JP2014172113A - Drilling device of low rigidity composite material - Google Patents

Drilling device of low rigidity composite material Download PDF

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JP2014172113A
JP2014172113A JP2013045200A JP2013045200A JP2014172113A JP 2014172113 A JP2014172113 A JP 2014172113A JP 2013045200 A JP2013045200 A JP 2013045200A JP 2013045200 A JP2013045200 A JP 2013045200A JP 2014172113 A JP2014172113 A JP 2014172113A
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plate
drilling
composite material
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rigidity composite
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JP5977692B2 (en
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Katsuhiko Ozaki
勝彦 尾崎
Fumihiro Kato
史拓 加藤
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drilling device of a low rigidity composite material capable of performing stable automatic drilling without deformation of a material in the drilling even in the case of the drilling of the low rigidity composite material using a fiber-reinforced plastic plate such as a CFRP plate.SOLUTION: A drilling device of a low rigidity composite material comprises: a load cell 3 which measures a cutting resistance value, and converts the cutting resistance value into an electric signal to be output; a controller 6 which compares cutting resistance data measured by the load cell 3 with a stored cutting resistance limit value, discriminates which of an aluminum plate 8, a titanium plate 9, and a reinforced plastic plate 10 a material to be processed is, and determines cutting speed and feeding speed of a drill 1; and a motor 2 which drives the drill 1 at the determined cutting speed and feeding speed.

Description

本発明は、アルミニウム板やアルミニウム合金板、チタン板やチタン合金板などの金属材料と、CFRP板などの強化プラスチック板を積層してなる低剛性複合材料に、穴明け加工を施す低剛性複合材料の穴加工装置に関するものである。   The present invention provides a low-rigidity composite material in which a drilling process is performed on a low-rigidity composite material obtained by laminating a metal material such as an aluminum plate, an aluminum alloy plate, a titanium plate or a titanium alloy plate, and a reinforced plastic plate such as a CFRP plate. The present invention relates to a hole drilling apparatus.

従来から航空機部品には、アルミニウム板やアルミニウム合金板、チタン板やチタン合金板などの金属板が用いられてきたが、近年は炭素繊維と樹脂で構成された繊維強化プラスチック板、特に炭素繊維強化プラスチック板(CFRP板)が、金属材料より耐久性に優れ、錆びることもなく、更には軽量であるという特長を有するため、ラダー(方向舵)をはじめ、エレベーター、スポイラー、アウトボードエルロン、翼胴フェアリング、前・主脚扉、主・尾翼トレイリングエッジパネル、垂直・水平安定板リブなどの航空機部品の材料として用いられており、航空機の軽量化に寄与してきた。   Conventionally, metal plates such as aluminum plates, aluminum alloy plates, titanium plates and titanium alloy plates have been used for aircraft parts. Recently, however, fiber reinforced plastic plates made of carbon fiber and resin, especially carbon fiber reinforced plates. Because plastic plates (CFRP plates) are more durable than metal materials, do not rust, and are lightweight, they include ladders, rudder, elevators, spoilers, outboard ailerons, wing trunk fairs. It has been used as a material for aircraft parts such as rings, front and main landing gear doors, main and tail trailing edge panels, and vertical and horizontal stabilizer ribs, and has contributed to weight reduction of aircraft.

また、損傷許容性が重視される航空機部品の1次構造材である垂直・水平尾翼安定板及びフロアービーム、尾翼にもCFRPが採用されるようになっており、更には、CFRPの複合材料の使用比率が50%以上の航空機も開発され、現在就航している。   CFRP is also adopted for vertical and horizontal stabilizers, floor beams, and tails, which are primary structural materials for aircraft parts where damage tolerance is important. Aircraft with a usage rate of over 50% have been developed and are currently in service.

