JP2014148323A - Container conforming to iso standard - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To satisfy strength requirements specified in the ISO standard while satisfying high workability when cargo is carried in and out.SOLUTION: A container 1 conforming to the ISO standard comprises: a cargo compartment 2 into which cargo is loaded; and opening parts 30 which are installed in the cargo compartment 2 and to each of which a door is openably and closably mounted. The opening parts 30 are installed at least on both side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the cargo compartment 2. The container 1 has a floor member 8 which supports a floor surface of the cargo compartment 2. The floor member 8 has: side frames 9R, 9L which form both side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the floor member 8; a center cross member 9C which is stretched in a direction orthogonal to the side frames 9R, 9L; and top plates 10TR, 10TL and bottom plates 10BR, 10BL which connect between the side frames 9R, 9L of both side surfaces. A cross section of the floor member 8 parallel to the center cross member 9C decreases gradually as a distance from the center cross member 9C increases.

Description

  The present invention relates to a container conforming to the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard.

  A container that complies with the ISO standard satisfies a predetermined external dimension, a predetermined total gross weight, a predetermined strength condition, and the like defined by the ISO standard. This enables efficient container transportation, such as the ability to stack a number of containers of the same shape during sea or land transportation, and also provides cargo maintenance and cargo transportation by having a predetermined strength. The safety of the ship or vehicle is ensured.

  On the other hand, apart from containers conforming to the ISO standard, as seen in Patent Document 1, for example, there is a case in which workability at the time of loading and unloading cargo is emphasized and a door is provided on a side surface when viewed from the longitudinal direction of the container. . According to this, when it is desired to carry in / out a predetermined cargo, it is possible to open the door nearest to the cargo and carry in / out only the cargo or a small number of cargo around the cargo.

EP1136291A1

  In a container conforming to the ISO standard, a door used for loading and unloading cargo is only at the rear as viewed from the longitudinal direction. In this case, it is difficult to carry out only the cargo in the innermost part (frontmost part) of the container conforming to the ISO standard, and if almost all the cargo in front of the cargo in the innermost part is not carried out, Unable to carry out desired cargo. Also, if you have forgotten to load the cargo that should originally be loaded in the innermost part (frontmost part), it is difficult to load it in the innermost part if other cargo has already been loaded. It is. However, since the container conforming to the ISO standard is configured by the panel member of the wall surface except for the rear door, the predetermined strength condition defined by the ISO standard can be easily satisfied.

  On the other hand, the container of Patent Document 1 has high workability when loading and unloading cargo, but has a large opening for attaching a door, and has a lower strength than a container defined by the ISO standard. You may not be able to meet.

  Thus, good workability and strength at the time of loading and unloading cargo in the container are in a trade-off relationship.

  The present invention has been made under such a background, and is capable of satisfying the strength condition defined in the ISO standard while maintaining good workability when loading and unloading cargo. The purpose is to provide a container that complies with.

  The container conforming to the ISO standard of the present invention is a container conforming to the ISO standard having a cargo compartment in which cargo is loaded and an opening provided in the cargo compartment and to which a door can be freely opened and closed. A floor member provided on both side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the cargo compartment and supporting the floor surface of the cargo compartment, the floor member forming a side frame forming both side surfaces in the longitudinal direction, and a direction orthogonal to the side frame A cross-sectional area of the floor member parallel to the center cross member that gradually decreases as the distance from the center cross member increases. It is.

  Further, the floor member preferably has a plurality of beams in parallel with the center cross member.

  Furthermore, it has a door on one side surface in the short direction of the cargo compartment, and a wall member having a predetermined length from one end of the cargo compartment having the door to the other end in the longitudinal direction. Is preferred.

  According to the present invention, a container conforming to the ISO standard (hereinafter simply referred to as a container) capable of satisfying the strength conditions defined in the ISO standard while maintaining good workability during loading and unloading of cargo. ) Can be provided.

