JP2014149504A - Antiglare film, polarizing plate, liquid crystal panel and image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antiglare film, a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal panel and an image display device, in which antiglare property can be obtained to such a degree that reflection barely causes troubles, and good antidazzle property and good black color feeling can be obtained.SOLUTION: One embodiment presents an antiglare film 10 including a light-transmitting substrate 11 and an antiglare layer 12 disposed on the light-transmitting substrate 11, in which the surface of the antiglare layer 12 is formed into a rugged surface 12A. The antiglare layer 12 contains a binder resin 16 and a plurality of first inorganic particulate aggregate 13 comprising aggregation of three or more inorganic fine particles; and the first inorganic particulate aggregate 13 is formed by linkage of the inorganic fine particles and includes a bend portion 13A having an inside region 13B filled with the binder resin 16.

Description

  The present invention relates to an antiglare film, a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal panel, and an image display device.

  An image display surface in an image display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a cathode ray tube display device (CRT), a plasma display (PDP), an electroluminescence display (ELD), a field emission display (FED) or the like is usually an observer and In order to suppress reflection of an observer's background or the like, an antiglare film having irregularities on the surface and an antireflection film having an antireflection layer on the outermost surface are provided (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  The antiglare film mainly includes a light-transmitting base material and an antiglare layer having an uneven surface provided on the light-transmitting base material. The antiglare film suppresses reflection of the observer and the background of the observer by scattering external light on the uneven surface of the antiglare layer.

  Some anti-glare films have an anti-glare property that prevents reflection. However, not only the anti-glare film with almost no reflection, but also the anti-glare film having an anti-glare property that does not bother the reflection is disposed on the surface of the image display device, the uneven surface of the anti-glare layer There is a possibility that the image light is scattered and so-called glare occurs. In order to prevent the occurrence of glare, it has been proposed to increase the haze. However, if the haze is increased, the occurrence of glare can be prevented, but the contrast may be lowered.

  In addition, currently, anti-glare films have a performance that combines excellent contrast and dynamism when displaying a movie (for example, the hair of a person displayed in an image in the case of a youth scene under a blue sky). Is black with a smooth feeling, moist black, and the skin has a gloss that is unique to the youth and looks vibrant.

JP 2011-215515 A

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems. That is, an anti-glare film, a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal panel, and an image display device that can obtain an anti-glare property that does not bother the reflection, and that can provide a good anti-glare property and a good black feeling. The purpose is to provide.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, an antiglare film comprising a light transmissive substrate and an antiglare layer provided on the light transmissive substrate, wherein the surface of the antiglare layer is an uneven surface. The antiglare layer includes a binder resin and a plurality of first inorganic fine particle aggregates that are present in the binder resin and aggregated with three or more inorganic fine particles. The inorganic fine particle aggregate is provided with an antiglare film which is formed by the inorganic fine particles being continuous and includes a bent portion having an inner region filled with the binder resin.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, the above-described anti-glare film and polarized light formed on the surface of the light-transmitting substrate of the anti-glare film opposite to the surface on which the anti-glare layer is formed. There is provided a polarizing plate comprising a child.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display panel comprising the above antiglare film or the above polarizing plate.

  According to the other aspect of this invention, an image display apparatus provided with said anti-glare film or said polarizing plate is provided.

  According to the antiglare film of one embodiment of the present invention and the polarizing plate, liquid crystal panel, and image display device of another embodiment, the antiglare layer is present in the binder resin and the binder resin, and three A plurality of first inorganic fine particle aggregates in which the inorganic fine particles are aggregated, wherein the first inorganic fine particle aggregates are formed by connecting the inorganic fine particles and filled with the binder resin. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an antiglare property that does not bother the reflection, and to obtain a good glare prevention property and a good black feeling.

It is a schematic block diagram of the anti-glare film which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is the figure which expanded a part of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the polarizing plate which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram of the liquid crystal panel which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram of the liquid crystal display which is an example of the image display apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram of the other anti-glare film which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is the figure which expanded a part of FIG. It is a cross-sectional photograph of the anti-glare film based on Example 1 image | photographed using the scanning transmission electron microscope function of a scanning electron microscope. It is a cross-sectional photograph of the anti-glare film which concerns on Example 1 which image | photographed using the scanning transmission electron microscope function of a scanning electron microscope, raising magnification from FIG. It is a cross-sectional photograph of the anti-glare film which concerns on Example 2 image | photographed using the scanning transmission electron microscope function of a scanning electron microscope. It is a cross-sectional photograph of the anti-glare film based on Example 2 which image | photographed using the scanning transmission electron microscope function of a scanning electron microscope, raising magnification from FIG.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, an antiglare film and the like according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, in the present specification, terms such as “film”, “sheet”, and “plate” are not distinguished from each other only based on the difference in names. Therefore, for example, “film” is a concept including a member that can also be called a sheet or a plate. As a specific example, “antiglare film” includes members called “antiglare sheet”, “antiglare plate” and the like. In the present specification, the “weight average molecular weight” is a value obtained by dissolving in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and converting to polystyrene by a conventionally known gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method.

≪Anti-glare film≫
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an antiglare film according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the antiglare film 10 includes at least a light transmissive substrate 11 and an antiglare layer 12 provided on the light transmissive substrate 11.

<Light transmissive substrate>
The light-transmitting substrate 11 is not particularly limited as long as it has light-transmitting properties. For example, a cellulose acylate substrate, a cycloolefin polymer substrate, a polycarbonate substrate, an acrylate polymer substrate, a polyester substrate, or A glass substrate is mentioned.

  As a cellulose acylate base material, a cellulose triacetate base material and a cellulose diacetate base material are mentioned, for example. As a cycloolefin polymer base material, the base material which consists of polymers, such as a norbornene-type monomer and a monocyclic cycloolefin monomer, is mentioned, for example.

  Examples of the polycarbonate substrate include aromatic polycarbonate substrates based on bisphenols (bisphenol A and the like), aliphatic polycarbonate substrates such as diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate, and the like.

  Examples of the acrylate polymer base material include a poly (meth) methyl acrylate base material, a poly (meth) ethyl acrylate base material, and a (meth) methyl acrylate- (meth) butyl acrylate copolymer base material. Can be mentioned.

  Examples of the polyester base material include base materials containing at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate as constituent components.

  Examples of the glass substrate include glass substrates such as soda lime silica glass, borosilicate glass, and alkali-free glass.

  Among these, a cellulose acylate base material is preferable because of excellent retardation and easy adhesion with a polarizer, and among the cellulose acylate base materials, a triacetyl cellulose base material (TAC base material) is preferable. A triacetyl cellulose base material is a light-transmitting base material capable of setting an average light transmittance to 50% or more in a visible light region of 380 to 780 nm. The average light transmittance of the triacetyl cellulose base material is preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 85% or more.

  In addition, as a triacetyl cellulose base material, in addition to pure triacetyl cellulose, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate and the like may be used in combination with components other than acetic acid as a fatty acid forming an ester with cellulose. Good. Further, these triacetylcelluloses may be added with other additives such as other cellulose lower fatty acid esters such as diacetylcellulose, or plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, and lubricants as necessary.

  A cycloolefin polymer substrate is preferred from the standpoint of retardation and heat resistance, and a polyester substrate is preferred from the standpoint of mechanical properties and heat resistance.

  The thickness of the light-transmitting substrate 11 is not particularly limited, but can be 5 μm or more and 1000 μm or less. The lower limit of the thickness of the light-transmitting substrate 11 is preferably 15 μm or more from the viewpoint of handling properties, etc., and 25 μm The above is more preferable. The upper limit of the thickness of the light transmissive substrate 11 is preferably 80 μm or less from the viewpoint of thinning.

<Anti-glare layer>
The antiglare layer 12 is a layer that exhibits antiglare properties. The antiglare layer 12 may exhibit antiglare properties and other functions. Specifically, the anti-glare layer 12 may be a layer that exhibits anti-glare properties and, for example, functions such as hard coat properties, antireflection properties, antistatic properties, and antifouling properties.

  When the antiglare layer 12 is a layer that exhibits hard coat properties in addition to the antiglare property, the antiglare layer 12 has a pencil hardness test (4.9 N) defined by JIS K5600-5-4 (1999). It has a hardness equal to or higher than “H” in terms of load.

  The surface of the antiglare layer 12 is an uneven surface 12A. Here, the “surface of the antiglare layer” means a surface of the antiglare layer opposite to the surface on the light transmissive substrate side (the back surface of the antiglare layer). The anti-glare layer 12 shown in FIG. 1 includes a plurality of first inorganic fine particle aggregates 13 in which three or more inorganic fine particles are aggregated, and a plurality of second inorganic fine particle aggregates in which two or more inorganic fine particles are aggregated. 14, a plurality of organic fine particle aggregates 15 in which two or more organic fine particles are aggregated, and a binder resin 16. The antiglare layer 12 may not include the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 and the organic fine particle aggregate 15.

