JP2014166118A - Charger for vehicle - Google Patents
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- JP2014166118A JP2014166118A JP2013038180A JP2013038180A JP2014166118A JP 2014166118 A JP2014166118 A JP 2014166118A JP 2013038180 A JP2013038180 A JP 2013038180A JP 2013038180 A JP2013038180 A JP 2013038180A JP 2014166118 A JP2014166118 A JP 2014166118A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、車両に流れる充電電流を制御する充電制御部を備えた車両用充電装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a vehicle charging device including a charging control unit that controls a charging current flowing in a vehicle.
車両用充電装置の内部にＣＰＬＴ回路を内蔵した「モード３」型の車両用充電装置は、充電自動車との間でＣＰＬＴ信号と呼ばれる充電制御信号による通信により行い、充電自動車に充電コネクタを接続後、充電自動車への充電が自動的に開始される。 A "mode 3" type vehicle charging device with a built-in CPLT circuit inside the vehicle charging device performs communication with a charging vehicle by a charging control signal called a CPLT signal, and after the charging connector is connected to the charging vehicle The charging of the charging car is automatically started.
「モード３」型の車両用充電装置は、その仕様に応じた許容電流値の情報を充電自動車に与え、充電自動車は、その許容電流値の範囲内で車載電池への充電を行う。充電開始直後は定電流にて充電し、充電満了が近くなると定電圧による充電が行われて充電が完了する方式が取られている（特許文献１）。 The “mode 3” type vehicle charging device gives information on the allowable current value according to the specification to the charging vehicle, and the charging vehicle charges the vehicle battery within the range of the allowable current value. A method is used in which charging is performed at a constant current immediately after the start of charging, and charging is performed at a constant voltage when charging is nearing completion (Patent Document 1).
充電時における充電電流の許容値は、車両用充電装置に設置されている充電ケーブルの容量等により定められている。このために車両用充電装置には充電電路の電流値を検出し、許容値を超える過大な電流が流れたときに充電電路を遮断するブレーカを設け、充電ケーブル等の損傷を防止している。 The allowable value of the charging current at the time of charging is determined by the capacity of the charging cable installed in the vehicle charging device. For this reason, the charging device for the vehicle detects the current value of the charging circuit, and is provided with a breaker that cuts off the charging circuit when an excessive current exceeding the allowable value flows, thereby preventing damage to the charging cable and the like.
また、充電自動車の充電は、外部電源から幹線盤に引き込まれた母線を複数に分岐させた分岐線を介して行われるため、他の分岐線から電力供給を行っている一般負荷（充電自動車以外の負荷）の電力使用量が増加し、充電自動車の充電に使用される充電電力との合計値が契約電力を上回る恐れがある場合には、充電装置側の充電制御部でＣＰＬＴ信号のデューティ比を制御して充電電流値を下げる制御が行われている。 Charging vehicles are charged via a branch line that branches the bus drawn from the external power source into the main board, so that the general load (other than the charging vehicle) that supplies power from other branch lines is used. Power consumption of the charging device) and the total value of the charging power used for charging the charging vehicle may exceed the contracted power, the duty ratio of the CPLT signal in the charging control unit on the charging device side Control is performed to control the charging current value to decrease.
しかし、充電ケーブル内には、電源線に隣接して信号線が配置されているため、実際に充電自動車に流れる充電電流にノイズがのってひずみが生じるケースもある。その結果、実際に充電ケーブル内を流れる充電電流と、充電装置側の充電制御部で決定された設定電流値との間に計測ズレが生じ、特に、充電電流が設定電流を超過している場合、実際の電力使用量が契約電流を超過して主幹ブレーカが遮断され、予期せぬ停電の原因となる問題があった。 However, since the signal line is arranged adjacent to the power supply line in the charging cable, there is a case where noise is added to the charging current actually flowing in the charging vehicle and distortion occurs. As a result, measurement deviation occurs between the charging current that actually flows in the charging cable and the set current value determined by the charging control unit on the charging device side, especially when the charging current exceeds the set current. The actual power consumption exceeded the contract current and the main breaker was cut off, causing an unexpected power outage.
