JP2014117216A - Freshwater fish rearing water, liquid concentrate for freshwater fish rearing water, and composition for freshwater fish rearing water - Google Patents
Freshwater fish rearing water, liquid concentrate for freshwater fish rearing water, and composition for freshwater fish rearing water Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 235000014666 liquid concentrate Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 130
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 130
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 134
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 72
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 38
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 27
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 27
- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 description 24
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 6
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000473391 Archosargus rhomboidalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000276569 Oryzias latipes Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、淡水魚を長期にわたって快適な状態で飼育できる淡水魚用飼育水、該飼育水の作製に用いられる淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液と淡水魚飼育水用組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to freshwater fish breeding water that can be bred in a comfortable state over a long period of time, a fresh water fish breeding concentrated concentrate and a freshwater fish breeding composition used for the production of the breeding water.
なお、本明細書及び特許請求の範囲において、「ｍＭ」の単位表記は、１０-3ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（１０-3ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ3）を意味するものである。 In the present specification and claims, the unit notation of “mM” means 10 −3 mol / L (10 −3 mol / dm 3 ).
観賞用淡水魚の飼育には、淡水（真水）が使用されている。近年、市場に流通している観賞用淡水魚は、度重なる交配や、養殖現場での出荷プロセスの短縮による調整不十分な生体が流通することにより、以前と比べ、病気やストレスに弱い生体が流通している。 Freshwater (fresh water) is used for breeding ornamental freshwater fish. In recent years, ornamental freshwater fish that have been distributed in the market are living less susceptible to illness and stress than before due to repeated mating and poorly adjusted living by shortening the shipping process at the farming site. doing.
病気やストレスに強い生体とするために、以前は、抗生物質を魚に給餌することが行われたりしていたが（特許文献１参照）、動物体内への残留、環境汚染、耐性菌の出現等の種々の問題があることから、現在では殆ど行われていない。 In order to make a living body that is resistant to illness and stress, fish have been fed with antibiotics before (see Patent Document 1), but remains in the animal body, environmental pollution, and emergence of resistant bacteria. Since there are various problems such as these, it is hardly performed now.
弱い生体（淡水魚）が多く流通すると、このような淡水魚を通常の一般の飼育者（ユーザー）が飼育したとき、魚が比較的短期で死んでしまう。そこで、淡水魚をもっと長期にわたって元気な状態で飼育できる淡水魚用飼育水を開発することが求められていた。 If many weak living organisms (freshwater fish) circulate, the fish will die in a relatively short period of time when such ordinary freshwater fish are bred by a general breeder (user). Therefore, it has been required to develop breeding water for freshwater fish that can breed freshwater fish in a healthy state for a longer period of time.
本発明は、かかる技術的背景に鑑みてなされたものであって、淡水魚を長期にわたって快適な状態で飼育できる淡水魚用飼育水、淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液及び淡水魚飼育水用組成物を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such technical background, and provides a freshwater fish breeding water, a freshwater fish breeding water concentrated stock solution, and a freshwater fish breeding water composition that can breed freshwater fish in a comfortable state over a long period of time. With the goal.
淡水中にはほとんどイオン成分が存在しない。淡水魚の体液浸透圧は、生活している淡水（真水）に比べて高い。このため、淡水魚は、あまり水を飲まず、薄い尿を出して、淡水中の僅かな塩類を鰓から効率よく取り込むという浸透圧調整を常に行いながら生きている。この浸透圧調整を行うにはエネルギーを要する。 There are almost no ionic components in fresh water. Freshwater fish have higher body fluid osmotic pressure than fresh water (fresh water). For this reason, freshwater fish do not drink much water, produce thin urine, and live while always performing osmotic pressure adjustment to efficiently take in a small amount of salt from freshwater. Energy is required to adjust this osmotic pressure.
このことから、淡水魚にとって、生活している淡水という環境は、浸透圧調整の観点からすると、必ずしも最適なものではなく、淡水魚は、浸透圧調整のための余分なエネルギーを常に使って、なかば無理をしながら淡水で生活している、と考えられる。 For this reason, the environment of freshwater that is living for freshwater fish is not always optimal from the viewpoint of osmotic pressure adjustment. Freshwater fish always use the extra energy for osmotic pressure adjustment, which is impossible. It is thought that they are living in fresh water.
本発明者らは、浸透圧調整のために使われるエネルギー量を緩和（縮減）できる水環境を作ってやれば、病気に対する抵抗力、成長力、繁殖能力等をもっと高めることができて、淡水魚にとって快適な生活環境を作れるのではないかと着想した。 By creating a water environment that can alleviate (reduce) the amount of energy used to adjust osmotic pressure, the present inventors can further increase disease resistance, growth potential, breeding ability, etc. I thought that I could make a comfortable living environment.
上記着想のもとに本発明者らは鋭意研究した結果、塩化ナトリウム濃度が特定範囲にあり、かつ塩化カリウム濃度が特定範囲にある飼育水を用いることにより、前記目的を達成できることを見出すに至り、本発明を完成したものである。即ち、前記目的を達成するために、本発明は以下の手段を提供する。 Based on the above idea, the present inventors have intensively studied, and as a result, have found that the purpose can be achieved by using breeding water having a sodium chloride concentration in a specific range and a potassium chloride concentration in a specific range. The present invention has been completed. That is, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following means.
［１］少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び水を含有し、塩化カルシウムを含有しない淡水魚用飼育水であって、
前記飼育水中における塩化ナトリウムのモル濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭであり、
前記飼育水中における塩化カリウムのモル濃度が０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭであることを特徴とする淡水魚用飼育水。
[1] Breeding water for freshwater fish containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride and water, and not containing calcium chloride,
The molar concentration of sodium chloride in the breeding water is 25 mM to 100 mM,
Breeding water for freshwater fish, wherein the molar concentration of potassium chloride in the breeding water is 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM.
［２］少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウム及び水を含有する淡水魚用飼育水であって、
前記飼育水中における塩化ナトリウムのモル濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭであり、
前記飼育水中における塩化カリウムのモル濃度が０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭであり、
前記飼育水中における塩化カルシウムのモル濃度が０ｍＭを超えて５．０ｍＭ以下であることを特徴とする淡水魚用飼育水。
[2] Breeding water for freshwater fish containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and water,
The molar concentration of sodium chloride in the breeding water is 25 mM to 100 mM,
The molar concentration of potassium chloride in the breeding water is 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM,
Breeding water for freshwater fish, wherein the molar concentration of calcium chloride in the breeding water is more than 0 mM and 5.0 mM or less.
［３］少なくとも塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウムを含有し、塩化カルシウムを含有しない固形状組成物であって、
前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有することを特徴とする淡水魚飼育水用組成物。
[3] A solid composition containing at least sodium chloride and potassium chloride and not containing calcium chloride,
A freshwater fish rearing water composition comprising 0.3 to 18 mole parts of the potassium chloride per 100 mole parts of the sodium chloride.