  In the anti-glare layer 12, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate in the uneven surface 12 </ b> A of the anti-glare layer 12 in the cross section along the thickness direction of the anti-glare layer 12 (the normal direction of the light-transmitting substrate 11). 13, The ratio of the length of the region other than the region corresponding to the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 and the organic fine particle aggregate 15 is preferably 15% or more and 70% or less. When this ratio is 15% or more, the anti-glare film has an appropriate specular transmission (regular reflection) component, and it is possible to ensure image shine, brightness, and contrast, and this ratio is 70% or less. Therefore, since excessive regular reflection does not occur, antiglare property can be ensured. The lower limit of this ratio is preferably 20% or more, and the upper limit of this ratio is preferably 60% or less.

The above-mentioned “length of the region other than the region corresponding to the first inorganic fine particle aggregate, the second inorganic fine particle aggregate, and the organic fine particle aggregate” refers to the antiglare in the cross section along the thickness direction of the antiglare layer. When viewed from the thickness direction of the layer, it means the length (linear distance) of the region other than the region of the uneven surface overlapping the first inorganic fine particle aggregate, the second inorganic fine particle aggregate and the organic fine particle aggregate. The region other than the region corresponding to the first inorganic fine particle aggregate, the second inorganic fine particle aggregate, and the organic fine particle aggregate is a region where no diffusion element contributing to internal diffusion and / or surface diffusion exists, The image light transmitted through the region is composed only of the component in the regular transmission direction, and the external light is composed of only the regular reflection component. Conversely, the region corresponding to the first inorganic fine particle aggregate, the second inorganic fine particle aggregate and the organic fine particle aggregate is a region having a diffusion element contributing to internal diffusion and / or surface diffusion, and this region. The image light that passes through is composed of a diffuse component, and the external light similarly has a diffuse reflection component. For example, in the case of FIG. 2, the lengths of the regions other than the regions corresponding to the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13, the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14, and the organic fine particle aggregate 15 are L _{1 to} L ₄ . Become. Moreover, the ratio of this length is a value measured using an image processing software from an image of a cross-sectional electron microscope (TEM, STEM).

  In the antiglare layer 12, when the inclination angle of the concavo-convex surface 12A with respect to the surface of the light transmissive substrate 11 in the cross section along the thickness direction of the antiglare layer 12 is measured every 0.1 degrees, the frequency of the inclination angle is The ratio of the 99th percentile to the third quartile in the cumulative percentage (99th percentile / third quartile) is preferably 4.0 or more and less than 5.0. When this ratio is 4.0 or more, the change rate of the inclination angle is not excessively increased and glare can be prevented, and when this ratio is less than 5.0, the uneven surface 12A is excessively excessive. Since the existence ratio of the portion having the inclination angle is controlled, a decrease in contrast can be suppressed.

  When the antiglare layer 12 has a hard coat property, the thickness of the antiglare layer 12 is preferably 2.0 μm or more and 7.0 μm or less. If the thickness of the antiglare layer 12 is within this range, a desired hardness can be obtained. In addition, the antiglare layer can be made thin, while cracking and curling of the antiglare layer can be suppressed. The thickness of the antiglare layer 12 is a value measured using an image processing software from an image of a cross-sectional electron microscope (TEM, STEM). Here, since the surface of the antiglare layer is an uneven surface, the thickness varies depending on the location, but the “thickness of the antiglare layer” means an average value of the thickness of the antiglare layer. The lower limit of the thickness of the antiglare layer is more preferably 2.5 μm or more, and the upper limit is more preferably 5 μm or less.

  In the irregular surface 12A of the antiglare layer 12, the average interval Sm between the irregularities constituting the irregular surface 12A is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 0.6 mm or less, and is 0.2 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less. More preferably. In the irregular surface 12A of the antiglare layer 12, the average inclination angle θa of the irregularities constituting the irregular surface 12A is preferably 0.05 ° or more and 0.30 ° or less, and is 0.15 ° or more and 0.25. More preferably, it is less than or equal to °.

  In the uneven surface 12A of the antiglare layer 12, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the unevenness constituting the uneven surface 12A is preferably 0.02 μm or more and 0.20 μm or less, and 0.04 μm or more and 0.10 μm or less. More preferably.

The definitions of “Sm” and “Ra” are based on JIS B0601-1994. The definition of “θa” is in accordance with the surface roughness measuring instrument: SE-3400 / Kosaka Laboratory Co., Ltd. instruction manual (revised 1995.07.20). Specifically, θa is represented by the following formula (1).
θa = tan ⁻¹ Δa (1)
In the formula, Δa represents the slope as an aspect ratio, and is a value obtained by dividing the total sum of the differences between the minimum and maximum portions of each unevenness (corresponding to the height of each convex portion) by the reference length.

Sm, θa, and Ra can be measured under the following measurement conditions using, for example, a surface roughness measuring instrument (model number: SE-3400 / manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.).
1) Stylus of surface roughness detector (trade name SE2555N (2μ standard) manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.)
・ Tip radius of curvature 2μm, apex angle 90 degrees, material diamond 2) Measurement conditions of surface roughness measuring instrument ・ Reference length (cutoff value λc of roughness curve): 2.5 mm
Evaluation length (reference length (cutoff value λc) × 5): 12.5 mm
・ Feeding speed of stylus: 0.5mm / s
・ Preliminary length: (cutoff value λc) × 2
・ Vertical magnification: 2000 times ・ Horizontal magnification: 10 times

(First inorganic fine particle aggregate)
The first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 exists in the binder resin 16 and is composed of three or more inorganic fine particles as described above. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 has a bent portion 13A formed by continuous inorganic fine particles. Here, in this specification, the “bent portion” is a concept including a curved portion. Examples of the shape having the bent portion 13 </ b> A include a V shape, a U shape, an arc shape, a C shape, a string shape, and a hook shape. Both ends of the bent portion 13A may be closed. For example, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 may have an annular structure having the bent portion 13A.

  The bent portion 13A may be formed by a single inorganic fine particle aggregate formed by bending inorganic fine particles, and may be composed of a trunk formed by continuous inorganic fine particles and a branch from the trunk. In addition, it may be constituted by branch portions formed by continuous inorganic fine particles, or may be constituted by two branch portions branched from the trunk portion and connected at the trunk portion. The “stem” is the longest portion of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate.

  The bent portion 13A has an inner region 13B as shown in FIG. The “inner region” is a region sandwiched between bent portions. This inner region 13B is filled with a binder resin 16. The bent portion 13 </ b> A preferably exists so as to sandwich the inner region 13 </ b> B from the thickness direction of the antiglare layer 12.

  Since the inorganic fine particle aggregate in which the inorganic fine particles are aggregated in a lump shape acts as a single solid upon curing shrinkage (polymerization shrinkage) of the photopolymerizable compound that becomes the binder resin 16 after curing, the uneven surface of the antiglare layer is Corresponds to the shape of the inorganic fine particle aggregate. On the other hand, since the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 has the bent portion 13A having the inner region 13B, it acts as a solid having a buffering action upon curing shrinkage. Therefore, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 is easily and uniformly crushed during the curing shrinkage. Thereby, the shape of the uneven surface 12A becomes gentler than the shape before curing shrinkage.

  In the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13, it is preferable that the proportion of inorganic fine particles in which one or more and three or less inorganic fine particles are in contact with one inorganic fine particle is 95% or more. When the proportion of inorganic fine particles in contact with one or more inorganic particles is 95% or more with respect to one inorganic fine particle, four or more inorganic fine particles are in contact with one inorganic fine particle. Since the proportion of the inorganic fine particles is extremely small, the overall shape of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 is not a lump. The proportion of the inorganic fine particles is more preferably 97% or more, and further preferably 99% or more.

  The existence ratio of the first inorganic fine particle aggregates 13 in the antiglare layer 12 is higher on the light transmissive substrate 11 side of the antiglare layer 12 than on the uneven surface 12A side of the antiglare layer 12. preferable. Here, whether the first inorganic fine particle aggregate is present on the light transmissive substrate side in the antiglare layer or is present on the uneven surface side, with a half of the thickness of the antiglare layer as a boundary, Judgment is made based on whether it exists on the light-transmitting substrate side from this boundary or on the uneven surface side from this boundary. In addition, the existence ratio of the first inorganic fine particle aggregates is higher on the light transmissive substrate side of the antiglare layer than on the uneven surface side of the antiglare layer, which is a cross-sectional electron microscope (TEM, STEM). It can be confirmed by the image. The presence ratio of the first inorganic fine particle aggregates 13 is higher on the light transmissive substrate 11 side of the antiglare layer 12 than on the uneven surface 12A side of the antiglare layer 12, so that the uneven surface 12A is steep. It becomes smooth without having a slope, and has a diffusion performance very close to regular reflection and / or regular transmission. Thereby, the anti-glare layer 12 has anti-glare properties, but not only has excellent contrast in a bright room, but also can suppress the occurrence of stray light of image light, so it has excellent contrast in a dark room, An antiglare film 10 having a high contrast and a black feeling can be obtained.

