CN102353237A - High-moisture-content lignite predrying method and system integrated with thermal power plant - Google Patents
High-moisture-content lignite predrying method and system integrated with thermal power plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-moisture-content lignite predrying method and system integrated with a thermal power plant. In the method, lignite is dried by using hot air as a fluidizing agent and a drying medium in a fluidized bed dryer; and a heater is built in the fluidized bed dryer to supply partial heat for drying. The lignite predrying system integrated with the thermal power plant comprises the fluidized bed dryer, the heater built in the dryer, a deduster, a gas-gas heat exchanger, a gas-water heat exchanger, an air heater and a fan. According to the system, waste heat in the system and low-grade heat energy in the power plant are fully utilized to dry the lignite. By applying the method and the system disclosed by the invention, the moisture content of the lignite fed into a furnace can be reduced, the heat loss of a boiler due to exhaust gas can be reduced, and the efficiency of the lignite boiler is increased; the low-grade heat energy and waste heat resources in the thermal power plant are fully utilized, so that the consumption of high-grade energy sources in a drying process is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of a lignite power plant is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal-fired thermal power generation system field, relate to the pre-dried method and system of a kind of high-moisture brown coal.
Background technology
At present; In most of brown coal power station; Moisture up to 30%～50% brown coal without predrying; But in coal pulverizer, directly contact to reach dry purpose with the high-temperature flue gas that burner hearth extracts, dry used flue gas and the dry steam that produces are sent into burner hearth with coal dust, cause fire box temperature to reduce; The combustion stability variation; Exhaust gas volumn increases, the corresponding increase of furnace cross-sectional area and volume, and the manufacturing of boiler and mounting cost raise.Simultaneously, heat loss due to exhaust gas increases, and boiler thermal output reduces, and then makes the generating efficiency of power plant reduce.
In the brown coal power station, use pre-dried brown coal and can improve generating efficiency.But the predrying process need of high-moisture brown coal consumes great amount of heat energy, and it is that dry run provides energy that the predrying system of independent brown coal often needs the combustion parts brown coal, considers this part brown coal consumption, and brown coal power generation entire efficient is still lower.The predrying system integration of brown coal in electricity generation system, is utilized the low grade heat energy in the system, brown coal are carried out predrying, and reclaim the waste heat in the dried tail gas, can improve the whole efficiency of brown coal generating.According to the data-searching that the applicant carried out, Xiang Guan research data is following therewith:
Great River Energy (GRE) company of the U.S. has proposed a kind of heat that utilizes exhaust steam in steam turbine in condenser, to discharge the high-moisture brown coal has been carried out pre-dried system.This system works flow process is following: the hot water of condensator outlet (49 ℃) separated into two parts, and a part flows into air heater, air is heated, with the fluidizing agent of hot-air (43 ℃) as fluidized bed dryer; Another part gets in the internal heater of fluidized bed dryer, for dry run provides the part heat.It is predrying that this system utilizes the waste heat in the power station that brown coal are carried out fully, but because the temperature of hot-air and hot water is all lower, so the degree of brown coal drying is limited, can only remove the few part moisture of one in the brown coal.
Germany RWE Power company has proposed the WTA technology.In this system schema, brown coal carry out drying in the superheated steam fluidisation bed dryer of band internal heater, and the thermal source of internal heater comes from extracted steam from turbine, and condensate is got back in the circulation of steam turbine carbonated drink.The dry steam that is produced, a part is recycling as the fluidization steam vapor of fluidized bed dryer; A part gets into condensing heat exchanger, the heating boiler feedwater; The remainder emptying.In this system, on the one hand, need a large amount of extracted steam from turbines, the steam turbine acting is reduced; On the other hand, the steam latent heat of vaporization can't be recycled fully in the dried tail gas, and the redundance emptying causes the waste of energy.
Another system schema of WTA technology: dried tail gas is divided into two-way, and the circulating fan of wherein leading up to is recycling as fluidization steam vapor; Another road behind the raising pressure, gets into fluid bed internal heater condensation heat then through vapour compression machine, and heat required in the dry run is provided.This scheme need not to use extracted steam from turbine, does not influence the steam turbine acting.But vapor compression process needs the considerable high-grade mechanical power of quantity consumed, makes the raising of efficiency of plant have a greatly reduced quality on the one hand; On the other hand, the steam recompression is at equipment enlarging, and aspects such as functional reliability remain at a lot of technical barriers, thereby makes applying of this technology be very limited.