It is the figure which looked at the container which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the side. It is the figure which looked at the container of FIG. 1 from the upper surface. It is the perspective view which looked at the container of the state which removed the door from diagonally upward. It is the perspective view which looked at the container of the state which removed the door from diagonally downward. It is a figure which shows the cross section of the center part vicinity of the longitudinal direction of a floor member. It is a figure which shows cross sections other than the center part vicinity of the longitudinal direction of a floor member. It is a figure which shows the cross section of an edge part reinforcement member. It is a figure which shows the state which opened the door of the container of FIG. It is a figure which shows the state with which the cargo (pallet) was loaded in the container of FIG. It is a figure which shows the mode of carrying in / out of the cargo (pallet) of the container of FIG. It is a figure which shows the tolerance | permissible space | interval of two containers in the loading form with which two containers are piled up vertically.

  The configuration of the container 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the panel member 6 side of the container 1 is a front portion, and the door 3B side is a rear portion. Further, the front side of the paper surface shown in FIG. 1 is the left side, and the back side of the paper surface is the right side. In the following description, when it is easier to understand by distinguishing between left and right, R is attached to each symbol on the right side, and L is attached on the left side. Moreover, let the direction which goes to the rear part from the front part of the container 1 be a longitudinal direction, and let the direction orthogonal to this longitudinal direction be a transversal direction. FIG. 1 is a side view of the container 1. FIG. 2 is a view of the container 1 as seen from above. In the following, the top view as shown in FIG. 2 shows a state in which illustration of the ceiling panel and the corner bracket 5 is omitted for easy understanding of the state of the doors 3 and 3B.

  The container 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is carried on a vehicle or a ship (not shown). Here, a 40 ft (feet) container conforming to the so-called ISO standard will be described. However, this is an example, and the container of the present invention is not limited to 40 ft. The 40 ft container conforming to the ISO standard has an external dimension of 9 ft 6 in (inch) (2896 mm (millimeters)) × width 8 ft (2438 mm) × length 40 ft (12192 mm) and a maximum total mass of 30480 kg (kg). . The corner bracket 5 is for connecting the frames and the pillars constituting the container 1 to each other by welding, and slightly protrudes from the full length, the full width, and the full height of the cargo compartment 2.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the container 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped cargo chamber 2, has doors 3 on both side walls in the longitudinal direction thereof, and has a door 3B on the rear side. Moreover, it has the panel member 6 in the front part.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the door 3 includes right side small doors 31R, 32R, 33R, and 34R and left side small doors 31L, 32L, 33L, and 34L. The small doors 32R, 32L, 34R, 34L are attached to the main body of the container 1 by a hinge 4 so as to be freely opened and closed. Further, the small doors 31R and 31L and the small doors 32R and 32L, and the small doors 33R and 33L and the small doors 34R and 34L are rotatably connected by a hinge 4, respectively.

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the container 1 with the doors 3 and 3B removed as viewed from above. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the container 1 with the doors 3 and 3B removed as viewed from below. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the container 1 has a floor surface (not shown) on which cargo is loaded, and an opening 30 to which the door 3 can be opened and closed. The illustration of the floor surface is omitted for easy understanding of the configuration of the floor member 8. The openings 30 are provided on both side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the cargo compartment 2. The container 1 includes a floor member 8 that supports the floor surface. The floor member 8 includes side frames 9R and 9L that form both side surfaces in the longitudinal direction, and a side frame in a direction orthogonal to the side frames 9R and 9L. A center cross member 9C passed between 9R and 9L, and top plates 10TR and 10TL and bottom plates 10BR and 10BL, which are plate members connecting the side frames 9R and 9L to each other, are provided. Further, a side plate 10S is provided between the top plates 10TR and 10TL and the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL.

  The side frames 9R and 9L and the center cross member 9C use, for example, JIS standard I-shaped steel.

