JP2014150796A - Method for producing meat extract - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method which can extract a meat extract from a raw material in a high yield, and can efficiently produce the meat extract having superior flavor.SOLUTION: The method for producing the meat extract comprises the steps of: adding an extraction medium to a raw material containing meat or bone of an animal; then subjecting the resultant material to heat extraction treatment under a pressurizing condition; cooling the material until the pressure becomes normal; and subjecting the material to heat extraction treatment under a pressurizing condition again.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a meat extract having a high yield from raw materials and excellent flavor.

A livestock meat extract is an amino acid, protein, nucleic acid, obtained by bringing a raw material containing muscle tissue or bone tissue of livestock into contact with an extraction medium and performing an extraction treatment such as heating, pressurization, enzymatic degradation, acid degradation, It is an extract containing flavor components such as inorganic acids and organic acids, and is widely used in the food field.
When producing a livestock meat extract on a small scale, it is often heat-treated under normal pressure conditions, but it takes time to produce because the extraction efficiency is not high. For this reason, it is not suitable for production on an industrial scale.

  Therefore, in industrial production, extraction is often performed under pressure using a pressure kettle or the like. However, if the temperature of heating extraction is increased or the time is lengthened in order to increase the extraction efficiency, the flavor components are lost, the taste and unpleasant odor are generated by extracting unnecessary components, and the flavor is lowered. Sometimes.

Addition of sugars such as protein hydrolyzate, yeast extract, and fructose (see Patent Document 1) may be performed to compensate for the declining flavor, but when these additives are added, the amount of addition is also However, it may be different from the natural flavor.
For this reason, development of the method which can manufacture a meat extract efficiently with a high extraction yield, without reducing a flavor is desired.

  JP 2000-125805 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of efficiently producing a meat extract having a high yield from raw materials and excellent flavor.

The present invention is a process of adding an extraction medium to a raw material containing animal meat or bone, followed by heat extraction under pressure, cooling to normal pressure, and again performing heat extraction under pressure It is related with the manufacturing method of the livestock meat extract characterized by including.
About.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the method from which the yield from a raw material is high and can produce efficiently the livestock meat extract excellent in flavor can be provided.

The animal meat extract in the present invention refers to an extract obtained by adding an extraction medium to a raw material containing animal meat or bone and extracting the components in the raw material into the extraction medium.
The animal used in the present invention may be any animal, but cattle, pigs, or birds are preferably used. As a raw material, any part of bone or meat may be used, but it is preferable to use at least bone. One kind of animal may be used, and two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.

Extraction from the raw material is performed using an extraction medium such as an aqueous medium or an organic solvent, and an aqueous medium is preferably used.
Examples of the aqueous medium include water and an aqueous inorganic salt solution. Examples of inorganic salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and the like.

As the organic solvent, ethanol is preferably used from the viewpoint of use in foods and drinks. The ethanol may be water-containing ethanol, preferably having a water content of 10 to 90% (v / v).
As the apparatus used for extraction from the raw material, any apparatus may be used as long as it can extract proteins, peptides, other taste components and the like from the raw material under pressurized conditions. For example, a heating device such as a pressure kettle can be used.

The quantity ratio between the raw material and the extraction medium is not particularly limited, and any quantity ratio may be used as long as it is normally used when extracting a livestock meat extract from animal bones and meat.
The heat extraction treatment under pressure conditions (hereinafter also referred to as pressure heat extraction treatment) performed after adding the extraction medium to the raw material may be carried out at any temperature as long as the pressure conditions are satisfied, but usually 100 -150 degreeC, Preferably it is 105-130 degreeC, More preferably, it carries out at 105-120 degreeC.

Although the pressure in a pressurization heating extraction process is not specifically limited, Usually, 0.101-0.5MPa (megapascal), Preferably it is 0.105-0.2MPa, More preferably, it is 0.12-0.2MPa.
The time for the pressure and heat extraction treatment is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 12 hours, preferably 1 to 6 hours, and more preferably 1 to 3 hours.

After performing the pressure heating extraction process, it is cooled until it reaches normal pressure (0.1 MPa). The cooling method may be any method such as natural cooling or cooling using a refrigerant. The state of the normal pressure may be maintained as necessary, and may be subjected to the pressure heating extraction process again immediately after the normal pressure is reached.
When the normal pressure state is maintained, the temperature and time are not particularly limited, but for example, 30 to 99 ° C, more preferably 45 to 95 ° C, still more preferably 50 to 85 ° C, preferably 0.5 to 24 hours, Is held for 0.5 to 12 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 6 hours.

The conditions of the pressure heating extraction process performed again after setting to the normal pressure state may be the same as or different from the conditions of the first pressure heating extraction process as long as they are within the range of the pressure heating extraction process described above. .
The extract obtained by these pressure heating extraction operations can be used as it is as the meat extract of the present invention, but if necessary, cake filtration, clarification filtration, centrifugal filtration, filter press, sedimentation separation, centrifugal sedimentation, An extract can be obtained by a solid-liquid separation method such as compression separation, shifter separation, or strainer separation, and used as the animal meat extract of the present invention.

The livestock meat extract of the present invention may be an emulsified livestock meat extract (hereinafter referred to as white water soup), if necessary. Shirayu soup can be prepared, for example, by the following method.
The extract obtained by the pressure heating extraction treatment is subjected to solid-liquid separation to prepare an extract. The extract is separated into an upper layer and a lower layer by standing or centrifuging, and each is obtained as an oil phase and an aqueous phase. The aqueous phase may be used as it is for the production of the white hot water soup of the present invention, but may further be used after being concentrated by a method such as heat concentration, freeze concentration, reverse osmosis membrane concentration, or vacuum concentration.