Summary of the invention
To the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of predrying method and system of high-moisture brown coal that is integrated in the thermal power plant.The low grade heat energy that this method and system makes full use of in the electric power station system carries out predrying to brown coal; And reclaim the waste heat in the dried tail gas to greatest extent; To reach the energy consumption that reduces in the predrying process of brown coal, improve the purpose of the whole efficiency of brown coal generating.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention adopted is:
A kind of predrying system of high-moisture brown coal that is integrated in the thermal power plant comprises conventional thermal power generation system and the integrated predrying system of brown coal in conventional thermal power generation system; Said conventional thermal power generation system is made up of boiler, steam turbine, condenser, condensate pump, low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, feed pump and high-pressure heater; The predrying system of said brown coal is made up of fluidized bed dryer, fluidized bed dryer internal heater, deduster, gas-to-gas heat exchanger, air-water heat exchanger, air heater and blower fan;
The steam (vapor) outlet of said boiler is connected to the steam inlet of steam turbine; The exhaust steam of steam turbine outlet is connected to condenser; The condensed water of condenser outlet is successively through getting back to the feed-water intake of boiler after condensate pump, low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, feed pump, the high-pressure heater; The extraction opening of different parameters on the steam turbine; Be connected to the heating steam inlet of low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device and high-pressure heater respectively, more than constituted conventional thermal power generation steam-water circulation system; The air outlet slit of gas-to-gas heat exchanger is connected with the air intake of air-water heat exchanger, and air-water heat exchanger air outlet slit process blower fan is connected to the air intake of air heater, and the air outlet slit of air heater is connected with the fluidizing agent of fluidized bed dryer inlet; The tail gas outlet of fluidized bed dryer is connected to deduster, and the gas vent of deduster is connected to gas-gas heat exchanger heat medium inlet; The inlet of fluid bed internal heater is connected with the turbine low pressure cylinder extraction opening; The outlet of fluid bed internal heater is connected with the heat medium inlet of air-water heat exchanger, and the condensate of air-water heat exchanger heat medium outlet is returned the power station steam-water circulation system in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
Said air heater heat medium inlet is connected to the turbine low pressure cylinder extraction opening, and the heat medium outlet of air heater is connected to system coagulation hydroenergy backwater position; The turbine low pressure cylinder condensation heat in air heater that draws gas is used to add hot-air, and the condensate of generation is returned in the steam-water circulation system of power station in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
The heat medium inlet of said air heater is connected with boiler exhaust gas, and the heat medium outlet smoke evacuation of air heater links to each other with follow-up flue gas processing device; Utilize boiler exhaust gas in air heater, to add hot-air, the smoke evacuation after the release heat gets into follow-up flue gas processing device again.
Said fluidized bed dryer is single-layer fluidized bed drier, multi-stage fluidized bed dryer, horizontal multicompartment fluidized bed dryer, vibrating fluid bed dryer or spouted fluidized bed dryer.
The said drying means that is integrated in the predrying system of high-moisture brown coal in thermal power plant comprises:
The superheated steam that said boiler produces gets into the steam turbine acting, and the steam discharge of steam turbine is condensed into water in condenser, and condensed water flows through condensate pump, low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, feed pump and high-pressure heater successively, returns in the boiler afterwards and absorbs heat; The extracted steam from turbine of different parameters is heaters at different levels and oxygen-eliminating device heating;
Cold air at first gets into gas-to-gas heat exchanger, and the heat of absorption dehydration tail gas carries out preheating; Air after the preheating gets into the air-water heat exchanger, and the heat of the condensed water that generates in the absorption dehydration device internal heater further improves air themperature; Through air heater, reach the required air themperature of brown coal drying at last, send into and carry out predrying to brown coal in the fluidized bed dryer; The tail gas that fluidized bed dryer is discharged gets into deduster, and the coal dust that carries in the tail gas is separated; Tail gas after the purification is through gas-to-gas heat exchanger, and the release portion waste heat carries out cold air being discharged in the environment after the preheating;
Extract the steam in the low pressure (LP) cylinder, condensation heat in the drier internal heater provides the part heat for brown coal are predrying; The condensed water that generates in the drier internal heater gets in the air-water heat exchanger, utilizes after its heat air, returns in the steam-water circulation system of power station in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
The turbine low pressure cylinder condensation heat in air heater that draws gas is used to add hot-air, and the condensate of generation is returned in the steam-water circulation system of power station in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
The heat medium inlet of said air heater is connected with boiler exhaust gas, and the heat medium outlet smoke evacuation of air heater links to each other with follow-up flue gas processing device; Utilize boiler exhaust gas in air heater, to add hot-air, the smoke evacuation after the release heat gets into follow-up flue gas processing device again.
