JP2014142273A - Strength inspection method and data output device for strength evaluation - Google Patents

Strength inspection method and data output device for strength evaluation Download PDF

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JP2014142273A
JP2014142273A JP2013011110A JP2013011110A JP2014142273A JP 2014142273 A JP2014142273 A JP 2014142273A JP 2013011110 A JP2013011110 A JP 2013011110A JP 2013011110 A JP2013011110 A JP 2013011110A JP 2014142273 A JP2014142273 A JP 2014142273A
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Hiroshi Kawasaki
拓 川▲崎▼
Hideyuki Nakamura
英之 中村
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IHI Inspection and Instrumentation Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To allow the reduction of a time required for tensile strength inspection of a test piece by reducing the probability that a maximum value of a load value to be initially applied to the text piece is erroneously set.SOLUTION: In a test period, a tensile load applied to a test piece is increased as time passes, and the magnitude of an AE wave generated in the test piece by the tensile load is measured at respective time points within the test period (S1). A plurality of frequency components of the AE wave in a plurality of load application sections included in the test period are obtained on the basis of measured magnitudes at respective time points (S2). A centroid frequency of the AE wave is obtained on the basis of the plurality of frequency components about each load application section (S3). A load application section in which the centroid frequency is lower than that in the previous load application section is specified among the plurality of load application sections, and the magnitude of the tensile load applied to the test piece in the specified load application section is determined to be a tensile strength of the test piece (S5).

Description

本発明は、繊維強化複合材料(FRP:Fiber Reinforced Plastic)である試験体の引張強度を検査する強度検査方法に関する。また、本発明は、試験体の引張強度を特定するための強度評価用データを生成して出力する強度評価用データ出力装置に関する。より詳しくは、本願発明は、試験体に引張荷重を与えることにより、試験体に生じたAE波(acoustic emission)に基づいて、試験体の引張強度を検査する技術に関する。   The present invention relates to a strength inspection method for inspecting the tensile strength of a test body that is a fiber reinforced composite material (FRP). The present invention also relates to a strength evaluation data output device that generates and outputs strength evaluation data for specifying the tensile strength of a specimen. More specifically, the present invention relates to a technique for inspecting the tensile strength of a specimen based on an AE wave (acoustic emission) generated in the specimen by applying a tensile load to the specimen.

FRPは、ロケットや航空機などに用いられている。特に、炭素繊維強化複合材料(CFRP:Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic)は、強度と剛性に優れている。FRPでは、積層の剥離や繊維の断線が生じた後に破壊に至る。   FRP is used in rockets and aircraft. In particular, carbon fiber reinforced composite material (CFRP: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) is excellent in strength and rigidity. In FRP, breakage occurs after delamination and fiber breakage occur.

このようなFRPの引張強度を検査するために、カイザー効果を利用することが行われている。カイザー効果とは、材料に引張荷重を与え、再び、材料に引張荷重を与える場合に、この引張荷重が先に与えた引張荷重に至るまでは、材料にAE波が生じない現象である。なお、AE波は、材料の変形や破壊などにより、材料に発生する音波である。カイザー効果は、健全な材料において得られる。   In order to inspect the tensile strength of such FRP, the Kaiser effect is used. The Kaiser effect is a phenomenon in which, when a tensile load is applied to a material and then a tensile load is applied to the material again, no AE wave is generated in the material until the tensile load reaches the previously applied tensile load. The AE wave is a sound wave generated in the material due to deformation or destruction of the material. The Kaiser effect is obtained with sound materials.

カイザー効果を利用した検査方法を図1に基づいて説明する。この検査方法では、図1に示すように複数回にわたって試験体に引張荷重を与え、各回で発生したAE波に基づいて、材料の引張強度を求める。詳しくは、以下の通りである。   An inspection method using the Kaiser effect will be described with reference to FIG. In this inspection method, as shown in FIG. 1, a tensile load is applied to the specimen multiple times, and the tensile strength of the material is obtained based on the AE wave generated each time. Details are as follows.

