JP2014205258A - Thermoplastic resin recycled material - Google Patents

Thermoplastic resin recycled material Download PDF

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JP2014205258A
JP2014205258A JP2013082740A JP2013082740A JP2014205258A JP 2014205258 A JP2014205258 A JP 2014205258A JP 2013082740 A JP2013082740 A JP 2013082740A JP 2013082740 A JP2013082740 A JP 2013082740A JP 2014205258 A JP2014205258 A JP 2014205258A
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thermoplastic resin
specific gravity
sorting
sorting means
dry
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JP6114917B2 (en
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中島 啓造
Keizo Nakajima
啓造 中島
章浩 野末
Akihiro Nozue
章浩 野末
公美子 大久保
Kimiko Okubo
公美子 大久保
西田 博史
Hiroshi Nishida
博史 西田
憲一 徳弘
Kenichi Tokuhiro
憲一 徳弘
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Panasonic Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thermoplastic resin recycled material having improved appearance quality in classifying and selecting a target resin from waste including plural kinds of synthetic resin.SOLUTION: Provided is the thermoplastic resin recycled material which is classified and collected by using dry type selection means from waste of thermoplastic resin including plural kinds of thermoplastic resin. As the dry type selection means, selection means by near infrared spectral and selection means by dry type specific gravity difference method are used for improving purity of the recycled material and appearance.

Description

本発明は、使用済み家電製品などの複数種の合成樹脂材が混在する廃材から対象樹脂を分別・選別した上で、再資源化する熱可塑性樹脂の再生技術に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a thermoplastic resin recycling technique in which a target resin is sorted and sorted from waste materials in which a plurality of types of synthetic resin materials such as used home appliances are mixed, and then recycled.

近年の大量生産、大量消費、大量廃棄型の経済活動が、地球温暖化や資源の枯渇など地球規模での環境問題を引き起こしている。このような状況の中、循環型社会の構築に向けて、平成13年4月から家電リサイクル法が完全施行され、使用済みになったエアコン、テレビ、冷蔵庫・冷凍庫、洗濯機のリサイクルが義務付けられている。   Recent mass production, mass consumption, and mass disposal economic activities have caused global environmental problems such as global warming and resource depletion. Under these circumstances, the Home Appliance Recycling Law was fully enforced in April 2001, and recycling of used air conditioners, TVs, refrigerators / freezers and washing machines was obliged to build a recycling-oriented society. ing.

回収された家電製品は、家電リサイクル工場において、破砕後に、磁気、風力、振動等を利用して材料毎に分別回収され、再資源化されている。特に金属材料は、比重選別装置や磁気選別装置を用いることで、鉄、銅、アルミニウムなど材料毎に高純度で回収され、高い再資源化率が実現されている。   The collected home appliances are collected and recycled for each material by using magnetism, wind power, vibration, etc. after crushing in a home appliance recycling factory. In particular, by using a specific gravity sorting device or a magnetic sorting device, the metal material is recovered with high purity for each material such as iron, copper, and aluminum, and a high recycling rate is realized.

一方、合成樹脂材料では、軽比重物であるポリプロピレン(PP)が、水を利用した比重選別法により高比重物と分別され、比較的高純度で回収されている。しかしながら、水を利用した比重選別法は、大量の排水が発生することや比重の近いポリスチレン(PS)とアクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン系ポリマー(以下、ABSと表記)とが分別できないことが大きな課題となっている。また近年、高比重物であるフィラー入りポリプロピレンの需要が拡大しているが、フィラー入りポリプロピレンは、従来の比重選別法では選別できなくなっている。   On the other hand, in a synthetic resin material, polypropylene (PP), which is a light specific gravity, is separated from a high specific gravity by a specific gravity selection method using water and is recovered with a relatively high purity. However, the specific gravity sorting method using water has a major problem that a large amount of waste water is generated and polystyrene (PS) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer (hereinafter referred to as ABS) having a similar specific gravity cannot be separated. It has become. In recent years, demand for filler-filled polypropylene, which has a high specific gravity, has increased, but filler-filled polypropylene cannot be sorted by the conventional specific gravity sorting method.

上記課題を解決するために、合成樹脂材料を再資源化するための分別方法が特許文献1及び特許文献2等にて提案されている。   In order to solve the above-described problems, Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and the like have proposed a separation method for recycling synthetic resin materials.

特許文献1及び特許文献2は、材質選別装置により材質を選別することで、従来の比重選別法では分別できない合成樹脂材料の分別を可能にしている。   Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 enable the separation of synthetic resin materials that cannot be separated by a conventional specific gravity sorting method by sorting materials using a material sorting device.

具体的には、搬送装置によって搬送される合成樹脂混在物を、材料選別装置により個々に材質識別し、搬送装置の搬出端より合成樹脂混在物が落下する際に、識別した特定材質の合成樹脂に向けて、落下経路の下方から高圧空気を吐出し、前記特定材質の合成樹脂を他の合成樹脂混在物の自然落下位置よりも遠方に吹飛ばすことにより特定材質の合成樹脂を分別する方法である。   Specifically, the synthetic resin mixture conveyed by the conveying device is individually identified by the material sorting device, and the synthetic resin of the identified specific material is identified when the synthetic resin mixture falls from the carry-out end of the conveying device. In this method, high-pressure air is discharged from below the falling path, and the synthetic resin of the specific material is blown away from the natural fall position of the other synthetic resin mixture to separate the specific synthetic resin. is there.

