JP2014175071A5 - - Google Patents
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- JP2014175071A5 JP2014175071A5 JP2013044020A JP2013044020A JP2014175071A5 JP 2014175071 A5 JP2014175071 A5 JP 2014175071A5 JP 2013044020 A JP2013044020 A JP 2013044020A JP 2013044020 A JP2013044020 A JP 2013044020A JP 2014175071 A5 JP2014175071 A5 JP 2014175071A5
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- secondary battery
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005011 time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atoms Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 8
- 238000002042 time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene (PE) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001888 polyacrylic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011528 polyamide (building material) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001444 polymaleic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 Polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylene Chemical compound C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011808 electrode reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
被覆部３の平均厚さは、特に限定されないが、中でも、できるだけ薄いことが好ましく、具体的には５００ｎｍ以下であることが好ましい。中心部２において電極反応物質が吸蔵放出されやすくなるからである。ただし、被覆部３の平均厚さは、２０ｎｍ以上であることが好ましい。被覆部３が薄すぎると、充放電時において活物質１が割れやすくなるからである。 Although the average thickness of the coating | coated part 3 is not specifically limited, Especially, it is preferable that it is as thin as possible, and it is preferable that it is specifically 500 nm or less. This is because the electrode reactant is easily occluded and released in the central portion 2. However, the average thickness of the covering portion 3 is preferably 20 nm or more. This is because if the covering portion 3 is too thin, the active material 1 is liable to break during charging and discharging.
［活物質の作用および効果］
この活物質１によれば、ケイ素を構成元素として含む中心部２の表面に、炭素および水素を構成元素として含む被覆部３が設けられている。また、ＴＯＦ−ＳＩＭＳを用いた被覆部３の正イオン分析により特定イオンが検出される。この場合には、上記したように、活物質１全体の電気抵抗が低下する。また、被覆部３の表面における反応性が低減するため、電解液の分解反応が抑制されると共に、電極反応物質の吸蔵放出を阻害する不可逆反応（副反応）も抑制される。よって、活物質１を用いた二次電池の電池特性を向上させることができる。
[Action and effect of active material]
According to this active material 1, the coating | coated part 3 which contains carbon and hydrogen as a structural element is provided in the surface of the center part 2 which contains silicon as a structural element. Moreover, a specific ion is detected by the positive ion analysis of the coating | coated part 3 using TOF-SIMS. In this case, as described above, the electrical resistance of the entire active material 1 is reduced . Moreover, since the reactivity in the surface of the coating | coated part 3 reduces, the decomposition reaction of electrolyte solution is suppressed and the irreversible reaction (side reaction) which inhibits occlusion discharge | release of an electrode reactive substance is also suppressed. Therefore, the battery characteristics of the secondary battery using the active material 1 can be improved.
負極集電体２２Ａが銅を構成元素として含んでいる場合には、その負極集電体２２Ａは、さらに炭素（Ｃ）および硫黄（Ｓ）を構成元素として含んでいることが好ましい。負極集電体２２Ａの物理的強度（耐久性）が向上するため、充放電時において負極活物質層２２Ｂが膨張収縮しても負極集電体２２Ａが変形または破損（破断など）しにくくなるからである。具体的には、負極集電体２２Ａは、例えば、炭素およびイオンがドープされた銅箔などである。負極集電体２２Ａにおける炭素および硫黄のそれぞれの含有量の総和は、特に限定されないが、中でも、１００ｐｐｍ以下であることが好ましい。より高い効果が得られるからである。 When the anode current collector 22A contains copper as a constituent element, the anode current collector 22A preferably further contains carbon (C) and sulfur (S) as constituent elements. Since the physical strength (durability) of the negative electrode current collector 22A is improved, even if the negative electrode active material layer 22B expands and contracts during charge / discharge, the negative electrode current collector 22A is unlikely to be deformed or damaged (break). It is. Specifically, the anode current collector 22A is, for example, a copper foil doped with carbon and ions. The total sum of the contents of carbon and sulfur in the anode current collector 22A is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ppm or less. This is because a higher effect can be obtained.