Specifically, in the cross section along the thickness direction of the antiglare layer 12, among the first inorganic fine particle aggregates 13, the first inorganic fine particle aggregates present on the light transmissive substrate 11 side in the antiglare layer 12. When the number of the aggregates 13 is Nb and the number of the first inorganic fine particle aggregates 13 existing on the uneven surface 12A side in the antiglare layer 12 is Nf, Nb / Nf satisfies the following formula (2) Is preferred.
1.5 <Nb / Nf (2)

  When Nb / Nf satisfies the above formula (2), the above antiglare property and excellent blackness can be more reliably obtained.

  The first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 is preferably present at least at the position of the surface of the organic fine particle aggregate 15 and at a position apart from the organic fine particle aggregate 15 and between the organic fine particle aggregates 15. On the uneven surface 12A, the position corresponding to the organic fine particle aggregate 15 is a convex portion. However, the presence of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 at the position of the surface of the organic fine particle aggregate 15 makes the organic fine particle aggregate 15 The specific gravity of the convex surface of the concave and convex surface 12A changes smoothly by exhibiting a buffering effect on the curing shrinkage of the binder resin 16, and the rugged surface of the concave and convex surface 12A changes smoothly. 12A becomes smooth. Furthermore, since the positions corresponding to the organic fine particle aggregates 15 are convex portions on the uneven surface 12A, the organic fine particle aggregates 15 become concave portions, but are separated from the organic fine particle aggregates 15 and are separated from the organic fine particle aggregates 15. The presence of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 in the middle position increases the position of the concave portion on the concave / convex surface 12A, thereby reducing the height difference between the convex portion and the concave portion on the concave / convex surface 12A. 12A becomes smoother and, as described above, extremely loose irregularities are formed between the irregular surfaces 12A, so that the antiglare property can be ensured without degrading the contrast.

  The average aggregate diameter of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 is preferably 100 nm or more and 2.0 μm or less. If the average aggregate diameter of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 is 100 nm or more, the smooth uneven surface 12A can be easily formed, and the average aggregate diameter of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 is 2.0 μm. If it is below, the diffusion of light by the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 can be suppressed, and the antiglare film 10 excellent in contrast can be obtained. The average aggregate diameter of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 is preferably 200 nm or more at the lower limit, and preferably 1.5 μm or less at the upper limit.

  The average aggregate diameter of the first inorganic fine particle aggregates is selected from a 5 μm square area containing a large amount of the first inorganic fine particle aggregates from observation with a cross-sectional electron microscope (about 10,000 to 20,000 times). The aggregate diameter of the first inorganic fine particle aggregates is measured, and the aggregate diameters of the top 10 first inorganic fine particle aggregates are averaged. The “average aggregate diameter of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate” is the maximum distance between the two straight lines when the cross section of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate is sandwiched between any two parallel straight lines. It is measured as the distance between straight lines in a combination of two straight lines. The average aggregate diameter of the first inorganic fine particle aggregates may be calculated using image analysis software.

  The first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 preferably has a larger aggregate diameter in the direction orthogonal to the thickness direction than the aggregate diameter in the thickness direction of the antiglare layer 12. The “aggregation diameter in the thickness direction” is a distance between two straight lines when the cross section of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate is sandwiched between two parallel straight lines perpendicular to the thickness direction of the antiglare layer. Measured. In addition, the “aggregation diameter in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction” means that two cross-sections when the cross section of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate is sandwiched between two parallel straight lines parallel to the thickness direction of the anti-glare layer. Measured as the distance between straight lines. These agglomerated diameters may also be calculated using image analysis software.

  The first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 is, for example, a hydrophobization treatment of the inorganic fine particles constituting the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 and the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14, and the organic fine particles constituting the organic fine particle aggregate 15. It can be obtained by controlling the hydrophilization treatment and the proportion of hydroxyl groups in the binder resin 16. Hydroxyl groups are present on the surface of the inorganic fine particles. However, if the inorganic fine particle aggregate is subjected to a hydrophobization treatment, the number of hydroxyl groups present on the surface of the inorganic fine particles is reduced, and excessive aggregation of the inorganic fine particles can be suppressed. Moreover, the chemical resistance and saponification resistance of the inorganic fine particles themselves can be improved by subjecting the surface of the inorganic fine particles to a hydrophobic treatment.

  Such a hydrophobic treatment can be performed using a surface treatment agent such as silanes and silazanes. Specific examples of the surface treatment agent include dimethyldichlorosilane, silicone oil, hexamethyldisilazane, octylsilane, hexadecylsilane, aminosilane, methacrylsilane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and polydimethylsiloxane.

  In addition, since the 1st inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 can be obtained also by methods other than the said method, as a method of obtaining the 1st inorganic fine particle aggregate 13, it is not restricted to said method. For example, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 may be obtained by interspersing groups that react with each other on the surface of the inorganic fine particles to control the aggregation state of the inorganic fine particles, or between the inorganic fine particles and the binder resin. By using solvents having different affinity and volatility, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 may be obtained by controlling the aggregation by changing the affinity during drying.

The inorganic fine particles constituting the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 are not particularly limited. For example, silica (SiO ₂ ) fine particles, alumina fine particles, titania fine particles, tin oxide fine particles, antimony-doped tin oxide (abbreviated as ATO) fine particles. And inorganic oxide fine particles such as zinc oxide fine particles.

When silica particles are used as the inorganic fine particles, fumed silica fine particles are preferable from the viewpoint of easily forming an antiglare layer having a smooth uneven surface among the silica particles. Fumed silica is amorphous silica having a particle size of 200 nm or less prepared by a dry method, and can be obtained by reacting a volatile compound containing silicon in a gas phase. Specific examples include those produced by hydrolyzing a silicon compound such as silicon tetrachloride (SiCl ₄ ) in a flame of oxygen and hydrogen. Examples of commercially available fumed silica fine particles include AEROSIL R805 manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.

  When inorganic oxide particles are used as the inorganic fine particles, the inorganic oxide fine particles are preferably amorphous. This is because when the inorganic oxide particles are crystalline, the Lewis acid salt of the inorganic oxide fine particles becomes strong due to lattice defects contained in the crystal structure, and excessive aggregation of the inorganic oxide fine particles can be controlled. It is because there is a risk of disappearing.

  Further, when fumed silica fine particles are used as the inorganic fine particles, the fumed silica fine particles include hydrophilic ones and hydrophobic ones. Among these, the moisture absorption amount decreases, and the antiglare layer From the viewpoint of facilitating dispersion in the composition for use, those exhibiting hydrophobicity are preferred. Hydrophobic fumed silica can be obtained by chemically reacting the above-mentioned surface treatment agent with silanol groups present on the surface of the fumed silica fine particles.

  The inorganic fine particles are preferably spherical in shape in a single particle state. When the single particles of the inorganic fine particles have such a spherical shape, when the antiglare film is disposed on the image display surface of the image display device, an image with better contrast can be obtained. Here, “spherical” means, for example, a true spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, etc., but a so-called indeterminate shape is not included.

  The average primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less. Since the average primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles is 1 nm or more, an antiglare layer having a smooth uneven surface can be formed more easily, and the average primary particle size is 100 nm or less. The diffusion of light due to the light can be suppressed, and an excellent contrast can be obtained. The lower limit of the average primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles is more preferably 10 nm or more, and the upper limit of the average primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles is more preferably 50 nm or less.

  The average primary particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles is a value measured using an image processing software from an image of a cross-sectional electron microscope (a transmission type such as TEM or STEM and preferably having a magnification of 50,000 times or more).

(Second inorganic fine particle aggregate)
The second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 is present on the uneven surface 12A or in the vicinity thereof. Also, in the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14, the ratio of the inorganic fine particles contacting one or more and three or less of the inorganic fine particles with respect to one inorganic fine particle is 95% or more. preferable. Further, the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 preferably has a larger aggregate diameter in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction than the aggregate diameter in the thickness direction of the antiglare layer 12, and further aggregates two-dimensionally. It is preferable. Further, since the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 is present on the uneven surface 12A or in the vicinity thereof as compared with the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13, it is more anti-glare than the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13. Since the aggregation diameter in the thickness direction of the layer 12 is small, the uneven surface 12A can be made smoother.