［４］少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化カルシウムを含有してなる固形状組成物であって、
前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、前記塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有することを特徴とする淡水魚飼育水用組成物。
[4] A solid composition comprising at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride,
For freshwater fish breeding water, containing 0.3 to 18 mole parts of potassium chloride per 100 mole parts of sodium chloride, and containing 20 to less than 20 mole parts of calcium chloride. Composition.
［５］所定量の水に溶解されて淡水魚飼育水として用いられるものである前項３または４に記載の淡水魚飼育水用組成物。 [5] The composition for breeding freshwater fish according to item 3 or 4, which is dissolved in a predetermined amount of water and used as freshwater fish breeding water.
［６］少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び水を含有し、塩化カルシウムを含有しない水溶原液であって、
前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有することを特徴とする淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液。
[6] An aqueous stock solution containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride and water, and not containing calcium chloride,
A concentrated stock solution for freshwater fish breeding water, comprising 0.3 to 18 mole parts of the potassium chloride per 100 mole parts of the sodium chloride.
［７］少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウム及び水を含有する水溶原液であって、
前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、前記塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有することを特徴とする淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液。
[7] An aqueous stock solution containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and water,
For freshwater fish breeding water, containing 0.3 to 18 mole parts of potassium chloride per 100 mole parts of sodium chloride, and containing 20 to less than 20 mole parts of calcium chloride. Concentrated stock solution.
［８］前記水溶原液は、水で３〜１５倍の希釈倍率で希釈されて希釈水溶液の状態で淡水魚用飼育水として使用されるものである前項６または７に記載の淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液。 [8] The concentrated stock solution for freshwater fish breeding water according to the above item 6 or 7, wherein the aqueous stock solution is diluted with water at a dilution ratio of 3 to 15 times and used as breeding water for freshwater fish in the form of a diluted aqueous solution. .
［９］前項１または２に記載の淡水魚用飼育水を濃縮したものと同じ組成、同じ濃度である淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液。 [9] A concentrated stock solution for freshwater fish breeding water having the same composition and the same concentration as those obtained by concentrating the freshwater fish breeding water according to item 1 or 2.
［１０］前記濃縮の濃縮倍率が３〜１５倍である前項９に記載の淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液。 [10] The concentrated stock solution for freshwater fish breeding water according to 9 above, wherein the concentration ratio of the concentration is 3 to 15 times.
［１］の発明では、飼育水中における塩化ナトリウムのモル濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭであり、且つ塩化カリウムのモル濃度が０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭであり、塩化カルシウムを含有しないから、淡水魚において浸透圧調整のために要するエネルギー量を低減できる約２５５ミリオスモル（ｍＯｓｍ）〜約３００ミリオスモル（ｍＯｓｍ）の血液浸透圧になるように維持させていくことが可能となり、これにより淡水魚にとって快適な水環境を提供することができ、淡水魚を長期にわたって快適な状態で飼育できる。 In the invention of [1], the molar concentration of sodium chloride in the breeding water is 25 mM to 100 mM, the molar concentration of potassium chloride is 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM, and calcium chloride is not contained. It is possible to maintain a blood osmotic pressure of about 255 milliosmol (mOsm) to about 300 milliosmol (mOsm), which can reduce the amount of energy required for adjustment, thereby providing a comfortable water environment for freshwater fish And can keep freshwater fish in a comfortable state over a long period of time.
［２］の発明では、飼育水中における塩化ナトリウムのモル濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭであり、塩化カリウムのモル濃度が０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭであり、塩化カルシウムのモル濃度が０ｍＭを超えて５．０ｍＭ以下であるから、淡水魚において浸透圧調整のために要するエネルギー量を低減できる約２５５ｍＯｓｍ〜約３００ｍＯｓｍの血液浸透圧になるように維持させていくことが可能となり、これにより淡水魚にとって快適な水環境を提供することができ、淡水魚を長期にわたって快適な状態で飼育できる。この［２］の発明では、［１］の発明と比べて、塩化カルシウムのモル濃度が０ｍＭを超えて５．０ｍＭ以下に設定されていることで、淡水魚にとってより快適な水環境を提供できる。 In the invention of [2], the molar concentration of sodium chloride in the breeding water is 25 mM to 100 mM, the molar concentration of potassium chloride is 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM, and the molar concentration of calcium chloride exceeds 0 mM. Since it is 0 mM or less, it becomes possible to maintain the blood osmotic pressure of about 255 mOsm to about 300 mOsm, which can reduce the amount of energy required for osmotic pressure adjustment in freshwater fish, and this makes the water environment comfortable for freshwater fish The freshwater fish can be bred in a comfortable state over a long period of time. In the invention of [2], compared to the invention of [1], the molar concentration of calcium chloride is set to more than 0 mM and not more than 5.0 mM, thereby providing a more comfortable water environment for freshwater fish.
［３］と［５］の発明（固形状組成物）では、塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有し、塩化カルシウムを含有しない組成であるから、この固形状組成物に水を加えることにより、［１］の発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を提供できる。即ち、淡水魚を長期にわたって快適な状態で飼育できる淡水魚用飼育水を作製できる。 In the inventions [3] and [5] (solid composition), this is a composition containing 0.3 to 18 mole parts of potassium chloride and not containing calcium chloride per 100 mole parts of sodium chloride. By adding water to the solid composition, the freshwater fish breeding water according to the invention of [1] can be provided. That is, it is possible to produce freshwater fish breeding water that can breed freshwater fish in a comfortable state over a long period of time.
［４］と［５］の発明（固形状組成物）では、塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有する組成であるから、この固形状組成物に水を加えることにより、［２］の発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を提供できる。即ち、淡水魚を長期にわたってより快適な状態で飼育できる淡水魚用飼育水を作製できる。 In the inventions [4] and [5] (solid composition), 0.3 mol to 18 mol parts of potassium chloride per 100 mol parts of sodium chloride and more than 0 mol parts of calcium chloride are contained in 20 parts. Since it is a composition containing a molar part or less, breeding water for fresh water fish according to the invention of [2] can be provided by adding water to this solid composition. That is, it is possible to produce breeding water for freshwater fish that can breed freshwater fish in a more comfortable state over a long period of time.
［６］と［８］の発明（濃縮原液）では、少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び水を含有し、塩化カルシウムを含有しない水溶原液であって、塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有する構成であるので、所定の希釈倍率に希釈することにより、［１］の発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を提供できる。即ち、淡水魚を長期にわたって快適な状態で飼育できる淡水魚用飼育水を作製できる。 In the inventions [6] and [8] (concentrated stock solution), an aqueous stock solution containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride and water and not containing calcium chloride, wherein 0.1 parts of potassium chloride is added per 100 mole parts of sodium chloride. Since it is a structure containing 3 mol part-18 mol part, the breeding water for freshwater fish which concerns on invention of [1] can be provided by diluting to a predetermined dilution rate. That is, it is possible to produce freshwater fish breeding water that can breed freshwater fish in a comfortable state over a long period of time.
