JP2014094974A - Photobase generating agent - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photobase generating agent capable of efficiently generating amines (tertiary amine or amidine) having high catalytic activity by exposure to light, having high solubility to specific solvents such as ethyl lactate, and excellent in storage stability.SOLUTION: A photobase generating agent is represented by the general formula (1). In the formula (1), Aris an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and the like, Aris an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and the like, Rto Rare a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, Ar, Rand Rmay bind each other to form a ring structure, Ris an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 1 to 4 and Yis a quaternary ammonio group represented by a specific formula.

Description

The present invention relates to a photobase generator that generates a base by light irradiation. More specifically, a material that is cured using a base generated by light irradiation (for example, a coating agent or a paint), or a product formed through patterning using a difference in solubility in a developer in an exposed area or an unexposed area, or The present invention relates to a photobase generator suitably used for producing a member (for example, electronic component, optical product, optical component forming material, layer forming material, or adhesive).

In the photobase generator (Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1) that generates a primary amine or a secondary amine, the basicity of the generated primary amine or secondary amine is low (pKa <8), It is not suitable as a catalyst for polymerization reaction or crosslinking reaction because of its low activity. In addition, since these amines have active hydrogen atoms, if they are used for polymerization reaction or crosslinking reaction of epoxides or isocyanates, they react with each other, so that a large amount of photobase generator is required to perform a sufficient reaction. There was a problem of becoming.

In order to solve such problems, photobase generators that generate strong bases (tertiary amines, pKa8-11) and super strong bases (guanidine, amidine, etc., pKa11-13) have been proposed (patents). Documents 2 to 5 and Non-Patent Document 2).

However, it is described in Patent Documents 2 to 4 and Non-Patent Document 2 for i-line (365 nm), h-line (405 nm), and g-line (436 nm) of a high-pressure mercury lamp that is a light source that is generally widely used. The photobase generator thus produced has a problem that absorption at 365 nm is particularly small and sensitivity is insufficient.

In the field of paints and the like, pigments (for example, titanium oxide) and binders having an aromatic ring may be blended with the photocurable composition. Therefore, for example, titanium oxide absorbs light of 380 nm or less, and an aromatic ring absorbs light of around 365 nm. Therefore, there is a problem that it cannot be cured by a conventional photobase generator.

  Moreover, in the photobase generator described in Patent Document 4, halogen ions are used as counter anions, but there is a concern of metal corrosion depending on the application. Moreover, since the basicity of the photobase generator described in Patent Document 5 is not blocked, there is a problem in that the storage stability of the reactive composition is lowered when it is contained in the reactive composition. is there.

As means for solving the above problems, a quaternary ammonium salt type photobase generator (Patent Document 6) has been reported, and the reported photobase generator sensitizes light having a wavelength of 350 to 500 nm. An amine (tertiary amine or amidine) having high catalytic activity can be efficiently generated.
However, the solubility in a solvent {(ethyl lactate, 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate (hereinafter abbreviated as PGMEA), etc.)} is low, and it is difficult to use for a patterning member, and improvement has been demanded.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-7709 JP 2005-107235 A JP 2005-264156 A JP 2007-119766 A JP 2009-280785 A WO2005-014696

Encyclopedia of applied optical technology and materials, Industrial Technology Service Center Co., Ltd., 2006, p. 130 J.Photopolym.Sci.Tech., Vol.19., No.1 (81) 2006

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and can be used for, for example, a crosslinking reaction of an epoxy compound, the strength of a generated base is high, and when applied to an epoxy compound or the like, An object of the present invention is to provide a base generator in which base generation reactions are carried out in a chain, excellent in reaction efficiency and high in solubility in a solvent, and a photosensitive resin composition containing the base generator.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found a photobase generator having excellent characteristics.
That is, the present invention is a photobase generator characterized by being represented by the general formula (1).

[In the formula (1), Ar ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,- An alkoxy group represented by OR ¹¹ , an amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ , an acyloxy group represented by R ¹⁵ COO—, an alkylthio group or an arylthio group represented by —SR ¹⁶ , a halogen atom or a carbon number 6 to 14 aryl groups, wherein some of the hydrogen atoms in the aryl group are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, carbon numbers 6-14 aryl group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, cyano group, alkoxy group represented by —OR ¹¹ , amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ , acyl group represented by R ¹⁴ CO—, R ¹⁵ CO An acyloxy group represented by O—, an alkylthio group or arylthio group represented by —SR ¹⁶ , or a halogen atom may be substituted; Ar ² is an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, Some of the hydrogen atoms therein are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, nitro groups, hydroxyl groups, Cyano group, alkoxy group represented by —OR ¹¹ , amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ , acyl group represented by R ¹⁴ CO—, acyloxy group represented by R ¹⁵ COO—, —SR ¹⁶ in represented by an alkylthio group or an arylthio group, or a halogen atom may be substituted by; R ¹ to R ² is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms A ^{group, Ar 1, R 1, R} 2 are bonded to each other may form a ring structure; ^{R 3} is a number from 1 to 18 alkyl group carbon; n is an integer of from 1 to 4 , provided that when n is 4, Ar ¹ is an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon ^{atoms; R 11, R 14, R} 15 and ^{R 16} are the 6-14 alkyl group carbon atoms or 1 to 8 carbon atoms An aryl group; R ¹² and R ¹³ are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms; Y ⁺ is represented by any one of the following general formulas (2) and (3): In formula (2), R ^{4 to} R ⁵ are an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. May combine with each other to form a ring structure; Q is a methylene group (—CH ₂ —) m, or In the formula (3), R ^{6 to} R ⁸ are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and 2 to 18 carbon atoms. Or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, which may be bonded to each other to have a ring structure; in formula (4), R ^{9 to} R ¹⁰ are each a hydrogen atom, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms An alkyl group and an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, which may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure; ]

  Furthermore, the present invention is a photocurable composition comprising the photobase generator described above and a base-reactive compound.

  Furthermore, this invention is a hardening body obtained by hardening | curing the said photocurable composition.

The photobase generator of the present invention can efficiently generate amines (tertiary amines or amidines) having high catalytic activity by exposing light having a wavelength of 350 to 500 nm.
Moreover, since the photobase generator of the present invention does not contain a halogen ion or the like as a counter anion, there is no concern about metal corrosion.
In addition, since the photobase generator of the present invention is not basic before exposure, even if it is contained in the reactive composition, the storage stability of the reactive composition is not reduced.
Moreover, the photobase generator of the present invention is stable against heat, and it is difficult to generate a base even when heated unless it is irradiated with light.
In addition, the photobase generator of the present invention has high solubility in ethyl lactate, PGMEA, etc., and can be used for patterning members in which those solvents are essential.
Moreover, according to the manufacturing method of the hardened | cured material using the photosensitive resin composition of this invention, in order to irradiate the light of the wavelength of 350-500 nm using said photobase generator, amine (( Tertiary amine or amidine) can be generated, and a cured product can be produced efficiently.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

The photobase generator is a compound that decomposes its chemical structure upon irradiation with light and generates a base (amine). The generated base can act as a catalyst for epoxy resin curing reaction, polyimide resin curing reaction, isocyanate and polyol urethanization reaction, acrylate crosslinking reaction, and the like.