この分別方法によれば、比重の近いPSとABSとを分別でき、高比重物であるフィラー入りポリプロピレンを分別することができる。   According to this sorting method, PS and ABS having a specific gravity close to each other can be sorted, and filler-filled polypropylene that is a high specific gravity can be sorted.

特開2002−263587号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-263587 特開2011−104461号公報JP 2011-104461 A

特許文献1や特許文献2の長所としては、水を使わない乾式選別方法によって樹脂選別を行うことができるため、比較的小型の装置で処理できることや排水処理が不要な点など
が挙げられる。
Advantages of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 include that the resin can be sorted by a dry sorting method that does not use water, so that it can be processed by a relatively small apparatus and waste water treatment is unnecessary.

一方、対象樹脂を純度100%で得ることは難しく、最大0.5%程度の異樹脂混入は避けられない。母材となる樹脂に異樹脂が3%程度混入した場合でも、物性的な低下は小さく、かつ耐久性に関しても問題はないが、塩素脱離などが生じやすい塩素系樹脂(例えば塩化ビニル樹脂など)が混入した場合には、金型による成形時に滞留時間が長い場合などに、変色が生じるなどの外観品位上の課題を発生することがある。   On the other hand, it is difficult to obtain the target resin with a purity of 100%, and it is inevitable that a different resin is mixed up to about 0.5%. Even when about 3% of a different resin is mixed in the base resin, there is little deterioration in physical properties and there is no problem in terms of durability, but a chlorine-based resin (for example, vinyl chloride resin, etc.) that is prone to chlorine desorption. ) May cause problems in appearance quality such as discoloration when the residence time is long during molding with a mold.

本発明は、上記従来の問題点を解決するもので、複数種の合成樹脂材が混在する廃材から対象樹脂を分別・選別して再資源化するに際し、長期間にわたり外観上も問題なく使用し得る熱可塑性樹脂再生材を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and when used to separate and sort the target resin from the waste material in which a plurality of types of synthetic resin materials are mixed, it can be used without any problem in appearance over a long period of time. An object is to provide a thermoplastic resin recycled material to be obtained.

前記従来の課題を解決するために、本発明の熱可塑性樹脂再生材は、複数種の熱可塑性樹脂が混在する熱可塑性樹脂廃材から乾式選別手段を用いて分別回収する熱可塑性樹脂再生材において、前記乾式選別手段は、近赤外分光法による選別手段と、乾式比重差法による選別手段を有することを特徴とするものである。   In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the thermoplastic resin recycled material of the present invention is a thermoplastic resin recycled material that is separated and recovered from a thermoplastic resin waste material in which a plurality of types of thermoplastic resins are mixed using a dry sorting means. The dry sorting means includes a sorting means based on near infrared spectroscopy and a sorting means based on a dry specific gravity difference method.

本発明の熱可塑性樹脂再生材は、使用済み家電製品などの、複数種の熱可塑性樹脂が混在する熱可塑性樹脂廃材から乾式手段を用いて分別回収された熱可塑性樹脂再生材において、乾式手段として、近赤外分光法による選別手段と、乾式比重差法による選別手段を用いることを特徴とするものであり、樹脂中の純度をさらに向上させることができ、耐久物性は当然ながら、外観品位上も問題なく使用し得る熱可塑性樹脂再生材を提供できる。   The thermoplastic resin recycled material of the present invention is used as a dry means in a thermoplastic resin recycled material separated and collected using a dry means from a thermoplastic resin waste material in which plural types of thermoplastic resins are mixed, such as used home appliances. It is characterized by using sorting means by near-infrared spectroscopy and sorting means by dry specific gravity difference method, which can further improve the purity in the resin, and of course the durability properties are high in appearance quality. However, it is possible to provide a thermoplastic resin recycled material that can be used without any problem.

本発明の実施の形態1におけるリサイクル方法を含めた一般的なリサイクル工程を示す図The figure which shows the general recycling process including the recycling method in Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本実施の形態1における近赤外線選別システムを示す図The figure which shows the near-infrared sorting system in this Embodiment 1. 本実施の形態1における乾式比重差選別装置を示す図The figure which shows the dry-type specific gravity difference selection apparatus in this Embodiment 1.

第1の発明は、複数種の熱可塑性樹脂が混在する熱可塑性樹脂廃材から乾式手段を用いて分別回収された熱可塑性樹脂再生材において、前記乾式手段が、近赤外分光法による選別手段と、乾式比重差法による選別手段を有することにより、高純度かつ、高外観品位を提供できる熱可塑性樹脂再生材を得ることができる。   In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a recycled thermoplastic resin material separated and collected from a thermoplastic resin waste material in which a plurality of types of thermoplastic resins are mixed using a dry means, wherein the dry means includes a selection means by near infrared spectroscopy. By having a selection means by a dry specific gravity difference method, a thermoplastic resin recycled material that can provide high purity and high appearance quality can be obtained.

