JP2014181839A - Dryer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dryer which can efficiently dry a large amount of hydrated compounds.SOLUTION: A dryer comprises: a drying chamber 10 in which hydrated compounds 6 are stored; hydrated compound supply means 13, 36 which supply the hydrated compounds from one end of the drying chamber; discharge means 16 which discharges the dried hydrated compounds from the other end of the drying chamber; exhaust means 14 which exhausts steam 23 generated from the hydrated compounds by heating; heating means 31 arranged in the drying chamber; a plurality of dividing walls 37, 38 and 39 which divide the drying chamber into a plurality of drying sub-chambers 43, 44, 45 and 46, and make the adjacent drying sub-chambers communicate with each other at an upper part or a lower part; and flowing medium supply means 21, 25 which inject flowing mediums by using a bottom plate 18 of the drying chamber, and liquefies the hydrated compounds. The dividing walls are arranged so that the hydrated compounds flow while inverting between the drying sub-chambers.

Description

  The present invention relates to a drying apparatus that dries low-grade coal such as hydrated matter, biomass with high moisture content or lignite containing a large amount of moisture.

  In recent years, it has been required to use a high moisture content biomass or a water content such as a low grade coal such as a high moisture content lignite as a fuel for a boiler.

  However, when the hydrated material is used as the fuel for the boiler, there is a problem in that the amount of moisture brought into the furnace is large, so that the temperature in the furnace is lowered by the steam evaporated from the hydrated material, and the efficiency of the boiler is lowered.

  For this reason, when using a hydrated product as a fuel for a boiler, it is necessary to provide a drying device for the hydrated product, dry the hydrated product in advance with the drying device to remove moisture, and then supply it to the furnace.

  In Patent Document 1, a drying container is divided into an upper drying chamber and a lower chamber chamber by a gas dispersion plate, and the drying chamber is divided into five drying compartments by four dividing plates. The fluidized steam introduced from the fluidized gas supply unit provided in the flow into the dry compartment through the gas dispersion plate, a fluidized bed of lignite is formed in the dry compartment, the fluidized bed Fluidized bed drying apparatus, fluidized bed drying equipment, and wet raw material drying method that are sequentially dried by being heated by a heat transfer member provided for each drying compartment in the process of moving over the dividing plate to the adjacent drying compartment Is disclosed.

JP 2012-215316 A

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a drying apparatus capable of efficiently drying a large amount of water-containing material.

  The present invention discharges the hydrated material dried from the drying chamber in which the hydrated material is stored, the hydrated material supply means for supplying the hydrated material from one end of the drying chamber, and the other end of the drying chamber. Discharging means, exhaust means for exhausting steam generated from the water-containing material by heating, heating means provided in the drying chamber, the drying chamber is divided into a plurality of drying compartments, and the adjacent drying compartments are Or a plurality of dividing walls communicating with each other at the bottom, and fluidized medium supply means for liquefying the hydrated material by ejecting a fluidized medium from the bottom plate of the drying chamber, and the hydrated material inverts between the drying compartments. However, the present invention relates to a drying apparatus in which the dividing wall is arranged so as to flow.

  According to the present invention, the drying chamber has at least a first dividing wall and a second dividing wall, and a gap is formed between the first dividing wall adjacent to the hydrated material supplying means and a bottom surface of the drying chamber. The second divided wall adjacent to the first divided wall is in contact with the bottom plate of the drying chamber, and the upper end is provided so as to be submerged from the surface of the fluidized bed. The present invention relates to a drying apparatus that turns downward after diving downward, and further reverses and flows downward after getting over the second dividing wall.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a drying chamber for storing a hydrated product, a hydrated product supplying means for supplying the hydrated product from one end of the drying chamber, and the hydrated product dried from the other end of the drying chamber. Discharging means for discharging, exhausting means for exhausting steam generated from the water-containing material by heating, heating means provided in the drying chamber, and the drying chamber divided into a plurality of drying compartments, and adjacent drying compartments A plurality of dividing walls that communicate with each other at the upper part or the lower part, and a fluidized medium supply means for ejecting a fluidized medium from the bottom plate of the drying chamber and liquefying the hydrated material, wherein the hydrated material is between the drying compartments. Since the dividing wall is arranged so as to flow while reversing, the distance that the hydrated material flows, that is, the heating time by the heating means can be lengthened, and a large amount of the hydrated material can be efficiently dried. Can be excellent It exerts a result.