The photobase generator of the present invention is represented by the general formula (1).

[In the formula (1), Ar ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,- An alkoxy group represented by OR ¹¹ , an amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ , an acyloxy group represented by R ¹⁵ COO—, an alkylthio group or an arylthio group represented by —SR ¹⁶ , a halogen atom or a carbon number 6 to 14 aryl groups, wherein some of the hydrogen atoms in the aryl group are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, carbon numbers 6-14 aryl group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, cyano group, alkoxy group represented by —OR ¹¹ , amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ , acyl group represented by R ¹⁴ CO—, R ¹⁵ CO An acyloxy group represented by O—, an alkylthio group or arylthio group represented by —SR ¹⁶ , or a halogen atom may be substituted; Ar ² is an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, Some of the hydrogen atoms therein are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, nitro groups, hydroxyl groups, Cyano group, alkoxy group represented by —OR ¹¹ , amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ , acyl group represented by R ¹⁴ CO—, acyloxy group represented by R ¹⁵ COO—, —SR ¹⁶ in represented by an alkylthio group or an arylthio group, or a halogen atom may be substituted by; R ¹ to R ² is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms A ^{group, Ar 1, R 1, R} 2 are bonded to each other may form a ring structure; ^{R 3} is a number from 1 to 18 alkyl group carbon; n is an integer of from 1 to 4 , provided that when n is 4, Ar ¹ is an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon ^{atoms; R 11, R 14, R} 15 and ^{R 16} are the 6-14 alkyl group carbon atoms or 1 to 8 carbon atoms An aryl group; R ¹² and R ¹³ are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms; Y ⁺ is represented by any one of the following general formulas (2) and (3): In formula (2), R ^{4 to} R ⁵ are an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. May combine with each other to form a ring structure; Q is a methylene group (—CH ₂ —) m, or In the formula (3), R ^{6 to} R ⁸ are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and 2 to 18 carbon atoms. Or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, which may be bonded to each other to have a ring structure; in formula (4), R ^{9 to} R ¹⁰ are each a hydrogen atom, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms An alkyl group and an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, which may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure; ]

In the general formula (1), the alkyl group of Ar ¹ having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 12, more preferably 1 to 8) is a linear alkyl group (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl). , N-butyl, n-pentyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl and n-octadecyl, etc., branched alkyl groups (isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl) , Isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, isohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl), cycloalkyl groups (such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl) and bridged cyclic alkyl groups ( Norbornyl, adamantyl and pinanyl).
As the alkenyl group of Ar ¹ having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (preferably 2 to 12 and more preferably 2 to 8), linear or branched alkenyl groups (vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl) 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, etc.), cyclo Examples include alkenyl groups (such as 2-cyclohexenyl and 3-cyclohexenyl) and arylalkenyl groups (such as styryl and cinnamyl).
Examples of the alkynyl group of Ar ¹ having 2 to 18 carbon atoms (preferably 2 to 12 and more preferably 2 to 8) include linear or branched alkynyl groups (ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1 -Butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-methyl- 2-butynyl, 3-methyl-1-butynyl, 1-decynyl, 2-decynyl, 8-decynyl, 1-dodecynyl, 2-dodecynyl and 10-dodecynyl) and arylalkynyl groups (phenylethynyl and the like). As the alkynyl group, in addition to the above, some of the hydrogen atoms of the alkynyl group may be a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and / or an alkylthio group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, etc. A substituted alkynyl group substituted with may be used.
Alkoxy group represented by ^{-OR 11} of Ar ^{1, -NR} 12 amino group represented by ^{R 13,} an acyloxy group represented by R 15 COO-, carbon atoms in the alkylthio group represented by ^{-SR 16} 1 Examples of the alkyl group of ˜8 (preferably 1 to 4) include alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms among the above alkyl groups. As the alkyl group, in addition to the above, a part of hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group may be a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and / or A substituted alkyl group substituted with an alkylthio group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or the like may be used.
C 6 in the alkoxy group represented by —OR ¹¹ of Ar ^1, the amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ , the acyloxy group represented by R ¹⁵ COO—, and the arylthio group represented by —SR ¹⁶ The following aryl groups are mentioned as the aryl group of -14. As the aryl group, in addition to the above, a part of the hydrogen atoms of the aryl group may be a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and / or an alkylthio group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, etc. A substituted aryl group substituted with may be used.
Examples of the alkoxy group represented by —OR ¹¹ include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy, iso-pentoxy, neo-pentoxy and 2- Examples include methylbutoxy.
Examples of the amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ include methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, methylethylamino, dipropylamino, dipropylamino and piperidino.
Examples of the acyloxy group represented by R ¹⁵ COO— include acetoxy, butanoyloxy and benzoyloxy.
Examples of the alkylthio group or arylthio group represented by —SR ¹⁶ include methylthio, ethylthio, butylthio, hexylthio, cyclohexylthio, benzylthio, phenylthio, biphenylthio and 4-methylphenylthio.
Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms of Ar ¹ and Ar ² include a monocyclic aryl group (such as phenyl), a condensed polycyclic aryl group (such as naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, anthraquinolyl, fluorenyl and naphthoquinolyl) and aromatic Heterocyclic hydrocarbon groups (thienyl, furanyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl and other monocyclic heterocycles; and indolyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzothienyl, isobenzothienyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl , Quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, xanthenyl, thianthenyl, phenoxazinyl, phenoxathinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, coumarinyl, dibenzo Enyl, Kisantoniru, Chiokisantoniru, dibenzofuranyl, etc. fused polycyclic heterocyclic ring).
As the aryl group, in addition to the above, some of the hydrogen atoms in the aryl group are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms. -14 aryl group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an alkoxy group represented by ^{-OR 11,} amino group represented by ^-NR 12 ^{R 13,} an acyl group represented by R 14 ^CO-, R 15 COO - acyloxy group represented by may be substituted with an alkylthio group or an arylthio group represented by -SR ¹⁶ or a halogen atom.