Said hot air temperature scope is 60-120 ℃; The saturation temperature that said turbine low pressure cylinder draws gas is between 80-140 ℃; Described gas-to-gas heat exchanger adopts rotary generative heat exchanger or heat-pipe heat exchanger.
A kind of predrying method and system of high-moisture brown coal that is integrated in the thermal power plant proposed by the invention; With U.S. GreatRiverEnergy(GRE) drying system that company proposed compares; The system that GRE company is used; Dry required heat comes from the cooling water that comes out in the condenser of power station; So operating temperature level very low (being lower than 50 ℃); Can not effectively remove the moisture in the brown coal; Only can remove the part surface moisture of brown coal; And system proposed by the invention; Reasonably used the low grade heat energy in the power plant; Improve the temperature levels of operation, can remove surface moisture and most of inherent moisture of brown coal effectively.Compare with the WTA technology that German RWE Power company proposes, the present invention has used air as drying medium, and air (less than 50 ℃) when temperature is very low just has drying capacity, and along with the rising of temperature, the drying capacity of air further strengthens.And the WTA technology uses superheated steam as drying medium, requires its operating temperature must be higher than the pairing saturation temperature of steam pressure (being about 100 ℃), and only when steam superheat is higher, superheat steam drying just has than higher rate of drying.Therefore compare with the WTA technology, the present invention can be issued to higher rate of drying in relatively low temperature.
Use a kind of predrying method and system of high-moisture brown coal that is integrated in the thermal power plant proposed by the invention, can effectively reduce moisture, reduce heat loss due to exhaust gas, improved the efficient of boiler using brown coal into the stove brown coal; Drying medium uses 60-120 ℃ air, and temperature levels is lower, and unassured fiery fried danger has reduced simultaneously and adds the required heat of hot-air; Use internal heater; Utilize low-pressure steam the part heat to be provided for the predrying process of brown coal; Reduced the amount of required air on the one hand; And then reduced the heat that air is taken away; Improved drying efficiency, on the other hand, reduced the heat in the plant condenser and scattered and disappeared; Can reduce the consumption of cooling water in the cooling tower, practice thrift water resource; Low grade heat energy and the residual heat resources in the thermal power plant have been made full use of; Reduce the consumption of high-grade energy in the dry run, improve the generating efficiency in brown coal power station, reduce coal-fired consumption; And then reduced the discharging of greenhouse gases and pollutant, have significant social economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pre-dried thermal power generation system schemes one of a kind of integrated high-moisture brown coal of the present invention: the system that adds hot-air with extracted steam from turbine connects sketch map.
Fig. 2 is the pre-dried thermal power generation system schemes two of a kind of integrated high-moisture brown coal of the present invention: the system that adds hot-air with boiler exhaust gas connects sketch map.
Among the figure: 1 is that boiler, 2 is that steam turbine, 3 is that condenser, 4 is that condensate pump, 5 is that low-pressure heater, 6 is that oxygen-eliminating device, 7 is that feed pump, 8 is that high-pressure heater, 9 is that fluidized bed dryer, 10 is that drier internal heater, 11 is that deduster, 12 is that gas-to-gas heat exchanger, 13 is that air-water heat exchanger, 14 blower fans, 15 are that air heater, 16 is the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
The specific embodiment
Understand the present invention for clearer, the present invention done further detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Below provided system to two kinds of air heat schemes respectively and connected sketch map, wherein scheme 1 as shown in Figure 1, scheme 2 is as shown in Figure 2.
