JP2014176243A - Work machine and generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve miniaturization of a work machine and highly efficient operation of an actuator.SOLUTION: The work machine includes: an engine 200; an axial gap power generation body 202 that is connected with a crank shaft 216 of the engine 200 and generates electric power by the power of the engine 200 transmitted through the crank shaft 216; and a driving wheel motor 114 and a rotation pawl motor 116 that are directly operated by electric power generated by the axial gap power generation body 202.

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a working machine and a generator for driving a working actuator.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a work machine such as a cultivator, a work device that is a work target is connected to an output shaft of an engine via a transmission, and the work device is operated by driving the engine.

  In addition, in the work machine, a power generator is attached to the engine, and when the engine is driven, the power generated by the power generator is stored in the battery, and the actuator is operated by the power stored in the battery. Has been proposed (Patent Document 1).

JP 2010-213385 A

  In the working machine that operates the working device by driving the engine as described above, the output of the engine is transmitted to the working device through the transmission, and thus there is a problem that the size of the working machine is increased. In addition, since the operation of the work device depends on the engine speed, the work device cannot be operated efficiently, for example, when two or more work devices are operated, each of which cannot be controlled independently. There was a problem.

  Moreover, in the working machine that operates the actuator with the electric power stored in the battery as described above, there is a problem that the apparatus becomes larger as the battery is provided.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a work machine and a generator that can reduce the size of the work machine and efficiently operate an actuator.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a work machine according to the present invention includes an engine, an axial gap power generator that is connected to an output shaft of the engine and generates electric power by power of the engine transmitted through the output shaft, And one or a plurality of actuators that are directly operated by electric power generated by the axial gap power generator.

  The axial gap power generator is fixed to the output shaft and rotates integrally with the output shaft. Magnetization directions are alternately reversed on both side surfaces orthogonal to the output shaft along the rotation direction of the output shaft. A rotor having a plurality of magnetic bodies arranged so as to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance on both side surfaces in the axial direction of the rotor, and a plurality of coils at positions facing the magnetic bodies arranged in the rotor An electric power generated by a coil arranged in the first stator and an electric power generated by a coil arranged in the second stator. May be supplied to different actuators.

  A control unit for controlling the actuator is provided, and among the plurality of coils arranged in the first stator, power generated by some coils is supplied to the control unit, and coils other than the some coils May be supplied to the actuator.

  The working machine is provided with a moving wheel, an actuator for rotating the wheel is operated by electric power generated by a coil disposed in the second stator, and the working actuator is the first stator. It may be operated with power generated by a coil arranged in the.

  The generator of the present invention is a generator that supplies electric power to an actuator of a work machine, and is connected to an engine and an output shaft of the engine, and generates electric power by power output from the engine output shaft. And an axial gap power generator that directly operates one or a plurality of actuators with the generated electric power.

  The present invention makes it possible to downsize a work machine and operate an actuator efficiently.

It is a figure which shows the whole structure of a working machine. It is the schematic which shows the structure of a generator. It is a functional block diagram showing a schematic electrical configuration of the work machine.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in the embodiments are merely examples for facilitating understanding of the invention, and do not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted, and elements not directly related to the present invention are not illustrated. To do.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overall configuration of the work machine 100. As shown in FIG. 1, the work machine 100 is a cultivator, and a generator 112, a drive wheel motor 114, a rotating claw motor 116, and the like are mounted on a body frame 110, and these are covered with a body cover 118. The vehicle body frame 110 rotatably supports an axle 122 having driving wheels 120 fixed at both ends on the front side, and can rotate a rotation shaft 126 having a plurality of rotating claws 124 fixed on the rear side. To support. In addition, a handle 128 for operation by an operator handling the work machine 100 is attached to the body frame 110. An operation input unit 132 is attached to the handle 128 at a position where the control unit 130 and the operator can operate during work. The vehicle body frame 110 is provided with a fuel tank 134 that stores fuel to be supplied to the engine 200 described later.

  As will be described in detail later, the generator 112 generates electric power (generates electric power) using its motive power, and supplies the electric power to the drive wheel motor 114, the rotary claw motor 116, and the control unit 130. The drive wheel motor 114 rotates when electric power is supplied from the generator 112, and rotates the axle 122 and the drive wheel 120 via the drive belt 136. The rotating claw motor 116 rotates when electric power is supplied from the generator 112, and rotates the rotating shaft 126 and the rotating claw 124 via the work belt 138. The drive wheel motor 114 requires a larger output than the rotary claw motor 116 that rotates the rotary claw 124 in order to rotate the drive wheel 120, that is, to move the work machine 100. .