  Further, two small top plates 10T1 are welded between the two top plates 10TR and 10TL. Similarly, the two small bottom plates 10B1 are welded between the two bottom plates 10BR and 10BL. Further, a side plate 10S1 is also provided between the small top plate 10T1 and the small bottom plate 10B1. Thereby, the top plates 10TR and 10TL, the small top plate 10T1, the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL, and the small bottom plate 10B1 are provided around the center cross member 9C. As described above, by providing the top plates 10TR and 10TL, the small top plate 10T1, the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL, and the small bottom plate 10B1 around the center cross member 9C, the strength around the center cross member 9C can be increased.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the container 1 is in the vicinity of the center cross member 9C and the cross section of the floor member 8 parallel to the center cross member 9C (the cross section taken along the line AA in FIG. 4) has side frames 9R and 9L. Are formed as one quadrilateral having the inner walls facing each other, the top plates 10TR, 10TL and the bottom plates 10BR, 10BL on the sides. 4 is located slightly away from the center cross member 9C. In this case, a small top plate 10T1 is interposed in the center of the top plates 10TR and 10TL, and the center of the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL is located. Although the small bottom plate 10B1 is interposed in the portion, the illustration of the small top plate 10T1 and the small bottom plate 10B1 is omitted in FIG. If the AA line in FIG. 4 is positioned adjacent to the center cross member 9C, the result is as shown in FIG.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the container 1 has side frames 9R, 9L that are cross sections of the floor member 8 parallel to the center cross member 9C other than the vicinity of the center cross member 9C (cross section taken along line BB in FIG. 4). One of the inner walls facing each other, the first quadrilateral (right side) having the top plate 10TR, the bottom plate 10BR, and the side plate 10SR as sides, the other of the side walls 9R, 9L facing each other, the top plate 10TL, and the bottom plate 10BL and a second quadrilateral (left side) having side plates 10SL on the sides. The areas of the first and second quadrilaterals gradually decrease as the distance from the center cross member 9C increases. That is, the cross-sectional area of the floor member 8 parallel to the center cross member 9C gradually decreases as the distance from the center cross member 9C increases.

  Furthermore, the floor member 8 of the container 1 has a plurality of beams 12 parallel to the center cross member 9C, as shown in FIGS. The beam 12 supports the floor material when the floor material 8 is disposed on the floor member 8 and also acts as a reinforcing member for receiving stress in the short direction of the cargo compartment 2. 3 and 4, the beam 12 is configured to be joined to a side plate 10S provided between the top plates 10TR and 10TL and the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL.

  Furthermore, on one side surface in the short direction of the cargo compartment 2, there is a panel member 6 to which one end of the side frames 9R, 9L is joined. For example, the panel member 6 has a hollow structure, and has a plurality of partition plates that partition the short direction in the height direction inside the hollow structure. Since the partition plate partitions the short direction in the height direction of the panel member 6, the panel member 6 is a member having a structure that is difficult to warp. End portions of the side frames 9R and 9L are supported on the panel member 6 by welding or the like. According to this, the panel member 6 which does not easily warp against the force with which the side frames 9R and 9L warp downward tries to keep it horizontal with sufficient strength. In addition, since end reinforcing members 11R and 11L, which will be described later, are provided to be joined to the panel member 6 and the side frames 9R and 9L, the side frames 9R and 9L are further subjected to a force that tends to warp downward. On the other hand, this can be kept horizontal.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the container 1 includes end reinforcing members 11 </ b> R and 11 </ b> L composed of two triangular pillars each having a bottom surface that contacts one side of the triangle with the panel member 6 and the side frames 9 </ b> R and 9 </ b> L. FIG. 7 shows a cross section taken along line CC in FIG. 4 of the end reinforcing members 11R and 11L. As shown in FIG. 7, the end-reinforcing members 11 </ b> R and 11 </ b> L have two cross-sections taken along the C-C line. The two hollow box-shaped cross-sectional areas gradually decrease as the distance from the end portion increases.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the container 1 is provided with a door 3 </ b> B on the side surface (that is, the rear portion) facing the panel member 6 in the short direction of the cargo compartment 2. A wall surface member 7 having a predetermined length is provided from one end portion of the cargo compartment 2 supporting the door 3B toward the other end portion in the longitudinal direction. Thereby, the rear part of the container 1 includes the wall surface members 7R and 7L, the frame 13, a part of the frames 15R and 15L constituting the ceiling part of the container 1, the frame 15B, the pillars 16R and 16L, the pillars 17R and 17L, and the side frames. A predetermined strength can be secured by a part of 9R and 9L. The frame 13 is passed between the side frames 9R and 9L. For example, the frame 13 may be the same as the center cross member 9C, or the same structure as the panel member 6 may be used with different dimensions. Good.

