JP2014079201A - Attachment and orchard bottom processing method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an attachment which can carry out a freezing damage countermeasure for an orchard by using a small-sized hydraulic shovel and an orchard bottom processing method using the same.SOLUTION: An attachment 20 comprises: a connection part 21 which is capable of being mounted to a hydraulic breaker body 10 arranged at a tip part of an operation arm 7 of a hydraulic shovel 1 in which the operation arm 7 is disposed on a traveling vehicle body 2; a pair of insertion members 30 which are arranged at both sides of the connection part 21, extend in a direction of separation from the tip part of the operation arm 7, and are inserted into soil around bottom of a chestnut tree T1; and a tabular member 40 which is arranged at each of the tip parts of the insertion members 30, extends in a direction crossing the insertion direction of the insertion member 30, and cuts roots of the chestnut tree T1. The attachment 20 is moved to a surface in front of the chestnut tree T1 by the operation arm 7 to be deeply inserted into a ground, cuts roots in the ground by using the tabular member 40, and crushes soil between the adjacent insertion members 30.

Description

  The present invention relates to an attachment that is mounted on a hydraulic excavator and cuts the underground root of a fruit tree and crushes soil around the root, and a fruit tree root processing method using the attachment.

  Among fruit trees, chestnut trees are prone to frost damage centering on young trees, and there are cases in which 10 to 30% of newly planted trees and 70 to 80% die out in remarkable gardens depending on weather and soil conditions. Until now, the cultivation area of chestnuts has been on a decreasing trend and the area of new replanting has been small, so frost damage has not been realized. However, new varieties that are easy to peel off have been developed, and new vegetation has been rapidly developed not only in existing production areas but also in new areas as a countermeasure against idle farmland in hilly and mountainous areas. The frost damage of chestnut trees newly planted in Japan occurred frequently.

  When a fruit tree dies out due to frost damage, not only the costs and years required for the cultivation up to that point are wasted, but also the producer's willingness to produce declines.

  Therefore, the investigation of the cause of frost damage of chestnut trees and the development of technology to reduce frost damage were conducted. According to this frost damage factor survey, there are reports that the cause of frost damage in chestnuts is temperature change and precipitation, and that frost damage countermeasure technology is desirable mainly to keep the moisture in the trees in winter low.

  On the other hand, as a specific means of countermeasures against frost damage, we use a bucket of a hydraulic excavator to dig up the chestnut tree stock a little, cut the roots, and crush the soil of the stock, A technology called “strain loosening” that suppresses moisture has been developed. In addition, there is a report that a method of inserting a fork-shaped bucket tip into the stock instead of a normal bucket is desirable in order to reduce the degree of root cutting. Further, Patent Document 1 has developed a digging attachment for cutting a straight root leaving a fine root of a citrus tree. This digging attachment has a root cutting blade for cutting the root on the tip side between a plurality of vertical blades, and is configured in a bucket shape.

Japanese Patent No. 3598376

  The specific means of these conventional frost damage countermeasure technologies all require that the operating arm of the hydraulic excavator be raised from the front side of the tree and extend beyond the top of the tree, and the bucket should be inserted into the soil from the opposite side of the tree. is there. This method can be implemented with a 1-2 ton class small hydraulic excavator when the tree height is low for 1 to 2 years after planting, but when the tree height after 3 years is high, With a 2 ton class small excavator, the operating arm cannot be extended to the opposite side of the tree.

  Therefore, if a 4 ton class hydraulic excavator is used, the operating arm can be extended to the opposite side of the tree, but it becomes heavy equipment, and the parks that can be introduced are limited, and movement between the parks becomes difficult. In addition, fruit trees such as citrus have the same problems as chestnut trees.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an attachment capable of implementing countermeasures against frost damage of fruit trees using a small hydraulic excavator, and a fruit tree root processing method using the attachment. And

  In order to solve such a problem, the present invention is attached to the tip of an operation arm of a hydraulic excavator provided with an operation arm on a traveling vehicle body, and the root of the fruit tree (the chestnut tree T in the embodiment) and the periphery of the base The attachment includes a connecting portion that can be attached to the distal end portion of the operation arm and a fruit tree that is provided on both sides of the connecting portion and extends in a direction away from the distal end portion of the operating arm. A plurality of insertion members to be inserted into the soil around the root of the base, and a plate-like member that is provided at the tip of the insertion member and extends in a direction intersecting the insertion direction of the insertion member to cut the root of the fruit tree. Then, move the attachment to the surface of the front side of the fruit tree through the operation arm and insert it deep into the ground, cut the root in the ground with a plate-like member, and crush the soil between adjacent insertion members It characterized the door (claim 1).