まず、期間Tにおいて試験体に引張荷重を与える。期間Tでは、引張荷重が第1の最大値Wになるまで、この引張荷重を徐々に増やしていく。引張荷重が第1の最大値Wになったら、引張荷重を試験体から取り除く。
その後、期間Tにおいて、再び、試験体に引張荷重を与える。期間Tでは、引張荷重が、第1の最大値Wより大きい第2の最大値Wになるまで、この引張荷重を徐々に増やしていく。引張荷重が第2の最大値Wになったら、引張荷重を試験体から取り除く。
その後、期間Tにおいて、再び、試験体に引張荷重を与える。期間Tでは、引張荷重が、第2の最大値Wより大きい第3の最大値Wになるまで、この引張荷重を徐々に増やしていく。引張荷重が第3の最大値Wになったら、引張荷重を試験体から取り除く。
First, it provides a tensile load to the specimen in the period T 1. In the period T 1, until the tensile load is the maximum value W 1 first, will increase the tensile load gradually. When the tensile load, which is the maximum value W 1 first, removing the tensile load from the test body.
Thereafter, in the period T 2, again, it gives a tensile load to the specimen. In the period T 2 , the tensile load is gradually increased until the tensile load reaches a second maximum value W 2 that is larger than the first maximum value W 1 . When the tensile load, which is the maximum value W 2 of the second, removing the tensile load from the test body.
Thereafter, in period T 3 , a tensile load is again applied to the test body. In the period T 3 , this tensile load is gradually increased until the tensile load reaches a third maximum value W 3 that is greater than the second maximum value W 2 . When the tensile load becomes the third maximum value W 3 of, removing the tensile load from the test body.

試験体が、引張荷重により破壊されると、カイザー効果が得られなくなる。これを検出するために、引張荷重を与えた各回(各期間T、T、T)について、フェリシティ比を求める。フェリシティ比とは、引張荷重を与えた各回において、AE波が検出された時の引張荷重を、前回に与えた引張荷重の最大値で割った値である。健全な材料では、カイザー効果が得られるので、フェリシティが1となり、引張荷重により損傷した材料では、カイザー効果が得られなくなるので、フェリシティ比が1よりも小さくなる。したがって、フェリシティ比が1よりも小さくなった回の直前の回で与えた引張荷重の範囲で、試験体が破壊されたことが分かる。 When the specimen is broken by a tensile load, the Kaiser effect cannot be obtained. In order to detect this, a felicity ratio is obtained for each time (each period T 1 , T 2 , T 3 ) in which a tensile load is applied. The ferricity ratio is a value obtained by dividing the tensile load when the AE wave is detected at each time when the tensile load is applied by the maximum value of the tensile load applied last time. Since the Kaiser effect is obtained with a sound material, the ferricity is 1, and the Kaiser effect cannot be obtained with a material damaged by a tensile load, so the ferricity ratio is smaller than 1. Therefore, it can be seen that the test specimen was destroyed within the range of the tensile load applied in the round immediately before the felicity ratio was smaller than 1.

カイザー効果を利用して試験体の健全性を検査する方法は、例えば下記の特許文献1に記載されている。   A method for inspecting the soundness of a specimen using the Kaiser effect is described in, for example, Patent Document 1 below.

特開平10−090235号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-090235

しかし、上述した検査方法について、以下のように、2つの課題がある。   However, the inspection method described above has two problems as follows.

第1に、上述した検査方法では、試験体に最初に与える荷重値の最大値の設定を誤ると、試験体の引張強度を評価できなくなる。最初に与える荷重値の最大値(第1の最大値W)を、試験体の引張強度よりも大きい値に誤って設定した場合には、カイザー効果が得られなくなる。その結果、カイザー効果を利用した検査方法が成立しなくなるので、試験体の引張強度を評価できなくなる。 First, in the inspection method described above, if the maximum value of the load value that is initially applied to the test specimen is mistaken, the tensile strength of the test specimen cannot be evaluated. If the maximum load value (first maximum value W 1 ) applied first is mistakenly set to a value larger than the tensile strength of the specimen, the Kaiser effect cannot be obtained. As a result, since an inspection method using the Kaiser effect is not established, the tensile strength of the specimen cannot be evaluated.

第2に、上述した検査方法では、引張荷重を与える作業と引張荷重を除く作業とを繰り返すので、時間がかかる。   Secondly, in the inspection method described above, the operation of applying a tensile load and the operation of removing the tensile load are repeated, which takes time.

そこで、本発明の目的は、試験体の引張強度検査において、試験体に最初に与える荷重値の最大値の設定を誤る可能性を小さくし、所要時間を減らすことができる手段を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a means capable of reducing the required time by reducing the possibility of erroneous setting of the maximum value of the load value initially applied to the test body in the tensile strength inspection of the test body. is there.

