JP2014083661A - Composite machining grinder and machining method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composite machining grinder capable of all machining operations of performing cylinder grinding, screw grinding and gear grinding by a single apparatus.SOLUTION: A grindstone shaft 124a is suspended and supported in a grindstone head 125b, and a grindstone 116 is attachable to and removable from the grindstone shaft 124a coaxially. The grindstone 116 is rotation-drivable by a spindle motor, and the grindstone shaft 124a is swingable in the Y axis direction of the grindstone head 125b with respect to the grindstone head 125b. A motor for the swinging operation, not illustrated, is provided. Taking the angle when the grindstone shaft 124a coincides with the Z axis as 0 degree for the sake of convenience, and the anticlockwise direction as the forward direction, the swingable angle is e.g. -10 to 90 degree. The swingable angle is, however, not restricted by the condition and may be 0 degree required for circumferential grinding, 90 degree required for gear grinding or -α degree to α degree (e.g. α=10) required for gear grinding.

Description

  The present invention relates to a composite processing grinder and a processing method using the same, and more particularly to a composite processing grinder capable of handling a plurality of different types of grinding processing and a processing method using the same.

  When grinding a workpiece (hereinafter referred to as “workpiece”) with a grindstone, the types of grinding applied to the workpiece include cylindrical grinding, screw grinding, gear grinding, and the like. As a grinding machine, a conventional grinding machine has been provided exclusively for each grinding (for example, Patent Literature 1 as an example of a cylindrical grinding machine, Patent Literature 2 as an example of a screw grinding machine, gears) (See Patent Document 3 for examples of grinding machines). In addition, the current state of technological development is progressing in the direction of optimization for each grinding machine.

JP 2011-131320 A JP 2002-28864 A JP 2006-110699 A

  However, depending on the workpiece, there are not a few cases where at least many of them, such as cylindrical grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding, need to be performed as machining. When working on such workpieces, it is necessary to prepare all the corresponding grinding machines necessary for each of the above-mentioned grindings, and each time a work process of mounting and removing the workpieces on each grinding machine is necessary. It is inefficient and disadvantageous from a cost standpoint.

  The above-mentioned method is not so much a problem if it is a small quantity and large quantity processing, but if it is a large quantity and small quantity processing, the problem is greatly affected.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a composite processing grinder capable of performing all the processes of cylindrical grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding with a single device. There is to do.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a machining method capable of automatically carrying out all machining operations such as cylindrical grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding on a single workpiece using the grinding machine. It is in.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the combined grinding machine of the present invention comprises a grinding wheel shaft on which a grinding wheel for machining a workpiece is coaxially attached and detached, a grinding wheel rotation driving means for rotationally driving the grinding wheel, and the grinding wheel A first mechanism for moving the shaft in a direction perpendicular to the axis so as to approach and move away from the workpiece, a second mechanism for moving the grinding wheel shaft in the axial direction, and the grinding wheel shaft, A third mechanism for turning at least 90 degrees about an axis in a moving direction by the first mechanism, and the first mechanism, the second mechanism, and the third mechanism as the grindstone is rotated by the grindstone rotation driving means. The gist is provided with a control means for performing drive control of the grindstone shaft and performing all of circumferential grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding on the workpiece.

  Here, preferably, the combined machining grinder further includes an automatic tool changer for automatically attaching / detaching a desired grindstone to / from the grindstone shaft.

  In order to achieve the above object, a processing method using the composite processing grinder of the present invention includes a grindstone shaft on which a grindstone for machining a workpiece is coaxially attached and detached, and a grindstone that rotationally drives the grindstone. A rotation driving means; a first mechanism for moving the grindstone axis in a direction perpendicular to the axis to approach and move away from the workpiece; and a second mechanism for moving the grindstone axis in the axial direction. A third mechanism for turning the grindstone shaft at least 90 degrees about an axis in a moving direction by the first mechanism, and the rotation of the grindstone by the grindstone rotation driving means, the first mechanism, the second mechanism, And a control means for controlling the driving of the grinding wheel shaft by the third mechanism, a processing method in a combined machining grinder, a) a desired grinding wheel with respect to the grinding wheel shaft by an automatic tool changer Mounting B) performing any one of the circumferential grinding, the thread grinding, and the gear grinding, and c) repeating the steps a) and b) to perform the circumferential grinding on one workpiece, The gist is to perform all processes of the thread grinding and the gear grinding.

  According to the composite processing grinder of the present invention, all processing of cylindrical grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding can be performed with one apparatus. Further, if an automatic tool changer is further provided, all processes of cylindrical grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding can be performed automatically.