  The attachment according to the present invention is attached in place of a chisel attached to a hydraulic breaker body provided at a distal end portion of an operation arm (Claim 2).

  Moreover, the plate-shaped member of the present invention has a width larger than the width of the insertion member (claim 3).

  Further, the plate-like member of the present invention is provided on the insertion member so that the lower surface of the plate-like member faces downward when the insertion member is inserted into the soil (claim 4).

  Further, the present invention is a fruit tree root treatment method for treating the root of the fruit tree and the soil around the root, and is arranged at a predetermined interval from the front of the fruit tree via an operation arm provided on the moving vehicle body. Insert the attachment provided with a plate-like member at the tip of a plurality of insertion members deeply into the ground obliquely downward toward the lower side of the fruit tree and cut the roots in the ground with the plate-like member, and also insert the plurality of insertion members The soil at the base between the adjacent insertion members is crushed by, and the attachment is extracted from the soil (Claim 5).

  Further, the attachment of the present invention is characterized in that after cutting the root on one side of the fruit tree and crushing the soil, cutting the root on at least the other side of the fruit tree and crushing the soil (claims) 6).

  According to the attachment according to the present invention and the fruit tree root processing method using the attachment, the attachment having the above-mentioned characteristics and capable of implementing countermeasures against frost damage of the fruit tree using a small hydraulic excavator, and the fruit tree using the attachment A root processing method can be provided.

The external view which showed a mode that the root of a fruit tree was processed with the small hydraulic excavator equipped with the attachment concerning one Embodiment of this invention is shown. The hydraulic breaker main body to which the attachment is attached is shown, in which (a) is a side perspective view of the hydraulic breaker main body, and (b) is a partial plan view of the hydraulic breaker main body. The perspective view of an attachment is shown. An attachment is shown, the figure (a) is a top view of an attachment, and the figure (b) is a side side perspective view of an attachment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the insertion direction with respect to the soil of an attachment, The figure (a) is explanatory drawing in case the insertion method is 60 degrees, The figure (b) is the description in case the insertion method is 30 degrees. FIG. Explanatory drawing for demonstrating the action | operation of the attachment inserted in soil is shown. It is explanatory drawing of the crushing area | region of the soil crushed by an attachment, The same figure (a) is a front side explanatory drawing in case two crushing areas are formed, The same figure (b) is two crushing areas integrated. (C) is a side explanatory view of the integrated crushing region of FIG. (B). Explanatory drawing in the case of performing the fruit tree root processing method with a hydraulic excavator in the field of a chestnut tree is shown.

  Hereinafter, the attachment concerning this invention and the fruit tree root processing method using the same are demonstrated, referring FIGS. 1-8. In the present embodiment, a case where the root of a chestnut tree among fruit trees is processed will be described as an example. First, an outline of a hydraulic excavator to which the attachment is attached will be given.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the hydraulic excavator 1 is a small one of 1 to 2 tons class, and a swivel base 5 is provided on a traveling vehicle body 2 that can travel with crawler belts 3 on both sides. An operation arm 7 is provided on the swivel base 5 so as to be raised and lowered. A hydraulic breaker body 10 is attached to the tip of the operation arm 7 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction. An attachment 20 for processing the base of a chestnut tree T, which will be described later, is mounted on the hydraulic breaker body 10.

  The operation arm 7 is configured such that the distal end side thereof can bend and stretch in the vertical direction with respect to the proximal end side. The swivel base 5 is provided with a control seat 6 on which an operator M can ride. The control seat 6 drives the crawler belt 3, the swivel motion of the swivel base 5, the undulation motion of the operation arm 7, the bending and extension of the operation arm 7, A plurality of operation levers 6a capable of operating the rotation of the hydraulic breaker body 10 and the like are provided.