  As described above, the corner fitting 5 is provided at the four corners of the floor member 8 in the container 1. Therefore, the floor member 8 of the container 1 is supported at four points by the corner fittings 5 provided at the four corners. Thereby, when cargo is loaded on the floor surface of the container 1 with an equal weight, the floor member 8 is subjected to the greatest stress in the vicinity of the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the cargo chamber 2. This stress gradually decreases from the vicinity of the center of the cargo compartment 2 toward the longitudinal end of the cargo compartment 2. Therefore, the areas of the top plates 10TR and 10TL and the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL gradually decrease from the vicinity of the central portion of the cargo compartment 2 toward the longitudinal end portion of the cargo compartment 2 in accordance with the stress that the floor member 8 receives. Accordingly, as described in FIGS. 5 and 6, the cross-sectional area formed by the side frames 9R and 9L, the top plates 10TR and 10TL, and the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL also extends from the vicinity of the center of the cargo chamber 2 to the longitudinal direction of the cargo chamber 2. It gradually decreases toward the end of the direction. Accordingly, the areas of the top plates 10TR and 10TL and the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL can be minimized to support the stress applied to the floor member 8. According to this, it is possible to avoid increasing the weight of the container 1 unnecessarily. As described above, the top plate 10TR, 10TL, the small top plate 10T1, the bottom plates 10BR, 10BL, and the small bottom plate 10B1 are provided around the center cross member 9C, so that the strength in the vicinity of the center of the cargo compartment 2 is increased. In particular, it can be increased.

  Next, the opening / closing mechanism of the doors 3 and 3B of the container 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the door of the container 1 is opened. As shown in FIG. 8, the doors 3 and 3 </ b> B of the container 1 are configured to be opened and closed by a hinge 4, and the small doors 31 </ b> R, 31 </ b> L, 33 </ b> R, and 33 </ b> L are folded by the hinge 4. In FIG. 8, the small doors 32R and 32L are not opened.

  Next, loading and unloading of cargo in the container 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a state in which cargo (pallet 18) is loaded on the container 1. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the cargo (pallet 18) in the container 1 is carried in and out.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the container 1 can be loaded with cargo such as a pallet 18. The pallet 18 is assumed to be a flat pallet for consistent transportation conforming to JIS Z0105 standard, and the dimensions are 1100 mm long × 1100 mm wide × 144 mm high. Accordingly, 20 pallets 18 in a maximum of 10 × 2 rows can be loaded in the container 1.

  Carrying in / out of the pallet 18 and the like to / from the container 1 can be performed from both the side door 3 and the rear door 3B. That is, the pallet 18 loaded in the container 1 is, as shown in FIG. 10, small doors 31R, 31L, 32R, 32L (shown in a closed state in FIG. 10), 33R, 33L34R, 34L, and door 3B. When the is opened, it is possible to carry in / out from the side surface and the rear part of the container 1.

  Next, the relationship between the size of the opening 30 and the amount of displacement of the side frames 9R and 9L will be described. Here, the allowable range of the displacement amount of the side frames 9R, 9L will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an interval between two containers 1-1 and 1-2 in a stacking form in which the container 1 is stacked in the vertical direction as two containers 1-1 and 1-2.