Among the substituents, examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, the alkynyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and the aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms include the same ones as described above.
Among the substituents, an alkoxy group represented by ^{-OR 11,} amino group represented by ^-NR 12 ^{R 13,} an acyl group represented by R 14 ^CO-, acyloxy group represented by R 15 COO-, - Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 4) and the aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkylthio group or arylthio group represented by SR ¹⁶ include the same ones as described above.
Examples of the acyl group represented by R ¹⁴ CO— include acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, pivaloyl and benzoyl.

In the general formula ^(1), of the R 1 to R ^2, the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (1 to 12 are preferred, more preferably 1-8.), For example, an alkyl group of the . As the alkyl group, in addition to the above, a part of hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group may be a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and / or A substituted alkyl group substituted with an alkylthio group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or the like may be used.
Among R ^{1 to} R ² , the aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms includes the above aryl group. As the aryl group, in addition to the above, a part of the hydrogen atoms of the aryl group may be a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and / or an alkylthio group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, etc. A substituted aryl group substituted with may be used.
These substituents R ^{1 to} R ² and Ar ¹ may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.

In the general formula (1), among R ³ , the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms) is exemplified as the alkyl group described above for R ^{1 to} R ^2. The same thing as a group is mentioned.

In the general formula (1), n represents the number of R ³ and Ar ² substituted on the borate anion, and is an integer of 1 to 4. When n is 4, Ar ¹ is an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.

The quaternary ammonio group (Y ⁺ ) is eliminated as a corresponding amine (Y) by light irradiation, and functions as various reaction catalysts. On the other hand, since the quaternary ammonio group (Y ⁺ ) has no basicity before light irradiation, the storage stability of the reactive composition is lowered even if it is contained in the reactive composition. Absent.

The quaternary ammonio group (Y ⁺ ) is represented by either the following general formula (2) or general formula (3).
Among R ^{4 to} R ⁵ in the general formula (2), the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms is the same as the above alkyl group, and the aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms is the same as the above aryl group. It is. These substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
In the general formula (2), Q is a methylene group (—CH ₂ —) m or a group represented by the following general formula (4), and m is an integer of 2 or 3.

The substituents R ^{9 to} R ¹⁰ in the general formula (4) are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. The aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms is the same as the above aryl group. These substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.

The substituents R ^{6 to} R ⁸ in the general formula (3) are an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, which are bonded to each other to form a ring. A structure may be formed. The alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and the aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms are each an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and a carbon number. It is the same as the aryl group of 6-14.

As the quaternary ammonio group represented by the general formula (2), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecen-8-yl {group represented by the chemical formula (5)}, 1 , 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] -5-nonen-5-yl {group represented by the chemical formula (6)} and a group represented by the general formula (7). Specific examples include 1-methylimidazol-3-yl, 1,2-dimethylimidazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-2-ethylimidazol-3-yl and the like.

In the general formula (7), the substituent R ¹⁷ is an alkyl group having 1 to ¹⁸ carbon atoms, R ¹⁸ is an alkyl group having 1 to ¹⁸ carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. And may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure. Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 12 and more preferably 1 to 8) include the same alkyl groups as those described above for R ^{1 to} R ² .
Examples of the alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms include the above alkenyl groups.
Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms include the above aryl groups.

As the quaternary ammonio group represented by the general formula (3), 1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octan-1-yl {group represented by the chemical formula (8)}, 3-hydroxy-1- Azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane-1-yl {group represented by the chemical formula (9)} and 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane-1-yl {represented by the chemical formula (10) Group, tributylammonio, trioctylammonio, octyldimethylammonio, diisopropylethylammonio and the like.

  Of these ammonio groups, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecen-8-yl (group represented by the chemical formula (5)), 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0]. ] -5-Nonen-5-yl (group represented by chemical formula (6)), 1-methylimidazol-3-yl, 1,2-dimethylimidazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-2-ethylimidazole 3-yl, 1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane-1-yl (group represented by the chemical formula (8)), 3-hydroxy-1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane-1-yl (Group represented by chemical formula (9)), 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octan-1-yl (group represented by chemical formula (10)) trioctylammonio and diisopropylethylammonio Preferably, more preferably 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene-8-yl (group represented by chemical formula (5)) and 1,5-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -5-nonene-5 -Yl (group represented by chemical formula (6)) 1-methylimidazol-3-yl, 1,2-dimethylimidazol-3-yl.

In general formula (1),
Preferred as Ar ¹ is an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the aromatic ring is substituted with a substituent containing an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom, and more preferably Is an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein at least two of the hydrogen atoms of the aromatic ring are substituted with a substituent containing an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom.
Preferred as Ar ² are a phenyl group and a naphthyl group which may have a substituent, and particularly preferred is a phenyl group which may have a substituent.
Preferred as R ^{1 to} R ² are a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and particularly preferred are a hydrogen atom and a methyl group.
R ³ is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably an alkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
Preferred as Y ⁺ is one represented by the general formula (2), and particularly preferred is one in which R ⁴ and R ⁵ in the formula (2) are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. is there.
n is preferably n = 1 to 3, and more preferably n = 1 or 3.

Preferred examples of the cationic structure of the photobase generator represented by the general formula (1) include those represented by the following chemical formulas (CA-1) to (CA-12).

Preferred examples of the anion structure of the photobase generator represented by the general formula (1) include those represented by the following chemical formulas (A-1) to (A-11).

The photobase generator of the present invention can be produced by a known method. An example is shown in the following chemical reaction formula. Corresponding to a compound (E) substituted with a leaving group (Z) having a substituent (Ar ¹ , R ¹ and R ² ) corresponding to the target photobase generator, and a quaternary ammonio group (Y ⁺ ) The cation intermediate having Z ⁻ as a counter anion is obtained by reacting with the amine (Y) to be reacted directly or in a solvent. This cation intermediate and the borate metal salt having a substituent (Ar ² , R ³ ) corresponding to the target photobase generator produced separately by a known method are subjected to anion exchange in an organic solvent or water to achieve the target light. A base generator can be obtained.

[Wherein, Ar ¹ , Ar ² , R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , Y ⁺ are the same as those in the general formula (1), Z is a leaving group, and Z ⁻ is a pair generated by elimination] An anion, Y is an amine corresponding to quaternary ammonium, and M ⁺ is a metal cation. ]

  As the amine (Y), an amine represented by the chemical formula (11) {1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -undecene-7 (DBU; “DBU” is a registered trademark of San Apro Co., Ltd.)} , Amine represented by chemical formula (12) {1,5-diazabicyclo [4,3,0] -nonene-5 (DBN)}, amine represented by chemical formula (13) {each symbol is the same as chemical formula (3) is there. For example, 1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, 3-hydroxy-1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane and 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane and the like cyclic amines and trialkylamines (Tributylamine, trioctylamine, octyldimethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, etc.), trialkenylamine (triallylamine, etc.) and triarylamine (triphenylamine, tri-p-tolylamine, diphenyl p-tolylamine, etc., chain amines, etc.) and Amines represented by chemical formula (14) {each symbol is the same as in chemical formula (7). For example, 1-methylimidazol-3-yl, 1,2-dimethylimidazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-2-ethyl Imidazol-3-yl) and the like}.