［二次電池の作用および効果］
この角型の二次電池によれば、負極２２の負極活物質層２２Ｂが負極活物質として上記した二次電池用活物質を含んでいる。よって、負極活物質の電気抵抗が低下すると共に、電解液の分解反応などが抑制されるため、優れた電池特性を得ることができる。これ以外の効果は、二次電池用活物質と同様である。
[Operation and effect of secondary battery]
According to this rectangular secondary battery, the negative electrode active material layer 22B of the negative electrode 22 includes the above-described secondary battery active material as the negative electrode active material. Therefore, the electrical resistance of the negative electrode active material is reduced and the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is suppressed, so that excellent battery characteristics can be obtained. Other effects are the same as those of the active material for the secondary battery.
＜２−２．円筒型＞
図７および図８は、円筒型の二次電池の断面構成を表しており、図８では、図７に示した巻回電極体４０の一部を拡大している。以下では、既に説明した角型の二次電池の構成要素を随時引用する。
<2-2. Cylindrical type>
7 and 8 show a cross-sectional configuration of a cylindrical secondary battery. In FIG. 8, a part of the wound electrode body 40 shown in FIG. 7 is enlarged. In the following, the constituent elements of the already-described prismatic secondary battery are referred to as needed.
［二次電池の作用および効果］
この円筒型の二次電池によれば、負極４２の負極活物質層４２Ｂが負極活物質として上記した二次電池用活物質を含んでいるので、角型の二次電池と同様の理由により、優れた電池特性を得ることができる。これ以外の作用および効果は、角型の場合と同様である。
[Operation and effect of secondary battery]
According to this cylindrical secondary battery, since the negative electrode active material layer 42B of the negative electrode 42 contains the above-described secondary battery active material as the negative electrode active material, for the same reason as the square secondary battery, Excellent battery characteristics can be obtained. Other operations and effects are the same as in the square type.
電解液の組成は、例えば、角型の場合と同様である。ただし、ゲル状の電解質である電解質層５６において電解液の溶媒とは、液状の溶媒だけでなく、電解質塩を解離させることが可能なイオン伝導性を有する材料まで含む広い概念である。よって、イオン伝導性を有する高分子化合物を用いる場合には、その高分子化合物も溶媒に含まれる。 The composition of the electrolytic solution is the same as that of the square type, for example. However, in the electrolyte layer 56 which is a gel electrolyte, the solvent of the electrolytic solution is a wide concept including not only a liquid solvent but also a material having ion conductivity capable of dissociating the electrolyte salt. Therefore, when using a polymer compound having ion conductivity, the polymer compound is also included in the solvent.
［二次電池の作用および効果］
このラミネートフィルム型の二次電池によれば、負極５４の負極活物質層５４Ｂが負極活物質として上記した二次電池用活物質を含んでいるので、角型の場合と同様の理由により、優れた電池特性を得ることができる。これ以外の作用および効果は、角型の場合と同様である。
[Operation and effect of secondary battery]
According to the laminated film secondary battery, the negative electrode active material layer 54B of the anode 54 contains a rechargeable battery active material described above as the negative electrode active material, for the same reason as in the case of the square, excellent Battery characteristics can be obtained. Other operations and effects are the same as in the square type.
この電力貯蔵システムでは、例えば、外部電源である集中型電力系統９７からスマートメータ９２およびパワーハブ９３を介して電源９１に電力が蓄積されると共に、独立電源である自家発電機９５からパワーハブ９３を介して電源９１に電力が蓄積される。この電源９１に蓄積された電力は、制御部９０の指示に応じて電気機器９４および電動車両９６に供給されるため、その電気機器９４が稼働可能になると共に、電動車両９６が充電可能になる。すなわち、電力貯蔵システムは、電源９１を用いて、家屋８９内における電力の蓄積および供給を可能にするシステムである。 In this power storage system, for example, power is accumulated in the power source 91 from the centralized power system 97 that is an external power source via the smart meter 92 and the power hub 93, and from the private power generator 95 that is an independent power source via the power hub 93. Thus, electric power is accumulated in the power source 91. Since the electric power stored in the power source 91 is supplied to the electric device 94 and the electric vehicle 96 in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 90 , the electric device 94 can be operated and the electric vehicle 96 can be charged. . In other words, the power storage system is a system that makes it possible to store and supply power in the house 89 using the power source 91.
