JP2014144542A - Display body - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display body capable of displaying a predetermined pattern from a base material having no pattern being visually recognized.SOLUTION: A display body is configured such that the shape of a micro-pattern is magnified to be displayed through a lens collection body by stacking together a pixel forming body (20) formed by arranging pixels each of which including micro-pattern difficult to recognized its shape by naked eyes on a base material surface at predetermined pitches and the lens collection body (10) formed by arranging convex micro-lenses at pitches generating moire on the pixel forming body. The array pitch of each region is set so that a first spatial frequency of the collection of pixels arranged in the predetermined region (P) of the pixel forming body (10) and a second spatial frequency of the collection of pixels arranged in a region (Q) other than the region (P) can be different from each other.

Description

  The present invention relates to a display body using moire.

  Various display bodies have been proposed that utilize the fact that when two patterns are superimposed on each other and pixels constituting both patterns are arranged at slightly different pitches, moire is generated between the two patterns.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, a pattern composed of an aggregate of pixels arranged at a predetermined pitch is formed on one surface of a transparent substrate, and a plurality of convex lenses are formed on the other surface of the transparent substrate. It is a display body in which an assembly of lenses arranged at a pitch is formed. The display body of Patent Document 1 is a display body that enables stereoscopic viewing of a pattern composed of the pixel aggregates by a moire effect generated between the pattern composed of the pixel aggregates and the lens aggregate.

JP 2008-12870 A

  In a conventional display body using a lens assembly formed by arranging a plurality of convex lenses and a moire phenomenon, for example, as seen in Patent Document 1, a plurality of convex lenses are arranged at a predetermined pitch on one surface of a transparent substrate. By forming an assembly of lenses and forming a pattern composed of an assembly of pixels formed on the other surface, the pattern can be displayed as an enlarged stereoscopic image.

  However, the lens assembly formed by arranging a plurality of convex lenses and the pixel assembly are integrally formed through a transparent substrate, and are always constant even if they change somewhat depending on the viewing angle or distance. However, there is a problem that the pattern itself does not change greatly.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a display body in which a predetermined pattern appears from a base material that looks as if no pattern is present at first glance.

The display body of the present invention solves the above problems by the following aspects.
In addition, the code | symbol in the parenthesis attached | subjected in each following aspect respond | corresponds with the code | symbol attached | subjected to drawing.

    According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pixel forming body (20) in which pixels (22) having a minute pattern that is difficult to recognize with the naked eye are arranged on a substrate surface at a predetermined pitch, and the pixel forming body. By overlapping the lens assembly (10) in which convex microlenses (12) are arranged at a pitch where moire occurs, the shape of the micropattern is enlarged and displayed through the lens assembly. In the display body, the first spatial frequency of a set of pixels arranged in the predetermined area (P) of the pixel formation body (20) and the set of pixels arranged in an area (Q) other than the area have. The arrangement pitch of each region is determined so as to be different from the second spatial frequency.

In general, the human naked eye can recognize the presence of the pixel itself when the side of the pixel or the diameter of the pixel is 300 μm or less, but it is difficult to recognize the shape of the pixel.
Furthermore, as in the pixel formation body (20) of the present invention, when the arrangement pitch of the pixels (22) varies from region to region, that is, when the spatial frequency of the set of pixels varies from region to region, the difference in spatial frequency for each region It is difficult to recognize.

  On the other hand, it expands through the lens assembly (10) in which convex microlenses are arranged according to the spatial frequency of the set of pixels (22) having micropatterns arranged in the pixel forming body (20). The displayed magnification changes. This is due to the moire phenomenon.

The present invention has been made in view of the human visual characteristics and the moire effect as described above, and according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is arranged in a predetermined region (P) of the substrate (21). Pixel formation body (20) in which the arrangement pitch of the pixels is adjusted so that the first spatial frequency of the set of pixels and the second spatial frequency of the pixels arranged in the other region (Q) have different values. On the other hand, by superimposing a lens assembly (10) in which convex microlenses (12) are arranged at a constant pitch on a transparent substrate (11), each region on the pixel forming body (20) is overlapped. A state in which the value of the spatial frequency of the set of pixels is different depending on the region is expressed through the lens assembly (10).
As a result, the difference in the spatial frequency of the set of pixels for each region set in advance on the pixel formation body (20) is expressed in a state that can be visually recognized as a pattern corresponding to the shape of the region.