このような航空機部品における穴明け加工は、部品1個あたり約12000箇所が必要とされており、この穴明け加工には約4000本のドリルが使用されている。このような穴明け加工は、従来からの金属製の航空機部品であれば機械によって自動加工することができていた。しかしながら、CFRPなどの繊維強化プラスチック板を用いた航空機部品は剛性が低いため、機械で自動加工しようとすると材料がたわんで安定した加工ができず、穴明け加工の箇所が非常に多いにかかわらず、手作業での加工に頼らざるを得ないという問題があった。   Such drilling in aircraft parts requires about 12,000 locations per part, and about 4000 drills are used for this drilling. Such drilling can be automatically processed by a machine if it is a conventional metal aircraft part. However, because aircraft parts using fiber reinforced plastic plates such as CFRP have low rigidity, the material is bent and stable processing is not possible when automatic processing is performed by a machine, regardless of the number of holes that are drilled. There was a problem that we had to rely on manual processing.

例えば、穴明け加工時の穴明け不良を防止するための穴加工装置としては、特許文献1記載の深穴加工装置が提案されている。しかし、この穴加工装置は、深穴加工を施す際に発生する問題を解決することを課題として開発された穴加工装置である。すなわち、深穴加工に用いられる工具は長尺であるため、穴加工時に工具先端に径方向の揺れが発生してしまい、深穴内周面にツールマークと称されるらせん状の傷が発生することがあるという問題が発生することを解決するために開発された穴加工装置である。   For example, a deep hole processing apparatus described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed as a hole processing apparatus for preventing a drilling defect during drilling. However, this drilling device is a drilling device developed with the object of solving the problems that occur when deep hole drilling is performed. That is, since the tool used for deep hole machining is long, the tool tip is oscillated in the radial direction during drilling, and a spiral flaw called a tool mark occurs on the inner surface of the deep hole. This is a drilling device developed to solve the problem that sometimes occurs.

よって、この深穴加工装置を用いて、アルミニウム板やアルミニウム合金板、チタン板やチタン合金板などの金属材料と、CFRP板などの強化プラスチック板を積層してなる低剛性複合材料に、穴明け加工を施したとしても、穴明け加工時の変形および穴明け不良の発生という問題が発生することなく、材料に穴明け加工を施すことは不可能である。   Therefore, using this deep hole processing machine, drilling into a low-rigidity composite material made by laminating a metal material such as an aluminum plate, an aluminum alloy plate, a titanium plate or a titanium alloy plate, and a reinforced plastic plate such as a CFRP plate. Even if the processing is performed, it is impossible to perform drilling on the material without causing the problem of deformation during drilling and the occurrence of defective drilling.

このように、異種材料を積層した低剛性複合材料の穴明け加工を施す穴加工装置は提案されておらず、CFRP板などの低剛性材料を含む低剛性複合材料であっても穴明け加工時にたわむことがなく安定した自動穴明け加工を行うことが可能な、低剛性複合材料の穴明け加工に適した穴加工装置の開発が待ち望まれていた。   Thus, no drilling device has been proposed for drilling a low-rigidity composite material in which different types of materials are laminated. Even a low-rigidity composite material containing a low-rigidity material such as a CFRP plate is not suitable for drilling. The development of a drilling device suitable for drilling low-rigidity composite materials that can perform stable automatic drilling without bending has been awaited.

特開2008−6532号公報JP 2008-6532 A

本発明は、上記従来の問題を解決せんとしてなされたもので、CFRP板などの強化プラスチック板を用いた低剛性複合材料の穴明け加工であっても、材料が穴明け加工時に変形することなく、また、穴明け不良が発生することもなく、安定した自動穴明け加工を行うことができる低剛性複合材料の穴加工装置を提供することを課題とするものである。   The present invention has been made as a solution to the above-described conventional problems, and even when drilling a low-rigidity composite material using a reinforced plastic plate such as a CFRP plate, the material is not deformed during drilling. It is another object of the present invention to provide a low-rigidity composite material drilling apparatus that can perform stable automatic drilling without causing a drilling defect.