  Examples of the leaving group (Z) include a halogen atom (such as a chlorine atom and a bromine atom), a sulfonyloxy group (such as trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, 4-methylphenylsulfonyloxy and methylsulfonyloxy), and an acyloxy (acetoxy and trifluoromethyl). Carbonyloxy and the like). Of these, a halogen atom and a sulfonyloxy group are preferred from the viewpoint of ease of production.

  As the solvent, water or an organic solvent can be used. Organic solvents include hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, toluene, xylene, etc.), cyclic ethers (tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.), chlorinated solvents (chloroform, dichloromethane, etc.), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.), ketones ( Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone), nitriles (acetonitrile, etc.) and polar organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc.). These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  As reaction temperature (degreeC) of the compound (E) used as the raw material of a cation intermediate, and amine (Y), -10-100 are preferable, More preferably, it is 0-80. It is preferable to dissolve the compound (E) in an organic solvent and add an amine thereto. The amine may be added dropwise or may be added dropwise after dilution with an organic solvent.

The compound (E) can be produced by a known method. Compound (E) can be obtained by halogenating (preferably brominating) the α-position carbon substituted with the aromatic ring group (Ar ¹ ). Halogenation (bromination is preferred) can be carried out by various methods, but a method using halogen (preferably bromine) or a method using N-bromosuccinimide in combination with a radical generator is preferred and preferred (fourth) Edition Experimental Chemistry Lecture 19 Japanese Chemical Society, p422).

  A borate metal salt which is an anionic component is obtained by using a known method (for example, Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol 34, 2817 (1996) or the like) and alkyl or aryl organometallic compound and alkyl or aryl. It can be obtained by reacting a boron compound or a boron halide compound in an organic solvent. As the organometallic compound to be used, lithium compounds such as alkyl lithium and aryl lithium, and magnesium compounds (Grignard reagent) such as alkyl magnesium halide and aryl magnesium halide are preferably used.

The reaction between the boron compound and the organometallic compound is −80 ° C. to 100 ° C., preferably −50 ° C. to 50 ° C., and most preferably −30 ° C. to 30 ° C. As the organic solvent to be used, hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, toluene, xylene, etc.), cyclic ethers (tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.), and chlorinated solvents (chloroform, dichloromethane, etc.) are preferably used.

  The borate metal salt obtained above is preferably an alkali metal salt from the viewpoint of stability and solubility. In the case of reacting with a Grignard reagent, it is preferable to perform metal exchange during the reaction or after the reaction by adding sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, lithium bromide or the like. Furthermore, it is preferable to obtain it as an aqueous solution from the convenience of the subsequent anion exchange reaction. In order to obtain an aqueous solution, the organic solvent used in the reaction is distilled off to obtain a solid once, which may be dissolved in water, or may be dissolved in the aqueous layer by a liquid separation method.

Anion exchange is performed by mixing the aqueous solution of the borate metal salt obtained above with an organic solvent or aqueous solution containing an intermediate.
The anion exchange may be carried out after the intermediate is obtained, or the intermediate may be isolated and purified and then dissolved in an organic solvent again to carry out the anion exchange.

  The photobase generator obtained as described above may be purified after being separated from the organic solvent. Separation from the organic solvent can be carried out by adding a poor solvent directly to the organic solvent solution containing the photobase generator (or after concentration) to precipitate the photobase generator. Examples of the poor solvent used here include chain ethers (such as diethyl ether and dipropyl ether), esters (such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate), aliphatic hydrocarbons (such as hexane and cyclohexane), and aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene and Xylene and the like).

  When the photobase generator is an oily substance, the precipitated oily substance is separated from the organic solvent solution, and the organic solvent contained in the oily substance is distilled off to obtain the photobase generator of the present invention. On the other hand, when the photobase generator is a solid, the precipitated solid is separated from the organic solvent solution, and the organic solvent contained in the solid is distilled off to obtain the photobase generator of the present invention.

  Purification can be performed by recrystallization (a method using a difference in solubility due to cooling, a method of adding a poor solvent to precipitate, and a combination thereof). Further, when the photobase generator is an oily substance (when it is not crystallized), it can be purified by a method of washing the oily substance with water or a poor solvent.

The photobase generator of the present invention can be applied to a latent base catalyst (a catalyst that does not have a catalytic action before irradiation with light, but develops an action of a basic catalyst by light irradiation), etc. For example, it can be used as a curing catalyst for a photosensitive resin composition such as a photocurable resin composition, and is suitable as a curing catalyst for a photocurable resin composition that cures when irradiated with light of 350 to 500 nm. For example, a photocurable resin composition comprising a basic resin that promotes curing with a base, the photobase generator of the present invention, and, if necessary, a solvent and / or an additive can be easily configured. Since such a photocurable resin composition contains the photobase generator of the present invention, it is excellent in storage stability and curability. That is, a photocuring resin composition containing the photobase generator of the present invention is irradiated with light having a wavelength of 350 to 500 nm to generate a base and promote a curing reaction to obtain a cured product. . Therefore, the method for producing such a cured product preferably includes a step of generating a base by irradiating the photobase generator of the present invention with light having a wavelength of 350 to 500 nm. In addition, you may heat as needed in the case of hardening reaction.
Moreover, the photobase generator of the present invention has high solubility in ethyl lactate and PGMEA, and can be used for a patterning member in which those solvents are essential.

The photosensitive resin composition whose curing is accelerated by a base generated by light irradiation is not limited as long as it is a photocurable resin that is cured by a base. For example, a curable urethane resin {(poly) isocyanate and a curing agent (polyol and Thiol etc.), curable epoxy resin {from (poly) epoxide and curing agent (acid anhydride, carboxylic acid, (poly) epoxide, thiol, etc.), epichlorohydrin and carboxylic acid Resin, etc.}, curable acrylic resin {acrylic monomer and / or acrylic oligomer and curing agent (thiol, malonic acid ester, acetylacetonate, etc.)}, polysiloxane (cured into a crosslinked polysiloxane), polyimide resin And the resin described in Patent Document 3.

