriately set by the process management, in the current situation where the work that can be performed by the robot 24 is limited, the human work time is usually longer than the robot work time. Become. As shown in FIG. 2A, also in this embodiment, since the human work time is longer, the cell work time in the assembly work cell 12 coincides with the human work time T1.

部品供給区11における作業は、全工程における最上流の工程であるため短時間で行われるように設定され、また、効率性の観点から1人の部品供給者21が複数の組立作業セル12に対して部品を供給するように設定される。本実施形態では、図2(B)に示すように、1つの組立作業セル12に対する部品供給(部品集積工程及び部品供給工程)を、セル作業時間の3分の1程度の時間で済むように設定するとともに、1つの部品供給区11で3つの組立作業セル12に対する部品供給を行うこととしている。   Since the work in the parts supply area 11 is the most upstream process in all processes, it is set to be performed in a short time, and from the viewpoint of efficiency, one parts supplier 21 is assigned to a plurality of assembly work cells 12. On the other hand, it is set to supply parts. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2B, the parts supply (parts integration process and parts supply process) to one assembly work cell 12 can be performed in about one third of the cell work time. In addition to setting, parts are supplied to three assembly work cells 12 in one part supply section 11.

このようなワーク組立システム10では、部品の収集からワークの組み立て完成までのワーク組立時間は人作業時間T1と一致する。   In such a workpiece assembly system 10, the workpiece assembly time from the collection of parts to the completion of workpiece assembly coincides with the human work time T1.

図3は、本発明に係る生産方法の工程管理の概要を示す説明図である。なお、図3でも、説明を容易にするために、各作業工程を単純化して示している。   FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of process management of the production method according to the present invention. In FIG. 3, each work process is shown in a simplified manner for easy explanation.

セル生産方式は、ライン生産方式に比べて生産量の調整等において優れており、稼働させる組立作業セル12の数を調整することで生産量を調整することができる。しかしながら、工程管理の効率化から1つの部品供給区11が複数の組立作業セル12に対して部品供給を行う状況では、組立作業セル12の稼働数を減少すると、図3(A)に示すように部品供給区11において空き時間が生じてしまう。   The cell production method is superior to the line production method in adjusting the production amount, and the production amount can be adjusted by adjusting the number of assembly work cells 12 to be operated. However, in the situation where one component supply section 11 supplies components to a plurality of assembly work cells 12 for efficiency of process management, if the number of operations of the assembly work cells 12 is reduced, as shown in FIG. In addition, idle time occurs in the parts supply area 11.

そこで、ワーク組立システム10では、組立作業セル12の稼働数に応じて、台車22上で組立作業セル12における作業の一部を、組立作業セル12に対する部品供給前に行う(前作業工程)。なお、前作業工程において行う組立作業セル12における作業の一部は、人作業区13において作業者23が行う作業の一部であってもよく、また、ロボット作業区14においてロボット24が行う作業の一部であってもよいが、空き時間の有効活用(即ち、全工程に係る時間の短縮)の観点から、より長い時間がかかる作業の一部を行うことが好ましい。そこで、本実施形態では、人作業区13において作業者23が行う作業の一部を、部品供給区11において前作業工程として、部品供給者21が台車22上で行うこととしている。   Therefore, in the workpiece assembly system 10, a part of the work in the assembly work cell 12 is performed on the carriage 22 before supplying the parts to the assembly work cell 12 according to the number of operations of the assembly work cell 12 (pre-work process). A part of the work in the assembly work cell 12 performed in the previous work process may be a part of the work performed by the worker 23 in the human work area 13, and the work performed by the robot 24 in the robot work area 14. However, it is preferable to perform a part of work that takes longer time from the viewpoint of effective utilization of free time (that is, reduction of time for all processes). Therefore, in the present embodiment, a part of the work performed by the worker 23 in the human work section 13 is performed by the parts supplier 21 on the carriage 22 as a previous work process in the parts supply section 11.

このような前作業工程により、人作業区13の人作業時間T1が短縮されることになるため、図3(B)に示しように部品の収集からワークの組み立て完成までのワーク組立時間もT1からT2に短縮され、セル生産方式の生産方法における工程数(又は工程時間)の割り振りを最適化することができる。   Such a pre-work process shortens the man work time T1 of the man work zone 13, and therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B, the work assembly time from the collection of parts to the completion of the work assembly is also T1. The number of processes (or process time) in the production method of the cell production method can be optimized.