  The loading form shown in FIG. 11 is a loading form generally adopted when the container 1 is transported by sea. The containers 1-1 and 1-2 are shown in FIG. 11 even if the corner brackets 5-1 and 5-2 are connected by a fixing device called a twist lock so as to be shaken during transportation. The loading form can be kept. At this time, the distance between the container 1-1 and the container 1-2 is about 12.5 mm. Here, according to the provisions of the ISO standard, the container 1-1 should not interfere with other containers 1-2 even if it is the maximum load capacity. Therefore, the amount of displacement allowed for the side frame 9 must be less than 12.5 mm. Furthermore, in consideration of the actual usage situation of the container 1, considering the vibration during the transportation of the container 1 and the like, deducting 2.5 mm (20% of 12.5 mm) as a certain safety margin from 12.5 mm is 10.0 mm. It is. In the container 1 described above, it has been demonstrated that the displacement amount of the side frames 9R and 9L does not deviate from the above-described allowable range.

  As described above, the container 1 has various advantages as compared with the container conforming to the conventional ISO standard. For example, in a container conforming to the ISO standard with the door at the rear as in the prior art, when the pallet 18 is carried out, it can only be carried out after all the other pallets 18 have been carried out, whereas the door 3 on the side surface. According to the container 1 having the above, it is possible to easily carry out the cargo to be carried out. Moreover, since carrying in of the pallet 18 etc. to the container 1 can be loaded from the side door 3, arbitrary cargo can be easily loaded into arbitrary loading locations. Moreover, the container 1 can maintain a sufficient strength in view of the ISO standard.

  As a result, the same number of pallets 18 as the containers conforming to the conventional ISO standard can be loaded, and a small amount and a variety of parts are loaded in a plurality of pallets 18 and placed at predetermined positions. Can be loaded freely. For example, even when a part is forgotten to be loaded in the container 1, by opening one or more of the small doors 31R, 31L, 32R, 32L, 33R, 33L, 34R, 34L on the predetermined side, Only the part can be added and loaded at a predetermined position of the container 1 later. This is the same when unloading cargo from the container 1, and even if a part is forgotten to be unloaded from the container 1, small doors 31R, 31L, 32R, 32L, 33R, 33L, 34R, By opening any one or more of 34L, it is possible to drop only that part from a predetermined position of the container 1 later. Moreover, since the door 3 can be divided into small doors 31R, 31L, 32R, 32L, 33R, 33L, 34R, and 34L and can be folded, the space around the container 1 required to open the door 3 can be reduced. .

(Other embodiments)
Various modifications can be made to the embodiment of the present invention without departing from the gist thereof. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the side plate 10S is provided between the top plates 10TR and 10TL and the bottom plates 10BR and 10RL, but the side plate 10S may be omitted. Further, if the strength permits, either the top plate 10TR or 10TL or the bottom plate 10BR or 10RL may be omitted.

  In the above-described embodiment, the top plate 10TR, 10TL and the small top plate 10T1 are welded, and the bottom plate 10BR, 10BL and the small bottom plate 10B1 are welded. In addition, the surface formed by the top plates 10TR and 10TL, the small top plate 10T1, the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL, and the small bottom plate 10B1 may be formed as one plate material.

  When the side plate 10S is not provided between the top plates 10TR and 10TL and the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL, the beam 12 may be directly joined to the side frames 9R and 9L. In this case, the length of the beam 12 may be a fixed length having an interval between the side frame 9R and the side frame 9L, and the beam member can be easily manufactured.

  In addition, the panel member 6 may be configured by welding a plurality of steel plate square pillars having the height of the panel member 6.

  Further, the end reinforcing members 11R and 11L may be similarly configured using members corresponding to the top plates 10TR and 10TL, the bottom plates 10BR and 10BL, and the side plates 10S as shown in the middle diagram of FIG. . Further, when the end reinforcing members 11R and 11L are configured in this way, members corresponding to the side plates 10S may be omitted. Further, when the end reinforcing members 11R and 11L are configured in this way, either the top plate 10TR or 10TL or the bottom plate 10BR or 10BL may be omitted if the strength permits.