Since the photobase generator of the present invention is sensitive to light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more, in addition to commonly used high pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, high power metal halide lamps, etc. (UV / EB curing) The latest trends in technology, edited by Radtech Institute, CM Publishing, 138 pages, 2006) can be used.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further, this invention is not intending to be limited to this. Unless otherwise specified, “%” means “% by weight”.

Production Example 1 Synthesis of lithium n-hexyltriphenylborate

100 mL of 0.25 molL- ¹ triphenylborane tetrahydrofuran solution (made by Aldrich) was added to the nitrogen-substituted 4-necked reaction vessel, and it cooled to -20 degreeC. Thereto, 11 mL of 2.3 mol L- ¹ hexyl lithium hexane solution (manufactured by Aldrich) was gradually added dropwise. After the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and further 100 mL of hexane was added, followed by filtration. The organic layer was concentrated to give a white solid. The solution was immediately dissolved in 33.4 g of water to obtain a 20% aqueous solution of lithium n-hexyltriphenylborate.

Production Examples 2 to 4
The same procedure as in Production Example 1 was carried out except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed, and a lithium sec-butyltriphenylborate 20% aqueous solution, a lithium n-butyltriphenylborate 20% aqueous solution, and a lithium ethyltriphenylborate 20% aqueous solution were obtained. It was.

Production Example 5 Synthesis of lithium di-n-butyldiphenylborate: 2.7 g of chloroborane methyl sulfide complex (manufactured by Aldrich) was added to a four-necked reaction vessel, and 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added. Thereto, 5 g of 1-hexene (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry) was added little by little. After reacting at room temperature for 1 hour, it was cooled to −20 ° C., and 50 mL of a 2.0 mol L- ¹ butyl lithium cyclohexane solution (manufactured by Aldrich) was added dropwise. After the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and further 100 mL of hexane was added, followed by filtration. The organic layer was concentrated to give a white solid. The solution was immediately dissolved in 28.6 g of water to obtain a 20% aqueous solution of lithium di-n-butyldiphenylborate.

Production Examples 6 to 10
In Production Example 1, except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed, the same method was used, except that a lithium dicyclohexyldiliphenylborate 20% aqueous solution, a lithium di-n-butyldimesitylborate 20% aqueous solution, a lithium tri-n-butylphenylborate 20% aqueous solution, A lithium n-butyltri-p-anisylborate 20% aqueous solution and a lithium n-butyltri-p-fluorophenylborate 20% aqueous solution were obtained.

Production Example 11 Synthesis of Lithium Tetra-n-butylborate: To a four-necked reaction vessel, 3.5 g of boron trifluoride ether complex was added, and 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran was further added and stirred. It cooled to -20 degreeC and 50 mL of 2.0 molL- ¹ butyl lithium cyclohexane solutions (made by Aldrich) were dripped there. After the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and 100 mL of hexane was added for filtration. The white solid obtained by concentrating the organic layer was quickly dissolved in 24.6 g of water to obtain a 20% aqueous solution of lithium tetra n-butyl borate.

Example 1
Synthesis of Compound a101 (1) 2-Methylthioxanthone (Intermediate a-1)
140 g of sulfuric acid was charged into an Erlenmeyer flask, 10 g of dithiosalicylic acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. While cooling in an ice bath, 25 g of toluene was added dropwise while maintaining the temperature at 20 ° C. or lower. After the dropwise addition, the temperature was returned to room temperature and further stirred for 2 hours. The reaction solution was poured into 800 g of ice water. The precipitated yellow solid was filtered off, dissolved in 200 g of dichloromethane and washed with water. The organic layer was concentrated to obtain 9 g of a yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be intermediate (a-1) by 1H-NMR.

(2) Synthesis of 2-bromomethylthioxanthone (intermediate a-2)
In a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux tube, 2 g of intermediate (a-1) was dissolved in 100 mL of cyclohexane, and 8 g of N-bromosuccinimide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 0.1 g of benzoyl peroxide were added to the solution under reflux. The reaction was performed for 4 hours. The solvent was retained and 50 mL of chloroform was added thereto to dissolve the residue, followed by washing with water three times. The organic layer was concentrated to obtain 2 g of a brown solid. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate gave 1.8 g of a yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be intermediate (a-2) by 1H-NMR.

(3) Synthesis of Intermediate (a-3) 1 g of Intermediate (a-2) was dissolved in 85 g of dichloromethane, and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene (DBU, manufactured by San Apro) was dissolved therein. ) 0.5 g was added dropwise and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was distilled off to obtain a white solid. This white solid was recrystallized from tetrahydrofuran / dichloromethane to obtain 1.1 g of a white solid. This white solid was confirmed to be an intermediate (a-3) by 1H-NMR.

(4) Synthesis of Compound (a101) To the aqueous solution of lithium n-hexyltriphenylborate (5 g) synthesized in Production Example 1, 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) previously dissolved in 50 g of chloroform was added little by little. And stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Washing with water was performed three times, and the organic layer was concentrated to obtain a yellow solid. This yellow solid was recrystallized from acetonitrile / ether to obtain 1.2 g of a slightly yellow solid. This slightly yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (a101) by 1H-NMR. The structure of the compound (a101) is shown in Table 1.

Examples 2-11
In Example 1, compounds (a102) to (a111) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (a102) to (a111) are shown in Table 1.

Example 12
Synthesis of Compound a201 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate (a-4) Example 1- (3) 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene in the synthesis of intermediate (a-3) ( DBU, manufactured by San Apro) 0.5 g was changed to 0.4 g of 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] -5-nonene (manufactured by San Apro), and the same operation as in Example 1- (3) was performed. 1.1 g of a white solid was obtained. This white solid was confirmed to be an intermediate (a-4) by 1H-NMR.

(2) Synthesis of Compound a201 The same as Example 1- (4) except that 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) was changed to 1.0 g of intermediate (a-4) in Example 1- (4). Operation was performed to obtain 1.1 g of a slightly yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (a201) by 1H-NMR. The structure of the compound (a201) is shown in Table 1.

Examples 13-22
In Example 12, compounds (a202) to (a211) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (a202) to (a211) are shown in Table 1.

Example 23
Synthesis of Compound a301 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate (a-5) Example 1- (3) In the synthesis of intermediate (a-3), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene ( The same operation as in Example 1- (3) was performed except that 0.5 g of DBU (manufactured by San Apro) was changed to 2.0 g of 1-methylimidazole (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry), and 1.1 g of a white solid was obtained. This white solid was confirmed to be an intermediate (a-5) by 1H-NMR.