近赤外自動選別法では、樹脂の分子構造に起因する近赤外分光スペクトルの差を利用して、例えば、PP、PS、ABSなどを瞬時に分別することができるが、主鎖骨格が同じで、側鎖の一部が置換されたような樹脂種、例えば塩化ビニル樹脂(以下PVCと表記)は、PPと類似する近赤外分光スペクトルとなるため、樹脂種を判定し難い場合がある。そこで、近赤外自動選別法により分別した後に、さらに乾式比重差選別を利用して選別することにより、より高精度にPPとPVCを選別することができる。   In the near-infrared automatic sorting method, for example, PP, PS, ABS, etc. can be fractionated instantaneously by utilizing the difference in near-infrared spectrum caused by the molecular structure of the resin, but the main chain skeleton is the same. Thus, a resin type in which a part of the side chain is substituted, for example, a vinyl chloride resin (hereinafter referred to as PVC) has a near-infrared spectrum similar to PP, and therefore it may be difficult to determine the resin type. . Therefore, after sorting by the near-infrared automatic sorting method, PP and PVC can be sorted with higher accuracy by further sorting using dry specific gravity difference sorting.

また、場合によっては、近赤外自動選別装置の回収率を上げるために、低い純度でPSやABSの回収を行った上で、含まれる可能性のあるPPを比重差選別法によって選別する方法として用いることも可能である。   In some cases, in order to increase the recovery rate of the near-infrared automatic sorting apparatus, after collecting PS and ABS with low purity, a method of sorting PP that may be contained by the specific gravity difference sorting method Can also be used.

第2の発明は、第1の発明の熱可塑性樹脂再生材において、複数種の熱可塑性樹脂が混在する熱可塑性樹脂廃材が家庭用冷蔵庫・冷凍庫、家庭用空調機、洗濯機から選ばれるも
のであり、家電リサイクル工場に回収された廃家電機器を有効に利用することが可能となり、環境に配慮したリサイクル取組みを実現できることになる。
A second invention is a thermoplastic resin recycled material according to the first invention, wherein a thermoplastic resin waste material in which a plurality of types of thermoplastic resins are mixed is selected from a household refrigerator / freezer, a domestic air conditioner, and a washing machine. Yes, it will be possible to effectively use the waste home appliances collected in the home appliance recycling factory, and it will be possible to realize environmentally friendly recycling efforts.

家電リサイクルされた機器から熱可塑性樹脂を回収する方法を確立することにより、再商品化時においても、安定した材料供給を確保することができる。また、これにより家電リサイクル法で定められたリサイクル率に対して、鉄、銅、アルミなどといった金属系のみでなく、熱可塑性樹脂を中心に、再利用化を促進でき、リサイクル率をさらに向上でき、環境配慮型商品展開を更に推し進めることが可能となる。   By establishing a method for recovering thermoplastic resin from appliances recycled to home appliances, stable material supply can be ensured even at the time of commercialization. In addition, the recycling rate stipulated in the Home Appliance Recycling Law can be promoted not only for metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum, but also for thermoplastic resins, and the recycling rate can be further improved. It is possible to further promote the development of environmentally friendly products.

第3の発明は、第1あるいは第2の発明の熱可塑性再生材において、複数種の熱可塑性樹脂が混在する熱可塑性樹脂廃材が、ポリオレフィン、ポリスチレン、スチレン−ブタジエン系ポリマー、アクリロニトリル−スチレン系ポリマー、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン系ポリマー、ハイインパクトポリスチレンからなる群より選ばれる熱可塑性樹脂を2種以上含むものである。   The third invention is the thermoplastic recycled material of the first or second invention, wherein the thermoplastic resin waste material in which a plurality of types of thermoplastic resins are mixed is polyolefin, polystyrene, styrene-butadiene polymer, acrylonitrile-styrene polymer. And two or more thermoplastic resins selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers and high impact polystyrene.

これら熱可塑性樹脂は家庭用電化機器に多く使用される樹脂群であり、これら複数種の樹脂群から、例えば、ポリオレフィン、ポリスチレン、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン系ポリマー、といったように分別回収することにより、部品の要求特性に応じた再利用を効果的に促進できる。   These thermoplastic resins are a group of resins that are often used in household electrical appliances. From these multiple types of resin groups, for example, by separately collecting, for example, polyolefin, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer, Reuse according to the required characteristics of parts can be effectively promoted.

第4の発明は、第1〜第3の発明の熱可塑性樹脂再生材において、乾式比重法による選別手段が、振動比重による選別手段からなるものであり、排水処理を必要としない小型でコンパクトな装置により、再生材の純度を向上させることができる。   According to a fourth invention, in the thermoplastic resin recycled material according to the first to third inventions, the sorting means based on the dry specific gravity method comprises the sorting means based on the vibration specific gravity, and is small and compact that does not require waste water treatment. The purity of the recycled material can be improved by the apparatus.