（実験例２−１〜２−１１）
表２に示したように、比Ｄ１／Ｄ２および比Ｄ１／Ｄ３を変更したことを除き、実験例１−１と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。この場合には、熱分解ＣＶＤ法を用いた被覆部の形成工程において、メタンガスとアセチレンガスとの配合比、加熱温度、および補助ガスの種類などの条件を変更することで、比Ｄ１／Ｄ２および比Ｄ１／Ｄ３を調整した。
(Experimental examples 2-1 to 2-11)
As shown in Table 2, a secondary battery was fabricated in the same procedure as in Experimental Example 1-1 except that the ratio D1 / D2 and the ratio D1 / D3 were changed, and various characteristics were examined. In this case, in the process of forming the covering portion using a thermal decomposition CVD method, mixing ratio of the methane gas and acetylene gas, by changing the conditions such as the type of heating temperature, and the auxiliary gas, the ratio D1 / D2 and The ratio D1 / D3 was adjusted.
（実験例１１−１〜１１−９）
表１１に示したように、負極結着剤の種類を変更したことを除き、実験例１−１と同様の手順により二次電池を作製して諸特性を調べた。この場合には、負極結着剤として、ポリアミドイミド（ＰＡＩ）、ポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶＤＦ）、ポリアミド（ＰＡ）、ポリアクリル酸（ＰＡＡ）、ポリアクリル酸リチウム（ＰＡＡＬｉ）、炭化ポリイミド（炭化ＰＩ）、ポリエチレン（ＰＥ）、ポリマレイン酸（ＰＭＡ）およびアラミド（ＡＲ）を用いた。なお、ＰＡＡおよびＰＡＡＬを用いる場合には、それらを純水に溶解させた１７体積％の水溶液（ポリエチレン粒子１．５重量％含む）を用いて負極合剤スラリーを準備すると共に、熱プレスしてから焼成せずに負極活物質層５４Ｂを形成した。
(Experimental examples 11-1 to 11-9)
As shown in Table 11, a secondary battery was produced by the same procedure as in Experimental Example 1-1 except that the type of the negative electrode binder was changed, and various characteristics were examined. In this case, as the negative electrode binder, polyamideimide (PAI), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyamide (PA), polyacrylic acid (PAA), lithium polyacrylate (PAAL i ), carbonized polyimide (carbonized PI) ), Polyethylene (PE), polymaleic acid (PMA) and aramid (AR). When PAA and PAAL are used, a negative electrode mixture slurry is prepared using a 17% by volume aqueous solution (including 1.5% by weight of polyethylene particles) obtained by dissolving them in pure water, and hot-pressed. Thus, the negative electrode active material layer 54B was formed without firing.
Claims (20)
前記活物質は、中心部と、その中心部の表面に設けられた被覆部とを含み、
前記中心部は、ケイ素（Ｓｉ）を構成元素として含み、
前記被覆部は、炭素（Ｃ）および水素（Ｈ）を構成元素として含み、
飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析法を用いた前記被覆部の正イオン分析により、Ｃx Ｈy （ｘおよびｙは２≦ｘ≦６および３≦ｙ≦９を満たす。）で表される正イオンのうちの少なくとも１種が検出される、
二次電池。 A positive electrode, a negative electrode containing an active material, and an electrolyte solution,
The active material includes a central portion and a covering portion provided on the surface of the central portion,
The central portion includes silicon (Si) as a constituent element,
The covering portion includes carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) as constituent elements,
According to positive ion analysis of the covering portion using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, C x H y (x and y satisfy 2 ≦ x ≦ 6 and 3 ≦ y ≦ 9) is represented. At least one of the ions is detected;
Secondary battery.