請求項1記載の発明は、アルミニウム板および/またはチタン板と、強化プラスチック板を積層してなる複合材料に穴明け加工を施す低剛性複合材料の穴加工装置であって、穴加工時の切削抵抗値を測定して電気信号に変換して出力するロードセルと、前記ロードセルにより測定された切削抵抗データと保存済の切削抵抗限界値を比較して被加工材がアルミニウム板、チタン板、強化プラスチック板の何れであるかを判別し、夫々の材料に適したドリルの切削速度並びに送り速度を決定する制御装置と、決定した切削速度並びに送り速度でドリルを駆動するモーターを備えてなることを特徴とする低剛性複合材料の穴加工装置である。   The invention described in claim 1 is a low-rigidity composite material hole drilling apparatus for drilling a composite material formed by laminating an aluminum plate and / or a titanium plate and a reinforced plastic plate, and cutting at the time of drilling A load cell that measures resistance values and converts them into electrical signals and outputs them, and compares the cutting resistance data measured by the load cells with saved cutting resistance limit values, and the workpiece is an aluminum plate, titanium plate, reinforced plastic It is characterized by comprising a control device for discriminating which is a plate and determining the cutting speed and feeding speed of a drill suitable for each material, and a motor for driving the drill at the determined cutting speed and feeding speed. Is a low-rigidity composite material hole drilling device.

本発明の低剛性複合材料の穴加工装置によると、CFRP板などの繊維強化プラスチック板を用いた低剛性複合材料の穴明け加工であっても、材料が穴明け加工時に変形することなく、また、穴明け不良が発生することもなく、安定した自動穴明け加工を行うことができる。   According to the low-rigidity composite material hole drilling apparatus of the present invention, even when drilling a low-rigidity composite material using a fiber reinforced plastic plate such as a CFRP plate, the material is not deformed during drilling. Thus, stable automatic drilling can be performed without causing any drilling defects.

本発明の一実施形態を示し、低剛性複合材料の穴加工装置の一部を断面とした側面図である。1 shows an embodiment of the present invention and is a side view with a cross section of a part of a low-rigidity composite material hole drilling apparatus. 同実施形態の穴加工装置を用いて低剛性複合材料に穴明け加工を施している状態を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the state which is drilling the low-rigidity composite material using the hole processing apparatus of the embodiment. アルミニウム板のトルク、切削速度、送り速度の関係を示すグラフ図である。It is a graph which shows the relationship of the torque, cutting speed, and feed rate of an aluminum plate. チタン板のトルク、切削速度、送り速度の関係を示すグラフ図である。It is a graph which shows the relationship of the torque of a titanium plate, cutting speed, and feed rate. CFRP板のトルク、切削速度、送り速度の関係を示すグラフ図である。It is a graph which shows the relationship of the torque of a CFRP board, cutting speed, and feed rate. 本発明の実施形態の穴加工装置を用いて低剛性複合材料に穴明け加工を施す際の動作順序を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the operation | movement order at the time of giving a drilling process to a low-rigidity composite material using the drilling apparatus of embodiment of this invention.

以下、本発明を添付図面に示す実施形態に基づいて更に詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

図1は本発明の低剛性複合材料の穴加工装置Aの一実施形態を、図2はその穴加工装置Aを用いて、アルミニウムやアルミニウム合金で成るアルミニウム板8、チタン板やチタン合金で成るチタン板9などの金属材料と、CFRP板(炭素繊維強化プラスチック板)などの強化プラスチック板10を積層してなる低剛性複合材料Bに穴明け加工を施している状態を夫々示す。   FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a low-rigidity composite material drilling apparatus A according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows an aluminum plate 8 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a titanium plate or a titanium alloy. A state in which drilling is performed on a low-rigidity composite material B formed by laminating a metal material such as a titanium plate 9 and a reinforced plastic plate 10 such as a CFRP plate (carbon fiber reinforced plastic plate) is shown.