［７］と［８］の発明（濃縮原液）では、少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウム及び水を含有する水溶原液であって、塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有する構成であるので、所定の希釈倍率に希釈することにより、［２］の発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を提供できる。即ち、淡水魚を長期にわたってより快適な状態で飼育できる淡水魚用飼育水を作製できる。 In the inventions [7] and [8] (concentrated stock solution), an aqueous stock solution containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and water, and 0.3 mole part of potassium chloride per 100 mole parts of sodium chloride In addition to containing -18 mol parts and containing more than 0 mol parts and 20 mol parts or less of calcium chloride, the breeding water for freshwater fish according to the invention of [2] can be obtained by diluting to a predetermined dilution ratio. Can be provided. That is, it is possible to produce breeding water for freshwater fish that can breed freshwater fish in a more comfortable state over a long period of time.
［９］と［１０］の発明（濃縮原液）は、前項［１］または［２］に記載の淡水魚用飼育水を濃縮したものと同じ組成、同じ濃度である淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液であるから、この原液を水で所定の希釈倍率に希釈することにより、［１］又は［２］の発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を提供できる。即ち、淡水魚を長期にわたって快適な状態で飼育できる淡水魚用飼育水を作製できる。 [9] The invention (10) (concentrated stock solution) is a concentrated stock solution for freshwater fish breeding water having the same composition and concentration as those obtained by concentrating the freshwater fish breeding water described in [1] or [2]. From this, the stock solution for freshwater fish according to the invention of [1] or [2] can be provided by diluting the stock solution with water to a predetermined dilution ratio. That is, it is possible to produce freshwater fish breeding water that can breed freshwater fish in a comfortable state over a long period of time.
第１発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水は、少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び水を含有し、塩化カルシウムを含有しない淡水魚用飼育水であって、前記飼育水中における塩化ナトリウムのモル濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭであり、前記飼育水中における塩化カリウムのモル濃度が０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭであることを特徴とする。 The breeding water for fresh water fish according to the first invention is a breeding water for fresh water fish containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride and water and not containing calcium chloride, and the molar concentration of sodium chloride in the breeding water is 25 mM to 100 mM. Yes, the molar concentration of potassium chloride in the breeding water is 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM.
また、第２発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水は、少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウム及び水を含有する淡水魚用飼育水であって、前記飼育水中における塩化ナトリウムのモル濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭであり、前記飼育水中における塩化カリウムのモル濃度が０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭであり、前記飼育水中における塩化カルシウムのモル濃度が０ｍＭを超えて５．０ｍＭ以下であることを特徴とする。 The freshwater fish breeding water according to the second invention is a freshwater fish breeding water containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and water, and the molar concentration of sodium chloride in the breeding water is 25 mM to 100 mM. The molar concentration of potassium chloride in the breeding water is 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM, and the molar concentration of calcium chloride in the breeding water is more than 0 mM and 5.0 mM or less.
前記第１及び第２発明において、前記飼育水中における塩化ナトリウムの濃度は２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭに設定される。２５ｍＭ未満では、ストレス等を受けた後の血液浸透圧の回復効果が不十分になり、淡水魚を長期にわたって飼育することが難しくなる。また、１００ｍＭを超えると、淡水魚の血液浸透圧が約３１０ｍＯｓｍを超えてしまうので、淡水魚を長期にわたって飼育することが困難になる。中でも、前記飼育水中における塩化ナトリウムの濃度は３０ｍＭ〜８０ｍＭに設定されるのが好ましい。 In the first and second inventions, the concentration of sodium chloride in the breeding water is set to 25 mM to 100 mM. If it is less than 25 mM, the recovery effect of blood osmotic pressure after receiving stress or the like becomes insufficient, and it becomes difficult to breed freshwater fish over a long period of time. Moreover, since the blood osmotic pressure of freshwater fish will exceed about 310 mOsm when it exceeds 100 mM, it becomes difficult to breed freshwater fish over a long period of time. Especially, it is preferable that the density | concentration of sodium chloride in the said breeding water is set to 30 mM-80 mM.
前記第１及び第２発明において、前記飼育水中における塩化カリウムの濃度は０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭに設定される。０．３ｍＭ未満では、飼育されている淡水魚が比較的早期に死ぬ可能性がある。また、４．５ｍＭを超えると、淡水魚の血中のカリウム濃度が上昇するので、淡水魚が比較的早期に死ぬ可能性がある。前記飼育水中における塩化カリウムの濃度は１．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭに設定されるのが好ましく、さらに１．５ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭに設定されるのが特に好ましい。 In the first and second inventions, the concentration of potassium chloride in the breeding water is set to 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM. If it is less than 0.3 mM, the reared freshwater fish may die relatively early. Moreover, since the potassium concentration in the blood of a freshwater fish will rise when it exceeds 4.5 mM, a freshwater fish may die comparatively early. The concentration of potassium chloride in the breeding water is preferably set to 1.3 mM to 4.5 mM, more preferably set to 1.5 mM to 4.5 mM.
前記第２発明において、前記飼育水中における塩化カルシウムの濃度は０ｍＭを超えて５．０ｍＭ以下に設定される。５．０ｍＭを超えると、淡水魚の血中のカルシウム濃度が上昇するので、淡水魚が比較的早期に死ぬ可能性がある。中でも、前記飼育水中における塩化カルシウムの濃度は０ｍＭを超えて４．５ｍＭ以下に設定されるのが好ましい。 In the second invention, the concentration of calcium chloride in the breeding water is set to more than 0 mM and not more than 5.0 mM. If it exceeds 5.0 mM, the concentration of calcium in the blood of freshwater fish will increase, and the freshwater fish may die relatively early. Especially, it is preferable that the concentration of calcium chloride in the breeding water is set to more than 0 mM and 4.5 mM or less.
前記第１発明では、該発明の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、必須２成分（塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウム）以外に、他の成分（例えば塩化マグネシウム等）を含んでもよい。前記第１発明において、水以外の含有成分全体における前記必須２成分（塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウム）の含有割合は９０質量％以上に設定されるのが好ましく、９５質量％以上に設定されるのがより好ましく、９８質量％以上に設定されるのが特に好ましい。 In the said 1st invention, if it is a range which does not inhibit the effect of this invention, in addition to 2 essential components (sodium chloride and potassium chloride), you may contain other components (for example, magnesium chloride etc.). In the first aspect of the invention, the content ratio of the two essential components (sodium chloride and potassium chloride) in the entire content components other than water is preferably set to 90% by mass or more, and set to 95% by mass or more. More preferably, it is particularly preferably set to 98% by mass or more.
前記第２発明では、該発明の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、必須３成分（塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化カルシウム）以外に、他の成分（例えば塩化マグネシウム等）を含んでもよい。前記第２発明において、水以外の含有成分全体における前記必須３成分（塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化カルシウム）の含有割合は９０質量％以上に設定されるのが好ましく、９５質量％以上に設定されるのがより好ましく、９８質量％以上に設定されるのが特に好ましい。 In the said 2nd invention, if it is a range which does not inhibit the effect of this invention, other components (for example, magnesium chloride etc.) may be included in addition to the essential 3 components (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride). In the second aspect of the invention, the content ratio of the three essential components (sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride) in the total content other than water is preferably set to 90% by mass or more, and set to 95% by mass or more. More preferably, it is particularly preferably set to 98% by mass or more.