  The hydraulic breaker body 10 is formed in a box shape as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), and a piston (not shown) is provided inside the hydraulic breaker body 10 so as to be able to reciprocate. On the distal end side, a mounting portion 11 to which the connecting shaft portion 22 of the attachment 20 can be mounted is provided. A mounting hole portion 11 a for mounting the connecting shaft portion 22 of the attachment 20 so as to be insertable / removable is formed inside the mounting portion 11. Normally, a chisel 13 (see FIG. 2B) for crushing an object to be crushed is mounted on the mounting portion 11, but an attachment 20 is mounted instead of the chisel 13 in this embodiment.

  The hydraulic breaker body 10 is configured to apply vibration to the chisel 13 when the piston reciprocates. For this reason, when the attachment 20 is attached to the hydraulic breaker body 10 instead of the chisel 13, the attachment 20 can be vibrated by moving the piston. The mounting portion 11 is provided with an insertion hole portion 11 b into which a removal prevention pin 14 can be inserted for preventing the connecting shaft portion 22 of the attachment 20 from being pulled out of the mounting portion 11.

  Next, the attachment 20 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 (b), 3, 4 (a), and 4 (b). The attachment 20 is made of a metal material (for example, iron), and as shown in FIG. 3, a connecting portion 21 provided on one side, and a pair of insertion members extending substantially in parallel from both sides of the connecting portion 21 to the other side. 30 and a plate-like member 40 provided at each distal end portion of the insertion member 30 and extending in a direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the insertion member 30.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, the connecting portion 21 is connected to the connecting shaft portion 22 and the other end of the connecting shaft portion 22 and extends in a direction substantially orthogonal to the connecting shaft portion 22. 24. The connecting shaft portion 22 is formed in a columnar shape, and a locking recess 22 a extending along the connecting shaft portion 22 is formed on one side of the connecting shaft portion 22. As shown in FIG. 2B, the locking recess 22a engages with the removal preventing pin 14 and restricts the connecting shaft portion 22 from being removed from the mounting hole portion 11a. The axial length L (see FIG. 4A) of the connecting shaft portion 22 of the locking recess 22a is larger than the diameter of the removal preventing pin 14. For this reason, the attachment 20 is movable relative to the mounting portion 11 with the connecting shaft portion 22 inserted into the mounting hole portion 11a and the removal prevention pin 14 inserted into the insertion hole portion 11b. Connected to

  One end of the insertion member 30 is fixed to the end in the longitudinal direction of the support member 24, and the other end extends substantially parallel to the direction in which the connecting shaft portion 22 extends. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the length X of the insertion member 30 is 30 ° with respect to the ground from a position 30 cm to 50 cm away from the trunk Ta of the chestnut tree T. A length that allows the tip of the insertion member 30 to reach a position substantially directly below the trunk Ta when inserted into the soil toward the root of the chestnut tree T with an inclination angle of ˜60 °. have. In this embodiment, the length X of the insertion member 30 is 60 cm. For this reason, although mentioned later for details, if a pair of insertion member 30 is inserted in soil from the both sides or four sides of the stock of chestnut tree T, the soil of the circumference | surroundings of the stock or the whole soil can be crushed.

  As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the plate-like member 40 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape in plan view, and the tip portion thereof has one end side from the other end side in the width direction of the plate-like member 40. A blade portion 40a extending over the entire length is formed. The plate-like member 40 has a width larger than the width of the insertion member 30, and is provided integrally with the insertion member 30 so as to protrude from both sides of the insertion member 30 with the same length outward. The plate-like member 40 is provided in a direction intersecting with the extending direction of the insertion member 30, that is, with an angle θ = about 30 ° with respect to the insertion member 30.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the plate-like member 40 is inserted into the soil toward the base of the chestnut tree in a state where the insertion member 30 is inclined at an inclination angle of 30 ° to 60 ° with respect to the ground. Then, the plate-like member 40 is disposed so as to face obliquely downward. For this reason, when the insertion member 30 is inserted into the soil, an upward reaction force R perpendicular to the lower surface 40 b of the plate member 40 acts on the plate member 40. For this reason, the pair of insertion members 30 move closer to the chestnut tree side while being inserted into the soil, and crush the soil.