乾式比重差選別は、近赤外自動選別後に選別する2種の樹脂の比重差が大きいことが条件となり、例えば、上述したような低比重のPPに高比重のPVCなどが混在している場合に適している。乾式比重差選別の原理としては、傾斜した選別デッキに比重差の異なる2種以上の樹脂を配し、重比重物が登っていく方向の振動を与え、空気を供給する。傾斜した選別デッキ上に定量供給された原料は吹き上げる空気により浮遊を繰り返し、低比重物は傾斜の低い方に排出されるが、重比重物は空気で浮遊しないため、振動力によりデッキを登ることになり、徐々に排出側に集束していく。このような振動を利用した振動比重差選別装置であるが、例えばこのようなものを利用することにより、PPとPVCを容易に選別することが可能となる。   Dry specific gravity sorting is based on the condition that the difference in specific gravity between the two types of resins selected after the near-infrared automatic sorting is large. For example, when low specific gravity PP as described above is mixed with high specific gravity PVC, etc. Suitable for As the principle of dry specific gravity difference sorting, two or more kinds of resins having different specific gravity differences are arranged on an inclined sorting deck, and vibrations are given in the direction in which the heavy specific gravity climbs to supply air. The raw material supplied on the inclined sorting deck repeatedly floats by the air blown up, and the low specific gravity is discharged to the lower slope, but the heavy specific gravity does not float in the air, so climb the deck by vibration force And gradually converge to the discharge side. Although it is a vibration specific gravity difference sorting apparatus using such vibration, for example, by using such a thing, it becomes possible to sort PP and PVC easily.

第5の発明は、廃棄回収された家庭用冷蔵庫・冷凍庫から分別回収された熱可塑性樹脂廃材を用いて、近赤外分光法による選別手段及び、乾式比重差法による選別手段によりポリオレフィン系樹脂材料を得ることにより、耐久物性と外観品位に優れた熱可塑性樹脂再生材を提供できる。   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a polyolefin-based resin material obtained by sorting means by near infrared spectroscopy and sorting means by a dry specific gravity difference method using waste thermoplastic resin waste collected and collected from a household refrigerator / freezer. Thus, it is possible to provide a thermoplastic resin recycled material having excellent durability properties and appearance quality.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、この実施の形態によって本発明が限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

(実施の形態1)
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における熱可塑性樹脂廃材の再資源化方法の再生化工程の一例を示すものである。
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows an example of the regeneration process of the method for recycling thermoplastic resin waste material according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

本実施の形態1においては、回収された廃家電品のリサイクル工程の一例として、使用済み冷蔵庫のリサイクル工程を説明する。   In this Embodiment 1, the recycling process of a used refrigerator is demonstrated as an example of the recycling process of the collect | recovered waste household appliances.

本実施の形態1においては、使用済み冷蔵庫から、冷媒やコンプレッサーを取り除き、
さらに野菜室・冷凍室ケースや冷蔵室の棚などの樹脂を手解体により取り除いた後、破砕機で破砕し、さらに、金属やプラスチックが混ざった破砕片から、磁力により鉄などの金属を取り除き、軽量のウレタンフォーム等を風力で吸引除去する。そして、鉄などの金属とウレタンフォーム等を取り除いた破砕片を、うず電流選別器で金属とそれ以外の破砕片に分別した後、さらに篩い分けすることにより5〜150mmの大きさの混合熱可塑性樹脂廃材を回収する。
In Embodiment 1, the refrigerant and compressor are removed from the used refrigerator,
Furthermore, after removing resin such as vegetable room / freezer case and refrigeration room shelf by manual dismantling, crushing with crushing machine, and further removing metal such as iron by magnetic force from crushing pieces mixed with metal and plastic, Lightweight urethane foam, etc. is removed by wind power. And after separating the crushed pieces from which the metal such as iron and urethane foam have been separated into metals and other crushed pieces with an eddy current sorter, the mixed thermoplastic having a size of 5 to 150 mm is further sieved. Collect resin waste.

次に、混合熱可塑性樹脂廃材から近赤外分光分析法を用いた近赤外線選別システムにより熱可塑性樹脂再生材を分別回収する。   Next, the thermoplastic resin recycled material is separated and recovered from the mixed thermoplastic resin waste material by a near infrared sorting system using near infrared spectroscopy.

以下に、近赤外分光分析法を用いた近赤外線選別システムについて説明する。   Below, the near-infrared sorting system using near-infrared spectroscopy will be described.

有機化合物は物質中の原子団ごとに光の吸収波長帯が異なるため、分子構造によって固有の近赤外線吸収スペクトルを示す。近赤外線選別システムとは、有機化合物が分子構造によって固有の近赤外線吸収スペクトルを示すことを利用して、有機化合物の材質を識別するシステムのことである。   Since organic compounds have different light absorption wavelength bands for each atomic group in the substance, they exhibit a unique near-infrared absorption spectrum depending on the molecular structure. The near-infrared sorting system is a system for identifying the material of an organic compound by utilizing the fact that the organic compound exhibits a unique near-infrared absorption spectrum depending on the molecular structure.