次に、本発明に係る淡水魚飼育水用組成物について説明する。 Next, the composition for freshwater fish breeding water according to the present invention will be described.
第１の淡水魚飼育水用組成物（以下、「第３発明」という場合がある）は、少なくとも塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウムを含有し、塩化カルシウムを含有しない固形状組成物であって、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有することを特徴とする。前記固形状組成物に水を加えることにより、前記第１発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を作製できる。 A first freshwater fish rearing composition (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “third invention”) is a solid composition containing at least sodium chloride and potassium chloride and not containing calcium chloride. The potassium chloride is contained in an amount of 0.3 to 18 mole parts per 100 mole parts. By adding water to the solid composition, the breeding water for fresh water fish according to the first invention can be produced.
前記第３発明の一実施形態として、塩化ナトリウム５０モル部（ｍｏｌ部）および塩化カリウム２．０モル部（ｍｏｌ部）からなる固形状組成物が挙げられるが、特にこの一例に限定されるものではない。 One embodiment of the third invention includes a solid composition comprising 50 mol parts (mol parts) of sodium chloride and 2.0 mol parts (mol parts) of potassium chloride, but is particularly limited to this example. is not.
前記第３発明では、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを２．６モル部〜１８モル部含有するのが、浸透圧調整のために要するエネルギー量がより一層少なくて済み、淡水魚にとってより一層快適な状態で飼育できる点で、好ましい。中でも、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを３．０モル部〜１８モル部含有するのが、特に好ましい。 In the third aspect of the invention, 2.6 mol parts to 18 mol parts of the potassium chloride per 100 mol parts of the sodium chloride requires much less energy to adjust the osmotic pressure. It is preferable in that it can be reared in a more comfortable state. Especially, it is especially preferable to contain 3.0-18 mol parts of said potassium chloride per 100 mol parts of said sodium chloride.
前記第３発明では、該発明の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、必須２成分（塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウム）以外に、他の成分（例えば塩化マグネシウム等）を含んでもよい。前記第３発明において、含有成分全体における前記必須２成分（塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウム）の含有割合は９０質量％以上に設定されるのが好ましく、９５質量％以上に設定されるのがより好ましく、９８質量％以上に設定されるのが特に好ましい。 In the said 3rd invention, if it is a range which does not inhibit the effect of this invention, other components (for example, magnesium chloride etc.) may be included in addition to 2 essential components (sodium chloride and potassium chloride). In the third invention, the content ratio of the two essential components (sodium chloride and potassium chloride) in the entire content component is preferably set to 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, It is particularly preferably set to 98% by mass or more.
第２の淡水魚飼育水用組成物（以下、「第４発明」という場合がある）は、少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化カルシウムを含有してなる固形状組成物であって、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、前記塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有することを特徴とする。前記固形状組成物に水を加えることにより、前記第２発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を作製できる。 The second freshwater fish rearing composition (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “fourth invention”) is a solid composition containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride, and the sodium chloride 100 The potassium chloride is contained in an amount of 0.3 to 18 mol parts per mol, and more than 0 mol parts and 20 mol parts or less. By adding water to the solid composition, the freshwater fish breeding water according to the second invention can be produced.
前記第４発明の一実施形態として、塩化ナトリウム５０モル部（ｍｏｌ部）、塩化カリウム２．０モル部（ｍｏｌ部）および塩化カルシウム０．５モル部（ｍｏｌ部）からなる固形状組成物が挙げられるが、特にこの一例に限定されるものではない。 As one embodiment of the fourth invention, a solid composition comprising 50 mol parts (mol parts) of sodium chloride, 2.0 mol parts (mol parts) of potassium chloride and 0.5 mol parts (mol parts) of calcium chloride. Although it is mentioned, it is not particularly limited to this example.
前記第４発明では、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを２．６モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、前記塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有するのが好ましい。この場合には、浸透圧調整のために要するエネルギー量がより一層少なくて済み、淡水魚にとってより一層快適な状態で飼育できる。中でも、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを３．０モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、前記塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有するのが、特に好ましい。 In said 4th invention, it is preferable to contain 2.6 mol part-18 mol part of said potassium chloride per 100 mol part of said sodium chlorides, and contains the said calcium chloride more than 0 mol part and 20 mol parts or less. . In this case, the amount of energy required for adjusting the osmotic pressure can be further reduced, and it can be reared in a more comfortable state for freshwater fish. Among them, it is particularly preferable that the potassium chloride is contained in an amount of 3.0 to 18 mole parts per 100 mole parts of the sodium chloride, and the calcium chloride is contained in an amount of more than 0 mole part and 20 mole parts or less.
前記第４発明では、該発明の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、必須３成分（塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化カルシウム）以外に、他の成分（例えば塩化マグネシウム等）を含んでもよい。前記第４発明において、含有成分全体における前記必須３成分（塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化カルシウム）の含有割合は９０質量％以上に設定されるのが好ましく、９５質量％以上に設定されるのがより好ましく、９８質量％以上に設定されるのが特に好ましい。 In the said 4th invention, if it is a range which does not inhibit the effect of this invention, other components (for example, magnesium chloride etc.) may be included in addition to essential 3 components (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride). In the fourth aspect of the invention, the content ratio of the three essential components (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride) in the total content is preferably set to 90% by mass or more, and set to 95% by mass or more. More preferably, it is particularly preferably set to 98% by mass or more.
前記第３及び第４発明に係る固形状組成物は、所定量の水に溶解されて淡水魚飼育水として用いられる。ここで、「所定量」とは、前記固形状組成物に水を加えて得る溶解液中の塩化ナトリウムの濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭの範囲になるときの前記加える水の量を意味するものである。 The solid compositions according to the third and fourth inventions are dissolved in a predetermined amount of water and used as freshwater fish breeding water. Here, the “predetermined amount” means the amount of water added when the concentration of sodium chloride in the solution obtained by adding water to the solid composition is in the range of 25 mM to 100 mM. .
次に、本発明に係る淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液について説明する。 Next, the concentrated stock solution for freshwater fish breeding water according to the present invention will be described.