  Since the hardness of the surface of the antiglare layer 12 can be increased by the presence of the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 on or near the irregular surface 12A, a relatively soft binder resin can be used as the binder resin 16. Thus, the antiglare film 10 having excellent flexibility can be obtained.

  The average aggregate diameter of the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 is preferably 100 nm or more and 2.0 μm or less for the same reason as the average aggregate diameter of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13. The average aggregate diameter of the second inorganic fine particle aggregates 14 is more preferably a lower limit of 200 nm or more, and an upper limit of 1.5 μm or less.

  Since the inorganic fine particles constituting the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 may be the same as the inorganic fine particles constituting the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13, the description thereof will be omitted here. In addition, the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 is, for example, similar to the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13, for example, the hydrophobicity of the inorganic fine particles constituting the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 and the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14. It can be obtained by controlling the hydrophilization treatment of the organic fine particles constituting the organic fine particle aggregate 15 and the proportion of hydroxyl groups in the binder resin 16. However, in order to make the aggregation state of the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 different from the aggregation state of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13, for example, in the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 A surface treatment agent different from the aggregate 13 or a surface treatment agent concentration different from that of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 may be used.

(Organic fine particle aggregate)
The organic fine particle aggregate 15 is composed of two or more organic fine particles as described above. In the antiglare layer 12, the maximum height of the organic fine particle aggregate 15 in the thickness direction of the antiglare layer 12 is preferably less than the thickness of the antiglare layer 12. Since the maximum height of the organic fine particle aggregate 15 is less than the thickness of the antiglare layer 12, it does not cause a steep uneven surface and suppresses a decrease in contrast and blackness while exhibiting antiglare properties. it can.

  Examples of the organic fine particles include plastic beads. Specific examples of the plastic beads include polystyrene beads, melamine resin beads, acrylic beads, acrylic-styrene beads, silicone beads, benzoguanamine beads, benzoguanamine / formaldehyde condensation beads, polycarbonate beads, polyethylene beads, and the like. It is also preferable to subject the surface of the organic fine particles to a hydrophilic treatment. By subjecting the surface of the organic fine particles to a hydrophilic treatment, it is possible to control the aggregation state with the inorganic fine particles.

  The average primary particle size of the organic fine particles is preferably 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less. The average primary particle size of the organic fine particles is observed as an almost the same particle size of any same kind in observation of an electron microscope (transmission type such as TEM, STEM, etc.) of a cross section passing through the vicinity of the center of the organic fine particles. The value is calculated as an average value obtained by selecting 30 organic fine particles and measuring the maximum particle size of the cross section. It may be calculated using image analysis software. When the average primary particle size of the organic fine particles is 1 μm or more, the antiglare property can be more reliably ensured. Further, when the average primary particle size of the organic fine particles is 5 μm or less, a decrease in contrast can be suppressed. The lower limit of the average primary particle size of the organic fine particles is more preferably 1.5 μm or more, and the upper limit of the average primary particle size of the organic fine particles is more preferably 4.0 μm or less.

Further, when the thickness of the antiglare layer 12 is T and the average primary particle diameter of the organic fine particles is R, the organic fine particles preferably satisfy the relationship of the following formula (3).
0.2 <R / T <0.7 (3)

  When R / T satisfies the above formula (3), the anti-glare property and the black feeling can both be ensured.

  The number of organic fine particles constituting the organic fine particle aggregate 15 is preferably 2 or more and 3 or less. When the number of the organic fine particles constituting the organic fine particle aggregate 15 is two or more, the area of the peak of the convex part with a gentle slope increases and the area of the convex part rising surface with a steep slope in the concave and convex surface 12A. Therefore, deterioration of contrast can be suppressed. Further, since the number of organic fine particles constituting the organic fine particle aggregate 15 is 3 or less, the generation of organic fine particle aggregates larger than the thickness T of the antiglare layer 12 can be prevented more reliably, and the steep convex portion Can be prevented from being formed.

  The organic fine particle aggregate 15 may be obtained, for example, by interspersing groups that react with each other on the surface of the organic fine particle to control the aggregation state of the organic fine particle to obtain the organic fine particle aggregate 15. By using a solvent having a different affinity and volatility with the binder resin, the agglomeration may be controlled by changing the affinity during the drying to obtain the organic fine particle aggregate 15, or the first inorganic fine particle agglomerate may be obtained. By controlling the hydrophobization treatment of the inorganic fine particles constituting the aggregate 13 and the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14, the hydrophilization treatment of the organic fine particles constituting the organic fine particle aggregate 15, and the hydroxyl group existing ratio of the binder resin 16 May be obtained.

(Binder resin)
The binder resin 16 is obtained by polymerizing (crosslinking) a photopolymerizable compound by light irradiation. The photopolymerizable compound has at least one photopolymerizable functional group. In the present specification, the “photopolymerizable functional group” is a functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction by light irradiation. Examples of the photopolymerizable functional group include ethylenic double bonds such as a (meth) acryloyl group, a vinyl group, and an allyl group. The “(meth) acryloyl group” means to include both “acryloyl group” and “methacryloyl group”. The light irradiated when polymerizing the photopolymerizable compound includes visible light and ionizing radiation such as ultraviolet rays, X-rays, electron beams, α rays, β rays, and γ rays.

  Examples of the photopolymerizable compound include a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerizable oligomer, and a photopolymerizable polymer, and these can be appropriately adjusted and used. As the photopolymerizable compound, a combination of a photopolymerizable monomer and a photopolymerizable oligomer or photopolymerizable polymer is preferable.

  It is preferable that the hydrophilicity of the binder resin 16 is controlled. For example, an anti-glare film is prepared and checked using a binder resin whose hydrophilicity is controlled by changing the mixing ratio of a photopolymerizable compound having a hydroxyl group and a photopolymerizable compound not having a hydroxyl group in advance. Thus, an antiglare film in which the degree of aggregation and uneven distribution of organic fine particles and inorganic fine particles is controlled can be obtained.

Photopolymerizable monomer The photopolymerizable monomer has a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or less. In addition, you may use not only one type but multiple types of photopolymerizable monomers.

  The photopolymerizable monomer is preferably a polyfunctional monomer having two or more photopolymerizable functional groups (that is, bifunctional).

  Examples of the bifunctional or higher monomer include trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and pentaerythritol tri (meth). Acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, ditri Methylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, tripentaerythritol octa (meth) acrylate, Lapentaerythritol deca (meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid tri (meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid di (meth) acrylate, polyester tri (meth) acrylate, polyester di (meth) acrylate, bisphenol di (meth) acrylate, diglycerin tetra ( (Meth) acrylate, adamantyl di (meth) acrylate, isoboronyl di (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentane di (meth) acrylate, tricyclodecane di (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate, and these are PO, EO And the like modified.

  Among these, from the viewpoint of obtaining an antiglare layer having high hardness, pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETTA), dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPPA), and the like. preferable.

Photopolymerizable oligomer The photopolymerizable oligomer has a weight average molecular weight of more than 1,000 and 10,000 or less.
As the photopolymerizable oligomer, a polyfunctional oligomer having 3 (trifunctional) or more photopolymerizable functional groups is preferable. The photopolymerizable oligomer is preferably a bifunctional or higher polyfunctional oligomer. Polyfunctional oligomers include polyester (meth) acrylate, urethane (meth) acrylate, polyester-urethane (meth) acrylate, polyether (meth) acrylate, polyol (meth) acrylate, melamine (meth) acrylate, and isocyanurate (meth). Examples include acrylate and epoxy (meth) acrylate.

Photopolymerizable polymer The photopolymerizable polymer has a weight average molecular weight exceeding 10,000, and the weight average molecular weight is preferably from 10,000 to 80,000, more preferably from 10,000 to 40,000. When the weight average molecular weight exceeds 80,000, the viscosity is high, so that the coating suitability is lowered, and the appearance of the obtained optical laminate may be deteriorated. Examples of the polyfunctional polymer include urethane (meth) acrylate, isocyanurate (meth) acrylate, polyester-urethane (meth) acrylate, and epoxy (meth) acrylate.

(Other ingredients)
In addition to the antiglare layer 12, if necessary, a solvent-drying resin (a resin that forms a coating only by drying a solvent added to adjust the solid content during coating, such as a thermoplastic resin) A thermosetting resin may be added.

  When the solvent-drying type resin is added, film defects on the coating surface of the coating liquid can be effectively prevented when the antiglare layer 12 is formed. It does not specifically limit as solvent dry type resin, Generally, a thermoplastic resin can be used. Examples of thermoplastic resins include styrene resins, (meth) acrylic resins, vinyl acetate resins, vinyl ether resins, halogen-containing resins, alicyclic olefin resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins. , Cellulose derivatives, silicone resins and rubbers or elastomers.