  The control unit 130 is activated when electric power is supplied from the generator 112, and controls the rotation direction (forward rotation and reverse rotation) and rotation speed of the drive wheel motor 114 and the rotary claw motor 116. The operation input unit 132 is provided with a plurality of buttons for receiving instructions from the operator.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the generator 112. As shown in FIG. 2, the generator 112 includes an engine 200, an axial gap power generator 202, a flywheel unit 204, and a recoil starter 206.

  The engine 200 includes a cylinder 210, a piston 212, a piston rod 214, a crankshaft 216 as an output shaft, and a spark plug 218. In the engine 200, the fuel ignited by the spark plug 218 in the cylinder 210 burns, and the piston 212 reciprocates in the vertical direction by the pressure generated by the combustion, whereby the crankshaft 216 rotates through the piston rod 214. An end of the crankshaft 216 on the PTO (Power take off) side extends into the flywheel unit 204.

  The axial gap power generator 202 is disposed between the engine 200 and the flywheel portion 204 so as to surround the crankshaft 216 along the axial direction. The axial gap power generator 202 includes a housing 220, a rotor 222, a first stator 224 and a second stator 226, and the rotor 222, the first stator 224 and the second stator 226 are provided in the housing 220.

  In the rotor 222, a disk member 230 having a through hole at the center and formed in a disk shape is fixed to a crankshaft 216 inserted through the through hole. In the disk member 230, a plurality of magnets 232 are arranged on both side surfaces orthogonal to the axial direction of the crankshaft 216 so that the magnetization directions are alternately reversed along the circumferential direction.

  The first stator 224 is fixed to the housing 220 such that a cylindrical member 240 having a through hole at the center and formed in a cylindrical shape is separated from one side surface of the rotor 222 by a predetermined distance (for example, about 1 mm). The crankshaft 216 is rotatably inserted in the through hole of the cylindrical member 240 without contacting. The first stator 224 is a surface facing one side surface of the rotor 222 in the cylindrical member 240, and, for example, 18 coils 242 are disposed along the circumferential direction at a position facing the magnet 232 disposed on the rotor 222. Be placed. Three of the eighteen coils 242 are connected to each other, and the remaining 15 coils are connected in three layers of the U layer, the V layer, and the W layer every 120 ° electrical angle. For convenience of explanation, the coil 242 group in which three wires are connected is referred to as a power supply coil 242a, and the coil 242 group in which 15 wires are divided into three layers, a U layer, a V layer, and a W layer, is referred to as a working coil 242b. Call.

  The second stator 226 has a cylindrical member 250 formed in a cylindrical shape with a through-hole at the center, and the other side of the rotor 222 (the side opposite to the side facing the first stator 224). It is fixed to the housing 220 so as to be separated by a predetermined interval (for example, about 1 mm), and the crankshaft 216 is rotatably inserted into the through hole of the cylindrical member 250 without contacting. The second stator 226 is a surface facing the other side surface of the rotor 222 in the cylindrical member 250 and is positioned at a position facing the magnet 232 disposed on the rotor 222, for example, 18 coils (hereinafter referred to as “coil”). , Also called a drive coil) 252 is arranged. The drive coil 252 is divided into three layers, ie, a U layer, a V layer, and a W layer.

  In the axial gap power generator 202, when the engine 200 is driven and the rotor 222 rotates together with the crankshaft 216, the magnetic field around the magnet 232 disposed on the rotor 222 changes. Due to the change in the magnetic field, electromagnetic induction is generated in the power supply coil 242a and the working coil 242b of the first stator 224 and the drive coil 252 of the second stator 226. As a result, a single-phase alternating current flows in the power supply coil 242a, and a three-phase alternating current flows in the working coil 242b and the drive coil 252. In this manner, power is generated in the power supply coil 242a, the working coil 242b, and the drive coil 252.

  The flywheel unit 204 includes a flywheel 260, a blower fin 262, an ignition magnet 264, and an ignition coil 266. The flywheel 260 is formed in a disk shape, a crankshaft 216 is connected to one side surface, a blower fin 262 is attached to the other surface, and an ignition magnet 264 is attached to the peripheral surface. The flywheel 260 rotates integrally with the crankshaft 216. The blower fin 262 is provided with a plurality of blades that blow external air to the engine 200. The ignition coil 266 is disposed at a position spaced apart from the peripheral surface of the flywheel 260 by a predetermined distance, and the ignition plug 218 is electrically connected. The ignition coil 266 causes electromagnetic induction by a magnetic field changed by the ignition magnet 264 as the flywheel 260 rotates, and ignites the spark plug 218 by a voltage difference generated by the electromagnetic induction.

  The recoil starter 206 is provided adjacent to the flywheel unit 204, and starts the engine 200 by an operator's starting operation.

  FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic electrical configuration of work machine 100. In FIG. 3, signal lines connecting the respective parts are indicated by thin lines, and power lines connecting the respective parts are indicated by thick lines. As shown in FIG. 3, the control unit 130 includes a control power supply unit 300, a rotary claw motor driver unit 302, and a drive wheel motor driver unit 304. The control power supply unit 300 includes a smoothing capacitor and a regulator, and is electrically connected to the power coil 242a and is electrically connected to the rotary claw motor driver unit 302 and the drive wheel motor driver unit 304. The rotary claw motor driver unit 302 and the drive wheel motor driver unit 304 are formed of an IC chip having a diode bridge, a smoothing capacitor, and a PWM (pulse width modulation) circuit, for example, operating at 12 V. The working coil 242b and the drive coil 252 Each is electrically connected.

  The operation input unit 132 includes a rotation claw rotation direction changeover switch (SW) 400 for switching the rotation direction (forward rotation and reverse rotation) of the rotation claw 124, and a rotation claw rotation speed changeover switch (SW) for switching the rotation speed of the rotation claw 124. SW) 402, a traveling direction switching switch (SW) 404 for switching the traveling direction (forward and backward), and a traveling speed switching switch (SW) 406 for switching the traveling speed. The rotation claw rotation direction changeover switch 400 and the rotation claw rotation speed changeover switch 402 output a signal corresponding to the operation of the operator to the rotation claw motor driver unit 302. The traveling direction switching switch 404 and the traveling speed switching switch 406 output a signal corresponding to the operation of the operator to the drive wheel motor driver unit 304.

  The rotation claw motor 116 is electrically connected to the rotation claw motor driver unit 302, and a rotation claw motor rotation angle detection unit 116a made of, for example, an encoder or a resolver is attached. The rotation claw motor rotation angle detector 116 a detects the rotation angle of the rotation claw motor 116 and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the rotation claw motor driver unit 302.

  The drive wheel motor 114 is electrically connected to a drive wheel motor driver unit 304, and a drive wheel motor rotation angle detector 114a made of, for example, an encoder or a resolver is attached. The drive wheel motor rotation angle detection unit 114 a detects the rotation angle of the drive wheel motor 114 and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the drive wheel motor driver unit 304.

  In work machine 100, when engine 200 is driven, electromagnetic induction occurs in power supply coil 242a, work coil 242b, and drive coil 252. A single-phase alternating current is supplied from the power supply coil 242a to the control power supply unit 300, and a three-phase alternating current is supplied from the working coil 242b and the drive coil 252 to the rotary claw motor driver unit 302 and the drive wheel motor driver unit 304. Are supplied respectively.

  The control power supply unit 300 rectifies the supplied single-phase alternating current with a diode bridge, then converts it into a direct current with a smoothing capacitor, makes it constant with a regulator, for example, 12V, and drives the rotary claw motor driver unit 302 and the drive wheel motor driver unit. 304 is supplied.

  The rotary claw motor driver unit 302 operates with a DC current of 12 V supplied from the control power supply unit 300, rectifies the three-phase AC current supplied from the work coil 242b with a diode bridge, and then converts it into a DC with a smoothing capacitor. To do. After that, the rotary claw motor driver unit 302 uses the PWM circuit to convert the direct current into a rotation direction and a rotation speed corresponding to signals input from the rotation claw rotation direction changeover switch 400 and the rotation claw rotation speed changeover switch 402. To be output to the rotary claw motor 116.

  Further, the rotary claw motor driver unit 302 receives a signal indicating the rotation angle of the rotary claw motor 116 detected by the rotary claw motor rotation angle detection unit 116a at predetermined intervals. Then, the rotary claw motor driver unit 302 performs feedback control by a PWM circuit based on the signal received from the rotary claw motor rotation angle detection unit 116a, and the rotary claw motor 116 is rotated by the rotation claw rotation direction changeover switch 400 and the rotation claw motor 116. The claw is rotated at a rotation direction and a rotation speed according to a signal input from the claw rotation speed changeover switch 402. As a result, the work machine 100 rotates the rotating claw 124 at a direction and speed in accordance with instructions from the operator to the rotating claw rotation direction switching switch 400 and the rotating claw rotation speed switching switch 402.

  The drive wheel motor driver unit 304 operates with a 12V DC current supplied from the control power supply unit 300, rectifies the three-phase AC current supplied from the drive coil 252 with a diode bridge, and then converts it into a DC with a smoothing capacitor. To do. Thereafter, the drive wheel motor driver unit 304 causes the PWM circuit to change the direct current into a traveling direction and a traveling speed according to signals input from the traveling direction switch 404 and the traveling speed switch 406. Modulate and output to the drive wheel motor 114.