本発明の目的は上記した従来の問題点を解決し、実際に充電ケーブル内を流れる電流の充電電流と、充電装置側の充電制御部で決定された設定電流値とのズレに起因する予期せぬ停電を回避できる車両用充電装置を提供することである。 The object of the present invention is to solve the above-described conventional problems, and is expected due to a deviation between the charging current of the current actually flowing in the charging cable and the set current value determined by the charging control unit on the charging device side. It is providing the vehicle charging device which can avoid a power failure.
上記課題を解決するためになされた本発明の車両用充電装置は、充電ケーブルを介して充電自動車に充電を行う車両用充電装置であって、充電ケーブルに流れる充電電流を計測する電流計測手段と、車両に流れる充電電流を制御する充電制御部を有し、この充電制御部は、充電自動車の充電に使用する設定電流値を決定する充電電流設定部と、充電自動車に設定電流値の情報をパルス信号によって出力するパルス出力回路と、電流計測手段で計測された計測電流値と設定電流値とを比較する電流比較部と、計測電流値と設定電流値が一致するようにパルス信号のデューティ比をフィードバック制御するデューティ比調整機構を備えることを特徴とするものである。 The vehicle charging device of the present invention made to solve the above problems is a vehicle charging device that charges a charging vehicle via a charging cable, and a current measuring unit that measures a charging current flowing through the charging cable; The charging control unit controls the charging current flowing through the vehicle. The charging control unit includes a charging current setting unit for determining a setting current value used for charging the charging vehicle, and information on the setting current value for the charging vehicle. A pulse output circuit that outputs a pulse signal, a current comparator that compares the measured current value measured by the current measuring means with the set current value, and the duty ratio of the pulse signal so that the measured current value and the set current value match. And a duty ratio adjusting mechanism for feedback control.
請求項２記載の発明は、請求項１記載の車両用充電装置において、電流比較部は、計測電流値と設定電流値との比較を所定時間ごとに、繰り返し行うことを特徴とするものである。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the vehicle charging device according to the first aspect, the current comparison unit repeatedly performs a comparison between the measured current value and the set current value every predetermined time. .
本発明の車両用充電装置は、充電ケーブルに流れる充電電流を電流計測手段で計測し、計測された計測電流値と、電流計測前に予め設定されていた設定電流値を比較し、計測電流値と設定電流値が一致するようにパルス信号のデューティ比をフィードバック制御する。すなわち、本発明の車両用充電装置では、設定電流値以上の電流が充電ケーブルに流れた場合には、計測電流値を下げて設定電流値に近づける制御が行われるため、実際の電力使用量が契約電流を超過したことに起因した予期せぬ停電を回避することができる。 The vehicle charging device of the present invention measures the charging current flowing through the charging cable by the current measuring means, compares the measured current value with the set current value set in advance before the current measurement, and measures the measured current value. And the duty ratio of the pulse signal are feedback-controlled so that the set current value matches. That is, in the vehicular charging device of the present invention, when a current equal to or greater than the set current value flows through the charging cable, control is performed to reduce the measured current value to approach the set current value. An unexpected power failure caused by exceeding the contract current can be avoided.
特に、複数台の車両を充電することができる車両用充電装置では、設定電流値に対する超過分が、複数台分累積するため、主幹ブレーカの遮断に繋がる超過電流の問題が顕在化しやすいところ、本発明によれば、当該問題を効果的に回避することができる。 In particular, in a vehicular charging device that can charge multiple vehicles, the excess for the set current value accumulates for multiple vehicles, so the problem of excess current that leads to shutoff of the main breaker is likely to become obvious. According to the invention, the problem can be effectively avoided.