  The thermoplastic resin is preferably amorphous and soluble in an organic solvent (particularly a common solvent capable of dissolving a plurality of polymers and curable compounds). In particular, from the viewpoint of transparency and weather resistance, styrene resins, (meth) acrylic resins, alicyclic olefin resins, polyester resins, cellulose derivatives (cellulose esters, etc.) and the like are preferable. Note that controlling the viscosity of the coating liquid by the type, molecular weight, and addition amount of the solvent-drying resin is also a method for controlling the above-described aggregate formation state of the inorganic fine particles and organic fine particles.

  The thermosetting resin added to the antiglare layer 12 is not particularly limited. For example, phenol resin, urea resin, diallyl phthalate resin, melamine resin, guanamine resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, amino Examples include alkyd resins, melamine-urea cocondensation resins, silicon resins, polysiloxane resins, and the like.

<Physical properties of antiglare film>
The antiglare film 10 preferably has a total light transmittance of 85% or more. When the total light transmittance is 85% or more, color reproducibility and visibility can be further improved when the antiglare film 10 is mounted on the surface of the image display device. The total light transmittance is more preferably 90% or more. The total light transmittance can be measured by a method based on JIS K7361 using a haze meter (manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory, product number: HM-150).

  The haze value (overall haze value) of the entire antiglare film 10 is preferably 2% or less. If the overall haze value is 2% or less, desired optical characteristics can be obtained, and the visibility when the antiglare film 10 is placed on the image display surface can be further improved. The overall haze value is more preferably 1% or less. The overall haze value can be measured by a method based on JIS K7136 using a haze meter (manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory, product number: HM-150).

  The internal haze value of the antiglare film 10 is preferably 0% or more and 2.0% or less, and the surface haze value of the antiglare film 10 is preferably 0% or more and 0.3% or less. The surface haze value is caused only by the uneven shape of the uneven surface in the antiglare layer, and can be determined as follows. First, the overall haze value of the antiglare film is measured according to JIS K7136 using a haze meter (HM-150, manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory). Thereafter, a light transmissive resin base material is attached to the surface of the antiglare layer via an adhesive layer, an adhesive tape, or the like. Thereby, the uneven shape of the uneven surface in the antiglare layer is crushed, and the surface of the antiglare film becomes flat. In this state, the haze value is measured according to JIS K7136 using a haze meter, and the internal haze value is obtained by subtracting the haze of the adhesive layer or the adhesive tape itself. This internal haze value does not take into account the uneven shape of the uneven surface in the antiglare layer, so by subtracting the internal haze value from the overall haze value, the surface haze value resulting from only the uneven surface shape of the antiglare layer Is required.

  In the anti-glare film 10, using the average value of the transmitted image sharpness measured using 0.125 mm width, 0.5 mm width, 1.0 mm width, and 2.0 mm width optical combs, and each optical comb. The difference from the measured transmitted image definition is preferably within 10%. When this difference is within 10%, glare can be more reliably suppressed.

  The transmission image definition can be measured by a transmission definition measuring device based on the image definition transmission method of JIS K7105. As such a measuring apparatus, Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. image clarity measuring device ICM-1T etc. are mentioned.

  It is preferable that the average value of the transmitted image definition of the antiglare film 10 measured using the four types of optical combs is 80% or more. The transmitted image definition of the antiglare film 10 measured using an optical comb having a width of 0.125 mm is preferably 80% or more, and the antiglare film measured using an optical comb having a width of 0.5 mm. 10 is preferably 80% or more, and the image clarity of the antiglare film 10 measured using a 1.0 mm wide optical comb is 80% or more. Preferably, the transmitted image definition of the antiglare film 10 measured using an optical comb having a width of 2.0 mm is preferably 90% or more.

  According to the present embodiment, since the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 has the bent portion 13A having the inner region 13B, as described above, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 undergoes curing shrinkage. In addition, it can be easily and uniformly crushed. Thereby, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 has an action of forming the uneven surface 12A, but the shape of the uneven surface 12A becomes gentler than the amount of curing shrinkage, and the uneven surface 12A is an observer (observer). Anti-glare that does not bother the reflection of the background of the observer, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of a sudden change in the tilt angle change rate that causes a dramatic change in brightness. Sex can be obtained. Note that anti-glare properties that do not bother the viewer (observer) and the background of the viewer are not concerned are, for example, the presence of an observer, but only the outline is blurred. In addition, although the presence of an object in the background of the observer is recognized, it means antiglare properties such that the outline and boundary are unclear. In this way, only the outline of the viewer is blurred, and the viewer is not concerned about the reflection.

  Moreover, since the inclination angle of the unevenness constituting the uneven surface 12A does not increase, excessive diffusion of external light does not occur. Thereby, the fall of bright room contrast can be suppressed. Further, since it is possible to prevent the image light from becoming stray light, a good dark room contrast can be obtained. Furthermore, since it has an appropriate specular reflection component, when a moving image is displayed, the shine and brightness of the image increase, and a dynamic feeling can be obtained. As a result, it is possible to obtain a black feeling having both excellent contrast and dynamic feeling.

≪Method for producing antiglare film≫
The antiglare film 10 can be formed as follows, for example. First, the antiglare layer composition is applied on the light transmissive substrate 11. Examples of the method for applying the antiglare layer composition include known coating methods such as spin coating, dipping, spraying, slide coating, bar coating, roll coating, gravure coating, and die coating.

<Composition for anti-glare layer>
The composition for anti-glare layer contains at least the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13, the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14, the organic fine particle aggregate 15, and the photopolymerizable compound. In addition, you may add the said thermoplastic resin, the said thermosetting resin, a solvent, and a polymerization initiator to the composition for glare-proof layers as needed. Further, the antiglare layer composition includes conventionally known dispersants, surfactants and antistatic agents depending on purposes such as increasing the hardness of the antiglare layer, suppressing cure shrinkage, and controlling the refractive index. , Silane coupling agents, thickeners, anti-coloring agents, colorants (pigments, dyes), antifoaming agents, leveling agents, flame retardants, UV absorbers, adhesion promoters, polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, surface modification A quality agent, a lubricant, etc. may be added.

(solvent)
Examples of the solvent include alcohols (eg, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, s-butanol, t-butanol, benzyl alcohol, PGME, ethylene glycol), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), cyclohexanone. , Methyl isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, cycloheptanone, diethyl ketone, etc.), ethers (1,4-dioxane, dioxolane, diisopropyl ether dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexane, etc.), alicyclic Hydrocarbons (cyclohexane, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene, etc.), halogenated carbons (dichloromethane, dichloroethane, etc.), esters (methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, vinegar) Propyl, butyl acetate, ethyl lactate, etc.), cellosolves (methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, etc.), cellosolve acetates, sulfoxides (dimethylsulfoxide etc.), amides (dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide etc.), etc. A mixture thereof may be used.

(Polymerization initiator)
The polymerization initiator is a component that is decomposed by light irradiation to generate radicals to initiate or advance polymerization (crosslinking) of the photopolymerizable compound.

  The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it can release a substance that initiates radical polymerization by light irradiation. The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used. Specific examples include, for example, acetophenones, benzophenones, Michler benzoylbenzoate, α-amyloxime ester, thioxanthones, propiophenone. , Benzyls, benzoins, acylphosphine oxides. In addition, it is preferable to use a mixture of photosensitizers, and specific examples thereof include n-butylamine, triethylamine, poly-n-butylphosphine, and the like.

  As the polymerization initiator, when the binder resin is a resin system having a radically polymerizable unsaturated group, it is preferable to use acetophenones, benzophenones, thioxanthones, benzoin, benzoin methyl ether or the like alone or in combination. .

  The content of the polymerization initiator in the antiglare layer composition is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 10.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the photopolymerizable compound. By setting the content of the polymerization initiator within this range, the hard coat performance can be sufficiently maintained, and curing inhibition can be suppressed.

  Although it does not specifically limit as a content rate (solid content) of the raw material in the composition for glare-proof layers, Usually, 5 to 70 mass% is preferable, and it is more preferable to set it as 25 to 60 mass%. .

  The method for preparing the composition for the antiglare layer is not particularly limited as long as each component can be uniformly mixed. For example, the composition can be performed using a known apparatus such as a paint shaker, a bead mill, a kneader, or a mixer.

  After coating the antiglare layer composition on the light-transmitting substrate 11, it is transported to a heated zone for drying the coating-like antiglare layer composition and is antiglare by various known methods. The layer composition is dried and the solvent is evaporated. Here, by selecting the affinity between the solvent and the solid content, the solvent relative evaporation rate, the solid content concentration, the coating solution temperature, the drying temperature, the drying air speed, the drying time, the solvent atmosphere concentration in the drying zone, etc. The distribution state of the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13, the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 14, and the organic fine particle aggregate 15 can be adjusted.