上述の目的を達成するため、本発明は、繊維強化複合材料である試験体の引張強度を検査する強度検査方法であって、
試験開始時点から試験終了時点までの試験期間において、試験体に与える引張荷重を、時間の経過に従って増やし、
この引張荷重により試験体に生じるAE波の大きさを、前記試験期間内の各時点で計測し、
計測した各時点のAE波の大きさに基づいて、周波数成分演算部により、前記試験期間に含まれる複数の荷重印加区間の各々における前記AE波の複数の周波数成分を求め、
前記各荷重印加区間について、前記複数の周波数成分に基づいて、重心周波数演算部により、AE波の重心周波数を求め、
前記複数の荷重印加区間のうち、先の荷重印加区間よりも重心周波数が下がっている荷重印加区間を特定し、
特定した荷重印加区間において試験体に与えた引張荷重の大きさを、試験体の引張強度と判定する、ことを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is a strength inspection method for inspecting the tensile strength of a test body that is a fiber-reinforced composite material,
During the test period from the start of the test to the end of the test, increase the tensile load applied to the specimen as time passes,
The magnitude of the AE wave generated in the specimen by this tensile load is measured at each time point within the test period,
Based on the measured magnitude of the AE wave at each time point, the frequency component calculation unit obtains a plurality of frequency components of the AE wave in each of the plurality of load application sections included in the test period,
For each load application section, based on the plurality of frequency components, the center-of-gravity frequency calculation unit obtains the center-of-gravity frequency of the AE wave,
Among the plurality of load application sections, identify the load application section where the center of gravity frequency is lower than the previous load application section,
The magnitude of the tensile load applied to the specimen in the specified load application section is determined as the tensile strength of the specimen.

また、上述の目的を達成するため、本発明は、試験開始時点から試験終了時点までの試験期間において、繊維強化複合材料である試験体に与える引張荷重を、時間の経過に従って増やし、この引張荷重により試験体に生じるAE波の大きさを、前記試験期間内の各時点で計測した場合に、計測した各時点のAE波の大きさから、引張強度を評価可能なデータを生成して出力する装置であって、
計測した各時点のAE波の前記大きさに基づいて、前記試験期間に含まれる複数の荷重印加区間の各々における前記AE波の複数の周波数成分を求める周波数成分演算部と、
前記各荷重印加区間について、前記複数の周波数成分に基づいて、AE波の重心周波数を求める重心周波数演算部と、
前記各荷重印加区間の重心周波数と、該荷重印加区間において試験体に与えた引張荷重とを、試験体強度評価用データとして出力する評価用データ出力部と、を備える、ことを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention increases the tensile load applied to the test body, which is a fiber-reinforced composite material, with the passage of time during the test period from the start of the test to the end of the test. When the magnitude of the AE wave generated in the test body is measured at each time point within the test period, data capable of evaluating the tensile strength is generated and output from the measured AE wave magnitude at each time point. A device,
A frequency component calculation unit for obtaining a plurality of frequency components of the AE wave in each of a plurality of load application sections included in the test period based on the measured magnitude of the AE wave at each time point;
For each load application section, based on the plurality of frequency components, a center-of-gravity frequency calculation unit that calculates a center-of-gravity frequency of an AE wave;
And an evaluation data output unit that outputs the gravity center frequency of each load application section and the tensile load applied to the test body in the load application section as test body strength evaluation data.

本発明は、次の原理に基づいてなされている。まず、試験体である繊維強化複合材料に引張荷重を与え、この荷重を、時間の経過に従って大きくしていく場合を想定する。繊維強化複合材料は、引張荷重により破壊されると、この材料には、高い周波数のAE波が伝わり難くなると考えられる。したがって、引張荷重により破壊された時点以降では、引張荷重により発生するAE波の重心周波数が下がる。従って、重心周波数が低下した時に、繊維強化複合材料に与えた引張荷重が、この材料の引張強度になる。   The present invention is based on the following principle. First, a case is assumed in which a tensile load is applied to a fiber reinforced composite material as a test body, and this load is increased as time passes. When a fiber-reinforced composite material is broken by a tensile load, it is considered that high-frequency AE waves are not easily transmitted to the material. Therefore, after the time when it is broken by the tensile load, the center-of-gravity frequency of the AE wave generated by the tensile load decreases. Therefore, when the center-of-gravity frequency is lowered, the tensile load applied to the fiber-reinforced composite material becomes the tensile strength of this material.