(2) Synthesis of Compound a301 Same as Example 1- (4), except that 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) was changed to 0.9 g of intermediate (a-5) in Example 1- (4). Operation was performed to obtain 1.3 g of a slightly yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (a301) by 1H-NMR. The structure of the compound (a301) is shown in Table 1.

Examples 24-33
In Example 23, compounds (a302) to (a311) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (a302) to (a311) are shown in Table 1.

Example 34
Synthesis of Compound a401 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate (a-6) Example 1- (3) 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene in the synthesis of intermediate (a-3) The same operation as in Example 1- (3) was performed except that 0.5 g of DBU (manufactured by San Apro) was changed to 2.1 g of 1,2-dimethylimidazole (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry), and 1.1 g of a white solid was obtained. It was confirmed by 1H-NMR that this white solid was an intermediate (a-6).

(2) Synthesis of Compound a401 The same as Example 1- (4) except that 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) was changed to 0.9 g of intermediate (a-6) in Example 1- (4). Operation was performed to obtain 1.2 g of a slightly yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (a401) by 1H-NMR. The structure of the compound (a401) is shown in Table 1.

Examples 35-44
In Example 34, compounds (a402) to (a411) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (a402) to (a411) are shown in Table 1.

Example 45
Synthesis of Compound a501 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate (a-7) Example 1- (3) In the synthesis of intermediate (a-3), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene ( The same operation as in Example 1- (3) was performed except that 0.5 g of DBU (manufactured by San Apro) was changed to 0.4 g of quinuclidine (manufactured by Aldrich) to obtain 1.2 g of a white solid. This white solid was confirmed to be an intermediate (a-7) by 1H-NMR.

(2) Synthesis of Compound a501 The same as Example 1- (4) except that 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) was changed to 0.9 g of intermediate (a-7) in Example 1- (4). Operation was performed to obtain 1.2 g of a slightly yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (a501) by 1H-NMR. The structure of the compound (a501) is shown in Table 2.

Examples 46-55
In Example 45, compounds (a502) to (a511) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (a502) to (a511) are shown in Table 2.

Example 56
Synthesis of Compound a601 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate (a-8) Example 1- (3) In the synthesis of intermediate (a-3), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene ( The same operation as in Example 1- (3) was performed except that 0.5 g of DBU (manufactured by San Apro) was changed to 0.5 g of diisopropylethylamine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry), and 1.1 g of a white solid was obtained. It was confirmed by 1H-NMR that this white solid was an intermediate (a-8).

(2) Synthesis of Compound a601 The same as Example 1- (4) except that 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) was changed to 1.0 g of intermediate (a-8) in Example 1- (4). Operation was performed to obtain 1.2 g of a slightly yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (a601) by 1H-NMR. The structure of the compound (a601) is shown in Table 2.

Examples 57-66
In Example 56, compounds (a602) to (a611) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (a602) to (a611) are shown in Table 2.

Example 67
Synthesis of Compound b101 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate (b-1) Example 1- (3) In the synthesis of intermediate (a-3), 1 g of intermediate (a-2) was converted to 3,4-dimethoxy-2nitro. Except for using 0.9 g of benzyl bromide (manufactured by Aldrich), the same operation as in Example 1- (3) was performed to obtain 1.2 g of a white solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be intermediate (b-1) by 1H-NMR.

(2) Synthesis of compound b101 The same as Example 1- (4) except that 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) was changed to 0.9 g of intermediate (b-1) in Example 1- (4). Operation was performed to obtain 1.0 g of a yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (b101) by 1H-NMR. The structure of the compound (b101) is shown in Table 2.

Examples 68-72
In Example 67, compounds (b201) to (a601) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (a201) to (a601) are shown in Table 2.

Examples 73-78
In Examples 67 to 72, compounds (b107) to (b607) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (b107) to (b607) are shown in Table 2.

Examples 79-84
In Examples 67 to 72, compounds (b108) to (b608) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (b108) to (b608) are shown in Table 2.

Examples 85-90
In Examples 67 to 72, compounds (b111) to (b611) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (b111) to (b611) are shown in Table 2.

Example 91
Synthesis of Compound c101 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate (c-1) 26 g of 4-phenyldiphenyl sulfide was dissolved in 100 g of dichloromethane, and 30 g of aluminum chloride was added thereto and stirred. While cooling in an ice bath, p-tolylbenzoyl chloride (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry) was added dropwise. The reaction was continued for 6 hours, and the mixture was poured into 500 g of ice water. The organic layer was washed with water three times and concentrated to obtain 32 g of a white solid. This white solid was confirmed to be intermediate (c-1) by 1H-NMR.

(2) Synthesis of intermediate (c-2) In a reaction vessel with a reflux tube, 15 g of intermediate (c-1) was dissolved in 100 mL of cyclohexane, and N-bromosuccinimide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added thereto. 8 g and benzoyl peroxide 0.1 g were added and reacted under reflux for 4 hours. The solvent was distilled off, and 50 mL of chloroform was added thereto to dissolve the residue, followed by washing with water three times. The organic layer was concentrated to obtain 18 g of a brown solid. Recrystallization was performed with ethyl acetate to obtain 14 g of a white solid. This white solid was confirmed to be an intermediate (c-2) by 1H-NMR.

(3) Synthesis of Intermediate (c-3) Example 1- (3) In the synthesis of intermediate (a-3), 1 g of intermediate (a-2) was changed to 1.5 g of intermediate (c-2). Except for the above, the same operation as in Example 1- (3) was performed to obtain 1.8 g of a white solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be an intermediate (c-3) by 1H-NMR.

(4) Synthesis of Compound c101 The same as Example 1- (4) except that 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) was changed to 1.3 g of intermediate (c-3) in Example 1- (4). Operation was performed to obtain 1.6 g of a yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (c101) by 1H-NMR. The structure of the compound (c101) is shown in Table 3.

Examples 92-96
In Example 91, compounds (c201) to (c601) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (c201) to (c601) are shown in Table 3.

Examples 97-103
In Examples 91 to 96, compounds (c107) to (c607) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of compounds (c107) to (c607) are shown in Table 3.

Examples 103-108
In Examples 91 to 96, compounds (c108) to (c608) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of compounds (c108) to (c608) are shown in Table 3.

Examples 109-114
In Examples 91 to 96, compounds (c111) to (c611) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (c111) to (c611) are shown in Table 3.

Example 115
Synthesis of Compound d101 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate (d-1) Example 1- (3) In the synthesis of intermediate (a-3), 1 g of intermediate (a-2) was converted to 4-bromomethyl-6,7- Except for using 1.0 g of dimethoxycoumarin (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry), the same operation as in Example 1- (3) was performed to obtain 1.1 g of a white solid. This white solid was confirmed to be intermediate (d-1) by 1H-NMR.