  Add oil and fat to the water phase and mix. By further emulsifying the obtained mixed solution using a stirring homomixer, a high-pressure homogenizer, a rotary colloid mill, an ultrasonic generator, a botator, or the like, preferably a stirring homomixer or a high-pressure homogenizer. Shirayu soup can be manufactured.

  Fats and oils added to the aqueous phase include bone oil, pork fat, chicken oil, beef tallow, milk fat and other animal fats, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, palm oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, palm kernel oil, safflower Examples thereof include vegetable oils such as oil, sesame oil and cottonseed oil, preferably animal fats and oils, more preferably bone oils. Moreover, you may use the oil phase obtained by isolate | separating from a livestock meat extract from a water phase as fats and oils.

The amount of fat added to the aqueous phase is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 60% (v / v), preferably 1 to 50% (v / v), more preferably 5 to 40% in white hot water soup. % (V / v) is added.
The emulsification may be performed under any conditions as long as the mixture of the aqueous phase and the oil and fat can be emulsified. The conditions vary depending on the apparatus to be used. For example, while maintaining a mixture of an aqueous phase and an oil and fat at 30 to 100 ° C., preferably 40 to 70 ° C., in the case of a stirring homomixer, 1,000 to 10,000 rpm. In the case of a high-pressure homogenizer for 10 minutes to 8 hours, the emulsification treatment is performed at a pressure of 10 to 40 MPa for 10 minutes to 8 hours.

The animal meat extract of the present invention may contain various additives that can be used for foods and drinks such as inorganic salts, acids, amino acids, nucleic acids, sugars, seasonings, spices and the like as necessary.
Examples of inorganic salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and the like. Examples of the acid include ascorbic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, carboxylic acid such as lactic acid, acetic acid and fatty acid, and salts thereof. Examples of the salt include sodium salt and potassium salt. Examples of amino acids include sodium glutamate and glycine. Examples of the nucleic acid include sodium inosinate and sodium guanylate. Examples of the saccharide include sucrose, glucose, lactose, and fructose. Examples of the seasoning include natural seasonings such as soy sauce, miso, vegetables, and seafood extracts, and examples of the spice include various spices. These amounts used are appropriately set according to the purpose of use.

Although the meat extract of the present invention may be filled in a container as it is, it is preferable to heat sterilize and fill the container.
Examples of the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
(1) 0.75 kg of beef fistbone and 5 kg of tap water previously cut to about 10 cm are charged into a 10 L stainless beaker and placed in a high-pressure steam sterilizer (manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd.). (0.16 to 0.18 MPa, the same shall apply hereinafter) for heat extraction (at 115 ° C. for 120 minutes). After the pressure heating extraction treatment, the mixture was cooled to normal pressure. After reaching 60 ° C., the same treatment as the previous pressure heating extraction treatment was performed again (temperature and time are the same).
After the pressure and heat extraction treatment, the mixture was cooled to normal pressure, the contents of the high-pressure steam sterilizer were taken out, allowed to stand, and separated into an upper layer and a lower layer. The lower layer was extracted and collected, and the lower layer was filtered through a 100-mesh sieve to remove solids such as bone to obtain an extract 1. The solid content of Extract 1 was measured and found to be 3.0%.

(2) In the extraction operation of (1), instead of performing the pressure heating extraction process for 120 minutes twice with the operation of returning to normal pressure, the pressure heating extraction process for 240 minutes is performed once in succession. Except that, extract 2 was obtained in the same manner. The solid content of Extract 2 was measured and found to be 2.0%.

  Extracts 1 and 2 were each concentrated by an evaporator until the solid content was 9%. As a result, the yield of the concentrated liquid (concentrated liquid 2) of the extract 2 obtained by performing the pressure and heat extraction treatment continuously for 240 minutes was about 1.1 kg, whereas the pressure and heat extraction for 120 minutes. The yield of the concentrate 1 (concentrate 1) obtained by performing the treatment twice with the operation of returning to normal pressure is about 1.5 kg, which is about 1.4 times that of the concentrate 2. there were.

(3) The concentrates 1 and 2 obtained in (2) were each diluted 3-fold to prepare beef bone soup. The beef bone soup was kept at 60 ° C., and 10 panelists evaluated “richness”, “gelatin feeling” and “preference (preference) as beef bone soup”.
The evaluation was performed by a seven-level scoring method. When the evaluation was low, the score was low, and when the evaluation was high, the score was high. Table 1 shows the average score of each item.

  As shown in Table 1, beef bone soup obtained by using a concentrated solution (concentrated solution 1) of extract 1 obtained by performing a pressurizing and heating extraction treatment for 120 minutes twice with a return operation to normal pressure. Is the same solid content as compared with the beef bone soup obtained by using the concentrate 2 of the extract 2 (concentrate 2) obtained by performing the pressure heating extraction process continuously for 240 minutes. It was significantly superior in richness, gelatin feeling and palatability.

Example 2
0.9 kg of Extract 1 prepared in Example 1 and 0.1 kg of beef bone oil (Zenmi Foods) were subjected to a high pressure homogenizer (SMT) and emulsified at 10 MPa.
The obtained solution was put into a 1 L-volume retort bag and subjected to retort sterilization at 122 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain retort-sterilized white hot water soup.

Claims (1)

  It includes a step of adding an extraction medium to a raw material containing animal meat or bone, followed by heat extraction under pressure, cooling to normal pressure, and heat extraction under pressure again. To produce livestock meat extract.