  Moreover, according to the processing method using the composite processing grinder of the present invention, all processing of cylindrical grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding can be automatically performed on one workpiece.

It is a front view of one embodiment in the combined processing grinder of the present invention. It is a side view of one embodiment in the compound processing grinder of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the detailed structure of the automatic change mechanism in a tool automatic change apparatus. It is a figure for demonstrating the position of the grindstone axis | shaft when performing cylindrical grinding, and the relationship between a workpiece | work and a grindstone. It is a figure for demonstrating the position of the grindstone axis | shaft when performing thread grinding, and the relationship between a workpiece | work and a grindstone. It is a figure for demonstrating the position of the grindstone axis | shaft when performing gear grinding, and the relationship between a workpiece | work and a grindstone. It is a figure which shows the procedure of the specific example in the case of grinding by one Embodiment in the composite processing grinder of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the example in the case of grinding by one Embodiment in the composite processing grinder of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the combined machining grinder of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of the combined machining grinder of the present invention. With reference to these drawings, first, the configuration of an embodiment of the combined machining grinder of the present invention will be described.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a combined machining grinder 100, which is an embodiment of the combined machining grinder of the present invention, includes a bed and peripheral device (hereinafter referred to as “bed etc.”) 110, and a bed etc. 110. And a processing base portion 130 placed on the surface. Further, on the right side of the processing base portion 130 in the side view (FIG. 2), a column slidable in the left-right direction (which is defined as the “Y-axis” direction) in the side view with respect to the processing base portion 130. 170 is installed. This sliding operation is performed by the column drive motor 153. Further, on one side surface of the column 170, a grindstone head 125b that is slidable with respect to the column 170 in the vertical direction (which is defined as the Z-axis direction) is provided. This sliding operation is performed by the grinding wheel head drive motor 152. A grinding wheel shaft 124a is suspended and supported by the grinding wheel head 125b. A grindstone 116 can be attached to and detached from the grindstone shaft 124a coaxially with the shaft, and the grindstone 116 can be rotationally driven by a spindle motor (not shown because it is a built-in type). Yes. Therefore, as the grindstone head 125b slides on the column 170, the grindstone shaft 124a, the grindstone 116, and the spindle motor can also move in the Z-axis direction, that is, in the vertical direction with respect to the column 170.

  Further, the grindstone shaft 124a is configured to be rotatable with respect to the grindstone head 125b as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. A motor (not shown) for this turning operation is provided. The swivelable angle is, for example, -10 degrees to 90 degrees when the direction of the grindstone shaft 124a coincides with the Z-axis for convenience of 0 degrees and counterclockwise as the positive direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and includes 0 degree necessary for circumferential grinding, 90 degrees necessary for gear grinding, and −α to α degrees (for example, α = 10) necessary for thread grinding. Good.

  In FIG. 2, a table 114 on which a workpiece W is installed, a tailstock 172a, and a tailstock support 172b are installed on the left side of the processing base portion 130. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 to be described later, the workpiece W is sandwiched between an upper center 173a and a lower center 173b, and can be rotated around the Z axis by a motor (not shown). .

  The combined machining grinder 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes an automatic tool changer 400. However, this configuration is not essential to the present invention, and the tool can be changed manually. As shown in FIG. 1, the automatic tool changer 400 is generally configured such that an automatic change mechanism is slidable on a base portion 450.

  FIG. 3 is a detailed configuration diagram of the automatic exchange mechanism. The automatic change mechanism shown in the figure includes a slide arm 401 that can slide with respect to the main body of the automatic tool changer or the grinder, and a rotary member 404 that is a rod-like member and can hold the grindstone 116 at both ends thereof. An arm support rotary shaft 403 that pivotally supports the rotary arm 404 so that the rotary arm 404 can rotate at the center thereof, and controls the rotation of the rotary arm 404. And an actuator 402 attached to the actuator. Specifically, grippers 405 are attached to both ends of the rotating arm 404, and the grindstone 116 is gripped when the grippers 405 are fitted into the grip grooves of the grinding ledge portion of the grindstone 116. It has become.

  In general, the composite processing grinder 100 is provided with panels 190 as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 to be described later.