第１の淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液（以下、「第５発明」という場合がある）は、少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び水を含有し、塩化カルシウムを含有しない水溶原液であって、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有することを特徴とする。前記水溶原液は、水で所定の希釈倍率に希釈されて希釈水溶液の状態で淡水魚用飼育水として使用されるものであり、前記水溶原液を水で所定の希釈倍率に希釈した使用時の希釈水溶液は、該希釈水溶液中における塩化ナトリウムのモル濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭ、前記希釈水溶液中における塩化カリウムのモル濃度が０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭになるものである。この第５発明に係る原液を水で希釈するだけで、前記第１発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を作製できる。即ち、第５発明は、前記第１発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を濃縮したものと同じ組成、同じ濃度になっている液である。前記濃縮の濃縮倍率は、３〜１５倍に設定されるのが好ましく、５〜１２倍に設定されるのがより好ましい。 A first concentrated stock solution for freshwater fish breeding water (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “fifth invention”) is an aqueous stock solution containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride and water and not containing calcium chloride. The potassium chloride is contained in an amount of 0.3 to 18 mole parts per 100 mole parts. The aqueous stock solution is diluted with water to a predetermined dilution ratio and used as breeding water for freshwater fish in the form of a diluted aqueous solution, and the diluted aqueous solution at the time of use in which the aqueous stock solution is diluted with water to a predetermined dilution ratio The molar concentration of sodium chloride in the diluted aqueous solution is 25 mM to 100 mM, and the molar concentration of potassium chloride in the diluted aqueous solution is 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM. By simply diluting the stock solution according to the fifth invention with water, the freshwater fish breeding water according to the first invention can be produced. That is, the fifth invention is a liquid having the same composition and the same concentration as those obtained by concentrating the freshwater fish breeding water according to the first invention. The concentration ratio of the concentration is preferably set to 3 to 15 times, and more preferably set to 5 to 12 times.
なお、本明細書において、「３倍濃縮」とは、元の液体の質量の３分の１になるまで濃縮することを意味し、「５倍濃縮」とは、元の液体の質量の５分の１になるまで濃縮することを意味する。 In the present specification, “three-fold concentration” means concentrating to one third of the mass of the original liquid, and “5-fold concentration” means 5 of the mass of the original liquid. Concentrate to 1 part.
前記第５発明では、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを２．６モル部〜１８モル部含有するのが、浸透圧調整のために要するエネルギー量がより一層少なくて済み、淡水魚にとってより一層快適な状態で飼育できる点で、好ましい。中でも、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを３．０モル部〜１８モル部含有するのが、特に好ましい。 In the fifth aspect of the invention, the amount of energy required for adjusting the osmotic pressure can be further reduced by containing 2.6 to 18 mol parts of the potassium chloride per 100 mol parts of the sodium chloride. It is preferable in that it can be reared in a more comfortable state. Especially, it is especially preferable to contain 3.0-18 mol parts of said potassium chloride per 100 mol parts of said sodium chloride.
前記第５発明では、該発明の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、必須２成分（塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウム）以外に、他の成分（例えば塩化マグネシウム等）を含んでもよい。前記第５発明において、水以外の含有成分全体における前記必須２成分（塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウム）の含有割合は９０質量％以上に設定されるのが好ましく、９５質量％以上に設定されるのがより好ましく、９８質量％以上に設定されるのが特に好ましい。 In the fifth invention, other components (such as magnesium chloride) may be included in addition to the essential two components (sodium chloride and potassium chloride) as long as the effects of the invention are not impaired. In the fifth aspect of the invention, the content ratio of the two essential components (sodium chloride and potassium chloride) in the entire content components other than water is preferably set to 90% by mass or more, and set to 95% by mass or more. More preferably, it is particularly preferably set to 98% by mass or more.
第２の淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液（以下、「第６発明」という場合がある）は、少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウムおよび水を含有する水溶原液であって、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、前記塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有することを特徴とする。前記水溶原液は、水で所定の希釈倍率に希釈されて希釈水溶液の状態で淡水魚用飼育水として使用されるものであり、前記水溶原液を水で所定の希釈倍率に希釈した使用時の希釈水溶液は、該希釈水溶液中における塩化ナトリウムのモル濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭ、前記希釈水溶液中における塩化カリウムのモル濃度が０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭ、前記希釈水溶液中における塩化カルシウムのモル濃度が０ｍＭを超えて５．０ｍＭ以下になるものである。この第６発明に係る原液を水で希釈するだけで、前記第２発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を作製できる。即ち、この第６発明は、前記第２発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水を濃縮したものと同じ組成、同じ濃度になっている液体である。前記濃縮の濃縮倍率は、３〜１５倍に設定されるのが好ましく、５〜１２倍に設定されるのがより好ましい。 The second concentrated stock solution for freshwater fish breeding water (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “sixth invention”) is an aqueous stock solution containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and water, and 100 mol parts of sodium chloride. In addition, the potassium chloride is contained in an amount of 0.3 to 18 mol parts, and the calcium chloride is contained in an amount exceeding 0 mol parts and not more than 20 mol parts. The aqueous stock solution is diluted with water to a predetermined dilution ratio and used as breeding water for freshwater fish in the form of a diluted aqueous solution, and the diluted aqueous solution at the time of use in which the aqueous stock solution is diluted with water to a predetermined dilution ratio The molar concentration of sodium chloride in the diluted aqueous solution is 25 mM to 100 mM, the molar concentration of potassium chloride in the diluted aqueous solution is 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM, and the molar concentration of calcium chloride in the diluted aqueous solution exceeds 0 mM. Is 5.0 mM or less. By simply diluting the stock solution according to the sixth invention with water, the freshwater fish breeding water according to the second invention can be produced. That is, the sixth invention is a liquid having the same composition and the same concentration as those obtained by concentrating the freshwater fish breeding water according to the second invention. The concentration ratio of the concentration is preferably set to 3 to 15 times, and more preferably set to 5 to 12 times.
前記第６発明では、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを２．６モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、前記塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有するのが好ましい。この場合には、浸透圧調整のために要するエネルギー量がより一層少なくて済み、淡水魚にとってより一層快適な状態で飼育できる。中でも、前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを３．０モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、前記塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有するのが、特に好ましい。 In said 6th invention, it is preferable to contain 2.6 mol part-18 mol part of said potassium chloride per 100 mol part of said sodium chloride, and contain 20 mol parts or less of said calcium chloride more than 0 mol part. . In this case, the amount of energy required for adjusting the osmotic pressure can be further reduced, and it can be reared in a more comfortable state for freshwater fish. Among them, it is particularly preferable that the potassium chloride is contained in an amount of 3.0 to 18 mole parts per 100 mole parts of the sodium chloride, and the calcium chloride is contained in an amount of more than 0 mole part and 20 mole parts or less.
前記第６発明では、該発明の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、必須３成分（塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化カルシウム）以外に、他の成分（例えば塩化マグネシウム等）を含んでもよい。前記第６発明において、水以外の含有成分全体における前記必須３成分（塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化カルシウム）の含有割合は９０質量％以上に設定されるのが好ましく、９５質量％以上に設定されるのがより好ましく、９８質量％以上に設定されるのが特に好ましい。 In the sixth invention, other components (for example, magnesium chloride) may be included in addition to the essential three components (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride) as long as the effects of the invention are not impaired. In the sixth aspect of the invention, the content ratio of the three essential components (sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride) in the total content other than water is preferably set to 90% by mass or more, and set to 95% by mass or more. More preferably, it is particularly preferably set to 98% by mass or more.