  The drive wheel motor driver unit 304 receives a signal indicating the rotation angle of the drive wheel motor 114 detected by the drive wheel motor rotation angle detection unit 114a at predetermined intervals. The drive wheel motor driver unit 304 performs feedback control by a PWM circuit based on the signal received from the drive wheel motor rotation angle detection unit 114a, and is input from the travel direction switch 404 and the travel speed switch 406. The drive wheel motor 114 is rotated at a rotation direction and a rotation speed according to the above. As a result, work machine 100 travels in a direction and speed in accordance with instructions from the operator to travel direction selector switch 404 and travel speed selector switch 406.

  As described above, the work machine 100 uses the electric power (alternating current) generated by the axial gap power generator 202 of the generator 112 to directly actuate the drive wheel motor 114 to rotate the drive wheel 120 and to rotate the claw motor. The rotating claw 124 is rotated by directly operating 116. As a result, the work machine 100 can be reduced in size to the extent that the battery need not be provided, as compared with the conventional case where the battery is temporarily stored and then the actuator is operated. Usability can be improved with no limitation on usage time. In addition, the work machine 100 can be reduced in size and can be narrowed in the vehicle width direction as much as it is not necessary to provide a transmission, as compared with a conventional case where the work device to be worked is directly operated by the output of the engine. Can do. In particular, when used as a cultivator, it is possible to easily pass through between crops and straws, which is useful.

  Further, the work machine 100 includes a rotary claw motor that is a different actuator with electric power (alternating current) generated by the first stator 224 (working coil 242b) and the second stator 226 (driving coil 252) of the axial gap power generator 202. 116 and the drive wheel motor 114 are operated. Thereby, the working machine 100 can operate the drive wheel motor 114 and the rotary claw motor 116 independently and efficiently without taking a complicated configuration.

  In the work machine 100, a part of the plurality of coils 242 arranged in the first stator 224 generates power (alternating current) for operation of the control unit 130 as the power supply coil 242a, and the remaining coils 242 Electric power (alternating current) for operating the rotary claw motor 116 is generated as the working coil 242b. On the other hand, all of the plurality of coils arranged in the second stator 226 is used as the drive coil 252 to generate electric power (alternating current) for driving the drive wheel motor 114. This is because the drive wheel motor 114 requires more power than the rotary claw motor 116 and consumes more power, so that a part of the coil 242 that operates the rotary claw motor 116 with lower power consumption is operated by the control unit 130. It is used as a power coil 242a. Thereby, the work machine 100 can efficiently supply power to the control unit 130, the drive wheel motor 114, and the rotary claw motor 116.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to this embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. Is done.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the drive wheel motor 114 that drives the drive wheel 120 and the rotary claw motor 116 that rotates the rotary claw 124 are applied as the actuator has been described. However, the actuator that drives other work devices And only one actuator may be used.

  Moreover, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although the case where it adapted to the cultivator as the working machine 100 was described, the working machine is not limited to the cultivator.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a working machine and a generator that drive a working actuator.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Work machine 112 ... Generator 114 ... Drive wheel motor 116 ... Rotation claw motor 120 ... Drive wheel 124 ... Rotation claw 200 ... Engine 202 ... Axial gap power generation body 216 ... Crankshaft 222 ... Rotor 224 ... 1st stator 226 ... 1st 2 stator

Claims (5)

An engine,
An axial gap power generator connected to an output shaft of the engine and generating electric power by the power of the engine transmitted through the output shaft;
A work machine comprising one or a plurality of actuators that are directly operated by electric power generated by the axial gap power generator. The axial gap power generator is
A plurality of magnets are fixed to the output shaft and rotate integrally with the output shaft, and on both side surfaces orthogonal to the output shaft, the magnetization directions are alternately reversed along the rotation direction of the output shaft. A rotor on which the body is arranged;
A first stator and a second stator, which are arranged on both side surfaces of the rotor in the axial direction at a predetermined interval and in which a plurality of coils are arranged at positions facing the magnetic body arranged on the rotor;
The electric power generated by the coil arranged in the first stator and the electric power generated by the coil arranged in the second stator are independently supplied to the different actuators. The work machine according to 1. A control unit for controlling the actuator;
Of the plurality of coils arranged in the first stator, electric power generated by a part of the coils is supplied to the control unit, and electric power generated by a coil other than the part of the coils is supplied to the actuator. The work machine according to claim 2, wherein: The work machine is provided with wheels for movement,
The actuator for rotating the wheel is operated by electric power generated by a coil disposed in the second stator,
4. The work machine according to claim 2, wherein the work actuator is operated by electric power generated by a coil disposed in the first stator. 5. A generator for supplying power to an actuator of a work machine,
An engine,
An axial gap power generator that is connected to the output shaft of the engine, generates electric power by power output from the output shaft of the engine, and directly operates one or a plurality of actuators by the generated electric power;
With a generator.

Images