このような原理に基づいて、上述した本発明では、試験開始時点から試験終了時点までの試験期間において、試験体に与える引張荷重を、時間の経過に従って増やすとともに、試験体に生じるAE波の大きさを各時点で計測し、計測した各時点のAE波の大きさに基づいて、前記試験期間に含まれる複数の荷重印加区間の各々について、AE波を形成する複数の周波数成分を求め、当該複数の周波数成分に基づいて、AE波の重心周波数を求め、前記複数の荷重印加区間のうち、先の荷重印加区間よりも重心周波数が下がっている荷重印加区間を特定する。特定した荷重印加区間において試験体に与えた引張荷重の大きさを、試験体の引張強度と判定することができる。   Based on such a principle, in the present invention described above, in the test period from the test start time to the test end time, the tensile load applied to the test object is increased as time passes, and the magnitude of the AE wave generated in the test object is increased. And measuring a plurality of frequency components forming an AE wave for each of a plurality of load application sections included in the test period based on the magnitude of the measured AE wave at each time point, Based on a plurality of frequency components, the center-of-gravity frequency of the AE wave is obtained, and among the plurality of load application sections, a load application section where the center-of-gravity frequency is lower than the previous load application section is specified. The magnitude of the tensile load applied to the specimen in the specified load application section can be determined as the tensile strength of the specimen.

したがって、本発明では、カイザー効果を利用せずに、試験体の引張強度を求めることができるので、試験体に与える荷重値の最大値の設定を誤る可能性が小さくなる。
さらに、本発明では、試験体に与える引張荷重を時間の経過に従って増やすことを1回行うだけでも、試験体の引張強度を求めることができる。したがって、試験体の引張強度検査に要する時間を減らすことができる。
Therefore, in the present invention, since the tensile strength of the test specimen can be obtained without using the Kaiser effect, the possibility of erroneous setting of the maximum value of the load value applied to the test specimen is reduced.
Furthermore, in the present invention, the tensile strength of the test specimen can be obtained by only increasing the tensile load applied to the test specimen as time passes. Therefore, the time required for the tensile strength inspection of the test body can be reduced.

カイザー効果を利用した強度検査方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the intensity inspection method using the Kaiser effect. 本発明の実施形態による強度評価用データ出力装置を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the data output apparatus for intensity | strength evaluation by embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態による強度検査方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the intensity inspection method by embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施例による強度検査方法で得られた結果を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the result obtained by the intensity inspection method by the Example of this invention.

本発明の好ましい実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。なお、各図において共通する部分には同一の符号を付し、重複した説明を省略する。   A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the common part in each figure, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

図1は、本発明の実施形態による強度評価用データ出力装置10を示すブロック図である。強度評価用データ出力装置10は、試験体に引張荷重を与えた時に試験体に生じたAE波の計測データから、引張強度を評価可能なデータを生成して出力する。ここで、計測データは、次のように得られる。すなわち、試験期間において、試験体に与える引張荷重を、時間の経過に従って増やし、この引張荷重により試験体に生じるAE波の大きさを、試験期間内の各時点で計測し、これにより得られた当該各時点の当該大きさが計測データとなる。   FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a strength evaluation data output apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The strength evaluation data output device 10 generates and outputs data capable of evaluating the tensile strength from the measurement data of the AE wave generated in the test body when a tensile load is applied to the test body. Here, the measurement data is obtained as follows. That is, during the test period, the tensile load applied to the test specimen was increased as time passed, and the magnitude of the AE wave generated in the test specimen due to this tensile load was measured at each time point within the test period, and thus obtained. The size at each time point becomes measurement data.

強度評価用データ出力装置10は、周波数成分演算部3と重心周波数演算部5と評価用データ出力部7とを備える。   The strength evaluation data output device 10 includes a frequency component calculation unit 3, a centroid frequency calculation unit 5, and an evaluation data output unit 7.

周波数成分演算部3には、試験期間における各時点と、当該各時点に計測されたAE波の大きさの計測値とが互いに関連づけられている上述の計測データが入力される。周波数成分演算部3は、入力された計測データに基づいて、前記試験期間に含まれる複数の荷重印加区間の各々における前記AE波の周波数成分を求める。より詳しくは、周波数成分演算部3は、当該荷重印加区間毎に、当該荷重印加区間における各時点の大きさの計測値に基づいて、かつ、他の荷重印加区間における各時点の大きさの計測値には基づかないで、AE波を形成する複数の周波数成分を求める。   The frequency component calculation unit 3 receives the above-described measurement data in which each time point in the test period and the measurement value of the magnitude of the AE wave measured at each time point are associated with each other. The frequency component calculation unit 3 obtains the frequency component of the AE wave in each of the plurality of load application sections included in the test period based on the input measurement data. More specifically, the frequency component calculation unit 3 measures, for each load application section, a measurement value at each time point in another load application section based on a measurement value of each time point in the load application section. A plurality of frequency components forming the AE wave are obtained without being based on the value.