請求項１記載の二次電池。 The ratio D1 / D2 of the sum D1 of the detection intensity of positive ions represented by C 2 H 3 , C 2 H 5 and C 3 H 5 and the detection intensity D2 of C is 1.25 or more, Or 50 or more,
The secondary battery according to claim 1.
請求項１または請求項２に記載の二次電池。 Detection of positive ions represented by the sum D1 and CHz of positive ion detection intensities represented by C 2 H 3 , C 2 H 5 and C 3 H 5 (z satisfies 0 ≦ z ≦ 3). The ratio D1 / D3 with the sum total D3 of intensity is greater than 1,
The secondary battery according to claim 1 or 2 .
前記中心部に対する前記被覆部の平均被覆率は、３０％以上であり、
ラマンスペクトル法により測定される前記被覆部のＧバンド強度ＩＧとＤバンド強度ＩＤとの比ＩＧ／ＩＤは、０．３以上３以下である、
請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の二次電池。 An average thickness of the covering portion is 500 nm or less,
The average coverage of the covering portion with respect to the central portion is 30% or more,
The ratio IG / ID between the G band intensity IG and the D band intensity ID of the covering portion measured by the Raman spectrum method is 0.3 or more and 3 or less.
The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .
請求項１ないし請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の二次電池。 The surface of the covering portion has a concavo-convex structure resulting from at least one of the positive ions represented by the C x H y (2 ≦ x ≦ 6 and 3 ≦ y ≦ 9).
The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4 .
請求項１ないし請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の二次電池。 The central portion includes oxygen (O) as a constituent element.
The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5 .
前記中心部の表面において、酸素に対するケイ素の原子割合（Ｓｉ／Ｏ）は、７５原子％以下であるか、または３０原子％以上７０原子％以下である、
請求項６記載の二次電池。 The central portion includes silicon oxide represented by SiO w (w satisfies 0.3 ≦ w <1.9),
In the surface of the central portion, the atomic ratio of silicon to oxygen (Si / O) is 75 atomic percent or less, or 30 atomic percent or more and 70 atomic percent or less.
The secondary battery according to claim 6.
請求項１ないし請求項７のいずれか１項に記載の二次電池。 The median diameter (D50) of the central portion is 0.1 μm or more and 20 μm or less.
The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7 .
請求項１ないし請求項８のいずれか１項に記載の二次電池。 The central portion includes at least one of iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), and nickel (Ni) as a constituent element. ,
The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8 .
ケイ素の（１１１）面および（２２０）面に起因する結晶粒の平均面積占有率は、３５％以下であり、
前記結晶粒の平均粒径は、３０ｎｍ以下である、
請求項１ないし請求項９のいずれか１項に記載の二次電池。 In the central portion, crystal regions (crystal grains) are scattered in the amorphous region,
The average area occupation ratio of crystal grains due to the (111) face and (220) face of silicon is 35% or less,
The average grain size of the crystal grains is 30 nm or less.
The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 9 .
前記中心部は、ケイ酸リチウムを含む、
請求項１ないし請求項１０のいずれか１項に記載の二次電池。 In the uncharged central portion, at least a part of silicon is alloyed with lithium (Li),
The central portion includes lithium silicate,
The secondary battery of any one of Claims 1 thru | or 10 .
前記活物質層は、前記活物質を含み、
前記集電体は、銅（Ｃｕ）、炭素（Ｃ）および硫黄（Ｓ）を構成元素として含み、
前記集電体における炭素および硫黄のそれぞれの含有量の総和は、１００ｐｐｍ以下である、
請求項１ないし請求項１１のいずれか１項に記載の二次電池。 The negative electrode has an active material layer on a current collector,
The active material layer includes the active material,
The current collector contains copper (Cu), carbon (C) and sulfur (S) as constituent elements,
The total content of carbon and sulfur in the current collector is 100 ppm or less,
The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 11 .
請求項１ないし請求項１２のいずれか１項に記載の二次電池。 A lithium ion secondary battery,
The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 12 .