前記第５及び第６発明に係る濃縮原液において、水で所定の希釈倍率に希釈する際の希釈倍率は、３〜１５倍に設定されるのが好ましく、５〜１２倍に設定されるのがより好ましい。１５倍を超えた希釈倍率に設定されている場合には、濃縮原液は相当に濃縮された設計になっているので、保管中等に濃縮原液中の含有成分が析出することが懸念されることから、１５倍以下の設計であるのが好ましい。なお、濃縮原液の「３倍希釈」とは、濃縮原液の質量の２倍の質量の水を加えて希釈することを意味し、濃縮原液の「５倍希釈」とは、濃縮原液の質量の４倍の質量の水を加えて希釈することを意味し、濃縮原液の「１０倍希釈」とは、濃縮原液の質量の９倍の質量の水を加えて希釈することを意味する。 In the concentrated stock solutions according to the fifth and sixth inventions, the dilution ratio when diluted with water to a predetermined dilution ratio is preferably set to 3 to 15 times, and preferably set to 5 to 12 times. More preferred. When the dilution ratio is set to be more than 15 times, the concentrated stock solution is designed to be considerably concentrated, so that there is a concern that the components contained in the concentrated stock solution may precipitate during storage. The design is preferably 15 times or less. The “3-fold dilution” of the concentrated stock solution means dilution by adding water twice the mass of the concentrated stock solution, and the “5-fold dilution” of the concentrated stock solution means the mass of the concentrated stock solution. It means that 4 times the mass of water is added and diluted, and “10 times dilution” of the concentrated stock solution means that 9 times the mass of water of the concentrated stock solution is added and diluted.
次に、本発明の具体的実施例について説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例のものに特に限定されるものではない。 Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not particularly limited to these examples.
＜実施例１＞
純水に、塩化ナトリウム（ＮａＣｌ）、塩化カリウム（ＫＣｌ）、塩化カルシウム（ＣａＣｌ2）を混合して溶解せしめることによって、塩化ナトリウムの濃度が５０ｍＭ、塩化カリウムの濃度が０．５ｍＭ、塩化カルシウムの濃度が０．５ｍＭである淡水魚用飼育水を調製した。
<Example 1>
By mixing and dissolving sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) in pure water, the concentration of sodium chloride is 50 mM, the concentration of potassium chloride is 0.5 mM, and calcium chloride Freshwater fish breeding water having a concentration of 0.5 mM was prepared.
＜実施例２〜６、比較例３＞
前記３種類の各成分のモル濃度を表１に示す濃度に設定した以外は、実施例１と同様にして、淡水魚用飼育水を調製した。
<Examples 2 to 6, Comparative Example 3>
Breeding water for freshwater fish was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molar concentrations of the three components were set to the concentrations shown in Table 1.
＜比較例１＞
淡水魚用飼育水として純水（真水）を用いた。
<Comparative Example 1>
Pure water (fresh water) was used as freshwater fish breeding water.
＜比較例２＞
純水に、塩化ナトリウム（ＮａＣｌ）、塩化カルシウム（ＣａＣｌ2）を混合して溶解せしめることによって、塩化ナトリウムの濃度が５０ｍＭ、塩化カルシウムの濃度が０．５ｍＭである淡水魚用飼育水（塩化カリウムを含有しない）を調製した。
<Comparative example 2>
By mixing and dissolving sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) in pure water, the freshwater fish breeding water (potassium chloride) with a sodium chloride concentration of 50 mM and a calcium chloride concentration of 0.5 mM is added. Not contained).
＜実施例７＞
純水に、塩化ナトリウム（ＮａＣｌ）、塩化カリウム（ＫＣｌ）を混合して溶解せしめることによって、塩化ナトリウムの濃度が５０ｍＭ、塩化カリウムの濃度が２．０ｍＭである淡水魚用飼育水（塩化カルシウムを含有しない）を調製した。
<Example 7>
By mixing and dissolving pure water with sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl), freshwater fish breeding water (contains calcium chloride) with a sodium chloride concentration of 50 mM and a potassium chloride concentration of 2.0 mM. Not) was prepared.
＜実施例８〜１０、比較例４＞
前記３種類の各成分のモル濃度を表２に示す濃度に設定した以外は、実施例１と同様にして、淡水魚用飼育水を調製した。
<Examples 8 to 10, Comparative Example 4>
Breeding water for freshwater fish was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molar concentrations of the three components were set to the concentrations shown in Table 2.
＜実施例１１、１２、比較例５、６＞
前記３種類の各成分のモル濃度を表３に示す濃度に設定した以外は、実施例１と同様にして、淡水魚用飼育水を調製した。
<Examples 11 and 12, Comparative Examples 5 and 6>
Breeding water for freshwater fish was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molar concentrations of the three components were set to the concentrations shown in Table 3.
上記のようにして得られた各淡水魚用飼育水について下記評価法に基づいて評価を行った。これらの結果を表１〜３に示す。 Each freshwater fish breeding water obtained as described above was evaluated based on the following evaluation method. These results are shown in Tables 1-3.
なお、実施例４の淡水魚用飼育水における３成分（塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウム）のそれぞれの濃度は、海水を１０倍に希釈した１０倍希釈海水（天然海水の濃度が１０質量％である希釈海水）とほぼ同等の濃度である。従って、実施例１〜３、５、６の各淡水魚用飼育水は、１０倍希釈海水と比較して塩化カリウムの濃度は、大きい側又は小さい側に明らかにずれたものとなっている。また、実施例７〜１０の各淡水魚用飼育水は、１０倍希釈海水と比較して塩化カルシウムの濃度は、大きい側又は小さい側に明らかにずれたものとなっている。 The concentrations of the three components (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride) in the freshwater fish breeding water of Example 4 were 10 times diluted seawater obtained by diluting seawater 10 times (the concentration of natural seawater was 10% by mass). The concentration is almost equivalent to that of some diluted seawater. Therefore, the freshwater fish breeding waters of Examples 1-3, 5 and 6 have the potassium chloride concentration clearly shifted to the larger side or the smaller side compared to the 10-fold diluted seawater. Moreover, as for the breeding water for each fresh water fish of Examples 7-10, the density | concentration of a calcium chloride has shifted | deviated clearly to the large side or the small side compared with 10 times dilution seawater.
＜魚の血液浸透圧の測定法＞
コアカ（ワキン）と呼称される金魚（体重１〜２ｇ）を、淡水（体積１０Ｌ）に投入して３０分間自由に泳がせた。
<Measurement method of blood osmotic pressure of fish>
A goldfish (weight 1 to 2 g) called a core hawk (wakin) was put into fresh water (volume 10 L) and allowed to swim freely for 30 minutes.
しかる後、金魚を、アンモニア濃度が０．０２ｇ／Ｌであるアンモニア水１０Ｌ中に投入して３０分間自由に泳がせた（アンモニア水により金魚にストレスを与えた）。 Thereafter, the goldfish was put into 10 L of ammonia water having an ammonia concentration of 0.02 g / L and allowed to swim freely for 30 minutes (the goldfish was stressed by the ammonia water).