It is the schematic which shows the boiler apparatus with which the drying apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention is applied. It is the schematic which shows the hydrated matter drying system with which the drying apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention is applied. It is the schematic which shows the drying apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  First, referring to FIG. 1, a boiler device 1 to which a hydrated matter drying system according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described.

  In FIG. 1, 2 indicates a furnace of the boiler device 1, and 3 indicates a burner 3 provided on the furnace wall of the furnace 2. A heat transfer tube (not shown) for absorbing radiant heat from the inside of the furnace 2 is provided on the furnace wall of the furnace 2, and a super heater (superheated steam generation for overheating the generated steam is provided above the furnace 2. 4) is provided.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 5 denotes a hydrated material drying system for drying hydrated materials such as biomass and low-grade coal, such as lignite, and when lignite 6 containing moisture is supplied to the hydrated material drying system 5. The hydrated coal drying system 5 dries the lignite 6 and supplies it as the dried lignite 7 to the burner 3.

  By supplying the dry lignite 7 to the burner 3, the dry lignite 7 is burned in the burner 3, and a flame is formed in the furnace 2. The flue gas 8 generated by the combustion is exhausted through the flue 9 while heating the inside of the furnace 2 and exchanging heat with the super heater 4.

  Next, referring to FIG. 2, the hydrated material drying system 5 will be described.

  In FIG. 2, 11 indicates a pulverizer such as a hammer mill for pulverizing the lignite 6 to a predetermined particle size, for example, 2 mm or less, and 12 a drying chamber 10 for drying the pulverized lignite 6 formed therein. 1 shows a drying device.

  A lignite supply line 13 is connected to the upper part of the side wall of the drying chamber 10, the pulverizer 11 is provided in the middle of the lignite supply line 13, and the pulverizer 11 will be described later via the lignite supply line 13. A brown coal hopper 36 is connected. The lignite hopper 36, the pulverizer 11, and the lignite supply line 13 constitute a hydrated material supply means.

  A dust collector 15 is connected to the top plate of the drying chamber 10 via an exhaust line 14 that is an exhaust means, and a brown coal discharge line 16 that is an exhaust means is connected to the lower part of the other side wall of the drying chamber 10. The lignite discharge line 16 is connected to the burner 3. The lignite discharge line 16 is provided with a heat exchanger 17 for cooling the dry lignite 7.

  The bottom plate 18 of the drying chamber 10 is provided with a number of fluid medium supply pipes 21 for introducing a fluid medium such as bubbling steam 19 through holes (not shown). By supplying the bubbling steam 19 to the lignite 6, the lignite powder is floated by the steam and becomes a pseudo-liquid body, and the fluidized bed 22 is formed in the drying chamber 10 by the pseudo-liquid body.

  The dust collector 15 has a function of collecting and separating the powder of the lignite 6 from the steam 23 evaporated from the lignite 6. A powder discharge line 24 is connected to the dust collector 15, and the powder discharge line 24 merges with the lignite discharge line 16. The collected powder is sent to the lignite discharge line 16 via the powder discharge line 24 and further sent to the heat exchanger 17 via the lignite discharge line 16.

  A steam circulation line 25 is connected to the dust collector 15, the steam circulation line 25 is connected to the fluid medium supply pipe 21, and a blower 26 is provided in the middle of the steam circulation line 25. A part of the steam 23 from which the powder of the lignite 6 has been removed by the dust collector 15 is fed to the fluid medium supply pipe 21 as the bubbling steam 19 by the blower 26. The fluid medium supply pipe 21, the steam circulation line 25, and the blower 26 constitute fluid medium supply means.

  The steam circulation line 25 is branched to a superheated steam introduction line 27 between the dust collector 15 and the blower 26. The superheated steam introduction line 27 is provided with a boosting means, for example, a steam-driven compressor 28, and a part of the steam is extracted from a turbine of a boiler (not shown) and introduced as drive steam through a drive steam introduction line 29. It has become like that. The compressor 28 is driven using the driving steam as a power source, and the steam 23 sucked from the steam circulation line 25 is heated to a higher pressure.

  The downstream end of the superheated steam introduction line 27 is connected to one end of a heat transfer tube 31 (only one is shown in FIG. 2) which is a heating means provided in the fluidized bed 22. In the heat transfer pipe 31, superheated steam that has been heated up by the compressor 28 and has become high-temperature and high-pressure flows.