Next, the schematic operation of the combined machining grinder 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 will be described.
First, the grindstone changing operation by the automatic tool changer 400 will be described. Therefore, the grindstone shaft 124a is first lowered to a position where the grindstone 116 can be attached and detached by sliding the grindstone head 125b. Next, the automatic tool changer 400, which selects a desired grindstone 116 from a tool magazine or the like and grips it at one end, slides the sliding arm 401, and the other end of the rotating arm 404 becomes unnecessary. 116 is moved to a position where it can be gripped, and the old grindstone 116 is gripped by the gripper 405. Next, when the grindstone shaft 124a is lifted by sliding the grindstone head 125b while the gripper 405 grips the old grindstone 116, the old grindstone 116 is detached from the grindstone shaft 124a. Next, the rotary arm 404 is rotated 180 degrees to position the new grindstone 116 at a position where it can be attached. In this state, when the grindstone shaft 124a is lowered by sliding the grindstone head 125b, the new grindstone 116 is mounted on the grindstone shaft 124a. Then, the automatic tool changer 400 releases the gripper 405, and further slides the sliding arm 401 to retract the rotating arm 404. Finally, the grindstone shaft 124a is raised to the machining position by sliding the grindstone head 125b.

  Next, the grinding operation will be described. The grindstone 116 is rotated at a high speed by being driven by the spindle motor. At the same time, the grindstone 116 approaches / separates the workpiece W by sliding the column 170 in the Y-axis direction by the column drive motor 153. In parallel, the position of the grinding wheel 116 in the Z direction relative to the workpiece W can be changed by sliding the grinding wheel head 125b in the Z-axis direction by the grinding wheel head drive motor 152. From the above, desired processing can be performed on the workpiece W by the rotation of the grindstone 116 and the movement in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. In addition, the workpiece | work W is rotated as needed according to a processing form.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 4 thru | or FIG. 6, the processing form in each case of circumferential grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding is demonstrated in detail. First, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a case of circumferential grinding. As shown in FIG. 5A, in the case of circumferential grinding, the grindstone shaft 124a is set at a turning position of 0 degrees with respect to the grindstone head 125b. That is, in this case, it is not necessary to turn the grindstone shaft 124a after attaching the grindstone 116 necessary for desired circumferential grinding to the grindstone shaft 124a. FIGS. 7B and 7C are diagrams showing the orientation relationship between the grindstone 116 and the workpiece W in the ground state. FIG. 9B is a diagram seen from the front, and FIG. It is the figure seen from the axial direction.

  Next, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a case of thread grinding. As shown in FIG. 5A, in the case of thread grinding, the grindstone shaft 124a is fixed at a turning position of α degrees (for example, 2 degrees) with respect to the grindstone head 125b. That is, in this case, after the grindstone 116 necessary for desired thread grinding is attached to the grindstone shaft 124a, the grindstone shaft 124a is turned by α degrees with respect to the grindstone head 125b. FIGS. 7B and 7C are diagrams showing the orientation relationship between the grindstone 116 and the workpiece W in the ground state. FIG. 9B is a diagram seen from the front, and FIG. It is the figure seen from the axial direction.

  Next, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a case of gear grinding. As shown in FIG. 6A, in the case of gear grinding, the grindstone shaft 124a is fixed at a turning position of 90 degrees with respect to the grindstone head 125b. That is, in this case, after the grindstone 116 necessary for desired thread grinding is attached to the grindstone shaft 124a, the grindstone shaft 124a is turned 90 degrees with respect to the grindstone head 125b. FIGS. 7B and 7C are diagrams showing the orientation relationship between the grindstone 116 and the workpiece W in the ground state. FIG. 9B is a diagram seen from the front, and FIG. It is the figure seen from the axial direction.

  4 to 6, the grindstone 116 is schematically shown as the same for convenience. However, the tool is naturally different depending on the type of grinding, and for example, even in the same circumferential grinding, a plurality of different grindings may be required. In that case, a plurality of grinding wheels for circumferential grinding are used. It is necessary to exchange.

  7 and 8 are diagrams for explaining a specific example in the case of performing grinding according to an embodiment of the combined machining grinder of the present invention. Therefore, as a specific example, a case where the workpiece W before processing shown in FIG. 8A is processed into the state of FIG. The final workpiece W shown in FIG. 8D is all subjected to circumferential grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a procedure in the case of grinding of a specific example. Therefore, in the combined machining grinder 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, first, the grindstone shaft 124a is turned and set to 0 degree (step S1). Next, the desired circumferential grinding wheel 116 is attached to the grinding wheel shaft 124a by the automatic tool changer 400 (step S2). At this time, the processed grindstone is not attached to the grindstone shaft 124a. Then, a desired circumferential grinding process is performed on the workpiece W by the circumferential grinding wheel 116 (step S3). At this time, for example, the circumferential grinding shown in FIG. 8B is performed by moving the grindstone 116 in the Y-axis and Z-axis directions. If necessary, the process returns to step S2, is replaced with another necessary circumferential grinding wheel 116, and step S3 is repeated.