請求項２記載の発明のように、計測電流値と設定電流値との比較を所定時間ごとに、繰り返し行うことにより、設定電流値に対する超過分が大きくなる前に電流値を調整し、主幹ブレーカの遮断に繋がる超過電流の発生を確実に回避することができる。 According to the second aspect of the present invention, the measured current value and the set current value are repeatedly compared at predetermined time intervals so as to adjust the current value before the excess with respect to the set current value becomes large. It is possible to reliably avoid the occurrence of excess current that leads to interruption of the power.
図１は本発明の実施形態を示すブロック図であり、破線で囲んだ１が車両用充電装置、２が充電自動車、３が充電ケーブル、４は充電自動車２の車載電池、５は充電自動車２の車両側制御回路である。この実施形態では充電自動車２はモード２型の車両（車両内にＣＰＬＴ信号による通信をやり取りする回路を有するもの）として図示されている。交流電源６から供給される電力は、充電電路８から充電ケーブル３を介して充電自動車２の車載電池４に供給され充電を行う。この充電電路８には通電をオンオフするためのリレー（電磁接触器）９が設けられており、以下に説明する車両に流れる充電電流を制御する充電制御部１０により充電電流のオンオフが制御される。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a vehicle charging device, 2 is a charging vehicle, 3 is a charging cable, 4 is a vehicle battery of the charging vehicle 2, and 5 is a charging vehicle 2. This is a vehicle side control circuit. In this embodiment, the charging vehicle 2 is illustrated as a mode 2 type vehicle (having a circuit for exchanging communication using a CPLT signal in the vehicle). The electric power supplied from the AC power source 6 is supplied from the charging electric path 8 to the in-vehicle battery 4 of the charging vehicle 2 through the charging cable 3 to perform charging. This charging circuit 8 is provided with a relay (electromagnetic contactor) 9 for turning on / off the current, and the on / off of the charging current is controlled by the charging control unit 10 that controls the charging current flowing through the vehicle, which will be described below. .
まず本発明の前提となる車両用充電装置１と充電自動車２との間の充電制御信号のやり取りについて説明する。 First, the exchange of charge control signals between the vehicle charging device 1 and the charging vehicle 2 which is the premise of the present invention will be described.
図２に示すように、充電制御部１０はパルス出力回路１２を備え、車両側制御回路５との間で充電制御信号（ＣＰＬＴ）をやり取りする。パルス出力回路１２は初期値として予め定められたデューティ比（パルス幅）の充電制御信号を発振する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the charging control unit 10 includes a pulse output circuit 12 and exchanges a charging control signal (CPLT) with the vehicle-side control circuit 5. The pulse output circuit 12 oscillates a charge control signal having a predetermined duty ratio (pulse width) as an initial value.
充電制御信号のデューティ比の初期値は、充電制御部１０の充電電流設定部１１において、充電ケーブル３の種類や、車両用充電装置で使用可能な最大許容電流等の情報に基づいて予め定められている。 The initial value of the duty ratio of the charging control signal is determined in advance in the charging current setting unit 11 of the charging control unit 10 based on information such as the type of the charging cable 3 and the maximum allowable current that can be used in the vehicle charging device. ing.
充電ケーブル３を自動車に接続していない状態における充電制御端子１３の電圧は、抵抗Ｒ１によって１２Ｖに調整されているが、充電ケーブル３を充電自動車２に接続すると車両側制御回路５に内蔵されている抵抗Ｒ２が抵抗Ｒ１と直列に接続されることから分圧され、充電制御端子１３の電圧は９Ｖに低下する。 The voltage of the charging control terminal 13 in a state where the charging cable 3 is not connected to the vehicle is adjusted to 12V by the resistor R1, but when the charging cable 3 is connected to the charging vehicle 2, it is built in the vehicle-side control circuit 5. Since the resistor R2 is connected in series with the resistor R1, the voltage is divided, and the voltage of the charging control terminal 13 is reduced to 9V.