  The crushing of the soil depends on the distance A between the pair of insertion members 30 (see FIG. 4A). That is, when this distance A is large, as shown in FIG. 7A, two soil crushing regions H are generated by each insertion member 30, and when the distance A is small, as shown in FIG. The cracks of the soil by the respective insertion members 30 are connected to form an integrated crushing region H. As shown in FIG. 7 (c), this integrated crushing region H extends from the vicinity of the position where the insertion member 30 is inserted into the ground to the vicinity of the position almost directly below the chestnut tree T. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7B, the distance A between the pair of insertion members 30 is set so that an integrated crushing region H is formed between the pair of insertion members 30. In this embodiment, A = 25 cm is set.

  Next, a fruit tree root processing method for processing the stock of chestnut tree T using the attachment 20 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 8. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the chestnut tree T is planted with a spacing of about 5 m in a lattice pattern in plan view with respect to another adjacent chestnut tree T. Will be described.

  First, the excavator 1 is moved between the four chestnut trees T1 to T4 planted in a lattice pattern, the swivel 5 of the excavator 1 is turned, and the operation arm 7 is moved to the four chestnut trees T. Try to face one of the chestnut trees T1. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the operating lever 6a is used to operate the raising and lowering of the operating arm 7, bending and stretching, and the rotation of the attachment 20 to move the pair of insertion members 30 to the front side of the chestnut tree T1, Tilt to 30 ° -60 ° with respect to the ground. Then, the operation lever 6a is operated so that the operation arm 7 extends, and the pair of insertion members 30 of the attachment 20 are inserted into the soil.

  Here, since the attachment 20 is mounted on the hydraulic breaker main body 10, when the piston of the hydraulic breaker main body 10 is operated (reciprocating), vibration is generated, and this vibration is transmitted to the pair of insertion members 30. Can do. Therefore, when inserting the pair of insertion members 30 into the soil, the pair of insertion members 30 can be easily inserted into the soil even when the field is hard.

  When the pair of insertion members 30 are inserted into the soil, an upward reaction force acts on the lower surface of the plate-like member 40, and the pair of insertion members 30 approaches the chestnut tree T1 side while being inserted into the soil. Moving.

  At the same time, the root portion of the chestnut tree T1 is broken by the blade portion 40a of the plate-like member 40 (see FIG. 4A), and the soil between the pair of insertion members 30 is crushed by the pair of insertion members 30. In addition, since a pair of insertion member 30 vibrates by the action | operation of the piston of the hydraulic breaker main body 10 as mentioned above, it can crush soil more easily.

  Then, when substantially the entire pair of insertion members 30 is inserted into the soil, the extension operation of the operation arm 7 is stopped so that the insertion operation of the insertion member 30 is stopped. And a pair of insertion member 30 is extracted from the inside of soil, and the 1st root process with respect to this chestnut tree T1 is complete | finished.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the turntable 5 is turned about 90 ° in either of the left and right directions (clockwise in the drawing), and another chestnut tree T2 adjacent to the chestnut tree T1 subjected to the root processing. The operation arm 7 is made to face. Then, similarly to the above-described root processing of the chestnut tree T1, the operation arm 7 and the attachment 20 are operated by operating the operation lever 6a to perform root processing from the front side of the other chestnut tree T2.

  Next, another chestnut tree T3 adjacent to the chestnut tree T2 that has been subjected to root processing by turning the pivot base 5 by about 90 ° in the same direction (clockwise in the drawing) as the turning direction of the above-described swivel base 5. The operation arm 7 is made to face. Similarly to the above-described root processing of the tree, the operation arm 7 and the attachment 20 are operated by operating the operation lever 6a (see FIG. 1), and the root processing is performed from the front side of the other chestnut tree T3.

  Further, another chestnut tree adjacent to the chestnut tree T3 that has been subjected to root processing by turning the turntable 5 about 90 ° in the same direction (clockwise in the drawing) as the turning direction of the above-described swivel base 5. The operation arm 7 is opposed to T4. Similarly to the above-described root processing of the tree, the operation arm 7 and the attachment 20 are operated by operating the operation lever 6a to perform the root processing from the front side of the other chestnut tree T4.