重心周波数演算部5には、周波数成分演算部3から周波数成分データが入力される。周波数成分データは、周波数成分演算部3が算出した各荷重印加区間の各周波数成分および当該周波数と、当該各周波数成分に関連付けられ当該各周波数成分に対応する前記荷重印加区間(すなわち、当該区間を示すデータ)とからなる。重心周波数演算部5は、入力された周波数成分データに基づいて、各荷重印加区間におけるAE波の重心周波数を求める。   The frequency component data is input from the frequency component calculation unit 3 to the centroid frequency calculation unit 5. The frequency component data includes each frequency component of each load application section calculated by the frequency component calculation unit 3 and the frequency, and the load application section (that is, the section corresponding to the frequency component associated with the frequency component). Data). The center-of-gravity frequency calculation unit 5 obtains the center-of-gravity frequency of the AE wave in each load application section based on the input frequency component data.

重心周波数Fgは、次の式(1)により表される。

Fg=Σ(Fi×Pi)/ΣPi ・・・(1)

ここで、Fiは、各周波数を示し、Piは、対象とする荷重印加区間におけるAE波の周波数成分(すなわち、当該周波数でのAE波の大きさ(振幅))を示し、FiとPiの添え字iは、複数の周波数を互いに区別するための指標値であって、1〜n(nは、2以上の整数であり、好ましくは、十分に大きい値)までの値をとり、Σは、iのすべての値についての総和を示す。
The center-of-gravity frequency Fg is expressed by the following equation (1).

Fg = Σ (Fi × Pi) / ΣPi (1)

Here, Fi represents each frequency, Pi represents the frequency component of the AE wave in the target load application section (that is, the magnitude (amplitude) of the AE wave at the frequency), and Fi and Pi are attached. The letter i is an index value for distinguishing a plurality of frequencies from each other, and takes a value from 1 to n (n is an integer of 2 or more, preferably a sufficiently large value), and Σ is Show the sum for all values of i.

評価用データ出力部7には、重心周波数データと荷重データが入力される。重心周波数データは、重心周波数演算部5が算出した各荷重印加区間の重心周波数と、当該重心周波数に関連付けられ当該重心周波数に対応する前記荷重印加区間(すなわち、当該区間を示すデータ)とからなる。荷重データは、試験期間における各荷重印加区間(好ましくは、当該区間内の各時点)で試験体に与えた引張荷重と、当該引張荷重に関連付けられ当該引張荷重に対応する荷重印加区間を示すデータ(好ましくは、当該区間内の各時点を示すデータ)とからなる。評価用データ出力部7は、入力された重心周波数データと荷重データに基づいて、試験体強度評価用データを出力する。試験体強度評価用データは、前記各荷重印加区間の重心周波数と、該荷重印加区間(好ましくは、当該区間内の各時点)において試験体に与えた引張荷重とからなる。したがって、評価用データ出力部7は、各荷重印加区間の重心周波数と、該荷重印加区間において試験体に与えた引張荷重とを互いに関連付けたデータを、試験体強度評価用データとして出力する。   The evaluation data output unit 7 receives centroid frequency data and load data. The center-of-gravity frequency data includes the center-of-gravity frequency of each load application section calculated by the center-of-gravity frequency calculation unit 5 and the load application section associated with the center-of-gravity frequency and corresponding to the center-of-gravity frequency (that is, data indicating the section). . The load data is data indicating the tensile load applied to the specimen in each load application section (preferably at each time point in the section) in the test period and the load application section associated with the tensile load and corresponding to the tensile load. (Preferably, data indicating each time point in the section). The evaluation data output unit 7 outputs test body strength evaluation data based on the input centroid frequency data and load data. The specimen strength evaluation data includes the center-of-gravity frequency of each load application section and the tensile load applied to the specimen in the load application section (preferably at each time point in the section). Therefore, the evaluation data output unit 7 outputs data associating the center-of-gravity frequency of each load application section with the tensile load applied to the test body in the load application section as test body strength evaluation data.