  When the circumferential grinding in step S3 is completed, the grindstone 116 is withdrawn from the machining position and is replaced with a desired thread grinding grindstone 116 by the automatic tool changer 400 (step S4). Next, the grindstone shaft 124a is turned and the turning angle is set to 2 degrees (step S5). Then, a desired thread grinding process is performed on the workpiece W by the thread grinding wheel 116 (step S6). At this time, by rotating the grindstone 116 and moving it in the Y-axis and Z-axis directions, for example, the thread grinding process shown in FIG. 8C is performed. If necessary, the grindstone shaft 124a is returned to 0 degrees, the process returns to step S4, is replaced with another necessary thread grinding grindstone 116, and steps S5 and S6 are repeated.

  When the thread grinding in step S6 is completed, the grindstone 116 is withdrawn from the processing position, the grindstone shaft 124a is turned back to 0 degrees (step S7), and the automatic tool changer 400 replaces the grindstone 116 with a desired gear grinding. (Step S8). Next, the grindstone shaft 124a is turned and the turning angle is set to 90 degrees (step S9). Then, a desired gear grinding process is performed on the workpiece W by the gear grinding wheel 116 (step S10). At this time, for example, gear grinding shown in FIG. 8D is performed by moving the grindstone 116 in the Y-axis and Z-axis directions. If necessary, the process returns to step S7, the grindstone shaft 124a is returned to 0 degrees, is replaced with another necessary gear grinding grindstone 116, and steps S9 and S10 are repeated.

  With the above procedure, all of circumferential grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding can be performed on one workpiece W. In the above-described specific example, the processing is performed in the order of circumferential grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding. However, the processing is not limited to this, and the processing order is optimum according to the processing mode. Things are decided.

  Note that the control as in the specific example of FIG. 7 is performed by a control device (in particular, an NC control device) in which a program is previously incorporated.

  As described above, according to the above-described embodiment, even when a plurality of grinding processes such as circumferential grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding need to be performed on one workpiece W, one grinding machine It can respond. In particular, if the automatic tool changer 400 is employed, it can be performed fully automatically.

  The grindstone automatic exchange method of the present invention and the grindstone unit employed in the method can be used when a plurality of grinding operations such as circumferential grinding, screw grinding, and gear grinding are performed on one workpiece.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Compound processing grinder 110 Bed etc. 114 Table 116 Grinding wheel 124a Grinding wheel axis | shaft 125b Grinding wheel head 130 Processing base part 152 Grinding wheel head drive motor 153 Column drive motor 172a Tailstock 172b Tailstock support 173a Upper center 173b Lower center 400 Automatic tool Exchanger 450 Base unit 404 Sliding arm W Workpiece

Claims (3)

A grindstone shaft on which a grindstone for processing a workpiece is attached and detached coaxially;
Grinding wheel rotation driving means for rotating the grinding wheel;
A first mechanism for moving the grinding wheel shaft in a direction perpendicular to the shaft to approach and separate the workpiece;
A second mechanism for moving the grinding wheel shaft in the axial direction;
A third mechanism for rotating the grindstone shaft by at least 90 degrees with respect to an axis in the movement direction by the first mechanism;
Along with the rotation of the grindstone by the grindstone rotation driving means, drive control of the grindstone shaft by the first mechanism, the second mechanism, and the third mechanism is performed, and circumferential grinding and screwing are performed on the workpiece. Control means for performing all of grinding and gear grinding;
A combined machining grinder characterized by comprising:   The combined machining grinder according to claim 1, further comprising an automatic tool changer for automatically attaching / detaching a desired grindstone to / from the grindstone shaft. A grindstone shaft on which a grindstone for processing a workpiece is attached and detached coaxially;
Grinding wheel rotation driving means for rotating the grinding wheel;
A first mechanism for moving the grinding wheel shaft in a direction perpendicular to the shaft to approach and separate the workpiece;
A second mechanism for moving the grinding wheel shaft in the axial direction;
A third mechanism for rotating the grindstone shaft by at least 90 degrees with respect to an axis in the movement direction by the first mechanism;
Control means for performing drive control of the grindstone shaft by the first mechanism, the second mechanism, and the third mechanism as the grindstone rotates by the grindstone rotation driving means;
A processing method in a composite processing grinder equipped with
a) A desired grindstone is attached to the grindstone shaft by an automatic tool changer,
b) performing any one of the circumferential grinding, the thread grinding, and the gear grinding;
c) A machining method characterized by performing all of the circumferential grinding, the thread grinding, and the gear grinding on one workpiece by repeating the steps a) and b).

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