  In particular, a method of adjusting the distribution state of fine particle aggregates by selecting drying conditions is simple and preferable. The specific drying temperature is preferably 30 to 120 ° C., and the drying wind speed is preferably 0.2 to 50 m / s. The drying treatment appropriately adjusted within this range is performed once or a plurality of times to thereby form fine particles. The distribution state of the aggregate can be adjusted to a desired state.

  Thereafter, the coating-like antiglare layer composition is irradiated with light such as ultraviolet rays, and the photopolymerizable compound is polymerized (crosslinked) to cure the antiglare layer composition. Form. Here, as described above, since the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 has the bent portion 13A having the inner region 13B, it acts as a solid having a buffering action upon curing shrinkage. Therefore, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 is easily and uniformly crushed during the curing shrinkage.

  When ultraviolet rays are used as the light for curing the composition for the antiglare layer, ultraviolet rays emitted from an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a carbon arc, a xenon arc, a metal halide lamp, or the like can be used. Moreover, as a wavelength of an ultraviolet-ray, the wavelength range of 190-380 nm can be used. Specific examples of the electron beam source include various electron beam accelerators such as a cockcroft-wald type, a bandegraft type, a resonant transformer type, an insulated core transformer type, a linear type, a dynamitron type, and a high frequency type.

≪Polarizing plate≫
The antiglare film 10 can be used by being incorporated into a polarizing plate, for example. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a polarizing plate incorporating the antiglare film according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the polarizing plate 20 includes an antiglare film 10, a polarizer 21, and a protective film 22. The polarizer 21 is formed on the surface of the light transmissive substrate 11 opposite to the surface on which the antiglare layer 12 is formed. The protective film 22 is provided on the surface of the polarizer 21 opposite to the surface on which the antiglare film 10 is provided. The protective film 22 may be a retardation film.

  Examples of the polarizer 21 include a polyvinyl alcohol film, a polyvinyl formal film, a polyvinyl acetal film, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified film that are dyed and stretched with iodine or the like. When laminating the antiglare film 10 and the polarizer 21, it is preferable to saponify the light-transmitting substrate 11 in advance. By performing the saponification treatment, the adhesiveness is improved and an antistatic effect can be obtained.

≪LCD panel≫
The antiglare film 10 and the polarizing plate 20 can be used by being incorporated in a liquid crystal panel. FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid crystal panel incorporating the antiglare film according to the present embodiment.

  The liquid crystal panel shown in FIG. 4 includes a protective film 31, such as a triacetyl cellulose film (TAC film), a polarizer 32, a retardation film 33, an adhesive, from the light source side (backlight unit side) to the viewer side. The layer 34, the liquid crystal cell 35, the adhesive layer 36, the retardation film 37, the polarizer 21, and the antiglare film 10 are stacked in this order. In the liquid crystal cell 35, a liquid crystal layer, an alignment film, an electrode layer, a color filter, and the like are disposed between two glass substrates.

  Examples of the retardation films 33 and 37 include a triacetyl cellulose film and a cycloolefin polymer film. The retardation film 37 may be the same as the protective film 22. Examples of the adhesive constituting the adhesive layers 34 and 36 include a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA).

≪Image display device≫
The antiglare film 10, the polarizing plate 20, and the liquid crystal panel 30 can be used by being incorporated in an image display device. Examples of the image display device include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a cathode ray tube display device (CRT), a plasma display (PDP), an electroluminescence display (ELD), a field emission display (FED), a touch panel, a tablet PC, and electronic paper. Can be mentioned. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display which is an example of an image display device incorporating the antiglare film according to the present embodiment.

  The image display device 40 shown in FIG. 5 is a liquid crystal display. The image display device 40 includes a backlight unit 41 and a liquid crystal panel 30 including an anti-glare film 10 disposed closer to the viewer than the backlight unit 41. A known backlight unit can be used as the backlight unit 41.

[Second Embodiment]
Hereinafter, an antiglare film according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the contents overlapping with those of the first embodiment are omitted unless otherwise specified. FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of another antiglare film according to this embodiment, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG.

≪Anti-glare film≫
As shown in FIG. 6, the antiglare film 50 includes at least a light transmissive substrate 51 and an antiglare layer 52 provided on the light transmissive substrate 51. Since the light transmissive substrate 51 is the same as the light transmissive substrate 11 described in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted in this embodiment.

<Anti-glare layer>
The antiglare layer 52 includes a first inorganic fine particle aggregate 53 in which three or more inorganic fine particles are aggregated, a second inorganic fine particle aggregate 54 in which two or more inorganic fine particles are aggregated, and an unaggregated single particle The organic fine particles 55 in a state and a binder resin 56 are included. Note that the antiglare layer 52 does not have to include the second inorganic fine particle aggregate 54 and the organic fine particles 55.

  In the antiglare layer 52, the organic fine particles 55 are unevenly distributed on the light transmissive substrate 51 side. It can be confirmed by an image of a cross-sectional electron microscope (TEM, STEM) that the organic fine particles are unevenly distributed on the light-transmitting substrate side.

  Here, for example, the average value of the thickness of the binder resin 56 between the light transmissive substrate 51 and the organic fine particles 55 is set, and the average value of the thickness of the binder resin 56 between the uneven surface 52 </ b> A and the organic fine particles 55 is set. By comparing, it can be expressed how much the organic fine particles 55 are unevenly distributed.

Specifically, in the antiglare layer 52, the average value of the thickness of the binder resin 56 between the light-transmitting substrate 51 and the organic fine particles 55 is Tb, and the binder resin between the uneven surface 52A and the organic fine particles 55 is used. When the average value of the thicknesses of 56 is Tf, it is preferable that Tf / Tb satisfies the following formula (4).
2.5 <Tf / Tb (4)

  When Tf / Tb satisfies the above formula (4), the uneven surface 52A becomes smooth, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a large inclination angle that deteriorates contrast and glare.

  In the uneven surface 52A of the antiglare layer 52, the average interval Sm of the unevenness constituting the uneven surface 52A is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 0.6 mm or less, and is 0.2 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less. More preferably. In the uneven surface 52A of the antiglare layer 52, the average inclination angle θa of the unevenness constituting the uneven surface 52A is preferably 0.05 ° or more and 0.30 ° or less, and is 0.15 ° or more and 0.25. More preferably, it is less than or equal to °.

  In the uneven surface 52A of the antiglare layer 52, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the unevenness constituting the uneven surface 52A is preferably 0.02 μm or more and 0.20 μm or less, and 0.04 μm or more and 0.10 μm or less. More preferably. The definitions and measurement methods of the above “Sm”, “Ra”, and “θa” are the same as those in the first embodiment.

(First inorganic fine particle aggregate)
Also in this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, in the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 53, the proportion of inorganic fine particles in which one or more and three or less inorganic fine particles are in contact with one inorganic fine particle is 95. % Or more. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 53 has a bent portion 53A formed by continuous inorganic fine particles. As shown in FIG. 7, the bent portion 53A has an inner region 53B.

  In addition, except for the following, since it is the same as the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 13 described in the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.

  For the same reason as described in the first embodiment, the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 53 is at least the position of the surface of the organic fine particle 55 and the position between the organic fine particle 55 and the position between the organic fine particles 55. It is preferable that it exists in.

(Second inorganic fine particle aggregate)
The second inorganic fine particle aggregate 54 exists on the uneven surface 52A or in the vicinity thereof. In addition, since it is the same as the 2nd inorganic fine particle aggregate 14 demonstrated in 1st Embodiment, description shall be abbreviate | omitted.

(Organic fine particles)
The organic fine particles 55 have the same material and the same average primary particle size as those of the organic fine particles described in the first embodiment. Here, for example, the aggregation of the organic fine particles 55 can be controlled by changing the affinity during drying using solvents having different affinity and volatility between the organic fine particles and the binder resin. The organic fine particles 55 can be present as single-particle organic fine particles 55 in 52, and the organic fine particles 55 can be unevenly distributed on the light transmissive substrate 51 side.

(Binder resin)
Since the binder resin 56 is the same as the binder resin 16 described in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

≪Method for producing antiglare film≫
Since the anti-glare film 50 can be formed by the same method as in the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.

  Also in the present embodiment, since the first inorganic fine particle aggregate 53 including the bent portion 53A having the inner region 53B is present in the antiglare layer 52, the observation is performed for the same reason as in the first embodiment. In addition to being able to obtain an anti-glare property that does not bother the reflection of the background of the observer (observer) and the observer, good glare prevention and good blackness can be obtained.

  In order to describe the present invention in detail, examples will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these descriptions.