評価用データ出力部7は、本実施形態では、試験体強度評価用データを、ディスプレイ装置9と引張強度判定部11に出力する。
ディスプレイ装置9は、その画面に、試験体強度評価用データを表示する。
引張強度判定部11は、試験体強度評価用データに基づいて、試験体の引張強度を特定して出力する。より詳しくは、引張強度判定部11は、複数の荷重印加区間のうち、先の荷重印加区間よりも重心周波数が下がっている荷重印加区間を特定し、特定した荷重印加区間において試験体に与えた引張荷重の大きさを、試験体の引張強度として出力する。この引張強度は、例えば、引張強度判定部11からディスプレイ装置9に出力される。この場合、ディスプレイ装置9は、引張強度判定部11から受けた引張強度を、その画面に表示する。ディスプレイ装置9は、引張強度をその画面に表示する場合に、試験体強度評価用データをその画面に表示しなくてもよい。
In this embodiment, the evaluation data output unit 7 outputs test body strength evaluation data to the display device 9 and the tensile strength determination unit 11.
The display device 9 displays specimen strength evaluation data on the screen.
The tensile strength determination unit 11 specifies and outputs the tensile strength of the specimen based on the specimen strength evaluation data. More specifically, the tensile strength determination unit 11 specifies a load application section in which the center-of-gravity frequency is lower than the previous load application section among the plurality of load application sections, and gives the test specimen in the specified load application section. The magnitude of the tensile load is output as the tensile strength of the specimen. This tensile strength is output from the tensile strength determination unit 11 to the display device 9, for example. In this case, the display device 9 displays the tensile strength received from the tensile strength determination unit 11 on the screen. When displaying the tensile strength on the screen, the display device 9 may not display the specimen strength evaluation data on the screen.

図3は、本発明の実施形態による強度検査方法を示すフローチャートである。強度検査方法は、繊維強化複合材料である試験体の引張強度を検査するために、以下のステップS1〜S5を有する。強度検査方法は、強度評価用データ出力装置10を用いて行われる。   FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a strength inspection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The strength inspection method includes the following steps S1 to S5 in order to inspect the tensile strength of a test body that is a fiber-reinforced composite material. The strength inspection method is performed using the strength evaluation data output device 10.

ステップS1では、試験開始時点から試験終了時点までの試験期間において、試験体に与える引張荷重を、(例えば、後述の図4A(A)に示すように)時間の経過に従って増やす。このステップS1において、引張荷重により試験体に生じるAE波の大きさ(振幅)を、前記試験期間内の各時点で計測する。この計測は、試験体に取り付けたAEセンサ(例えば圧電素子)により行われる。   In step S1, in the test period from the test start time to the test end time, the tensile load applied to the specimen is increased with the passage of time (for example, as shown in FIG. 4A (A) described later). In step S1, the magnitude (amplitude) of the AE wave generated in the specimen due to the tensile load is measured at each time point within the test period. This measurement is performed by an AE sensor (for example, a piezoelectric element) attached to the test body.

ステップS2では、ステップS1で計測した各時点のAE波の大きさに基づいて、前記試験期間に含まれ連続する複数の荷重印加区間の各々における前記AE波の複数の周波数成分を算出する。この算出は、上述の周波数成分演算部3により行われる。なお、各荷重印加区間の長さは、例えば1秒である。   In step S2, a plurality of frequency components of the AE wave in each of a plurality of continuous load application sections included in the test period are calculated based on the magnitude of the AE wave at each time point measured in step S1. This calculation is performed by the frequency component calculation unit 3 described above. In addition, the length of each load application area is 1 second, for example.

ステップS3では、各荷重印加区間について、ステップS3で算出した複数の周波数成分に基づいて、AE波の重心周波数を算出する。この算出は、上述の重心周波数演算部5により行われる。
好ましくは、ステップS3で使用される複数の周波数成分は、ステップS1で用いたAEセンサの共振周波数よりも低い複数の周波数の成分である。これにより、比較的大きな周波数成分が得られやすくなる。その結果、試験体の破壊による、重心周波数の時間変化が得られやすくなる。
ステップS1で用いられるAEセンサの共振周波数により、ステップS1で計測されるAE波の大きさが影響される周波数が、当該共振周波数を含む所定の帯域に連続的に広がっている場合には、好ましくは、ステップS3で使用される複数の周波数成分は、当該帯域よりも低い複数の周波数の成分である。
In step S3, the center-of-gravity frequency of the AE wave is calculated for each load application section based on the plurality of frequency components calculated in step S3. This calculation is performed by the centroid frequency calculation unit 5 described above.
Preferably, the plurality of frequency components used in step S3 are components having a plurality of frequencies lower than the resonance frequency of the AE sensor used in step S1. This makes it easier to obtain a relatively large frequency component. As a result, it is easy to obtain a time change in the center-of-gravity frequency due to the destruction of the specimen.
Preferably, when the frequency at which the magnitude of the AE wave measured in step S1 is affected by the resonance frequency of the AE sensor used in step S1 continuously spreads in a predetermined band including the resonance frequency, The plurality of frequency components used in step S3 are components of a plurality of frequencies lower than the band.