前記活物質は、中心部と、その中心部の表面に設けられた被覆部とを含み、
前記中心部は、ケイ素（Ｓｉ）を構成元素として含み、
前記被覆部は、炭素（Ｃ）および水素（Ｈ）を構成元素として含み、
飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析法を用いた前記被覆部の正イオン分析により、Ｃx Ｈy （ｘおよびｙは２≦ｘ≦６および３≦ｙ≦９を満たす。）で表される正イオンのうちの少なくとも１種が検出される、
二次電池用電極。 Containing active material,
The active material includes a central portion and a covering portion provided on the surface of the central portion,
The central portion includes silicon (Si) as a constituent element,
The covering portion includes carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) as constituent elements,
According to positive ion analysis of the covering portion using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, C x H y (x and y satisfy 2 ≦ x ≦ 6 and 3 ≦ y ≦ 9) is represented. At least one of the ions is detected;
Secondary battery electrode.
前記中心部は、ケイ素（Ｓｉ）を構成元素として含み、
前記被覆部は、炭素（Ｃ）および水素（Ｈ）を構成元素として含み、
飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析法を用いた前記被覆部の正イオン分析により、Ｃx Ｈy （ｘおよびｙは２≦ｘ≦６および３≦ｙ≦９を満たす。）で表される正イオンのうちの少なくとも１種が検出される、
二次電池用活物質。 Including a central portion and a covering portion provided on a surface of the central portion;
The central portion includes silicon (Si) as a constituent element,
The covering portion includes carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) as constituent elements,
According to positive ion analysis of the covering portion using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, C x H y (x and y satisfy 2 ≦ x ≦ 6 and 3 ≦ y ≦ 9) is represented. At least one of the ions is detected;
Active material for secondary batteries.
その二次電池の使用状態を制御する制御部と、
その制御部の指示に応じて前記二次電池の使用状態を切り換えるスイッチ部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、正極と、活物質を含む負極と、電解液とを備え、
前記活物質は、中心部と、その中心部の表面に設けられた被覆部とを含み、
前記中心部は、ケイ素（Ｓｉ）を構成元素として含み、
前記被覆部は、炭素（Ｃ）および水素（Ｈ）を構成元素として含み、
飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析法を用いた前記被覆部の正イオン分析により、Ｃx Ｈy （ｘおよびｙは２≦ｘ≦６および３≦ｙ≦９を満たす。）で表される正イオンのうちの少なくとも１種が検出される、
電池パック。 A secondary battery,
A control unit for controlling the usage state of the secondary battery;
A switch unit for switching the usage state of the secondary battery according to an instruction of the control unit,
The secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode including an active material, and an electrolyte solution.
The active material includes a central portion and a covering portion provided on the surface of the central portion,
The central portion includes silicon (Si) as a constituent element,
The covering portion includes carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) as constituent elements,
According to positive ion analysis of the covering portion using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, C x H y (x and y satisfy 2 ≦ x ≦ 6 and 3 ≦ y ≦ 9) is represented. At least one of the ions is detected;
Battery pack.
その二次電池から供給された電力を駆動力に変換する変換部と、
その駆動力に応じて駆動する駆動部と、
前記二次電池の使用状態を制御する制御部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、正極と、活物質を含む負極と、電解液とを備え、
前記活物質は、中心部と、その中心部の表面に設けられた被覆部とを含み、
前記中心部は、ケイ素（Ｓｉ）を構成元素として含み、
前記被覆部は、炭素（Ｃ）および水素（Ｈ）を構成元素として含み、
飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析法を用いた前記被覆部の正イオン分析により、Ｃx Ｈy （ｘおよびｙは２≦ｘ≦６および３≦ｙ≦９を満たす。）で表される正イオンのうちの少なくとも１種が検出される、
電動車両。 A secondary battery,
A converter that converts electric power supplied from the secondary battery into driving force;
A drive unit that drives according to the driving force;
A control unit for controlling the usage state of the secondary battery,
The secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode including an active material, and an electrolyte solution.