(2) Synthesis of compound d101 The same as Example 1- (4), except that 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) was changed to 1.0 g of intermediate (d-1) in Example 1- (4). Operation was performed to obtain 1.2 g of a yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (d101) by 1H-NMR.

Examples 116-120
In Example 115, compounds (d201) to (d601) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (d201) to (d601) are shown in Table 3.

Examples 121-126
In Examples 115 to 120, compounds (d107) to (d607) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (d107) to (d607) are shown in Table 3.

Examples 127-132
In Examples 115 to 120, compounds (d108) to (d608) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (d108) to (d608) are shown in Table 3.

Examples 133-138
In Examples 115 to 120, compounds (d111) to (d611) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (d111) to (d611) are shown in Table 3.

Example 139
Synthesis of Compound e101 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate (e-1) 20 g of 3,4-dimethoxy-6-nitrobenzophenone (manufactured by Aldrich) was dissolved in 500 mL of ethanol, and 5 g of sodium borohydride was gradually added thereto. . The reaction was performed at room temperature for 10 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated and recrystallized with ethyl acetate to obtain 12 g of a red solid. This red solid was confirmed to be intermediate (e-1) by 1H-NMR.

(2) Synthesis of intermediate (e-2) 10 g of intermediate (e-1) was made into toluene, and 10 g of phosphorus tribromide was added thereto. Further, 15 g of pyridine was added and reacted for 24 hours. The organic layer was washed 5 times with water and concentrated, and the residue was recrystallized with ether to obtain 8 g of a yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be an intermediate (e-2) by 1H-NMR.

(3) Synthesis of Intermediate (e-3) Example 1- (3) In the synthesis of intermediate (a-3), 1 g of intermediate (a-2) was changed to 1 g of intermediate (e-2). The same operation as in Example 1- (3) was performed to obtain 1.3 g of a yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be an intermediate (e-3) by 1H-NMR.

(4) Synthesis of Compound e101 The same as Example 1- (4), except that 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) was changed to 1.0 g of intermediate (e-3) in Example 1- (4). Operation was performed to obtain 1.2 g of a yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (e101) by 1H-NMR.

Examples 140-144
In Example 139, compounds (e201) to (e601) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (e201) to (e601) are shown in Table 4.

Examples 145-150
In Examples 139 to 144, compounds (e107) to (e607) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (e107) to (e607) are shown in Table 4.

Examples 151-156
In Examples 139 to 144, compounds (e108) to (e608) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of compounds (e108) to (e608) are shown in Table 4.

Examples 157-162
In Examples 139 to 144, compounds (e111) to (e611) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (e111) to (e611) are shown in Table 4.

Example 163
Synthesis of Compound f101 (1) Synthesis of Intermediate (f-1) Example 1- (2) In the synthesis of intermediate (a-2), 1 g of intermediate (a-1) was converted to 2-isopropylthioxanthone (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry). ) Except for 2 g, the same operation as in Example 1- (2) was performed to obtain 2.3 g of a yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be an intermediate (f-1) by 1H-NMR.

(2) Synthesis of intermediate (f-2) Example 1- (3) In the synthesis of intermediate (a-3), 1 g of intermediate (a-2) was changed to 1.2 g of intermediate (f-1). Otherwise, the same operation as in Example 1- (3) was performed to obtain 1.1 g of a light brown solid. It was confirmed by 1H-NMR that this light brown solid was an intermediate (f-2).

(3) Synthesis of Compound f101 The same as Example 1- (4) except that 1.0 g of intermediate (a-3) was changed to 1.1 g of intermediate (f-2) in Example 1- (4). Operation was performed to obtain 1.1 g of a yellow solid. This yellow solid was confirmed to be the compound (f101) by 1H-NMR.

Examples 164-168
In Example 163, compounds (f201) to (f601) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (f201) to (f601) are shown in Table 4.

Examples 169-174
In Examples 163 to 168, compounds (f107) to (f607) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (f107) to (f607) are shown in Table 4.

Examples 175-180
In Examples 163 to 168, compounds (f108) to (f608) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (f108) to (f608) are shown in Table 4.

Examples 181 to 186
In Examples 163 to 168, compounds (f111) to (f611) were obtained in the same manner except that the reaction conditions and raw materials were changed. The structures of the compounds (f111) to (f611) are shown in Table 4.

The structures of aromatic ring groups A, B, C, D and amine A in Tables 1 to 6 are as follows.

Comparative Example 1
The following photobase generator (H-1) described in Patent Document 6 (WO 2005-014696) was prepared.

<Evaluation of solubility in organic solvents>
Photobase generators of Examples 1 to 138 (a101 to a111, a201 to a211, a301 to a311, a401 to a411, a501 to a511, a601 to a611, b101 to b601, b107 to b607, b108 to b608, b111 to b611 , C101 to c601, c107 to c607, c108 to c608, c111 to c611, d101 to d601, d107 to d607, d108 to d608, d111 to d611, e101 to e601, e107 to e607, e108 to e608, e111 to e611, f101 To f601, f107 to f607, f108 to f608, f111 to f611) and the comparative photobase generator (H-1) of Comparative Example 1 were added to an organic solvent (methyl lactate, PGMEA) in an amount of 1 to 5 wt%, respectively. Outside The was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Tables 5-8.
(Criteria)
A: Transparent, uniform (dissolved 5% or more)
○: Transparent, uniform (1-5% dissolution)
X: cloudiness or phase separation

  From the results of Tables 5 to 8, the photobase generator of the present invention has high solubility in ethyl lactate and PGMEA. When a photobase generator is used for the patterning member, it must be highly soluble in ethyl lactate, PGMEA, etc., and the photobase generator of the present invention is excellent. On the other hand, the photobase generator (H-1) of Comparative Example 1 has low solubility and is difficult to use for the patterning member.

(Photodegradability evaluation)
<Preparation of photobase generator-containing solution>
A chloroform solution was prepared so that the photobase generators of Examples 1 to 186 had a molar concentration of 7.00 × 10 ⁻⁶ mol / g. (For example, 0.0037 g of the photobase generator (a101) of Example 1 is dissolved in 0.75 g of chloroform.) Similarly, the base generator-containing solution is prepared so that the base generator of Comparative Example 1 has the same molar concentration. Obtained.