図1および図2において、1は低剛性複合材料Bに直接穴明け加工を施す回転自在なドリル、2はドリル1を回転駆動させるモーター、3は穴加工時の切削抵抗値を測定して電気信号に変換して出力するロードセル、4は周囲に螺条が形成された送り軸、5は円筒状で内面に螺条が形成された送り装置、7は穴加工時にトルク変化があった時にロードセル3により測定された切削抵抗データと保存済の切削抵抗限界値を比較して被加工材がアルミニウム板、チタン板、繊維強化プラスチック板の何れであるかを判別し、夫々の材料に適したドリル1の切削速度並びに送り速度を決定する制御装置、8は穴加工装置Aを支持するフレームである。   1 and 2, 1 is a rotatable drill that directly drills a low-rigidity composite material B, 2 is a motor that drives the drill 1 to rotate, and 3 is an electric machine that measures the cutting resistance during drilling. A load cell that converts the signal into an output, 4 is a feed shaft having a thread formed around it, 5 is a cylindrical feed device having a thread formed on the inner surface, and 7 is a load cell when there is a torque change during drilling. Compare the cutting force data measured in step 3 with the saved cutting force limit value to determine whether the workpiece is an aluminum plate, a titanium plate, or a fiber reinforced plastic plate, and drills suitable for each material 1 is a control device for determining a cutting speed and a feeding speed, and 8 is a frame for supporting the hole machining apparatus A.

次に、本発明の低剛性複合材料の穴加工装置Aを用いて、アルミニウムやアルミニウム合金で成るアルミニウム板8、チタン板やチタン合金で成るチタン板9などの金属材料と、CFRP板などの強化プラスチック板10を積層してなる低剛性複合材料Bに、ロードセル3を用いて各材料の切削抵抗データを測定しながら材料毎に適した切削速度並びに送り速度に切り替え、ドリル1を駆動して低剛性複合材料Bに穴明け加工を施す方法について説明する。   Next, using the low-rigidity composite material hole drilling apparatus A of the present invention, metal materials such as aluminum plate 8 made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, titanium plate 9 made of titanium plate or titanium alloy, and reinforcement of CFRP plate or the like The low stiffness composite material B formed by laminating the plastic plates 10 is switched to a cutting speed and a feeding speed suitable for each material while measuring the cutting resistance data of each material by using the load cell 3, and the drill 1 is driven to reduce the data. A method of drilling the rigid composite material B will be described.

尚、ここで用いる低剛性複合材料Bは、ドリル1側から強化プラスチック板(CFRP板)10、チタン板9、アルミニウム板8で成る三層の低剛性複合材料Bであるが、アルミニウム板8と強化プラスチック板10で成る二層の低剛性複合材料B、チタン板9と強化プラスチック板10で成る二層の低剛性複合材料Bであっても構わないし、また、ドリル1側が強化プラスチック板10であっても良い。尚、本発明では、低剛性複合材料Bとは、CFRP板などの低剛性材料を含む複合材料のことを定義し、具体的には、剛性が100GPa以下の穴明け加工時にドリル1の圧力でたわみやすい複合材料のことを示す。   The low-rigidity composite material B used here is a three-layer low-rigidity composite material B composed of a reinforced plastic plate (CFRP plate) 10, a titanium plate 9, and an aluminum plate 8 from the drill 1 side. It may be a two-layer low-rigidity composite material B composed of a reinforced plastic plate 10 or a two-layer low-rigidity composite material B composed of a titanium plate 9 and a reinforced plastic plate 10, and the drill 1 side is a reinforced plastic plate 10 There may be. In the present invention, the low-rigidity composite material B is defined as a composite material including a low-rigidity material such as a CFRP plate. Specifically, the low-rigidity composite material B is determined by the pressure of the drill 1 during drilling with a rigidity of 100 GPa or less. Indicates a flexible composite material.

アルミニウム板8(板厚:1mm)、チタン板9(板厚:1mm)、CFRP板10(板厚:1mm)10に、従来のマシニングセンターにより穴明け加工を施した。その際にロードセル3により測定されたトルク(Nm)、切削速度(m/min)、送り速度(mm/rev)の関係を、アルミニウム板8の場合は図3、チタン板9の場合は図4、CFRP板10の場合は図5に夫々示す。夫々の材料のトルクのリミット、すなわち切削抵抗限界値は、アルミニウム板8で18Nm、チタン板9で15Nm、CFRP板10で10Nmである。これが保存済の切削抵抗限界値である。   The aluminum plate 8 (plate thickness: 1 mm), the titanium plate 9 (plate thickness: 1 mm), and the CFRP plate 10 (plate thickness: 1 mm) 10 were drilled by a conventional machining center. In this case, the relationship between the torque (Nm), cutting speed (m / min), and feed rate (mm / rev) measured by the load cell 3 is shown in FIG. 3 for the aluminum plate 8 and FIG. 4 for the titanium plate 9. The CFRP plate 10 is shown in FIG. The torque limit of each material, that is, the cutting resistance limit value is 18 Nm for the aluminum plate 8, 15 Nm for the titanium plate 9, and 10 Nm for the CFRP plate 10. This is the stored cutting resistance limit value.