具体的には、合成樹脂材料に近赤外線を照射し、吸収スペクトルを計測することで、合成樹脂材料の種類を特定する。近赤外線吸収スペクトルの特徴として、水素結合や分子間相互作用でピーク位置や幅、強度が変化するため、臭素含有樹脂も近赤外線吸収スペクトルを計測することにより識別することができる。   Specifically, the type of synthetic resin material is specified by irradiating the synthetic resin material with near infrared rays and measuring the absorption spectrum. As a feature of the near-infrared absorption spectrum, the peak position, width, and intensity change due to hydrogen bonds and intermolecular interactions, so that a bromine-containing resin can also be identified by measuring the near-infrared absorption spectrum.

図2は、本発明の実施の形態1における近赤外線識別システムを模式的に示す斜視図である。   FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing the near-infrared identification system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

図2に示すように、近赤外線識別システム20は、粉砕された混合材料を搬送する搬送装置1と、搬送装置1により運搬される混合材料の個々の材質を判別する情報取得装置である近赤外線識別装置4と、吐出口5を備える管体8と、管体8に高圧空気を供給する空圧源15と、空圧源15から管体8への高圧空気を制御する電磁弁10と、制御手段14と、分別板6とを備えている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the near-infrared identification system 20 is a near-infrared ray that is a transport device 1 that transports the pulverized mixed material and an information acquisition device that discriminates individual materials of the mixed material transported by the transport device 1. An identification device 4, a tube body 8 having a discharge port 5, an air pressure source 15 for supplying high-pressure air to the tube body 8, and an electromagnetic valve 10 for controlling high-pressure air from the air pressure source 15 to the tube body 8; A control means 14 and a sorting plate 6 are provided.

本実施の形態1においては、近赤外線識別装置4は、分別対象とする熱可塑性樹脂材としてポリプロピレンを設定しており、粉砕された混合材料からポリプロピレンを判別する。   In the first embodiment, the near-infrared identification device 4 sets polypropylene as the thermoplastic resin material to be separated, and discriminates polypropylene from the pulverized mixed material.

以下、近赤外自動選別システムの動作、作用を説明する。   The operation and action of the near-infrared automatic sorting system will be described below.

分別対象となる熱可塑性樹脂材料2やその他の樹脂材料3を含む粉砕された熱可塑性樹脂廃材11を、それぞれが重ならないように搬送装置1の上に散布する。搬送装置1は、熱可塑性樹脂廃材11を約2m/秒の速度で、情報取得装置である近赤外線識別装置4に向けて搬送する。近赤外線識別装置4は、搬送装置1により搬送される熱可塑性樹脂廃材11の種類を判別すると共に、個々の幅方向(x軸方向)の位置情報を取得する。   The pulverized thermoplastic resin waste material 11 including the thermoplastic resin material 2 to be separated and other resin materials 3 is sprayed on the conveying device 1 so as not to overlap each other. The conveyance device 1 conveys the thermoplastic resin waste material 11 at a speed of about 2 m / sec toward the near-infrared identification device 4 that is an information acquisition device. The near-infrared identification device 4 determines the type of the thermoplastic resin waste material 11 transported by the transport device 1 and acquires position information in each width direction (x-axis direction).

具体的には、近赤外線識別装置4は、近赤外線センサを備え、分別対象となる熱可塑性樹脂材料2とその他の樹脂材料3との近赤外線吸収スペクトルの差に基づいて分別対象となる熱可塑性樹脂材料2とその他の樹脂材料3とを識別する。また、熱可塑性樹脂廃材11を撮像し、得られた画像の解析結果と近赤外線吸収スペクトルによる識別結果に基づいて分別対象となる熱可塑性樹脂材料2の位置情報を取得する。   Specifically, the near-infrared identification device 4 includes a near-infrared sensor, and the thermoplastic to be classified based on the difference in the near-infrared absorption spectrum between the thermoplastic resin material 2 to be classified and the other resin material 3. The resin material 2 and the other resin material 3 are identified. Moreover, the thermoplastic resin waste material 11 is imaged, and the positional information of the thermoplastic resin material 2 to be classified is acquired based on the analysis result of the obtained image and the identification result by the near infrared absorption spectrum.

搬送装置1は、熱可塑性樹脂廃材11を近赤外線識別装置4下流側に向けて搬送する。
制御手段14は、近赤外線識別装置4からの位置情報に基づいて電磁弁10を制御し、搬送装置1端部から落下する分別対象となる熱可塑性樹脂材料2に向けて吐出口5から高圧空気(吐出圧力:5bar)を噴射して、分別板6を飛び越えさせる。分別対象となる熱可塑性樹脂材料2以外のその他の樹脂材料3が吐出口5を通過する際には、吐出口5から高圧空気を噴射させないため、分別板6を飛び越えることなく落下する。これにより、分別対象となる熱可塑性樹脂材料2とその他の樹脂材料3とを分別し、熱可塑性樹脂材料2を効率的に高純度で回収することが可能となる。
The conveyance device 1 conveys the thermoplastic resin waste material 11 toward the downstream side of the near-infrared identification device 4.
The control means 14 controls the electromagnetic valve 10 based on the position information from the near-infrared identification device 4, and high-pressure air from the discharge port 5 toward the thermoplastic resin material 2 to be separated that falls from the end of the transport device 1. (Discharge pressure: 5 bar) is injected to jump over the separation plate 6. When the other resin material 3 other than the thermoplastic resin material 2 to be separated passes through the discharge port 5, high pressure air is not jetted from the discharge port 5, so that it falls without jumping over the separation plate 6. This makes it possible to separate the thermoplastic resin material 2 to be separated from the other resin materials 3 and efficiently recover the thermoplastic resin material 2 with high purity.