充電制御部１０の車両接続検出部７が、接続車両をモード２の充電自動車であると識別したときには、パルス出力回路１２から発振される電圧は発振器を発振させて９Ｖに調整され、充電自動車２側に９Ｖの充電制御信号が入力されると、車両側制御回路５に内蔵された充電許可スイッチ５ａがオンとなる。その結果、充電制御信号の電圧は車両側制御回路５に内蔵されている別の抵抗Ｒ３によって分圧されて充電制御端子１３の電圧は６Ｖ発振となり、受電準備完了となる。この状態において充電制御部１０は図１に示すリレー９にオン信号を出力し、充電が開始される。なおパルスの周波数、電圧やデューティ比は規格化されている。 When the vehicle connection detection unit 7 of the charging control unit 10 identifies the connected vehicle as a mode 2 charging vehicle, the voltage oscillated from the pulse output circuit 12 is adjusted to 9 V by oscillating the oscillator, and the charging vehicle 2 When a charging control signal of 9V is input to the vehicle side, the charging permission switch 5a built in the vehicle side control circuit 5 is turned on. As a result, the voltage of the charge control signal is divided by another resistor R3 built in the vehicle-side control circuit 5, the voltage of the charge control terminal 13 becomes 6V oscillation, and power reception preparation is completed. In this state, the charging control unit 10 outputs an ON signal to the relay 9 shown in FIG. 1, and charging is started. The pulse frequency, voltage, and duty ratio are standardized.
上記した充電制御信号のデューティ比（パルス幅）は、図２に示す充電制御部１０の充電電流制御部１５のデューティ比調整機構によって変更可能である。デューティ比（パルス幅／パルス周期）が大きいほど大きな充電電流が供給可能であることを意味する。このため充電自動車２の車両側制御回路５は、車両用充電装置１から出力される充電制御信号のデューティ比を読み取り、デューティ比に対応する充電電流の範囲内で、搭載した蓄電池への充電電流を制御する。換言すれば、充電自動車２は充電ケーブル３を介して車両用充電装置１との間で通信される充電制御信号のデューティ比が大きい車両用充電装置１に対しては充電電流の最大値を大きな電流値として充電を制御することができるが、デューティ比が小さい車両用充電装置１に対しては、充電電流の最大値は小さな電流値として充電を制御することとなる。このようにして、充電制御信号のデューティ比により車両用充電装置１の許容電流値の情報が充電自動車２側に送られる。 The duty ratio (pulse width) of the above-described charging control signal can be changed by the duty ratio adjusting mechanism of the charging current control unit 15 of the charging control unit 10 shown in FIG. A larger duty ratio (pulse width / pulse period) means that a larger charging current can be supplied. For this reason, the vehicle-side control circuit 5 of the charging vehicle 2 reads the duty ratio of the charging control signal output from the vehicle charging device 1, and charges the mounted storage battery within the range of the charging current corresponding to the duty ratio. To control. In other words, the charging vehicle 2 increases the maximum charging current for the vehicular charging device 1 having a large duty ratio of the charging control signal communicated with the vehicular charging device 1 via the charging cable 3. Although charging can be controlled as a current value, for the vehicular charging apparatus 1 having a small duty ratio, charging is controlled with a maximum charging current as a small current value. In this manner, information on the allowable current value of the vehicle charging device 1 is sent to the charging vehicle 2 side according to the duty ratio of the charging control signal.