For two kinds of schemes; Following system connected mode is consistent; Referring to Fig. 1; Fig. 2: the steam (vapor) outlet of boiler is connected to the steam inlet of steam turbine; The exhaust steam of steam turbine outlet is connected to condenser; The condensed water of condenser outlet is successively through getting back to the feed-water intake of boiler after condensate pump, low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, feed pump, the high-pressure heater; The extraction opening of different parameters on the steam turbine; Be connected to the heating steam inlet of low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device and high-pressure heater respectively, more than constituted conventional thermal power generation steam-water circulation system; The air outlet slit of gas-to-gas heat exchanger is connected with the air intake of air-water heat exchanger, and air-water heat exchanger air outlet slit process blower fan is connected to the air intake of air heater, and the air outlet slit of air heater is connected with the fluidizing agent of fluidized bed dryer inlet.The tail gas outlet of fluidized bed dryer is connected to deduster, and the gas vent of deduster is connected to gas-to-gas heat exchanger heat medium inlet.The inlet of fluid bed internal heater is connected with the steam turbine low-pressure extraction opening; The outlet of fluid bed internal heater is connected with the heat medium inlet of air-water heat exchanger, and the condensate of air-water heat exchanger heat medium outlet is returned the power station steam-water circulation system in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
Referring to Fig. 1, in scheme one: air heater heat medium inlet is connected to the turbine low pressure cylinder extraction opening, and the condensate of the heat medium outlet of air heater is returned the power station steam-water circulation system in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
Referring to Fig. 2, in scheme two: the heat medium inlet of air heater is connected with boiler exhaust gas, and the heat medium outlet smoke evacuation of air heater links to each other with follow-up flue gas processing device.
For identical part in scheme one and the scheme two, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, operation principle is following:
The superheated steam that boiler produces gets into the steam turbine acting, and the steam discharge of steam turbine is condensed into water in condenser, and condensed water flows through condensate pump, low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, feed pump and high-pressure heater successively, returns in the boiler afterwards and absorbs heat; The extracted steam from turbine of different parameters is heaters at different levels and oxygen-eliminating device heating.
Cold air at first gets into gas-to-gas heat exchanger, and the heat of absorption dehydration tail gas carries out preheating; Air after the preheating gets into the air-water heat exchanger, and the heat of the condensed water that generates in the absorption dehydration device internal heater further improves air themperature; Through air heater, reach the required air themperature of brown coal drying at last, send into and carry out predrying to brown coal in the fluidized bed dryer.The tail gas that fluidized bed dryer is discharged gets into deduster, and the coal dust that carries in the tail gas is separated; Tail gas after the purification is through gas-to-gas heat exchanger, and the release portion waste heat carries out cold air being discharged in the environment after the preheating.
Extract the superheated steam of low pressure (LP) cylinder, condensation heat in the drier internal heater provides the part heat for brown coal are predrying; The condensed water that generates in the drier internal heater gets in the air-water heat exchanger, utilizes after its heat air, returns in the steam-water circulation system of power station in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
In scheme one: the turbine low pressure cylinder condensation heat in air heater that draws gas, be used to add hot-air, the condensate of generation is returned in the steam-water circulation system of power station in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
In scheme two: utilize boiler exhaust gas in air heater, to add hot-air, the smoke evacuation after the release heat gets into follow-up flue gas processing device again.Said boiler exhaust gas refers to, and after the boiler air preheater, still has the flue gas of higher temperature.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation to further explain that the present invention did; Can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention only limits to this; Those of ordinary skill for technical field under the present invention; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design; Can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to the present invention and confirm scope of patent protection by claims of being submitted to.