近赤外線識別システム20の各構成部品の具体構成を説明すると、管体8は、具体的には金属製のパイプを例示することができる。電磁弁10は、具体的にはいわゆるソレノイドバルブである。制御手段14は、具体的にはいわゆるコンピュータである。空圧源15は、具体的には空気を一定の圧力で供給するコンプレッサーである。   If the specific structure of each component of the near-infrared identification system 20 is demonstrated, the pipe body 8 can specifically illustrate a metal pipe. Specifically, the electromagnetic valve 10 is a so-called solenoid valve. The control means 14 is specifically a so-called computer. Specifically, the air pressure source 15 is a compressor that supplies air at a constant pressure.

近赤外線選別システムにより分別した熱可塑性樹脂材料2は、破砕機で2〜50mmの大きさに粉砕した後、図1のフローチャートに示すように乾式洗浄装置により表面付着物を除去して、樹脂片表面の汚れやシールなどを除去する。乾式洗浄の後、さらに、風力選別や静電セパレーター選別、金属感知選別などを行って、さらに不純物を除去するようにしてもよい。   The thermoplastic resin material 2 separated by the near-infrared sorting system is crushed to a size of 2 to 50 mm by a crusher, and then the surface deposits are removed by a dry cleaning device as shown in the flowchart of FIG. Remove dirt and seals on the surface. After the dry cleaning, impurities may be further removed by performing wind sorting, electrostatic separator sorting, metal sensing sorting, or the like.

なお、洗浄方法としては、乾式洗浄、湿式洗浄など種々の方式が存在するが、本発明では、水を使用しないために環境への影響が最も少ない乾式洗浄を採用した。また、乾式洗浄装置には、高速回転するハンマブレードの打撃によって表面付着物を除去する手段や、原料同士の相互擦り作用によって洗浄する手段等があるが、特に限定するものではない。   There are various cleaning methods such as dry cleaning and wet cleaning. In the present invention, dry cleaning that has the least influence on the environment is employed because water is not used. The dry cleaning apparatus includes means for removing surface deposits by hitting a hammer blade rotating at high speed and means for cleaning by mutual rubbing action between raw materials, but is not particularly limited.

図3は、本発明の実施の形態1における乾式比重差選別装置を模式的に示す図である。   FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

図3に示すように、乾式比重差選別装置30は、装置上部より供給された熱可塑性樹脂再生材21を、選別する選別デッキ22と、選別デッキ22上で熱可塑性樹脂再生材21を重比重と低比重に分別するための空気を吹出すための送風機23、送風機23からの空気を選別デッキ22に送り込むための一次コントロール室24、整流格子25、二次コントロール室26、通風多孔板27を備えている。   As shown in FIG. 3, the dry specific gravity difference sorting device 30 includes a sorting deck 22 for sorting out the thermoplastic resin recycled material 21 supplied from the upper part of the device, and a weight density of the thermoplastic resin recycled material 21 on the sorting deck 22. A blower 23 for blowing out air for separation into low specific gravity, a primary control chamber 24 for sending air from the blower 23 to the sorting deck 22, a rectifying grid 25, a secondary control chamber 26, and a ventilated porous plate 27. I have.

以下、乾式比重差選別装置による動作、作用を説明する。   The operation and action of the dry specific gravity difference sorting device will be described below.

傾斜した選別デッキ22上に比重差の異なる複数種類の熱可塑性樹脂再生材21を上部側から投入する。乾式比重差選別装置30内に備えられた送風機23が、外部よりエアーフィルタなどを介して吸気した空気を一次コントロール室24、整流格子25、二次コントロール室26、通風多孔板27を通過させる。その際、送風機23からの風量が選別デッキ22に均等に送られるように調整を行う。選別デッキ22は、振動により重比重物が登っていく方向に設定が行われており、供給された熱可塑性樹脂再生材21は、吹き上げる空気により浮遊を繰り返し、低比重物は傾斜の低い方に移動し、空気により浮遊しない重比重物は振動力により選別デッキ22を登ることになる。   A plurality of types of thermoplastic resin recycled materials 21 having different specific gravity differences are placed on the inclined sorting deck 22 from the upper side. A blower 23 provided in the dry specific gravity difference sorting device 30 passes air sucked from the outside through an air filter or the like through the primary control chamber 24, the rectifying grid 25, the secondary control chamber 26, and the ventilated porous plate 27. At that time, adjustment is performed so that the air volume from the blower 23 is evenly sent to the sorting deck 22. The sorting deck 22 is set in a direction in which the heavy specific gravity climbs due to vibration, and the supplied thermoplastic resin recycled material 21 repeats floating by the air blown up, and the low specific gravity is in a direction with a lower inclination. Heavy specific gravity that moves and does not float by air climbs the sorting deck 22 by vibration force.