車両側制御回路５は、この許容電流値の範囲内で充電が行われるように充電電流を制御する。車両側制御回路５は一定時間間隔でデューティ比を検知し、充電電流を制御する。また充電制御部１０は充電電路８を流れる電流値を検出するＣＴ１６を備えており、所定値以上の電流を検出しないときにはリレー５をオフとして充電を停止する。なお、操作者が充電ケーブル３と充電自動車側の充電コネクタとの間のロックを解除した場合にはスイッチでロック解除を検出し、充電制御端子１３の電圧を１２Ｖとして充電を停止させる。 The vehicle-side control circuit 5 controls the charging current so that charging is performed within the allowable current value range. The vehicle-side control circuit 5 detects the duty ratio at regular time intervals and controls the charging current. Further, the charging control unit 10 includes a CT 16 that detects a current value flowing through the charging electric path 8. When no current exceeding a predetermined value is detected, the relay 5 is turned off to stop charging. When the operator releases the lock between the charging cable 3 and the charging connector on the charging vehicle, the switch detects the unlocking and stops the charging by setting the voltage of the charging control terminal 13 to 12V.
以下に本発明の特徴的部分を説明する。 The characteristic part of this invention is demonstrated below.
上記のように、パルス出力回路１２は初期値として予め定められたデューティ比（パルス幅）の充電制御信号を発振し、充電自動車２の車両側制御回路５は、車両用充電装置１から出力される充電制御信号のデューティ比を読み取り、デューティ比に対応する充電電流の範囲内で、搭載した蓄電池への充電電流を制御するが、充電ケーブル３に流れる電流は、他の充電装置が接続された際のノイズ、ひずみなどにより、デューティ比に対応する充電電流とは異なる場合がある。本発明は、図３のフローに示すように、充電ケーブル３に流れる充電電流を電流計測手段１６で計測し、計測された計測電流値と、充電制御信号のデューティ比の初期値として予め設定されていた設定電流値を比較し、計測電流値と設定電流値が一致するようにパルス信号のデューティ比をフィードバック制御するものである。 As described above, the pulse output circuit 12 oscillates a charging control signal having a predetermined duty ratio (pulse width) as an initial value, and the vehicle-side control circuit 5 of the charging vehicle 2 is output from the vehicle charging device 1. The charge control signal is read and the charge current to the mounted storage battery is controlled within the range of the charge current corresponding to the duty ratio. The current flowing through the charging cable 3 is connected to another charging device. The charging current corresponding to the duty ratio may be different due to noise and distortion at the time. In the present invention, as shown in the flow of FIG. 3, the charging current flowing through the charging cable 3 is measured by the current measuring means 16, and the measured current value and the initial value of the duty ratio of the charging control signal are preset. The set current value that has been set is compared, and the duty ratio of the pulse signal is feedback controlled so that the measured current value and the set current value match.
図１、図２に示すように、本発明の車両用充電装置１の内部には、充電ケーブル３に流れる充電電流を計測する電流計測手段としてＣＴ１６を備えている。ＣＴ１６で計測された計測電流値は、電流検出部１７でデジタル信号に変換されて電流比較部１８に入力される。なお、本実施形態の電流計測手段としてＣＴ１６として説明したものであるがこの測定方法に限定するものではない。 As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a CT 16 is provided inside the vehicle charging device 1 of the present invention as current measuring means for measuring the charging current flowing through the charging cable 3. The measured current value measured by the CT 16 is converted into a digital signal by the current detection unit 17 and input to the current comparison unit 18. In addition, although it demonstrated as CT16 as an electric current measurement means of this embodiment, it is not limited to this measuring method.