次いで、取り出した金魚を、各淡水魚用飼育水（体積１０Ｌ）に１０匹ずつ投入して７日間飼育した。例えば、実施例１の淡水魚用飼育水１０Ｌが入った水槽に１０匹の金魚を投入し、他の実施例、比較例の淡水魚用飼育水についても同様にそれぞれ１０匹の金魚を投入した。 Subsequently, 10 goldfishes were put into each freshwater fish breeding water (volume 10 L) and raised for 7 days. For example, 10 goldfishes were introduced into the aquarium containing 10 L of freshwater fish rearing water of Example 1, and 10 goldfishes were similarly added to freshwater fish rearing water of other examples and comparative examples.
７日間経過後に金魚を取り出して、各金魚の血液浸透圧（体液浸透圧）を測定した。例えば、実施例１の淡水魚用飼育水で泳がせていた１０匹の金魚について各個体毎に血液浸透圧（ｍＯｓｍ／ｋｇ）を測定し、これら１０匹の金魚の血液浸透圧の平均値を算出した。他の実施例、比較例についても同様にして算出した。表１〜３に記載の血液浸透圧（ｍＯｓｍ／ｋｇ）は、いずれも１０匹の金魚の血液浸透圧の平均値である。 After 7 days, the goldfish was taken out, and the blood osmotic pressure (body fluid osmotic pressure) of each goldfish was measured. For example, blood osmotic pressure (mOsm / kg) was measured for each of the 10 goldfishes that had been swimming in the freshwater fish breeding water of Example 1, and the average value of the blood osmotic pressure of these 10 goldfishes was calculated. . The same calculation was performed for other examples and comparative examples. The blood osmotic pressure (mOsm / kg) described in Tables 1 to 3 is an average value of blood osmotic pressure of 10 goldfishes.
なお、金魚の血液浸透圧の測定は、次のようにして行った。まず、金魚の尾部をナイフで切断し、切断部より流出した血液をキャピラリーを用いて毛細管現象により採取した。このキャピラリーからピペットで血液を４μＬを吸出し、この吸出した血液を径６ｍｍの円形状の濾紙に染み込ませ、この血液含浸濾紙を浸透圧計（ワイエスアイジャパン株式会社製の「蒸気圧法オズモメーター５５２０型」）の所定位置にセットして、血液の浸透圧を測定した。 The blood osmotic pressure of goldfish was measured as follows. First, the tail of a goldfish was cut with a knife, and blood flowing out from the cut was collected by capillary action using a capillary. 4 μL of blood is sucked out from this capillary with a pipette, and the sucked blood is soaked into a circular filter paper having a diameter of 6 mm. ) And the blood osmotic pressure was measured.
＜死亡数評価＞
上記７日間飼育している間において、２日経過時までの金魚の死亡総数、７日経過時までの金魚の死亡総数を調べた。
<Death number evaluation>
During the 7-day breeding period, the total number of goldfish deaths up to 2 days and the total number of goldfish deaths up to 7 days were examined.
＜評価結果と考察＞
前記淡水に投入して３０分間自由に泳がせた後の金魚（ストレスを与える前の金魚）は、血液浸透圧が１０匹の平均値で２５８．４（ｍＯｓｍ／ｋｇ）であるのに対し、前記アンモニア水中に投入して３０分間自由に泳がせた（金魚にストレスを与えた）後の金魚は、血液浸透圧が１０匹の平均値で２４３．６（ｍＯｓｍ／ｋｇ）であり、このように血液浸透圧が低下していた。
<Evaluation results and discussion>
Goldfish after being put into the fresh water and allowed to swim freely for 30 minutes (goldfish before being stressed) has an average blood osmotic pressure of 258.4 (mOsm / kg) for 10 animals, Goldfish after being placed in ammonia water and allowed to swim freely for 30 minutes (stressed goldfish) had an average blood osmotic pressure of 243.6 (mOsm / kg). The osmotic pressure was decreasing.
そして、ストレスを与えた後の金魚を、実施例１〜１２の各淡水魚用飼育水にそれぞれ１０匹ずつ投入して７日間飼育した後は、表１〜３に示すように、血液浸透圧が、ストレスを与える前の数値（２５８．４）と同等程度又はそれ以上まで回復していた。また、実施例１〜１２の各淡水魚用飼育水で飼育した金魚は、７日間飼育した状態で１０匹中の死亡数が０匹であった。このように、本発明の実施例１〜１２の各淡水魚用飼育水で飼育すると、ストレスを与えた金魚の血液浸透圧が、適切なレベル（浸透圧調整のために要するエネルギー量が少なくて済む約２５５ミリオスモル〜約３００ミリオスモル）まで回復しており、本発明の淡水魚用飼育水では、淡水魚にとって快適な水環境が提供されていて、淡水魚を長期にわたって死亡させることなく快適な状態（元気な状態）で飼育できることがわかる。 And after throwing 10 goldfish into each breeding water for each freshwater fish of Examples 1-12 and raising them for 7 days after applying stress, as shown in Tables 1-3, the blood osmotic pressure is It recovered to the same level or higher than the value before stress (258.4). In addition, goldfish bred in the freshwater fish breeding water of Examples 1 to 12 had 0 deaths in 10 bred for 7 days. Thus, when breeding with the freshwater fish breeding water of Examples 1 to 12 of the present invention, the blood osmotic pressure of the stressed goldfish is at an appropriate level (the amount of energy required for osmotic pressure adjustment is small). The freshwater fish breeding water of the present invention provides a comfortable water environment for freshwater fish and is in a comfortable state without causing the freshwater fish to die for a long period of time (a healthy state) ) Can be reared.
中でも、塩化カリウムの濃度が１．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭの範囲にある実施例３〜６の各淡水魚用飼育水で７日間飼育した後は、表１に示すように、金魚の血液浸透圧が、約２８０ミリオスモル〜約２９０ミリオスモル程度まで回復している。ここで、一般に、魚類の血液浸透圧は、淡水魚、海水魚に関係なく、約３００ミリオスモル程度がニュートラルな状態（浸透圧調整を殆ど要しない状態）であると言われている。従って、塩化カリウムの濃度が１．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭの範囲にある実施例３〜６の各淡水魚用飼育水で飼育した場合には、浸透圧調整のために要するエネルギー量がより一層少なくて済み、淡水魚にとってより一層快適な状態で飼育できることがわかる。 Especially, after raising for 7 days with each breeding water for fresh water fish of Examples 3-6 in which the concentration of potassium chloride is in the range of 1.3 mM to 4.5 mM, as shown in Table 1, the blood osmotic pressure of goldfish is About 280 milliosmol to about 290 milliosmol. Here, it is generally said that the blood osmotic pressure of fish is in a neutral state (a state in which almost no osmotic pressure adjustment is required) regardless of whether it is freshwater fish or saltwater fish. Therefore, when the concentration of potassium chloride is raised in the freshwater fish breeding water of Examples 3 to 6 in the range of 1.3 mM to 4.5 mM, the amount of energy required for adjusting the osmotic pressure is much smaller. It can be seen that it can be reared in a more comfortable state for freshwater fish.