  Thus, when the root processing of the four trees T1 to T4 around the hydraulic excavator 1 is completed, the central portion of the field surrounded by the four chestnut trees T1, T4, T5, and T6 adjacent to the hydraulic excavator 1 Move to. Then, the root processing of these four chestnut trees T1, T4, T5, and T6 is performed in the same manner as the root processing method of the four trees T1 to T4 described above. Then, the chestnut tree root process is performed by sequentially moving the excavator 1 to the field surrounded by four unprocessed chestnut trees so that the root process of the chestnut tree T of the entire field is performed.

  In this way, when the root processing of these four chestnut trees T is performed at all locations in the field surrounded by the four chestnut trees T, one tree is removed except for the chestnut trees T at the four corners of the field. The root processing can be performed on the chestnut tree T from at least two directions, and a more reliable countermeasure against frost damage can be performed.

  Further, when the fruit tree root processing of the chestnut tree T is performed, the insertion member 30 of the attachment 20 is inserted into the ground from the near side of the chestnut tree T, so that the operation arm of the excavator 1 exceeds the upper part of the tree T. No action is required. For this reason, fruit tree root processing can be performed with the small excavator 1 of 1-2 ton class regardless of tree height.

  In the above-described embodiment, the vibration of the hydraulic breaker main body 10 is activated and the vibration is generated. However, when the field is relatively soft, the piston is deactivated so that the vibration is not generated. Alternatively, the attachment 20 may be directly attached to the distal end of the operation arm from which the hydraulic breaker body 10 is removed from the distal end of the operation arm 7. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the attachment 20 has two insertion members 30, but the insertion member 30 may have three or more.

  Moreover, in the Example mentioned above, although the chestnut tree was described as an example as a fruit tree, citrus fruits, such as a mandarin orange, may be sufficient.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hydraulic excavator 2 Traveling vehicle body 7 Operation arm 10 Hydraulic breaker main body 13 Chisel 20 Attachment 21 Connecting part 30 Insertion member 40 Plate-like member 40b Lower surface T Tree of a chestnut (fruit tree)

Claims (6)

An attachment that is attached to the tip of the operation arm of a hydraulic excavator provided with an operation arm on a traveling vehicle body, and that treats the root of the fruit tree and the soil around the root,
The attachment is
A connecting portion attachable to a distal end portion of the operation arm;
A plurality of insertion members provided on both sides of the connecting portion and extending in the direction away from the tip of the operation arm and inserted into the soil around the root of the fruit tree;
A plate-like member provided at the distal end of the insertion member and extending in a direction intersecting the insertion direction of the insertion member to cut the root of the fruit tree;
The attachment is moved to the surface of the front side of the fruit tree through the operation arm and inserted deeply into the ground, the root is cut by the plate-like member, and the soil between the adjacent insertion members is crushed. Attachment characterized by. The attachment according to claim 1, wherein the attachment is attached in place of a chisel attached to a hydraulic breaker body provided at a distal end portion of the operation arm. The attachment according to claim 1, wherein the plate-like member has a width larger than a width of the insertion member. The said plate-shaped member is provided in the said insertion member so that the lower surface of this plate-shaped member may face below at the time of insertion to the soil of the said insertion member. Attachment. A fruit tree root treatment method for treating the root of a fruit tree and the soil around the root,
An attachment in which a plate-like member is provided at the front end of a plurality of insertion members arranged at a predetermined interval from the front of the fruit tree via an operation arm provided on the moving vehicle body is directly below the fruit tree. It is inserted deeply into the ground obliquely downward and cuts the root in the ground by the plate-like member, and the plurality of insertion members crush the soil at the base between the adjacent insertion members, and remove the attachment from the soil. A fruit tree root processing method characterized by that. The said attachment performs the cutting | disconnection of the root of the at least other side of the said fruit tree, and the crushing process of a soil, after performing the cutting | disconnection of the root of the one side of the said fruit tree, and the crushing process of the soil. Fruit tree root processing method.

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