<Photodegradability evaluation>
The above-obtained photobase generator-containing solution of the present invention was filled in an NMR tube and exposed with a belt conveyor type UV irradiation device (Igraphics Corporation, ECS-151U) ( ² J / cm ² with a 365 nm integrated light amount). did. In addition, in order to control the exposure wavelength, a filter (I Graphics Co., Ltd., 365 filter) that transmits light having a wavelength of 300 to 450 nm was used.
Thereafter, 10 mg of dichloromethane was added as an internal standard, and ¹ H-NMR (300 MHz) analysis was performed, and it was confirmed that the photobase generator of the present invention was decomposed {signal of proton of —CH ₂ — adjacent to the base 4 Confirmed decrease of .60 ppm (s, 2H)}.
The results are shown in Tables 5-8. In all cases, the decomposition rate was 0% for the unexposed ones. The decomposition rate was based on the following calculation formula.
Similarly, the comparative photobase generator-containing solution was operated in the same manner, and it was confirmed that the comparative photobase generator (H-1) was decomposed.

The decomposition rate was obtained by the following calculation formula. In addition, the integral value used the value obtained on the basis of the dichloromethane which is an internal standard.
Decomposition rate (%) = [{(-CH 2 adjacent to the base of the unexposed solution _- integrated value of protons of) - (-CH 2 adjacent to the base of the exposure solutions _- integrated value of protons)} / (Not Integrated value of protons of —CH ₂ — adjacent to the base of the exposure solution)] × 100

  From the results of Tables 5 to 8, it was confirmed that the photobase generators of Examples 1 to 186 were efficiently decomposed by light as compared to the photobase generation (H-1) of Comparative Example 1.

[Confirmation of base generation]
The BTB solution was added to the photobase generator-containing solution, and the presence or absence of base generation was confirmed. As a result, the exposed photobase generator-containing solution turned blue, confirming the generation of base. On the other hand, it was found that the unexposed solution was yellow and did not generate a base.
From this result, the photobase generators of Examples 1 to 186 and the photobase generator (H-1) of Comparative Example 1 are decomposed by light to generate bases.

[Check resin curability]
In order to confirm the effects of the base generators of Examples and Comparative Examples, the following photocurable resin compositions were prepared, and the curability was confirmed by the presence or absence of surface tack.
(Resin composition)
Bisphenol A type epoxy resin 100g
(JER-828; made by Japan Epoxy Resin)
Acid anhydride (HN5500E; manufactured by Hitachi Chemical) 90g
Solvent (PGMEA) 200g
Photobase generator 5g

(Test method)
The above composition is uniformly mixed, uniformly coated on a glass substrate (100 mm × 100 mm) with a bar coater, dried, and then exposed with a belt conveyor type UV irradiation device (Eye Graphics Co., ECS-151U) (exposure wavelength is controlled). Therefore, a filter (Igraphics Co., Ltd., 365 filter) that transmits 300-450 nm was used to generate a base. Heating was performed on a hot plate heated to 150 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the presence or absence of surface tack was confirmed.
In the base generator of the example, a transparent cured product was obtained, whereas in the base generator of the comparative example, the surface of the cured product was not tacky because of poor solubility, but it was opaque and had a rough surface appearance. A cured product was obtained. When heated without light irradiation, it was not cured even when heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes.
From these results, the base generators of the examples have high solvent solubility, and can be suitably used in a photocurable composition containing a solvent that is essential for a patterning material.

The photobase generator of the present invention can be patterned using a material that is cured using a base generated by light irradiation (for example, a coding agent or a paint), or a difference in solubility in a developer in an exposed area and an unexposed area. It is suitably used for the manufacture of products or members (for example, electronic components, optical products, optical component forming materials, layer forming materials, or adhesives) formed through the process.

Claims (10)

A photobase generator represented by the general formula (1).

[In the formula (1), Ar ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,- An alkoxy group represented by OR ¹¹ , an amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ , an acyloxy group represented by R ¹⁵ COO—, an alkylthio group or an arylthio group represented by —SR ¹⁶ , a halogen atom or a carbon number 6 to 14 aryl groups, wherein some of the hydrogen atoms in the aryl group are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, carbon numbers 6-14 aryl group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, cyano group, alkoxy group represented by —OR ¹¹ , amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ , acyl group represented by R ¹⁴ CO—, R ¹⁵ CO An acyloxy group represented by O—, an alkylthio group or arylthio group represented by —SR ¹⁶ , or a halogen atom may be substituted; Ar ² is an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, Some of the hydrogen atoms therein are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, nitro groups, hydroxyl groups, Cyano group, alkoxy group represented by —OR ¹¹ , amino group represented by —NR ¹² R ¹³ , acyl group represented by R ¹⁴ CO—, acyloxy group represented by R ¹⁵ COO—, —SR ¹⁶ in represented by an alkylthio group or an arylthio group, or a halogen atom may be substituted by; R ¹ to R ² is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms A ^{group, Ar 1, R 1, R} 2 are bonded to each other may form a ring structure; ^{R 3} is a number from 1 to 18 alkyl group carbon; n is an integer of from 1 to 4 , provided that when n is 4, Ar ¹ is an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon ^{atoms; R 11, R 14, R} 15 and ^{R 16} are the 6-14 alkyl group carbon atoms or 1 to 8 carbon atoms An aryl group; R ¹² and R ¹³ are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms; Y ⁺ is represented by any one of the following general formulas (2) and (3): In formula (2), R ^{4 to} R ⁵ are an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. May combine with each other to form a ring structure; Q is a methylene group (—CH ₂ —) m, or In the formula (3), R ^{6 to} R ⁸ are alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and 2 to 18 carbon atoms. Or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, which may be bonded to each other to have a ring structure; in formula (4), R ^{9 to} R ¹⁰ are each a hydrogen atom, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms An alkyl group and an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, which may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure; ]

The photobase generator according to claim ¹ , wherein, in the general formula (1), R ¹ and R ² are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In the general formula (1), Ar ¹ is an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the aromatic ring is a group substituted with a substituent containing an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom. The photobase generator according to claim 1 or 2. The photobase generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the general formula (1), Ar ² is a phenyl group or a naphthyl group which may have a substituent. In the general formula (1), photobase generator according to any crab claims 1 to 4 R ³ is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. In general formula (1), n is 1 or 3, The photobase generator in any one of Claims 1-5. Y ^<+> is what is represented by General formula (2), The photobase generator in any one of Claims 1-6. The photobase generator according to claim 7, wherein Y ⁺ is selected from the group of the following formulas (5) to (7).

[In the formula (7), R ¹⁷ is an alkyl group having 1 to ¹⁸ carbon atoms, R ¹⁸ is an alkyl group having 1 to ¹⁸ carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. , May be bonded to each other to form a ring structure. ] A photocurable composition comprising the photobase generator according to claim 1 and a base-reactive compound. A cured product obtained by curing the photocurable composition according to claim 9.