<Preparation of composition for antiglare layer>
First, each component was mix | blended so that it might become a composition shown below, and the composition for glare-proof layers was obtained.
(Anti-glare layer composition 1)
Acrylic-styrene copolymer particles (organic fine particles, average primary particle size 2.0 μm, refractive index 1.52, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.): 3 parts by mass Fumed silica (inorganic fine particles, hexamethyldisilazane treatment) , Average primary particle size 50 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd .: 1 part by mass, pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) (product name “PETIA”, manufactured by Daicel Cytec Co., Ltd.): 60 parts by mass, ethoxy modified diacrylate of isocyanuric acid (product) Name “M-215”, manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd .: 40 parts by mass, polymerization initiator (product name “Irgacure 184”, manufactured by BASF Japan): 5 parts by mass, polyether-modified silicone (product name “TSF4460”, Momentive)・ Performance Materials Co., Ltd.): 0.025 mass parts ・ Toluene: 120 mass parts ・ Methyliso Ethyl ketone (MIBK): 30 parts by weight

(Anti-glare layer composition 2)
Acrylic-styrene copolymer particles (organic fine particles, average primary particle size 2.0 μm, refractive index 1.52, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.): 4 parts by mass Fumed silica (inorganic fine particles, hexamethyldisilazane treatment) , Average primary particle size 50 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd .: 1 part by mass / pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETTA) (product name “PETA”, manufactured by Daicel Cytec Co., Ltd.): 60 parts by mass / urethane acrylate (product name “UV1700B”) , Manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.): 40 parts by mass, polymerization initiator (product name “Irgacure 184”, manufactured by BASF Japan): 5 parts by mass, polyether-modified silicone (product name “TSF4460”, Momentive Performance Materials) (Made by company): 0.025 mass part, toluene: 120 mass parts, cyclohexanone: 3 Parts by weight

(Anti-glare layer composition 3)
Acrylic-styrene copolymer particles (organic fine particles, average primary particle size 2.0 μm, refractive index 1.52, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.): 1 part by mass Fumed silica (inorganic fine particles, octylsilane treatment, average Primary particle size 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd .: 1 part by mass, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETTA) (product name “PETA”, manufactured by Daicel Cytec): 60 parts by mass, urethane acrylate (product name “UV1700B”, Japan) Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.): 40 parts by mass, polymerization initiator (product name “Irgacure 184”, manufactured by BASF Japan): 5 parts by mass, polyether-modified silicone (product name “TSF4460”, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials, Inc.) ): 0.025 parts by mass-Toluene: 105 parts by mass-Isopropyl alcohol: 30 The amount part Cyclohexanone: 15 parts by weight

(Anti-glare layer composition 4)
-Fumed silica (inorganic fine particles, octylsilane treatment, average particle size 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) 2.5 parts by mass-Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) (product name "PETIA", manufactured by Daicel Cytec Co., Ltd.): 70 Mass parts / urethane acrylate (product name “V-4000BA”, manufactured by DIC): 30 parts by mass / polymerization initiator (product name “Irgacure 184”, manufactured by BASF Japan): 5 parts by mass / polyether-modified silicone (product) Name “TSF4460”, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials): 0.025 parts by mass, toluene: 105 parts by mass, isopropyl alcohol: 35 parts by mass, cyclohexanone: 10 parts by mass

(Anti-glare layer composition 5)
Amorphous silica particles (inorganic fine particles, hydrophobization treatment, average particle diameter (laser diffraction scattering method) 4.1 μm, manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd.): 4 parts by mass Pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) (product name “PETIA” , Manufactured by Daicel Cytec Co., Ltd.): 100 parts by mass, polymerization initiator (product name “Irgacure 184”, manufactured by BASF Japan): 5 parts by mass, polyether-modified silicone (product name “TSF4460”, Momentive Performance Materials) (Made by company): 0.025 mass partToluene: 150 mass partmethyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK): 35 mass part In addition, the said amorphous silica particle was produced by the gel method.

(Anti-glare layer composition 6)
Acrylic-styrene copolymer particles (organic fine particles, average primary particle size 3.0 μm, refractive index 1.52, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.): 7 parts by mass Amorphous silica particles (inorganic fine particles, hydrophobic treatment, Average particle diameter (laser diffraction scattering method) 2.7 μm, manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd.): 2 parts by mass / pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) (product name “PETIA”, manufactured by Daicel Cytec): 100 parts by mass / polymerization Initiator (Product name “Irgacure 184”, manufactured by BASF Japan): 5 parts by mass. Polyether-modified silicone (Product name “TSF4460”, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials): 0.025 parts by mass. Toluene: 120 Part by mass / cyclohexanone: 30 parts by mass The amorphous silica particles were prepared by a gel method.

<Example 1>
Triacetyl cellulose substrate thickness 60μm as the light transmitting substrate (Fuji off Lee Lum Inc., TD60UL) was prepared, and on one surface of a triacetyl cellulose substrate, an antiglare layer composition 1 was applied, A coating film was formed. Next, 70 ° C. dry air was passed through the formed coating film at a flow rate of 0.2 m / s for 15 seconds, and then 70 ° C. dry air was passed through for 30 seconds at a flow rate of 10 m / s. By evaporating the solvent in the coating film, the coating film is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays with an integrated light amount of 100 mJ / cm ² under a nitrogen atmosphere (oxygen concentration of 200 ppm or less). An antiglare layer having a thickness of 4 μm was formed to produce an antiglare film according to Example 1.

<Example 2>
In Example 2, the antiglare layer composition 2 was used in place of the antiglare layer composition 1, and the antiglare layer was cured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the antiglare layer was 3 μm. A dazzling film was prepared.

<Example 3>
In Example 3, an antiglare film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the antiglare layer composition 3 was used instead of the antiglare layer composition 1.

<Example 4>
In Example 4, an antiglare film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the antiglare layer composition 4 was used instead of the antiglare layer composition 1.

<Comparative Example 1>
In Comparative Example 1, the antiglare layer composition 5 was used in place of the antiglare layer composition 1, and the antiglare layer was cured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the antiglare layer was set to 2 μm. A dazzling film was prepared.

<Comparative example 2>
In Comparative Example 2, the antiglare layer composition 6 was used in place of the antiglare layer composition 1, and the antiglare layer was cured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the antiglare layer was 3 μm. A dazzling film was prepared.

<Section observation of anti-glare film>
The cross section of the antiglare film obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 above was photographed using the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) function of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (S-4800, manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech), The obtained STEM cross-sectional photograph was observed. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional photograph of the antiglare film according to Example 1 taken using the scanning transmission electron microscope function of the scanning electron microscope, and FIG. 9 is an enlarged photograph thereof. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional photograph of the antiglare film according to Example 2 taken using the scanning transmission electron microscope function of the scanning electron microscope, and FIG. 11 is an enlarged photograph thereof.

  From the photograph in FIG. 8, it is confirmed that the organic fine particle aggregate is present, the inorganic fine particle aggregate is present, and the inorganic fine particle aggregate is at least at the uneven surface of the antiglare layer or in the vicinity thereof. In the inorganic fine particle aggregate existing on the surface of the surface of the antiglare layer or in the vicinity thereof, and being present at the position between the surface of the organic fine particle aggregate and at a position between the organic fine particle aggregates. It was confirmed that the aggregate diameter in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction was larger than the aggregate diameter in the thickness direction of the antiglare layer.

  In addition, as a result of image analysis of the photograph of FIG. 9, the inorganic fine particle aggregate separated from the position of the surface of the organic fine particle aggregate and the organic fine particle aggregate, and existing at the position between the organic fine particle aggregates is a binder resin. It was confirmed to have a bend with an inner region filled with.

  Similarly, from the photograph of FIG. 10, it is confirmed that single organic fine particles are unevenly distributed on the triacetyl cellulose substrate side, inorganic fine particle aggregates exist, and the inorganic fine particle aggregates are at least uneven surfaces of the antiglare layer. Or the position in the vicinity thereof, the position of the surface of the organic fine particles, the distance from the organic fine particles and existing at the position of the organic fine particles, and the inorganic present on the uneven surface of the antiglare layer or in the vicinity thereof In the fine particle aggregate, it was confirmed that the aggregate diameter in the direction orthogonal to the thickness direction was larger than the aggregate diameter in the thickness direction of the antiglare layer.

  Further, as a result of image analysis of the photograph of FIG. 11, the inorganic fine particle aggregates separated from the positions of the surface of the organic fine particle aggregates and the organic fine particle aggregates and located between the organic fine particle aggregates are binder resin. It was confirmed to include a bent portion having an inner region filled with.