このような振動を利用した振動比重差選別装置を利用することにより、例えば近赤外自動選別装置での選別が難しいPPとPVCを容易に選別することが可能となる。   By using such a vibration specific gravity difference sorting device using vibration, it becomes possible to easily sort PP and PVC, which are difficult to sort by a near infrared automatic sorting device, for example.

このように、不純物として含まれていたPVCを、乾式比重差選別装置を用いて取除いたポリプロピレン樹脂材料を用いて、混練機のシリンダ、ダイス温度を180〜240℃に設定して加熱混練押出しを行った。この押出し時に、メッシュサイズ40〜100程度のスクリーンを通過させることで、メッシュより大きい金属成分やシリコン成分、ゴム成
分等の不溶異物を除去することができる。
Thus, using the polypropylene resin material from which PVC contained as an impurity was removed using a dry specific gravity difference sorter, the kneader cylinder and die temperature were set to 180 to 240 ° C. and heat kneading extrusion. Went. By passing through a screen having a mesh size of about 40 to 100 at the time of the extrusion, insoluble foreign matters such as a metal component, a silicon component, and a rubber component larger than the mesh can be removed.

また、再生材を利用した成形品の耐久性や機械物性を更に向上させるために、樹脂材再生化工程中の任意の工程において、酸化防止剤や熱安定性、光安定剤、帯電防止剤、滑剤、フィラー、抗菌剤、および着色剤などの添加剤を添加することもできる。   In addition, in order to further improve the durability and mechanical properties of molded products using recycled materials, in any step during the resin material recycling process, antioxidants, thermal stability, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, Additives such as lubricants, fillers, antibacterial agents, and colorants can also be added.

なお、押出機は、一軸押出機でも二軸押出機でも多軸押出機でもよいが、スクリュー形状や回転数、押出径や長さ等にもよるが、混練条件を向上させるために二軸以上の多軸押出機を用いることが好ましい。   The extruder may be a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder or a multi-screw extruder, but depending on the screw shape, rotation speed, extrusion diameter, length, etc. It is preferable to use a multi-screw extruder.

また、本実施の形態1は、冷蔵庫のリサイクル工程を説明したが、冷蔵庫の合成樹脂廃材に限定されることなく、エアコンや洗濯乾燥機などの他の製品から回収した合成樹脂廃材や複数種類の製品から回収した合成樹脂廃材であってもよい。   Moreover, although this Embodiment 1 demonstrated the recycle process of a refrigerator, it is not limited to the synthetic resin waste material of a refrigerator, Synthetic resin waste material and multiple types of recovered from other products, such as an air-conditioner and a washing dryer. It may be synthetic resin waste recovered from the product.

得られた熱可塑性樹脂再生材は、射出成型を行うことにより、冷蔵庫やエアコンなどの家電製品や一般の樹脂成型品として再利用される。   The obtained thermoplastic resin recycled material is reused as home appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners and general resin molded products by injection molding.

(実施例1)
廃家電として回収された冷蔵庫の熱可塑性樹脂廃材から近赤外線選別システム及び乾式比重差選別装置を用いて選別回収したポリプロピレン樹脂からなる熱可塑性樹脂再生材を用いた。押出機により200℃で加熱しながら混練し、メッシュサイズを60で押出してペレットを作製し、射出成形の条件を成形温度200℃、金型温度30℃として、プレート(100mm角、3mm厚さ)を成形して変色評価用サンプルとした。
Example 1
A thermoplastic resin recycled material made of polypropylene resin was collected and collected from the thermoplastic resin waste material of the refrigerator collected as a waste home appliance using a near infrared sorting system and a dry specific gravity difference sorting device. Kneading while heating at 200 ° C by an extruder, extruding the mesh size at 60 to produce pellets, injection molding conditions of molding temperature 200 ° C and mold temperature 30 ° C, plate (100mm square, 3mm thickness) Was formed into a sample for color change evaluation.

(比較例1)
廃家電として回収された冷蔵庫の熱可塑性樹脂廃材から近赤外線選別システムのみを用いて選別回収したポリプロピレン樹脂からなる熱可塑性樹脂再生材を用いた。押出機により200℃で加熱しながら混練し、メッシュサイズを60で押出してペレットを作製し、射出成形の条件を成形温度200℃、金型温度30℃として、プレート(100mm角、3mm厚さ)を成形して変色評価用サンプルとした。
(Comparative Example 1)
A thermoplastic resin recycled material made of polypropylene resin that was collected and collected using only a near-infrared sorting system from the thermoplastic resin waste material collected as waste home appliances was used. Kneading while heating at 200 ° C by an extruder, extruding the mesh size at 60 to produce pellets, injection molding conditions of molding temperature 200 ° C and mold temperature 30 ° C, plate (100mm square, 3mm thickness) Was formed into a sample for color change evaluation.