これに対し、淡水魚用飼育水として淡水（真水）を用いた比較例１の淡水魚用飼育水では、７日間飼育後の血液浸透圧が平均で２４３．６（ｍＯｓｍ／ｋｇ）であり、回復できていなかったし、７日経過時までの死亡総数が３匹であった。 On the other hand, in the fresh water fish breeding water of Comparative Example 1 using fresh water (fresh water) as fresh water fish breeding water, the blood osmotic pressure after breeding for 7 days averaged 243.6 (mOsm / kg) and could be recovered. The total number of deaths until the 7th day was three.
また、塩化ナトリウムおよび塩化カルシウムを含有するものの、塩化カリウムを含有しない比較例２の淡水魚用飼育水では、７日間飼育後の血液浸透圧が平均で２５０．９（ｍＯｓｍ／ｋｇ）であり、殆ど回復できていなかったし、２日経過時までに２匹死亡し、これ以降７日経過時までにもう１匹死亡しており、７日経過時までの死亡総数が３匹であった。 In addition, the fresh water fish breeding water of Comparative Example 2 containing sodium chloride and calcium chloride but not containing potassium chloride had an average blood osmotic pressure of 250.9 (mOsm / kg) after 7 days of breeding. It was not recovered, 2 died by 2 days, and another died by 7 days thereafter, and the total number of deaths by 7 days was 3.
また、塩化カリウムの濃度が本発明の規定範囲の上限を超えている比較例３の淡水魚用飼育水では、７日経過時までに飼育魚１０匹のうち半分の５匹が死亡しており、長期飼育が困難であることがわかる。また、塩化カルシウムの濃度が本発明の規定範囲の上限を超えている比較例４の淡水魚用飼育水では、７日経過時までに飼育魚１０匹のうち３匹が死亡しており、これも長期飼育が困難であることがわかる。 Moreover, in the breeding water for fresh water fish of Comparative Example 3 in which the concentration of potassium chloride exceeds the upper limit of the specified range of the present invention, half of the 10 breeding fish have died by the end of 7 days, It turns out that long-term breeding is difficult. Moreover, in the breeding water for fresh water fish of Comparative Example 4 in which the concentration of calcium chloride exceeds the upper limit of the specified range of the present invention, 3 of 10 breeding fish have died by the end of 7 days. It turns out that long-term breeding is difficult.
また、塩化ナトリウムの濃度が本発明の規定範囲の下限より小さい比較例５の淡水魚用飼育水では、ストレスを受けた後の血液浸透圧の回復効果が不十分であり、７日経過時までに飼育魚１０匹のうち２匹が死亡した。塩化ナトリウムの濃度が本発明の規定範囲の上限を超えている比較例６の淡水魚用飼育水では、血液浸透圧が高くなり過ぎており、７日経過時までに飼育魚１０匹のうち２匹が死亡した。 In addition, the freshwater fish breeding water of Comparative Example 5 in which the concentration of sodium chloride is smaller than the lower limit of the specified range of the present invention is insufficient in the recovery effect of blood osmotic pressure after being subjected to stress, and by the end of 7 days Two of the 10 domestic fish died. In the fresh water fish breeding water of Comparative Example 6 in which the concentration of sodium chloride exceeds the upper limit of the specified range of the present invention, the blood osmotic pressure is too high, and 2 out of 10 breed fish by 7 days have passed. Died.
本発明に係る淡水魚用飼育水は、例えば金魚、メダカ、鯉、タナゴ等の観賞用淡水魚の飼育に好適に用いられるが、特に観賞用淡水魚用に限定されるものではない。 The breeding water for fresh water fish according to the present invention is preferably used for breeding ornamental fresh water fish such as goldfish, medaka, salmon, and sea bream, but is not particularly limited to ornamental fresh water fish.
本発明に係る淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液は、所定の希釈倍率に希釈されて使用される。希釈された液は、観賞用淡水魚の飼育に好適に用いられるが、特に観賞用淡水魚用に限定されるものではない。 The concentrated stock solution for freshwater fish breeding water according to the present invention is used after being diluted to a predetermined dilution ratio. The diluted liquid is preferably used for breeding ornamental freshwater fish, but is not particularly limited to ornamental freshwater fish.
本発明に係る淡水魚飼育水用組成物は、水が加えられて使用され、この液は、観賞用淡水魚の飼育に好適に用いられるが、特に観賞用淡水魚用に限定されるものではない。 The composition for breeding freshwater fish according to the present invention is used with water added, and this liquid is preferably used for breeding ornamental freshwater fish, but is not particularly limited to ornamental freshwater fish.
Claims (10)
前記飼育水中における塩化ナトリウムのモル濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭであり、
前記飼育水中における塩化カリウムのモル濃度が０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭであることを特徴とする淡水魚用飼育水。 Breeding water for freshwater fish containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride and water, and not containing calcium chloride,
The molar concentration of sodium chloride in the breeding water is 25 mM to 100 mM,
Breeding water for freshwater fish, wherein the molar concentration of potassium chloride in the breeding water is 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM.
前記飼育水中における塩化ナトリウムのモル濃度が２５ｍＭ〜１００ｍＭであり、
前記飼育水中における塩化カリウムのモル濃度が０．３ｍＭ〜４．５ｍＭであり、
前記飼育水中における塩化カルシウムのモル濃度が０ｍＭを超えて５．０ｍＭ以下であることを特徴とする淡水魚用飼育水。 Breeding water for freshwater fish containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and water,
The molar concentration of sodium chloride in the breeding water is 25 mM to 100 mM,
The molar concentration of potassium chloride in the breeding water is 0.3 mM to 4.5 mM,
Breeding water for freshwater fish, wherein the molar concentration of calcium chloride in the breeding water is more than 0 mM and 5.0 mM or less.
前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有することを特徴とする淡水魚飼育水用組成物。 A solid composition containing at least sodium chloride and potassium chloride and not containing calcium chloride,
A freshwater fish rearing water composition comprising 0.3 to 18 mole parts of the potassium chloride per 100 mole parts of the sodium chloride.
前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、前記塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有することを特徴とする淡水魚飼育水用組成物。 A solid composition comprising at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride,
For freshwater fish breeding water, containing 0.3 to 18 mole parts of potassium chloride per 100 mole parts of sodium chloride, and containing 20 to less than 20 mole parts of calcium chloride. Composition.
前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有することを特徴とする淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液。 An aqueous stock solution containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride and water, and not containing calcium chloride,
A concentrated stock solution for freshwater fish breeding water, comprising 0.3 to 18 mole parts of the potassium chloride per 100 mole parts of the sodium chloride.
前記塩化ナトリウム１００モル部当たり、前記塩化カリウムを０．３モル部〜１８モル部含有すると共に、前記塩化カルシウムを０モル部を超えて２０モル部以下含有することを特徴とする淡水魚飼育水用濃縮原液。 An aqueous stock solution containing at least sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and water,
For freshwater fish breeding water, containing 0.3 to 18 mole parts of potassium chloride per 100 mole parts of sodium chloride, and containing 20 to less than 20 mole parts of calcium chloride. Concentrated stock solution.
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