  Furthermore, according to the first aspect, when the lens assembly (10) is overlaid on the pixel formation body (20) by setting the first and second spatial frequencies, for example, the lens assembly (10) is arranged in a predetermined region (P). The enlarged pixel is displayed and the shape of the pixel is visible, and the pixels arranged in the other region (Q) are hardly enlarged and can be viewed as they are in a state close to the pixel before being overlapped. .

    According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the pixel formation body (20) and the lens assembly (10) are separate bodies.

According to the 2nd aspect, the said pixel formation body (20) can be distribute | circulated as the said lens assembly (10) as a separate thing. Alternatively, the lens assembly (10) can be freely moved on the surface of the pixel formation body (20) where the pixels are formed.
At this time, since the microlenses (12) themselves constituting the lens assembly (10) and the arrangement pitch of the microlenses are constant, the lens assembly (20) is located anywhere on the surface of the pixel forming body (20). The state of the pattern that appears even if 10) is moved is constant.

    According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the pixel (22) is a halftone dot for printing.

According to the third aspect, since the pixel (22) is a halftone dot for printing, the pixel forming body (20) is observed as a normal printed matter at first glance.
The halftone dot for printing here means a halftone dot for offset printing and a pseudo halftone dot used in various printer apparatuses represented by a laser beam printer and an ink jet printer.

  In particular, the halftone dots used in the third embodiment have a constant halftone dot arrangement pitch and change the area of each halftone dot according to the gradation to be expressed, that is, AM (Amplitude Modulation). ) A halftone dot called method is assumed.

Therefore, the spatial frequency described in the first aspect corresponds to the number of screen lines of the halftone dot in the third aspect. In the third aspect, the spatial frequency in the predetermined region (P) of the pixel formation body (20). The halftone dots arranged are the halftone dots of the screen line number corresponding to the first spatial frequency, and the halftone dots arranged in the other area (Q) are the halftone dots of the screen line number corresponding to the second spatial frequency. Become.

  On the printed matter corresponding to the pixel forming body (20) which appears through the lens assembly (10) by superimposing the lens assembly (10) on the pixel forming body (20) having such a configuration. A halftone image enlarged to a predetermined area is displayed. Therefore, according to the 3rd aspect, the unexpectedness as a display body further increases.

  According to the present invention, an aggregate of pixels is formed on a base material, and the aggregate of pixels is superimposed on a pixel formation having a predetermined pattern that is not visually recognized. There is an effect that the predetermined pattern is visible.

It is a conceptual diagram of the display body of this invention. It is an expanded sectional view of the display body of the present invention. It is a graph explaining the principle of the display body of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a display body of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the display body. In the figure, 10 is a lens assembly, and 20 is a pixel forming body. As shown in FIG. 2A, in the lens assembly 10, convex microlenses 12 are arranged at a predetermined arrangement pitch δl on at least one surface of a transparent substrate 11. As shown in FIG. 2B, the pixel forming body 20 includes pixels 22 each having a minute pattern that is difficult to recognize with the naked eye at a predetermined pitch. The arrangement pitch is adjusted to be different. In the example of FIG. 2B, the arrangement pitch of the pixels 22 formed in the region P is δp, the arrangement pitch of the pixels 22 formed in the region Q is δq, and δp <δq.

In such an example, the relationship between the arrangement pitch of the pixels 22 constituting the pixel forming body 20 and the arrangement pitch of the microlenses 12 constituting the lens assembly 10 is any of the following combinations.
(A) δp <δq <δl
(B) δp <δq = δl
(C) δp <δl <δq
(2) δl = δp <δq
(E) δl <δp <δq

In each combination of the arrangement pitch of the pixels 22 and the arrangement pitch of the microlenses 12 described above, each pattern that appears when the pixel forming body 20 and the lens assembly 10 are overlaid will be described.
In the following description, the arrangement frequency of the pixels 22 constituting the pixel forming body 20 and the arrangement direction of the microlenses 12 constituting the lens assembly 10 are coincident with each other, or the spatial frequency due to the deviation of the arrangement direction. The influence of the difference in the directional component of can be ignored.