ステップS4では、各荷重印加区間について、ステップS3で算出した該荷重印加区間の重心周波数と、ステップS1で該荷重印加区間において試験体に与えた引張荷重とを、試験体強度評価用データとして出力する。この出力は、上述の評価用データ出力部7により行われる。この出力は、上述のディスプレイ装置9と引張強度判定部11へなされてよい。   In step S4, for each load application section, the center-of-gravity frequency of the load application section calculated in step S3 and the tensile load applied to the test body in the load application section in step S1 are output as test body strength evaluation data. To do. This output is performed by the evaluation data output unit 7 described above. This output may be made to the display device 9 and the tensile strength determination unit 11 described above.

ステップS5では、ステップS4で出力された試験体強度評価用データに基づいて、前記複数の荷重印加区間のうち、先の荷重印加区間よりも重心周波数が下がっている荷重印加区間を特定する。この特定は、上述の引張強度判定部11により行われてもよいし、上述のディスプレイ装置9の画面に表示された試験体強度評価用データを見た人により行われてもよい。また、ステップS5では、特定した荷重印加区間において試験体に与えた引張荷重の大きさを、試験体の引張強度と判定する。   In step S5, based on the specimen strength evaluation data output in step S4, a load application section in which the center-of-gravity frequency is lower than the previous load application section is specified among the plurality of load application sections. This specification may be performed by the above-described tensile strength determination unit 11 or may be performed by a person who has viewed the specimen strength evaluation data displayed on the screen of the display device 9 described above. In step S5, the magnitude of the tensile load applied to the specimen in the specified load application section is determined as the tensile strength of the specimen.

図4は、本発明の実施例の強度検査方法で得られた結果を示す模式図である。
図4(A)は、時間と、CFRPである試験体に与えた引張荷重との関係を示す。図4(A)に示すように、本実施例では、試験体に与える引張荷重を、時間の経過とともに徐々に大きくしていった。
図4(B)は、時間(すなわち、各荷重印加区間)と、本実施例により算出された重心周波数との関係を示す。本実施例では、荷重印加区間を1秒に設定した。したがって、図4(B)は、1秒の荷重印加区間毎に算出された重心周波数を曲線で大まかに示している。
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the results obtained by the strength inspection method of the example of the present invention.
FIG. 4A shows the relationship between time and the tensile load applied to the test body which is CFRP. As shown in FIG. 4A, in this example, the tensile load applied to the specimen was gradually increased as time passed.
FIG. 4B shows the relationship between time (that is, each load application section) and the barycentric frequency calculated by the present embodiment. In this embodiment, the load application interval is set to 1 second. Therefore, FIG. 4B roughly shows the center-of-gravity frequency calculated for each load application section of 1 second as a curve.

この実施例では、重心周波数は、0kHzから150kHzまでの連続する周波数の成分を用いて算出された。   In this example, the center-of-gravity frequency was calculated using continuous frequency components from 0 kHz to 150 kHz.

図4に示されるように、6kNの荷重を与えた荷重印加区間において、重心周波数が下がっている。したがって、試験体に6kNの引張荷重を与えた時に、試験体が破壊されたことが分かる。   As shown in FIG. 4, the center-of-gravity frequency decreases in the load application section where a load of 6 kN is applied. Therefore, it can be seen that the test specimen was destroyed when a tensile load of 6 kN was applied to the specimen.

本発明は上述した実施の形態に限定されず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。
例えば、ディスプレイ装置9と引張強度判定部11のいずれか一方を省略してもよい。または、ディスプレイ装置9と引張強度判定部11の両方を省略してもよい。この場合、評価用データ出力部7は、他の装置(例えば、プリンタ装置または記憶装置)に出力されてよい。
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
For example, any one of the display device 9 and the tensile strength determination unit 11 may be omitted. Alternatively, both the display device 9 and the tensile strength determination unit 11 may be omitted. In this case, the evaluation data output unit 7 may be output to another device (for example, a printer device or a storage device).