このような結果から、本発明においては、切削速度が20m/min、送り速度が0.1mm/revの時のトルクが、17Nm前後の時はアルミニウム板8、15Nm前後の時はチタン板9、10Nm前後の時はCFRP板10であると判別する。   From these results, in the present invention, when the cutting speed is 20 m / min and the feed speed is 0.1 mm / rev, the aluminum plate 8 when the torque is about 17 Nm, the titanium plate 9 when the torque is about 15 Nm, When it is about 10 Nm, it is determined that the CFRP plate 10 is used.

本発明では、穴明け時にトルク変化があった際(穴明け作業開始時も同様)に、まず、ドリル1の切削速度を20m/min、送り速度を0.1mm/revに変更する。図6に示すように、その際の切削抵抗値をロードセル3により測定し、17Nm前後の時はアルミニウム板8、15Nm前後の時はチタン板9、10Nm前後の時は強化プラスチック板(CFRP板)10であると判別する。そして瞬時に、材料ごとに適した切削速度並びに送り速度に切り替える。   In the present invention, when there is a torque change at the time of drilling (same at the start of drilling work), first, the cutting speed of the drill 1 is changed to 20 m / min and the feed speed is changed to 0.1 mm / rev. As shown in FIG. 6, the cutting resistance value at that time is measured by the load cell 3, and when it is around 17 Nm, it is an aluminum plate 8, when it is around 15 Nm, it is a titanium plate 9, and when it is around 10 Nm, a reinforced plastic plate (CFRP plate). 10 is determined. And instantaneously, it switches to the cutting speed and feeding speed suitable for every material.

材料がアルミニウム板8であると判別した場合は、切削速度が40m/min、送り速度が0.1mm/revを上限とする設定に、チタン板9であると判別した場合は、切削速度が20m/rev、送り速度が0.08mm/minを上限とする設定に、CFRP板10であると判別した場合は、切削速度が30m/min、送り速度が0.1mm/revを上限とする設定に夫々変更して、低剛性複合材料に穴明け加工を施す。   When it is determined that the material is the aluminum plate 8, the cutting speed is set to 40 m / min and the feed rate is set to the upper limit of 0.1 mm / rev. / Rev, the feed rate is set to the upper limit of 0.08 mm / min, and if the CFRP plate 10 is determined, the cutting speed is set to 30 m / min and the feed rate is set to the upper limit of 0.1 mm / rev. Change each to drill holes in low-rigidity composites.

以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はもとより下記実施例によって制限を受けるものではなく、本発明の趣旨に適合し得る範囲で適宜変更を加えて実施することも可能であり、それらは何れも本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following examples, and the present invention is implemented with appropriate modifications within a range that can meet the gist of the present invention. These are all included in the technical scope of the present invention.

本発明の穴加工装置と従来からのマシニングセンターを用いて、板材に穴明け加工を施した。マシニングセンターでは、アルミニウム板(板厚:1mm)、チタン板(板厚:1mm)、CFRP板(板厚:1mm)に、夫々穴径5mmの穴明け加工を施し、また、本発明の穴加工装置とマシニングセンターを用いて、CFRP板、チタン板9を積層した二層の低剛性複合材料(各板厚:1mm)と、CFRP板、チタン板、アルミニウム板を積層した三層の低剛性複合材料(各板厚:1mm)にも、夫々穴径5mmの穴明け加工を施した。尚、ドリルは、本発明の穴加工装置とマシニングセンター共に、径5mm、長さ150mmのハイス母材コーティングドリルを用いた。   Using the hole drilling apparatus of the present invention and a conventional machining center, the plate material was drilled. In the machining center, the aluminum plate (plate thickness: 1 mm), the titanium plate (plate thickness: 1 mm), and the CFRP plate (plate thickness: 1 mm) are each drilled with a hole diameter of 5 mm. And a machining center, two layers of low-rigidity composite material (each plate thickness: 1 mm) laminated with CFRP plate and titanium plate 9, and three layers of low-rigidity composite material (CFRP plate, titanium plate, aluminum plate) Each plate thickness: 1 mm) was also drilled with a hole diameter of 5 mm. In addition, the drill used the high-speed base material coating drill of diameter 5mm and length 150mm for both the hole processing apparatus of this invention and a machining center.