In the cases of (a), (c), and (e), a moiré image is generated by a moiré effect that is different in the regions P and Q in the pattern displayed from the display body. The moire image corresponds to an image in which the pixels 22 are enlarged and displayed by the moire effect, and the moire image becomes larger as the difference between the arrangement pitch δl of the microlenses 12 and the arrangement pitch of the pixels 22 is smaller.
Therefore, even if the shape of each pixel 22 is not large enough to be visually recognized, the pixel 22 is enlarged and can be visually recognized by the moire effect.
However, when the distance of one cycle of the moire image generated in the cases of (a), (c), and (e) is deviated from the ranges of the regions P and Q, or is close to the deviated state, it is recognized as an enlarged image It becomes difficult.

In the case of (b), the region P is the only region where the enlarged display by moire appears on the display body.
This is because the moire effect does not occur when δq = δl.

In the case of (2), the region where the enlarged display by moire appears on the display body is only the region Q.
This is because the moire effect does not occur when δp = δl.

FIG. 3 is a graph for explaining the principle of the display body of the present invention. When the lens assembly 10 is superimposed on the surface of the pixel forming body 20 on which the pixels 22 are formed, the lens assembly 10 is shown. This shows the state of the moire image that is displayed through the screen.
In the following description, it is assumed that the focal planes of the microlenses 12 that constitute the lens assembly 10 and the formation planes of the pixels 22 that constitute the pixel formation body 20 coincide with each other. Therefore, the influence of the distance between the microlens 12 and the pixel 22 can be ignored.

In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents the spatial frequency ωs of the set of pixels 22 (the unit is “cycle / millimeter”, hereinafter referred to as c / mm), and the vertical axis represents the moire fringe spacing λm (the unit is “millimeter”). ", Hereinafter referred to as mm).

The lens assembly 10 is configured such that hemispherical microlenses 12 having a diameter of 80 μm are regularly arranged in a lattice pattern at a pitch of 100 μm. Therefore, the spatial frequency ωl (the unit is “cycle / millimeter”, hereinafter referred to as c / mm) of the micro lens constituting the lens assembly is 10 c / mm.

The pixel forming body 20 is formed by regularly arranging circular pixels 22 having a diameter of 25 μm in a lattice shape, and the spatial frequency ωs of a set of pixels is changed from 1 c / mm to 20 c by changing the arrangement pitch of the pixels. / Mm.

  As a result, when the spatial frequency ωs of the set of pixels 22 is less than 8 c / mm, the moiré fringe spacing λm that appears is less than 1 mm. Furthermore, when ωs is 6 c / mm or less, λm is 0.5 mm or less, and it is difficult to visually recognize the shape of the pixel.

  When the spatial frequency ωs of the set of pixels 22 exceeds 8.5 c / mm, the moire fringe spacing λm suddenly increases.

  When the spatial frequency ωs due to the set of pixels 22 exceeds 12 c / mm, the moire fringe spacing λm suddenly decreases. Further, when ωs is 14 c / mm or less, λm is 0.5 mm or less, and the pixel shape is difficult to visually recognize.

  When the spatial frequency ωs due to the set of pixels 22 reaches 10 c / mm, the spatial frequency ωl due to the set of microlenses becomes the same, so moire fringes diverge and a moire image cannot be obtained.

Even if the spatial frequency ωs due to the set of the pixels 22 is other than 10 c / mm, the moiré image becomes too large in the range of ωs from 9.5 c / mm to 10.5 c / mm, making it difficult to see.

  From the above, in order to display the pixel well when the pixel forming body 20 and the lens assembly 10 are superposed, the spatial frequency of the set of pixels 22 with respect to the value of the spatial frequency ωl of the set of microlenses 12. The rate of changing the value of ωs is set in the range of ± 5% to ± 25%, more preferably in the range of ± 10% to ± 20%.