  A drain pipe 32 is connected to the other end of the heat transfer pipe 31. Superheated steam circulates in the heat transfer pipe 31, condenses by heat exchange with the lignite 6 in the fluidized bed 22, and releases latent heat of condensation. The condensed condensed water is discharged from the drain pipe 32. The drain pipe 32 is connected to a condenser such as a condenser (not shown), and the condensed water is returned to the boiler.

  The steam circulation line 25 and the superheated steam introduction line 27 are connected to a starter steam introduction line 33 that is bifurcated. The startup steam introduction line 33 can extract a part of the steam from the turbine of another operating boiler, supplies a part of the extracted steam to the steam circulation line 25 as the bubbling steam 19 and extracts the steam. The remaining steam is supplied to the superheated steam introduction line 27 as superheated steam.

  Valves 34 and 35 are provided on the bubbling steam side startup steam introduction line 33a connected to the steam circulation line 25 and the superheated steam side startup steam introduction line 33b connected to the superheated steam introduction line 27, respectively. Thus, supply and stop of steam to the steam circulation line 25 and the superheated steam introduction line 27 can be controlled individually.

  Next, the details of the drying device 12 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, the heat transfer tube 31 is provided only on the upper part of the fluidized bed 22, but the heat transfer tube 31 is also provided on the middle and lower parts of the fluidized bed 22.

  3, reference numeral 36 denotes a lignite hopper for storing the lignite 6 pulverized by the pulverizer 11 (see FIG. 2), and the lignite is supplied from the lignite hopper 36 to the drying chamber 10 through the lignite supply line 13. 6 is supplied. In addition, the opening position with respect to the said drying chamber 10 of the said lignite supply line 13 is located above the opening position with respect to the said drying chamber 10 of the said lignite discharge line 16. The height difference between the opening position of the lignite supply line 13 and the opening position of the lignite discharge line 16 is appropriately determined depending on the fluidity of the lignite 6 liquefied by bubbling and the drying processing capability of the drying device 12. .

  In the drying chamber 10, a plurality of dividing walls provided to divide the drying chamber 10 into a plurality of drying compartments, for example, a first dividing wall 37, a second dividing wall 38, and a third dividing wall 39. The three dividing walls are provided.

  An upper end of the first dividing wall 37 protrudes above the surface of the fluidized bed 22, and a gap 41 having a predetermined interval is formed between the lower end and the bottom plate 18 of the drying chamber 10. The second dividing wall 38 is provided so as to protrude upward from the bottom plate 18 of the drying chamber 10, and the upper end is located below the surface of the fluidized bed 22 by a predetermined distance. Further, the upper end of the third dividing wall 39 projects upward from the surface of the fluidized bed 22, and a gap 42 having a predetermined interval is formed between the lower end and the bottom plate 18 of the drying chamber 10. The gap 41 and the gap 42 are appropriately selected according to the fluidity of the fluidized bed 22.

  A first drying compartment 43 is formed between the first dividing wall 37 and the side wall of the drying device 12 on the lignite supply line 13 side, and between the first dividing wall 37 and the second dividing wall 38. A second drying compartment 44 is formed, a third drying compartment 45 is formed between the second dividing wall 38 and the third dividing wall 39, and the lignite discharge of the third dividing wall 39 and the drying device 12 is performed. A fourth drying compartment 46 is formed between the side wall on the line 16 side.

  The lignite 6 supplied from the lignite supply line 13 is liquefied and meanders up and down in the first dry compartment 43 to the fourth dry compartment 46 until it is discharged from the lignite discharge line 16. Fluid and dry. In addition, by meandering the first drying compartment 43 to the fourth drying compartment 46, the flow path length becomes longer, the contact time between the lignite 6 and the heat transfer tube 31 becomes longer, and drying is promoted.

  Next, the drying of the lignite 6 by the hydrated matter drying system 5 according to the present embodiment will be further described.

  First, the unpulverized lignite 6 is put into the pulverizer 11 and pulverized by the pulverizer 11 so that the particle diameter becomes 2 mm or less. After the lignite 6 crushed by the pulverizer 11 is stored by the lignite hopper 36, the lignite 6 is charged into the drying device 12 through the lignite supply line 13.