The active material includes a central portion and a covering portion provided on the surface of the central portion,
The central portion includes silicon (Si) as a constituent element,
The covering portion includes carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) as constituent elements,
According to positive ion analysis of the covering portion using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, C x H y (x and y satisfy 2 ≦ x ≦ 6 and 3 ≦ y ≦ 9) is represented. At least one of the ions is detected;
Electric vehicle.
その二次電池から電力を供給される１または２以上の電気機器と、
前記二次電池からの前記電気機器に対する電力供給を制御する制御部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、正極と、活物質を含む負極と、電解液とを備え、
前記活物質は、中心部と、その中心部の表面に設けられた被覆部とを含み、
前記中心部は、ケイ素（Ｓｉ）を構成元素として含み、
前記被覆部は、炭素（Ｃ）および水素（Ｈ）を構成元素として含み、
飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析法を用いた前記被覆部の正イオン分析により、Ｃx Ｈy （ｘおよびｙは２≦ｘ≦６および３≦ｙ≦９を満たす。）で表される正イオンのうちの少なくとも１種が検出される、
電力貯蔵システム。 A secondary battery,
One or more electric devices supplied with power from the secondary battery;
A control unit for controlling power supply from the secondary battery to the electrical device,
The secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode including an active material, and an electrolyte solution.
The active material includes a central portion and a covering portion provided on the surface of the central portion,
The central portion includes silicon (Si) as a constituent element,
The covering portion includes carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) as constituent elements,
According to positive ion analysis of the covering portion using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, C x H y (x and y satisfy 2 ≦ x ≦ 6 and 3 ≦ y ≦ 9) is represented. At least one of the ions is detected;
Power storage system.
その二次電池から電力を供給される可動部と
を備え、
前記二次電池は、正極と、活物質を含む負極と、電解液とを備え、
前記活物質は、中心部と、その中心部の表面に設けられた被覆部とを含み、
前記中心部は、ケイ素（Ｓｉ）を構成元素として含み、
前記被覆部は、炭素（Ｃ）および水素（Ｈ）を構成元素として含み、
飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析法を用いた前記被覆部の正イオン分析により、Ｃx Ｈy （ｘおよびｙは２≦ｘ≦６および３≦ｙ≦９を満たす。）で表される正イオンのうちの少なくとも１種が検出される、
電動工具。 A secondary battery,
A movable part to which electric power is supplied from the secondary battery,
The secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode including an active material, and an electrolyte solution.
The active material includes a central portion and a covering portion provided on the surface of the central portion,
The central portion includes silicon (Si) as a constituent element,
The covering portion includes carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) as constituent elements,
According to positive ion analysis of the covering portion using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, C x H y (x and y satisfy 2 ≦ x ≦ 6 and 3 ≦ y ≦ 9) is represented. At least one of the ions is detected;
Electric tool.
前記二次電池は、正極と、活物質を含む負極と、電解液とを備え、
前記活物質は、中心部と、その中心部の表面に設けられた被覆部とを含み、
前記中心部は、ケイ素（Ｓｉ）を構成元素として含み、
前記被覆部は、炭素（Ｃ）および水素（Ｈ）を構成元素として含み、
飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析法を用いた前記被覆部の正イオン分析により、Ｃx Ｈy （ｘおよびｙは２≦ｘ≦６および３≦ｙ≦９を満たす。）で表される正イオンのうちの少なくとも１種が検出される、
電子機器。 A secondary battery is provided as a power supply source,
The secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode including an active material, and an electrolyte solution.
The active material includes a central portion and a covering portion provided on the surface of the central portion,
The central portion includes silicon (Si) as a constituent element,
The covering portion includes carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) as constituent elements,
According to positive ion analysis of the covering portion using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, C x H y (x and y satisfy 2 ≦ x ≦ 6 and 3 ≦ y ≦ 9) is represented. At least one of the ions is detected;
Electronics.
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| CN201410069816.XA CN104037394B (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2014-02-27 | Active material, electrode, secondary cell, battery pack and electric vehicle |
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