<Anti-glare property>
In order to prevent back surface reflection via a transparent adhesive on the surface opposite to the surface on which the antiglare layer is formed in the triacetyl cellulose base material of each antiglare film obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples. A black acrylic plate was used as a sample. By visually observing this sample in a bright room environment, it was evaluated according to the following criteria whether or not 15 subjects were able to obtain an anti-glare property to the extent that the observer and the background of the observer were not concerned. .
◎: More than 10 people answered good ○: 5-9 people answered good ×: Less than 4 people answered good

<Glitter>
In each antiglare film obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, glare was evaluated as follows. 15 test subjects were visually inspected from various angles from the top and bottom of the light box (white surface light source) with a luminance of 1500 cd / m ² , 140 ppi black matrix glass, and anti-glare film from the bottom, from a distance of about 30 cm. Evaluation was performed. It was determined whether or not the glare was worrisome and was evaluated according to the following criteria.
◎: More than 10 people answered good ○: 5-9 people answered good ×: Less than 4 people answered good

<Blackness>
In each antiglare film obtained in the examples and comparative examples, the blackness was evaluated as follows. The polarizing plate on the outermost surface of the liquid crystal television “KDL-40X2500” manufactured by Sony Corporation was peeled off, and a polarizing plate without surface coating was attached. Next, the optical films according to Examples and Comparative Examples obtained thereon were transparent adhesive films for optical films (total light transmittance 91% or more, haze 0.3%, so that the antiglare layer side was the outermost surface. Hereafter, it stuck by the product of film thickness 20-50micrometer, for example, MHM series: the product made by a Niei processing company etc.). Install this LCD TV in a room with an illuminance of about 1000 Lx, display the DVD “Media Phantom” by Media Factory, and place it about 1.5 to 2.0 meters away from the LCD TV. The black color was evaluated by sensory evaluation by 15 subjects viewing this video. The blackness was determined by whether or not a moving image was displayed and whether the image had a high contrast and the image was shining or shining and felt a dynamic feeling. The evaluation criteria are as follows.
◎: More than 10 people answered good ○: 5-9 people answered good ×: Less than 4 people answered good

<Overall haze, internal haze, surface haze measurement>
About each anti-glare film obtained by the said Example and comparative example, the whole haze, the internal haze, and the surface haze were measured as follows. First, the overall haze value of the antiglare film was measured according to JIS K7136 using a haze meter (HM-150, manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory). Thereafter, a triacetyl cellulose base material (manufactured by Fuji Film, TD60UL) was attached to the surface of the antiglare layer via a transparent optical adhesive layer. Thereby, the uneven shape of the uneven surface in the antiglare layer was crushed, and the surface of the antiglare film became flat. In this state, using a haze meter (HM-150, manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory), the haze value was measured according to JIS K7136, and the internal haze value was obtained by subtracting the haze of the adhesive layer itself. And the surface haze value was calculated | required by subtracting an internal haze value from the whole haze value.

<Transparent image definition>
About each anti-glare film obtained by the Example and the comparative example, based on the measuring method of the image clarity by the transmission method of JIS K7105, a image clarity measuring device (model number: ICM-1T, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.) It set, the triacetylcellulose base material side was installed facing the light source, and the transmitted image clarity was measured. As optical combs, those having a width of 0.125 mm, 0.5 mm width, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm were used, and the transmitted image clarity was measured. Moreover, the average value was calculated | required by totaling the measured transmitted image definition.

<Measurement of Sm, θa, and Ra>
Sm, θa, and Ra were measured on the surface of each antiglare film obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples. The definitions of Sm and Ra shall conform to JIS B0601-1994, and θa shall conform to the surface roughness measuring instrument: SE-3400 / manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Co., Ltd. (revised 1995.07.20).

Specifically, Sm, θa, and Ra were measured under the following measurement conditions using a surface roughness measuring instrument (model number: SE-3400 / manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.).
1) Stylus of surface roughness detector (trade name SE2555N (2μ standard) manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.)
・ Tip radius of curvature 2μm, apex angle 90 degrees, material diamond 2) Measurement conditions of surface roughness measuring instrument ・ Reference length (cutoff value λc of roughness curve): 2.5 mm
Evaluation length (reference length (cutoff value λc) × 5): 12.5 mm
・ Feeding speed of stylus: 0.5mm / s
・ Preliminary length: (cutoff value λc) × 2
・ Vertical magnification: 2000 times ・ Horizontal magnification: 10 times

<Bend resistance test>
Each anti-glare film obtained in the examples and comparative examples was subjected to a bending resistance test using a bending tester having a mandrel, and the minimum diameter of the mandrel in which no crack was generated is shown in Table 2. The bending resistance test was performed according to JIS K5600-5-1 (1999).

<Abrasion resistance>
In each anti-glare film obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, steel wool # 0000 (product name: Bonstar, manufactured by Nippon Steel Wool Co., Ltd.) was used and a load of 700 g / cm ² was applied at a speed of 100 mm / second. After rubbing 10 times, a black tape was applied to the surface of the triacetylcellulose substrate opposite to the surface on which the antiglare layer was formed, and the presence or absence of scratches was evaluated by visual observation under a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp. The evaluation criteria for the scratch resistance evaluation were as follows.
○: Scratches were not confirmed, or some scratches were confirmed, but there was no practical problem.
X: Many scratches were confirmed.

The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

  As shown in Table 1, in Comparative Example 1, although good antiglare property was obtained, glare was inferior. This is because, in Comparative Example 1, irregularities on the surface of the antiglare layer are formed by amorphous silica, but because the amorphous silica is agglomerated, it is considered that a sharp change in the tilt angle has occurred. It is done. In Comparative Example 2, the antiglare property was good and the glare was not noticed, but the blackness was low. In Comparative Example 2, the surface of the antiglare layer was formed with acryl-styrene copolymer particles as the organic fine particles and the amorphous silica, and the glaze was suppressed because the haze was high. It can be considered that an excessively large inclination angle is generated in the unevenness because the amorphous silica is agglomerated. On the other hand, Examples 1-4 were good in anti-glare property, were not worried about glare, and black feeling was good.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 50 ... Anti-glare film 11, 51 ... Light-transmitting base material 12, 52 ... Anti-glare layer 12A, 52A ... Irregular surface 13, 53 ... 1st inorganic fine particle aggregate 14, 54 ... 2nd inorganic fine particle aggregation Aggregate 15 ... Organic fine particle aggregates 16, 56 ... Binder resin 20 ... Polarizing plate 21 ... Polarizer 30 ... Liquid crystal panel 40 ... Image display device 55 ... Organic fine particles

Claims (12)

An antiglare film comprising a light transmissive substrate and an antiglare layer provided on the light transmissive substrate,
The surface of the antiglare layer is an uneven surface,
The antiglare layer includes a binder resin, and a plurality of first inorganic fine particle aggregates present in the binder resin and aggregated with three or more inorganic fine particles,
The first inorganic fine particle aggregate is an antiglare film, which is formed by the inorganic fine particles being continuous, and includes a bent portion having an inner region filled with the binder resin.   2. The antiglare layer according to claim 1, wherein the presence ratio of the inorganic fine particle aggregates in the antiglare layer is higher on the light transmissive substrate side of the antiglare layer than on the uneven surface side of the antiglare layer. the film. The antiglare layer further includes a plurality of organic fine particle aggregates in which two or more organic fine particles are aggregated,
The first inorganic fine particle aggregate is present at least at a position on the surface of the organic fine particle aggregate and at a position apart from the organic fine particle aggregate and between the organic fine particle aggregates. 2. The antiglare film according to 2. The antiglare layer further includes a plurality of single organic fine particles unevenly distributed on the light transmissive substrate side,
3. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the first inorganic fine particle aggregate is present at least at a position on a surface of the organic fine particle and at a position spaced apart from the organic fine particle and the organic fine particle. . The antiglare layer further includes a plurality of second inorganic fine particle aggregates in which two or more inorganic fine particles are aggregated,
The second inorganic fine particle aggregate is present at the uneven surface or in the vicinity thereof, and is orthogonal to the thickness direction compared to the aggregate diameter of the second inorganic fine particle aggregate in the thickness direction of the antiglare layer. The antiglare film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second inorganic fine particle aggregate has a large aggregate diameter in a direction to be aligned.   The antiglare film according to claim 5, wherein the second inorganic fine particle aggregate has a smaller aggregate diameter in the thickness direction than the first inorganic fine particle aggregate.   In the first inorganic fine particle aggregate, the proportion of the inorganic fine particles in contact with one or more and three or less of the inorganic fine particles with respect to one inorganic fine particle is 95% or more. The antiglare film as described in any one of the above.   The antiglare film according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an average primary particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles constituting the first inorganic fine particle aggregate is 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less.   The antiglare film according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an average diameter of the first inorganic fine particle aggregates is 100 nm or more and 2.0 µm or less. An antiglare film according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
A polarizing plate comprising: a polarizer formed on a surface opposite to a surface on which the antiglare layer of the light transmissive substrate of the antiglare film is formed.   A liquid crystal display panel provided with the anti-glare film as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 9, or the polarizing plate of Claim 10.   An image display apparatus provided with the anti-glare film as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 9, or the polarizing plate of Claim 10.