電流比較部１８では、ＣＴ１６で計測された計測電流値と、予め設定されていた設定電流値の比較が行われる。電流比較部１８は、計測電流値と設定電流値が一致するようにパルス信号のデューティ比をフィードバック制御するデューティ比調整機構を備えており、例えば、図４に示すように、計測電流値が設定電流値よりも大きい場合には、充電電流制御部１５のデューティ比調整機構が、パルス周期におけるパルス幅の間隔を小さくし、パルス信号のデューティ比を小さくする制御を行う。一方、計測電流値が設定電流値よりも小さい場合には、超過電流に起因した主幹ブレーカの遮断の危険性はないが、安定した計測電流値を維持するために、パルス信号のデューティ比を大きくする制御を行うことも可能である。なお、計測電流値と設定電流値を一致する制御として、計測電流値が設定電流値の所定範囲内になるように制御をするようなものであっても良い。 The current comparator 18 compares the measured current value measured by the CT 16 with a preset current value set in advance. The current comparison unit 18 includes a duty ratio adjustment mechanism that feedback controls the duty ratio of the pulse signal so that the measured current value matches the set current value. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the measured current value is set. When the current value is larger than the current value, the duty ratio adjusting mechanism of the charging current control unit 15 performs control to reduce the interval of the pulse width in the pulse period and to reduce the duty ratio of the pulse signal. On the other hand, if the measured current value is smaller than the set current value, there is no risk of shutting off the main breaker due to excess current, but to maintain a stable measured current value, increase the duty ratio of the pulse signal. It is also possible to perform control. Note that, as control for matching the measured current value and the set current value, control may be performed so that the measured current value falls within a predetermined range of the set current value.
電流比較部における上記の制御は、例えば１０分ごと等の所定時間ごとに、繰り返し行うことにより、設定電流値に対する超過分が大きくなる前に電流値を調整し、主幹ブレーカの遮断に繋がる超過電流の発生を確実に回避することができる。 The above control in the current comparison unit is repeatedly performed at predetermined time intervals such as every 10 minutes, for example, to adjust the current value before the excess with respect to the set current value becomes large, and the excess current that leads to the interruption of the main breaker Can be reliably avoided.
以上に説明したように、本発明の車両用充電装置は、設定電流値以上の電流が充電ケーブルに流れた場合には、計測電流値を下げて設定電流値に近づける制御が行われるため、実際の電力使用量が契約電流を超過したことに起因した予期せぬ停電を回避することができるという利点がある。 As described above, in the vehicle charging device of the present invention, when current equal to or greater than the set current value flows through the charging cable, control is performed to reduce the measured current value to approach the set current value. There is an advantage that it is possible to avoid an unexpected power outage caused by exceeding the contract current.
１ 車両用充電装置
２ 充電自動車
３ 充電ケーブル
４ 車載電池
５ 車両側制御回路
６ 交流電源
７ 車両接続検出部
８ 充電電路
９ リレー
１０ 充電制御部
１１ 充電電流設定部
１２ パルス出力回路
１３ 充電制御端子
１５ 充電電流制御部
１６ ＣＴ
１７ 電流検出部
１８ 電流比較部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vehicle charging device 2 Charging vehicle 3 Charging cable 4 Vehicle-mounted battery 5 Vehicle side control circuit 6 AC power supply 7 Vehicle connection detection part 8 Charging electric circuit 9 Relay 10 Charging control part 11 Charging current setting part 12 Pulse output circuit 13 Charging control terminal 15 Charging current control unit 16 CT
17 Current detector 18 Current comparator
Claims (2)
この充電制御部は、
充電自動車の充電に使用する設定電流値を決定する充電電流設定部と、
充電自動車に設定電流値の情報をパルス信号によって出力するパルス出力回路と、
電流計測手段で計測された計測電流値と、設定電流値とを比較する電流比較部と、
計測電流値と設定電流値が一致するようにパルス信号のデューティ比をフィードバック制御するデューティ比調整機構を備えることを特徴とする車両用充電装置。 A charging device for a vehicle that charges a charging vehicle via a charging cable, having a current measuring means for measuring a charging current flowing through the charging cable, and a charging control unit for controlling the charging current flowing through the vehicle,
This charging control unit
A charging current setting unit for determining a setting current value used for charging the charging vehicle;
A pulse output circuit that outputs information of a set current value to the charging vehicle by a pulse signal;
A current comparator that compares the measured current value measured by the current measuring means with the set current value;
A vehicle charging device comprising a duty ratio adjustment mechanism that feedback-controls a duty ratio of a pulse signal so that a measured current value matches a set current value.
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