実施例1及び比較例1で作成したプレート成形品中の塩素含有率は、蛍光X線測定装置によって測定を行った。経時的な変色評価は、まず成形後の評価用プレートを色彩色差計にて測定した表色値を初期の基準色として、そのプレートを100℃恒温槽に200時間入れ、取り出した後の表色値を測定し、初期基準色との色差ΔEを求めた。その結果を表1に示す。   The chlorine content in the plate molded products prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was measured with a fluorescent X-ray measurement apparatus. The color change evaluation over time is performed by first using the color value measured with a color difference meter on the molded evaluation plate as an initial reference color, and placing the plate in a 100 ° C. constant temperature bath for 200 hours and taking it out. The value was measured to determine the color difference ΔE from the initial reference color. The results are shown in Table 1.

Figure 2014205258
Figure 2014205258

表1の結果からわかるように、比較例1の塩素濃度が1500ppm程度のものは、Δ
Eが大きく、変色度合いが著しいことがわかる。それに比べて実施例1は塩素濃度及びΔEが小さく、変色しないことがわかった。
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the chlorine concentration of Comparative Example 1 is about 1500 ppm.
It can be seen that E is large and the degree of discoloration is remarkable. In contrast, Example 1 showed that the chlorine concentration and ΔE were small and no discoloration occurred.

以上のように、本発明にかかる熱可塑性樹脂再生材によれば、再生材を用いた成形品の外観品位を向上させることができ、廃家電や一般廃棄物を別の成型品に再資源化できる手法として、材料の資源循環に適用できる。   As described above, according to the thermoplastic resin recycled material according to the present invention, the appearance quality of a molded product using the recycled material can be improved, and waste home appliances and general waste can be recycled into another molded product. As a possible technique, it can be applied to resource recycling of materials.

1 搬送装置
2 熱可塑性樹脂材料
3 その他の樹脂材料
4 近赤外線識別装置
5 吐出口
6 分別板
8 管体
10 電磁弁
11 熱可塑性樹脂廃材
14 制御手段
15 空圧源
20 近赤外線識別システム
21 熱可塑性樹脂再生材
22 選別デッキ
23 送風機
24 一次コントロール室
25 整流格子
26 二次コントロール室
27 通風多孔板
30 乾式比重差選別装置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Conveying device 2 Thermoplastic resin material 3 Other resin materials 4 Near infrared identification device 5 Discharge port 6 Sorting plate 8 Tubing body 10 Electromagnetic valve 11 Waste thermoplastic resin 14 Control means 15 Air pressure source 20 Near infrared identification system 21 Thermoplastic Resin recycled material 22 Sorting deck 23 Blower 24 Primary control chamber 25 Rectification grid 26 Secondary control chamber 27 Ventilation perforated plate 30 Dry specific gravity difference sorting device

Claims (5)

複数種の熱可塑性樹脂が混在する熱可塑性樹脂廃材から乾式選別手段を用いて分別回収する熱可塑性樹脂再生材において、前記乾式選別手段は、近赤外分光法による選別手段と、乾式比重差法による選別手段を有する熱可塑性樹脂再生材。 In the thermoplastic resin recycled material that is separated and recovered from the thermoplastic resin waste material in which a plurality of types of thermoplastic resins are mixed, using the dry sorting means, the dry sorting means includes a sorting means by near infrared spectroscopy, and a dry specific gravity difference method. Recycled thermoplastic resin material having sorting means. 前記複数種の熱可塑性樹脂が混在する熱可塑性樹脂廃材が家庭用冷蔵庫・冷凍庫、家庭用空調機、洗濯機から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱可塑性樹脂再生材。 The thermoplastic resin recycled material according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin waste material in which the plurality of types of thermoplastic resins are mixed is selected from a household refrigerator / freezer, a domestic air conditioner, and a washing machine. 前記複数種の熱可塑性樹脂が混在する熱可塑性樹脂廃材が、ポリオレフィン、ポリスチレン、スチレン−ブタジエン系ポリマー、アクリロニトリル−スチレン系ポリマー、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン系ポリマー、ハイインパクトポリスチレンからなる群より選ばれる熱可塑性樹脂を2種以上含むことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂再生材。 The thermoplastic resin waste material in which the plurality of types of thermoplastic resins are mixed is heat selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polystyrene, styrene-butadiene polymer, acrylonitrile-styrene polymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer, and high impact polystyrene. The thermoplastic resin recycled material according to any one of claims 1 and 2, comprising two or more kinds of plastic resins. 前記乾式比重差法による選別手段が、振動比重による選別手段からなることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂再生材。 The thermoplastic resin recycled material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sorting means based on the dry specific gravity difference method comprises a sorting means based on vibration specific gravity. 廃棄回収された家庭用冷蔵庫・冷凍庫から分別回収された熱可塑性樹脂廃材を用いて、近赤外分光法選別手段及び、乾式比重差法選別手段によりポリオレフィン系樹脂材料を分別回収することを特徴とする熱可塑性樹脂再生材。 Characterized by separating and recovering polyolefin resin materials using near-infrared spectroscopic sorting means and dry specific gravity difference sorting means using waste plastic waste materials collected and collected from household refrigerators / freezers. Recycled thermoplastic resin.
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