  Further, by changing the material of each frame and each pillar of the container 1 to a stronger material, the length of the wall surface member 7 in the longitudinal direction can be further shortened.

  In the above-described embodiment, the pallet 18 is exemplified as the loaded cargo of the container 1, but the loaded cargo may be any type. For example, the cargo may be directly loaded on the container 1 without using the pallet 18, or the cargo loaded on the pallet 18 and the cargo loaded without using the pallet 18 may be mixedly loaded. Alternatively, in the above-described embodiment, the usage form in the height direction of the container 1 is not described in detail, but if the height of the container 1 permits, cargo such as pallets 18 are stacked and loaded in a plurality of stages. May be.

  Moreover, it is good also as a structure which has the panel member 6 also in a rear part and does not have the door 3B in a rear part. With this configuration, the wall surface member 7 can be eliminated, or the area of the wall surface member 7 can be further reduced. Therefore, in this configuration, since the opening 30 on the side surface can be further enlarged although there is no rear door 3B, the workability during loading and unloading of cargo can be kept good.

  Further, the end reinforcing member 11 may be omitted. For example, the end reinforcing member 11 can be eliminated by further increasing the strength of the panel member 6 or the like.

  Further, the end reinforcing member 11 has been described as having a hollow box shape, but may be a substantial member. However, in this case, in order to reduce the weight of the end reinforcing member 11, it is preferable to use a material lighter than iron or the like.

  Moreover, although the beam 12 was described as being delivered in the short direction, it may be delivered in the longitudinal direction. However, in this case, the beam 12 does not act as a reinforcing member against the stress in the short direction of the floor member 8, but acts as a reinforcing member against the stress in the longitudinal direction of the floor member 8.

  Alternatively, the beam 12 may be omitted, and instead, a member having a strength that can be substituted for the beam 12 may be used as a floor member serving as a floor surface.

  Further, although the wall surface member 7 is described as a single steel plate, the wall surface member 7 may have the same structure as the panel member 6. In this case, since the strength of the wall surface member 7 is increased, the area of the wall surface member 7 can be reduced, and the length of the wall surface member 7 in the longitudinal direction can be further shortened.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Container, 2 ... Cargo compartment, 3, 3B ... Door, 6 ... Panel member, 7 ... Wall member, 8 ... Floor member, 9R, 9L ... Side frame, 9C ... Center cross member, 13 ... Frame, 10T ... Top Plate: 10B: Bottom plate, 11: End reinforcing member, 12: Beam, 18: Pallet (flat pallet for consistent transport of JIS Z0105), 30: Opening, 31R, 31L, 32R, 32L, 33R, 33L, 34R, 34L ... Small door

Claims (3)

In a container conforming to the ISO standard having a cargo compartment in which cargo is loaded and an opening provided in the cargo compartment to which a door can be freely opened and closed,
The opening is provided at least on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the cargo compartment,
A floor member for supporting the floor of the cargo compartment;
The floor member is
Side frames forming both longitudinal sides thereof;
A center cross member passed in a direction orthogonal to the side frame;
Plate members connecting the side frames on both side surfaces to each other;
Have
The cross-sectional area of the floor member parallel to the center cross member gradually decreases as the distance from the center cross member increases.
A container conforming to the ISO standard characterized by this. In a container compliant with the ISO standard according to claim 1,
The floor member has a plurality of beams in parallel with the center cross member,
A container conforming to the ISO standard characterized by this. In a container compliant with the ISO standard according to claim 1 or 2,
A door on one side in the short direction of the cargo compartment,
A wall member having a predetermined length from one end of the cargo compartment having the door toward the other end in the longitudinal direction;
A container conforming to the ISO standard characterized by this.

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