  The lignite 6 supplied to the drying device 12 is deposited in the first drying compartment 43 and liquefied by supplying the bubbling steam 19 to the deposited lignite 6 via the fluid medium supply pipe 21. Thus, the fluidized bed 22 of the lignite 6 having fluidity is formed. When starting up the hydrated matter drying system 5, steam is extracted from the turbine of another boiler (not shown) through the startup steam introduction line 33. Is opened, a part of the steam flowing through the starting steam introduction line 33 is supplied to the fluid medium supply pipe 21 as the bubbling steam 19 through the bubbling steam side starting steam introduction line 33a.

  In parallel with the above processing, by opening the valve 35, the remainder of the steam flowing through the startup steam introduction line 33 is transferred to the superheated steam introduction line 27 via the superheated steam side startup steam introduction line 33b. The superheated steam is introduced into the superheated steam and is heated and raised by the compressor 28, and the superheated steam flows through the heat transfer pipe 31.

  The fluidized bed 22 flows downward in the first drying compartment 43, passes through the gap 41, and flows into the second drying compartment 44. At this time, since the introduced lignite 6 contains a large amount of water, the lignite 6 flows down by its own weight, flows down without staying in the first drying compartment 43, and the lower lignite 6 It is extruded into the second drying compartment 44 through the gap 41 by pressure from above. The lignite 6 is in contact with the heat transfer pipe 31 in the process of flowing from the first drying compartment 43 to the second drying compartment 44 and is heated by heat exchange with superheated steam flowing through the heat transfer pipe 31 to be dried. Is done.

  Further, since the gap 41 is set according to the fluidity of the fluidized bed 22, the lignite 6 does not move over the first dividing wall 37 and move to the second drying compartment 44. It has become. Further, the supply amount of the lignite 6 from the lignite hopper 36 is adjusted so as not to move over the first dividing wall 37 and move to the second drying compartment 44.

  The lignite 6 that has flowed into the second drying compartment 44 is reversed in the second drying compartment 44 and flows upward from below, and passes over the second dividing wall 38 to the third drying compartment 45. And flow. At this time, the lignite 6 is dried by heat exchange in the first drying compartment 43 and the fluidity of the fluidized bed 22 is increased, and the lignite 6 flows backward by the pressure from the first drying compartment 43 side. It smoothly flows to the third drying compartment 45 without doing so. Also, in the second drying compartment 44, the lignite 6 is heated and dried by the superheated steam flowing through the heat transfer pipe 31 in the process of flowing into the third drying compartment 45.

  The lignite 6 that has flowed into the third drying compartment 45 is further heated by the superheated steam that circulates in the heat transfer pipe 31, and flows in the reverse direction in the third drying compartment 45 while being dried, It flows through the gap 42 and flows into the fourth drying compartment 46.

  The lignite 6 that has flowed into the fourth drying compartment 46 is finally heated by the superheated steam flowing through the heat transfer pipe 31 and flows in an upward direction in the fourth drying compartment 46 while being dried. Then, it is discharged from the lignite discharge line 16 as the dry lignite 7 in powder form.

  The lignite 6 flows while inverting the first drying compartment 43 to the fourth drying compartment 46, and the steam 23 generated in the process of drying is outside the drying chamber 10 through the exhaust line 14. And is sent to the dust collector 15.

  The dust collector 15 separates and collects the powder of the lignite 6 from the steam 23, feeds the powder of the lignite 6 to the lignite discharge line 16 through the powder discharge line 24, and The steam 23 from which the brown coal 6 powder has been removed is introduced into the steam circulation line 25.

  A part of the steam 23 flowing through the steam circulation line 25 is sent to the fluid medium supply pipe 21 as the bubbling steam 19 by the blower 26. When the steam 23 is supplied to the fluid medium supply pipe 21 as the bubbling steam 19, the valve 34 is closed and the supply of the steam introduced from the starting steam introduction line 33 is stopped. The

  The remainder of the steam 23 flowing through the steam circulation line 25 is sucked into the superheated steam introduction line 27 and boosted by the compressor 28 driven by the drive steam from the drive steam introduction line 29. It is heated and introduced into the heat transfer tube 31 as superheated steam. When the steam 23 is introduced into the heat transfer pipe 31 as superheated steam by the compressor 28, the valve 35 is closed and the supply of steam introduced from the starting steam introduction line 33 is stopped. Is done.

  The superheated steam undergoes heat exchange with the lignite 6 in the fluidized bed 22 in the course of flowing through the heat transfer pipe 31, recovers the latent heat of condensation, changes into a condensed water, and passes through the drain pipe 32. To a condenser such as a condenser (not shown).