Claims (8)
1. predrying system of high-moisture brown coal that is integrated in the thermal power plant is characterized in that: comprise conventional thermal power generation system and the integrated predrying system of brown coal in conventional thermal power generation system; Said conventional thermal power generation system is made up of boiler, steam turbine, condenser, condensate pump, low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, feed pump and high-pressure heater; The predrying system of said brown coal is made up of fluidized bed dryer, fluidized bed dryer internal heater, deduster, gas-to-gas heat exchanger, air-water heat exchanger, air heater and blower fan;
The steam (vapor) outlet of said boiler is connected to the steam inlet of steam turbine; The exhaust steam of steam turbine outlet is connected to condenser; The condensed water of condenser outlet is successively through getting back to the feed-water intake of boiler after condensate pump, low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, feed pump, the high-pressure heater; The extraction opening of different parameters on the steam turbine; Be connected to the heating steam inlet of low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device and high-pressure heater respectively, more than constituted conventional thermal power generation steam-water circulation system; The air outlet slit of gas-to-gas heat exchanger is connected with the air intake of air-water heat exchanger, and air-water heat exchanger air outlet slit process blower fan is connected to the air intake of air heater, and the air outlet slit of air heater is connected with the fluidizing agent of fluidized bed dryer inlet; The tail gas outlet of fluidized bed dryer is connected to deduster, and the gas vent of deduster is connected to gas-to-gas heat exchanger heat medium inlet; The inlet of fluid bed internal heater is connected with the steam turbine low-pressure extraction opening; The outlet of fluid bed internal heater is connected with the heat medium inlet of air-water heat exchanger, and the condensate of air-water heat exchanger heat medium outlet is returned the power station steam-water circulation system in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
2. be integrated in the predrying system of high-moisture brown coal in thermal power plant according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said air heater heat medium inlet is connected to the turbine low pressure cylinder extraction opening, and the heat medium outlet of air heater is connected to system coagulation hydroenergy backwater position; The turbine low pressure cylinder condensation heat in air heater that draws gas is used to add hot-air, and the condensate of generation is returned in the steam-water circulation system of power station in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
3. be integrated in the predrying system of high-moisture brown coal in thermal power plant according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the heat medium inlet of said air heater is connected with boiler exhaust gas, and the heat medium outlet smoke evacuation of air heater links to each other with follow-up flue gas processing device; Utilize boiler exhaust gas in air heater, to add hot-air, the smoke evacuation after the release heat gets into follow-up flue gas processing device again.
4. be integrated in the predrying system of high-moisture brown coal in thermal power plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said fluidized bed dryer is single-layer fluidized bed drier, multi-stage fluidized bed dryer, horizontal multicompartment fluidized bed dryer, vibrating fluid bed dryer or spouted fluidized bed dryer.
5. based on the said drying means that is integrated in the predrying system of high-moisture brown coal in thermal power plant of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The superheated steam that said boiler produces gets into the steam turbine acting, and the steam discharge of steam turbine is condensed into water in condenser, and condensed water flows through condensate pump, low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, feed pump and high-pressure heater successively, returns in the boiler afterwards and absorbs heat; The extracted steam from turbine of different parameters is heaters at different levels and oxygen-eliminating device heating;
Cold air at first gets into gas-to-gas heat exchanger, and the heat of absorption dehydration tail gas carries out preheating; Air after the preheating gets into the air-water heat exchanger, and the heat of the condensed water that generates in the absorption dehydration device internal heater further improves air themperature; Through air heater, reach the required air themperature of brown coal drying at last, send into and carry out predrying to brown coal in the fluidized bed dryer; The tail gas that fluidized bed dryer is discharged gets into deduster, and the coal dust that carries in the tail gas is separated; Tail gas after the purification is through gas-to-gas heat exchanger, and the release portion waste heat carries out cold air being discharged in the environment after the preheating;
Extract the steam in the low pressure (LP) cylinder, condensation heat in the drier internal heater provides the part heat for brown coal are predrying; The condensed water that generates in the drier internal heater gets in the air-water heat exchanger, utilizes after its heat air, returns in the steam-water circulation system of power station in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
6. based on the said drying means that is integrated in the predrying system of high-moisture brown coal in thermal power plant of claim 5, it is characterized in that:
The turbine low pressure cylinder condensation heat in air heater that draws gas is used to add hot-air, and the condensate of generation is returned in the steam-water circulation system of power station in the coagulation hydroenergy backwater position.
7. based on the said drying means that is integrated in the predrying system of high-moisture brown coal in thermal power plant of claim 5, it is characterized in that:
The heat medium inlet of said air heater is connected with boiler exhaust gas, and the heat medium outlet smoke evacuation of air heater links to each other with follow-up flue gas processing device; Utilize boiler exhaust gas in air heater, to add hot-air, the smoke evacuation after the release heat gets into follow-up flue gas processing device again.
8. like claim 5,6 or 7 described drying means, it is characterized in that: said hot air temperature scope is 60-120 ℃; The saturation temperature that said turbine low pressure cylinder draws gas is between 80-140 ℃; Described gas-to-gas heat exchanger adopts rotary generative heat exchanger or heat-pipe heat exchanger.
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