3 周波数成分演算部、5 重心周波数演算部、7 評価用データ出力部、9 ディスプレイ装置、11 引張強度判定部、10 強度評価用データ出力装置 3 frequency component calculation unit, 5 center of gravity frequency calculation unit, 7 evaluation data output unit, 9 display device, 11 tensile strength determination unit, 10 strength evaluation data output device

Claims (2)

繊維強化複合材料である試験体の引張強度を検査する強度検査方法であって、
試験開始時点から試験終了時点までの試験期間において、試験体に与える引張荷重を、時間の経過に従って増やし、
この引張荷重により試験体に生じるAE波の大きさを、前記試験期間内の各時点で計測し、
計測した各時点のAE波の大きさに基づいて、周波数成分演算部により、前記試験期間に含まれる複数の荷重印加区間の各々における前記AE波の複数の周波数成分を求め、
前記各荷重印加区間について、前記複数の周波数成分に基づいて、重心周波数演算部により、AE波の重心周波数を求め、
前記複数の荷重印加区間のうち、先の荷重印加区間よりも重心周波数が下がっている荷重印加区間を特定し、
特定した荷重印加区間において試験体に与えた引張荷重の大きさを、試験体の引張強度と判定する、ことを特徴とする強度検査方法。
A strength inspection method for inspecting the tensile strength of a specimen that is a fiber-reinforced composite material,
During the test period from the start of the test to the end of the test, increase the tensile load applied to the specimen as time passes,
The magnitude of the AE wave generated in the specimen by this tensile load is measured at each time point within the test period,
Based on the measured magnitude of the AE wave at each time point, the frequency component calculation unit obtains a plurality of frequency components of the AE wave in each of the plurality of load application sections included in the test period,
For each load application section, based on the plurality of frequency components, the center-of-gravity frequency calculation unit obtains the center-of-gravity frequency of the AE wave,
Among the plurality of load application sections, identify the load application section where the center of gravity frequency is lower than the previous load application section,
A strength inspection method characterized in that the magnitude of a tensile load applied to a specimen in a specified load application section is determined as the tensile strength of the specimen.
試験開始時点から試験終了時点までの試験期間において、繊維強化複合材料である試験体に与える引張荷重を、時間の経過に従って増やし、この引張荷重により試験体に生じるAE波の大きさを、前記試験期間内の各時点で計測した場合に、計測した各時点のAE波の大きさから、引張強度を評価可能なデータを生成して出力する装置であって、
計測した各時点のAE波の前記大きさに基づいて、前記試験期間に含まれる複数の荷重印加区間の各々における前記AE波の複数の周波数成分を求める周波数成分演算部と、
前記各荷重印加区間について、前記複数の周波数成分に基づいて、AE波の重心周波数を求める重心周波数演算部と、
前記各荷重印加区間の重心周波数と、該荷重印加区間において試験体に与えた引張荷重とを、試験体強度評価用データとして出力する評価用データ出力部と、を備える、ことを特徴とする強度評価用データ出力装置。
During the test period from the start of the test to the end of the test, the tensile load applied to the test body, which is a fiber-reinforced composite material, is increased with the passage of time, and the magnitude of the AE wave generated on the test body by this tensile load is determined in the test. A device that generates and outputs data capable of evaluating the tensile strength from the magnitude of the measured AE wave at each time point in the period,
A frequency component calculation unit for obtaining a plurality of frequency components of the AE wave in each of a plurality of load application sections included in the test period based on the measured magnitude of the AE wave at each time point;
For each load application section, based on the plurality of frequency components, a center-of-gravity frequency calculation unit that calculates a center-of-gravity frequency of an AE wave;
An evaluation data output unit that outputs the gravity center frequency of each load application section and the tensile load applied to the test body in the load application section as test body strength evaluation data, Data output device for evaluation.
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CN115165553A (en) * 2022-06-10 2022-10-11 中复神鹰碳纤维股份有限公司 Method for accepting or rejecting tensile strength test value of carbon fiber multifilament
CN115165553B (en) * 2022-06-10 2023-05-30 中复神鹰碳纤维股份有限公司 Method for choosing and rejecting tensile strength test values of carbon fiber multifilaments

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