ドリルが損耗して、穴明けが不能になるまでの穴明け回数を数えることで試験を実施した。尚、マシニングセンターを用いた穴明けでは、ドリルの回転数は2000rpm、切削速度は20m/min、送り速度は0.1mm/revと固定した。試験結果を表1に示す。   The test was carried out by counting the number of drilling times until the drill was worn and drilling was impossible. In the drilling using the machining center, the rotation speed of the drill was fixed at 2000 rpm, the cutting speed was 20 m / min, and the feed speed was fixed at 0.1 mm / rev. The test results are shown in Table 1.

Figure 2014172113
Figure 2014172113

従来からのマシニングセンターでは、アルミニウム板、チタン板、CFRP板の場合、12〜500回の穴明け加工を施すことができたが、二層の低剛性複合材料では9回、三層の低剛性複合材料では3回の穴明けを施しただけでドリルが損耗してしまい穴明けが不能となった。   In conventional machining centers, drilling was performed 12 to 500 times in the case of aluminum plate, titanium plate, CFRP plate, but 9 times in 3 layers of low stiffness composite material, 3 layers of low stiffness composite With the material, the drill was worn just by drilling three times, making it impossible to drill.

これに対し、本発明の穴加工装置を用いてトルク制御を行った場合、二層の低剛性複合材料で890回、三層の低剛性複合材料で570回もの穴明け加工を施すことができた。   On the other hand, when torque control is performed using the drilling device of the present invention, drilling can be performed 890 times with a two-layer low-rigidity composite material and 570 times with a three-layer low-rigidity composite material. It was.

1…ドリル
2…モーター
3…ロードセル
4…送り軸
5…送り装置
6…制御装置
7…フレーム
8…アルミニウム板
9…チタン板
10…強化プラスチック板(CFRP板)
A…穴加工装置
B…低剛性複合材料
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Drill 2 ... Motor 3 ... Load cell 4 ... Feed shaft 5 ... Feed device 6 ... Control device 7 ... Frame 8 ... Aluminum plate 9 ... Titanium plate 10 ... Reinforced plastic plate (CFRP plate)
A ... Hole drilling device B ... Low-rigidity composite material

Claims (1)

アルミニウム板および/またはチタン板と、強化プラスチック板を積層してなる複合材料に穴明け加工を施す低剛性複合材料の穴加工装置であって、
穴加工時の切削抵抗値を測定して電気信号に変換して出力するロードセルと、
前記ロードセルにより測定された切削抵抗データと保存済の切削抵抗限界値を比較して被加工材がアルミニウム板、チタン板、強化プラスチック板の何れであるかを判別し、 夫々の材料に適したドリルの切削速度並びに送り速度を決定する制御装置と、
決定した切削速度並びに送り速度でドリルを駆動するモーターを備えてなることを特徴とする低剛性複合材料の穴加工装置。
A low-rigidity composite material hole drilling device for drilling a composite material formed by laminating an aluminum plate and / or a titanium plate and a reinforced plastic plate,
A load cell that measures the cutting resistance value at the time of drilling, converts it into an electrical signal, and outputs it,
The cutting force data measured by the load cell is compared with the saved cutting force limit value to determine whether the workpiece is an aluminum plate, a titanium plate or a reinforced plastic plate, and a drill suitable for each material A control device for determining a cutting speed and a feeding speed of
A low-rigidity composite material hole drilling apparatus comprising a motor that drives a drill at a determined cutting speed and feed rate.
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