なお、組立作業セル12には前作業工程が行われた台車22が搬送されることから、前作業工程で行う作業は、組立作業セル12で行う作業工程の上流の工程であることが好ましい。
また、前作業工程で部品供給区11が請け負う作業の一部は、組立作業セル12の稼働数に応じて、変更可能にしてもよい。即ち、組立作業セル12の稼働数が1つの場合と、組立作業セル12の稼働数が2つの場合とで、前作業工程で部品供給区11が請け負う作業を異ならせることとしてもよい。より詳細には、組立作業セル12の稼働数が1つの場合には、前作業工程で第1工程数の作業を行うこととし、組立作業セル12の稼働数が2つの場合には、前作業工程で第1工程数よりも少ない第2工程数の作業を行うこととしてもよい。
Since the carriage 22 that has been subjected to the previous work process is transported to the assembly work cell 12, the work performed in the previous work process is preferably an upstream process of the work process performed in the assembly work cell 12.
Further, a part of the work undertaken by the parts supply section 11 in the previous work process may be changed according to the number of operations of the assembly work cell 12. That is, the work undertaken by the component supply section 11 in the previous work process may be made different depending on whether the number of operations of the assembly work cell 12 is one or two. More specifically, when the number of operations of the assembly work cell 12 is one, the first number of operations is performed in the previous work process, and when the number of operations of the assembly work cell 12 is two, the previous work is performed. It is good also as performing the operation | work of the 2nd process number smaller than the 1st process number by a process.

以上、本発明に係る生産方法に好適なワーク組立システム10について説明した。このワーク組立システム10により実施される本発明の生産方法によれば、組立作業セル12の稼働数が減少した場合、組立作業セル12の作業の一部を前作業工程として部品供給区11で代わりに行うため、部品の収集からワークの組み立て完成までにかかるワーク組立時間を短縮することができる。他方、複数の組立作業セル12が稼働している状況では、1つの部品供給区11が複数の組立作業セル12に対して部品供給を行うことで組み立て作業の工程を適切に管理できる。
そのため、本発明に係る生産方法によれば、セル生産方式の生産方法において、組立作業セルの稼働数の調整があったとしても、工程数(又は工程時間)の割り振りを最適化することができる。
The work assembly system 10 suitable for the production method according to the present invention has been described above. According to the production method of the present invention implemented by the workpiece assembly system 10, when the number of operations of the assembly work cell 12 decreases, a part of the work of the assembly work cell 12 is replaced by the parts supply section 11 as a previous work process. Therefore, the work assembly time required from the collection of parts to the completion of work assembly can be shortened. On the other hand, in a situation where a plurality of assembly work cells 12 are operating, one part supply section 11 can appropriately manage the assembly work process by supplying parts to the plurality of assembly work cells 12.
Therefore, according to the production method of the present invention, in the production method of the cell production method, the allocation of the number of processes (or process time) can be optimized even if the number of assembly work cells is adjusted. .

以上、本発明の生産方法の好ましい一実施形態につき説明したが、本発明は、上述の実施形態に制限されるものではなく、適宜変更が可能である。   The preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate.

10 ワーク組立システム
11 部品供給区
12 組立作業セル
13 人作業区
14 ロボット作業区
21 部品供給者
22 台車
23 作業者
24 ロボット
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Work assembly system 11 Parts supply area 12 Assembly work cell 13 Person work area 14 Robot work area 21 Parts supplier 22 Carriage 23 Worker 24 Robot

Claims (2)

複数の組立作業セルの夫々にて人及びロボットが作業を行うことで、ワークの組立作業を行うセル生産方式による生産方法であって、
組立て部品を収集し、供給台車上に集積する部品集積工程と、
前記組立て部品が集積された前記供給台車を前記組立作業セルに対して供給する部品供給工程と、
前記複数の組立作業セルの稼働数に応じて、前記供給台車上で前記組立作業セルにおける作業の一部を、前記部品供給工程の前に行う前作業工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする生産方法。
A production method by a cell production method in which a work is performed by a person and a robot working in each of a plurality of assembly work cells,
Collecting parts to be assembled and collecting them on a supply cart;
A component supply step of supplying the supply carriage in which the assembly components are integrated to the assembly work cell;
Depending on the number of operations of the plurality of assembly work cells, a pre-work process for performing a part of the work in the assembly work cell on the supply carriage before the parts supply process,
A production method comprising:
前記前作業工程で行う前記組立作業セルにおける作業の一部は、前記組立作業セルにて人が行う作業の一部である、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の生産方法。
The production method according to claim 1, wherein a part of the work in the assembly work cell performed in the previous work process is a part of a work performed by a person in the assembly work cell.
JP2013103967A 2013-05-16 2013-05-16 Production method Pending JP2014225123A (en)

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KR20220161965A (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-07 주식회사 유라 Optimizing method for the manufacturing process
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