  Furthermore, in order to make it difficult to recognize the difference between the region P and the region Q when the pixel forming body 21 is visually observed, the diameter or the length of one side of the pixel 22 is smaller than 300 μm, and the pixel 22 Is preferably smaller than the arrangement pitch of the microlenses 12 of the lens assembly 10. That is, the spatial frequency ωs of the set of pixels 22 formed in the region P and the region Q is preferably larger than the spatial frequency ωl of the microlens 12.

<Example>
Hereinafter, an example in which the pixels 22 constituting the pixel forming body 20 are halftone dots for printing will be described.

(Configuration of lens assembly)
The lens assembly 10 was prepared by regularly arranging hemispherical microlenses having a diameter of 80 μm in a lattice shape at a pitch of 100 μm. Therefore, the spatial frequency ωl of the microlenses constituting the lens assembly is 10 c / mm.

(Configuration of pixel forming body)
The pixel forming body 20 was a printed matter in which an image composed of halftone dots made by the AM method was printed on the base material 21 by the offset printing method.

The pixel forming body 20 uses a square base material 21 having a side of 100 millimeters, a circular region P having a diameter of 30 millimeters is formed at the center of the base material 21, and regions other than the region P are defined as regions Q. A halftone dot was formed in each of the regions P and Q with the number of screen lines corresponding to the following spatial frequency. In this case, both the region P and the region Q are flat screens with a dot area ratio of 50%.
(Record)
Spatial frequency of halftone dots in region P ... 12c / mm
Spatial frequency of halftone dots in region Q: 20c / mm

(Observation results)
As an observation condition, the pixel forming body 20 was placed on a table so that the observer's eyes came to a position 0.5 meters vertically away from the surface of the pixel forming body 20.
An observer with a naked eye and a visual acuity of 1.5 observed the pixel forming body 20 under the above observation conditions.
As a result, the difference between the region P and the region Q could not be clearly recognized visually.

Next, the lens assembly 10 was observed while being superimposed on the surface of the pixel forming body 20 on which the halftone dots were formed under the same conditions as the observation conditions.
As a result, there was a clear difference between the displayed images corresponding to the region P and the region Q formed on the pixel forming body 20, and the shapes of the region P and the region Q were visually recognized.

In the present embodiment, the halftone dot shape is displayed in an enlarged manner in the exposed image corresponding to the region P so as to be visible. The displayed image corresponding to the other region Q was not enlarged so that the shape of the halftone dots could be recognized, and the pixels could be viewed as they were in a state close to the pixels before being overlaid.

<Modification>
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications are possible, and these are also within the equivalent scope of the present invention. Examples include the following.

(1) In this embodiment, the pixel forming body in which the printing halftone dot is a flat halftone has been described as an example. However, the pixel forming member may be a printing halftone dot represented by gradations that can be seen in a normal printed matter.
In the case of printed halftone dots expressed in gradation, even when the spatial frequency difference between the region P and the region Q on the pixel forming body is large, the difference is difficult to visually recognize.

(2) In the present embodiment, an example in which pixels and microlenses are arranged in a lattice shape is shown, but it is sufficient that the arrangement of pixels and microlenses is regular. For example, they may be arranged in a checkered pattern.

(3) In this embodiment, the case where the shape of the pixel is circular has been described as an example. However, the shape of the pixel may be any shape, and even if the area of each pixel is different like a printing halftone dot. Good.

(4) The substrate 21 constituting the pixel forming body 20 may be a transparent substrate such as a resin film or an opaque substrate such as printing paper.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Lens assembly 12 ... Micro lens 20 ... Pixel formation body 22 ... Pixel

Claims (3)

A pixel forming body in which pixels having a minute pattern that is difficult to recognize with the naked eye are arranged on a substrate surface at a predetermined pitch, and convex minute lenses are arranged at a pitch at which moire occurs with respect to the pixel forming body. In a display body in which the shape of the minute pattern is enlarged and displayed through the lens assembly by superimposing the lens assembly,
Each region so that a first spatial frequency of a set of pixels arranged in a predetermined region of the pixel formation body is different from a second spatial frequency of a set of pixels arranged in a region other than the region. A display body characterized by defining an arrangement pitch of.   The display body according to claim 1, wherein the pixel formation body and the lens assembly are separate bodies. The display body according to claim 1, wherein the pixel is a halftone dot for printing.

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