  The dried lignite 7 discharged from the drying chamber 10 and the powder of the lignite 6 separated and collected by the dust collector 15 are recovered by the heat exchanger 17 and cooled. The dried lignite 7 is burned by the burner 3.

  The combustion exhaust gas 8 generated by the dry lignite 7 is exhausted through the flue 9 and drives a gas turbine (not shown). A part of the steam generated when heat is recovered from the combustion exhaust gas 8 is introduced into the compressor 28 via the drive steam introduction line 29 to drive the compressor 28.

  As described above, in the drying apparatus 12 according to the present embodiment, the drying chamber 10 is formed by the three divided walls of the first divided wall 37, the second divided wall 38, and the third divided wall 39. It is divided into four drying compartments: a first drying compartment 43, the second drying compartment 44, the third drying compartment 45, and the fourth drying compartment 46, and the lignite 6 is inverted between the drying compartments 43 to 46 up and down. However, the dividing walls 37 to 39 are arranged so as to flow.

  Therefore, the distance over which the lignite 6 flows, that is, the time during which it is heated by the heat transfer tube 31, can be lengthened, and a large amount of the lignite 6 can be efficiently dried.

  Further, the gap 41 is formed between the lower end of the first dividing wall 37 and the bottom surface of the drying chamber 10, and the lignite 6 flows through the first dividing wall 37 to the second drying compartment 44. Therefore, the lignite 6 having a high moisture content and a high specific gravity can be reliably flowed to the second dry compartment 44 without remaining in the first dry compartment 43, and the lignite 6 Drying efficiency can be improved.

  Further, since the second dividing wall 38 is provided so as to protrude upward from the bottom plate 18 of the drying chamber 10, no gap is formed between the second dividing wall 38 and the bottom plate 18. The drying efficiency of the lignite 6 can be improved.

  In the drying apparatus 12 of the present embodiment, the four drying compartments 43 to 46 are formed by the three dividing walls 37 to 39, but are formed by the number of dividing walls and the dividing walls. The number of the dividing chambers is appropriately selected depending on the dry state of the lignite 6, and for example, three drying compartments may be formed by two dividing walls, or five or more by four or more dividing walls. A dry compartment may be formed.

  Further, in this embodiment, the case where the lignite 6 is dried by the drying device 12 is described, but the drying device 12 of the present embodiment is also used when other hydrated materials such as biomass are dried. Needless to say, is applicable.

5 Water content drying system 6 Brown coal (water content)
7 Dry lignite 10 Drying chamber 12 Dryer 13 Brown coal supply line 14 Exhaust line (exhaust means)
15 Dust collector 16 Brown coal discharge line (discharge means)
Reference Signs List 18 Bottom plate 19 Bubbling steam 21 Fluid medium supply pipe 22 Fluidized bed 23 Steam 25 Steam circulation line 26 Blower 27 Superheated steam introduction line 28 Compressor 29 Drive steam introduction line 31 Heat transfer pipe (heating means)
32 Drain pipe 33 Startup steam introduction line 37 First dividing wall 38 Second dividing wall 39 Third dividing wall 41 Gap 42 Gap 43 First drying compartment 44 Second drying compartment 45 Third drying compartment 46 Fourth drying compartment

Claims (2)

  A drying chamber in which the hydrated material is stored; a hydrated material supplying means for supplying the hydrated material from one end of the drying chamber; and a discharging means for discharging the hydrated material dried from the other end of the drying chamber; An exhaust means for exhausting steam generated from the water-containing material by heating, a heating means provided in the drying chamber, and the drying chamber is divided into a plurality of drying compartments, and the adjacent drying compartments communicate with each other at the upper part or the lower part. A plurality of dividing walls and a fluid medium supply means for ejecting a fluid medium from a bottom plate of the drying chamber and liquefying the hydrated material, and the hydrated material flows while inverting between the drying compartments. A drying apparatus in which the dividing wall is arranged.   The drying chamber has at least a first dividing wall and a second dividing wall, and the first dividing wall adjacent to the hydrated material supplying means is provided such that a gap is formed between a bottom surface of the drying chamber, The second dividing wall adjacent to the first dividing wall is in contact with the bottom plate of the drying chamber and is provided so that the upper end is submerged from the surface of the fluidized bed, and the hydrated material is submerged below the first dividing wall. 2. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drying apparatus is reversed upward and further flows over the second dividing wall and then reverses and flows downward.

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