JP2007061082A - Subsoil furrow-opening and soil layer-improving machine having plow body for subsoil and plow body for plowed soil - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for improving drainability, capable of solving such problems that parts which are expanded and softened are limited and parts which are not dug up are increased, when a number of plow bodies is decreased, for the purpose of restricting an amount of subsoil to be discharged on a surface of the ground, in a subsoil furrow-opening and soil layer-improving machine which improves the drainability by boring soil of a subsoil layer of a cultivated field, discharging the soil on a surface of the ground, and opening a furrow, and consequently a place of which the drainability is not improved occurs, even when the furrow is opened. <P>SOLUTION: In this method, a plowed soil part which has not been dug up in the past is dug up by combining the plow body for subsoil and the plow body for plowed soil in the machine, and then a plowed soil layer comprising a partially thickened layer is formed by dropping the plowed soil on the furrow-opening part and burying it therein, so that conditions of enlarging a rhizosphere and improving land productivity are established and an effect of promoting drainage of excessive water is enhanced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a rough tillage working machine that raises stumps and weeds from below and plows them while loosening them in the field after harvesting.

Rough plowing is also called roughing, and is the first stage of plowing on the soil required for crop cultivation. In general, it is often plowed in the winter after harvesting the autumn crop, which is said to be caused by autumn.

The purpose of rough tillage is to knead the soil into large chunks of soil and to loosen and dry the entire field. Rough tillage can increase the gap between soil blocks, improving drainage, and increasing the nutrients at the next harvest by accelerating the decomposition of organic matter by introducing large amounts of microorganisms into the soil. Can do. Furthermore, weed seeds can be reduced by plowing before weeds bear fruit. It also serves to invert the deep part of the soil and dry it to better conditions for the microorganisms.

Rough tillage is not possible with the rotary tillage as shown in FIG. This is because the method using rotary tillage makes the soil too fine, and the gap between the soil blocks, which is the original purpose of rough tillage, cannot be increased to improve the permeability and drainage. In addition, there is a case where a hard layer (hardboard layer) is formed in the ground due to compaction by striking the lower layer generated by the rotation of rotary claws or treading pressure of the tractor due to rotary tillage every year, which impairs water permeability.

Originally, a rotary work machine is used to make a floor before sowing. Therefore, in rotary tillage, the increase of the gas phase in the soil is not sufficient, and even if fertilizers such as green manure are mixed, it is inferior to the rough tillage work machine in terms of promoting humus.

Moreover, since the method using rotary tillage only cultivates the soil shallowly, the hard board layer formed in the soil cannot be crushed.

The hard board layer is a hard layer that is pressed by a heavy tractor many times and is made by compaction by striking the lower layer caused by the rotation of the rotary claw and does not allow water in the soil to permeate. . Normally, the place where the tread is pressed is crushed by rotary tillage work, but the portion where the rotary blade 70 does not reach as shown in FIG. 13 becomes harder year after year by work. The hard layer not only impedes water permeability but also stops the growth of crop roots, which can cause crops to fall easily.

As a conventional rough tilling work machine, the work machine described in Patent Document 1 has been put into practical use. As shown in Fig. 12, the body is inserted deeper than 30cm into the ground, and the maximum traction force of the towing vehicle such as a tractor is used to loosen the soil as deep as possible to improve drainage. At the same time, the hard board layer is crushed. Although this method is sufficiently practical, the present invention further improves water permeability and attempts to grow microorganisms.

In the rotary working machine as shown in FIG. 13, the rough tilling work machine of Patent Document 1 and FIG. 6 is 30 cm or more, compared with the paddy field that only plows about 8 cm and the field is about 10-15 cm deep. By cultivating the depth at intervals, the hard board layer is crushed and water permeability is improved.

  The rough tillage work machine as shown in Fig. 12 is also called a subsoil ditch layer improvement machine. A soil repellent plate is attached to the front of the beam, and the soil excavated by the chiseled chisel is used as the soil repellent plate. It is structured so that it can be lifted along and discharged to the ground surface.

By this method, a groove is temporarily made at a depth of 30 cm or more in the soil, and the upper soil is dropped into the groove, and the soil is switched up and down. Since it is in a soft state, there is a feature that water permeability can be maintained for a long time.
Grooves made by the subsoil trench improvement machine collect water from the left and right through the side walls of the subsoil gap so as to collect water in the well. Cracks occur on the side wall, which further increases the earth pressure and fills the gap in the groove. As a result, both the soil formation layer and the subsoil layer promote drainage, and the soil fills the subsoil gap and the root zone is expanded.

The soil for making the crop at the top of the field section as shown in FIG. The soil below the soil layer is called mental soil. The hard board layer occurs at the boundary between the soil layer and the subsoil layer and is often harder than the subsoil. As a result, the water permeability is deteriorated, resulting in moisture damage, and the narrow rhizosphere is severely affected by the weather.
The rough tillage method that raises the subsoil and discharges it to the ground while crushing the hard board layer as shown in Fig. 12 is an excellent soil conditioner that crushes the hard board layer and improves water permeability for a long time. The soil is inadequately weathered and does not contain organic matter, so it is said that the nutrients are low, and if it is discharged to the surface in large quantities at once, it may affect the initial growth of the crop and may reduce the yield. Yes, it is considered dangerous.

Therefore, in the conventional subsoil grooving layer improvement machine as shown in Fig. 12, the subsoil grooving depth is adjusted or the number of slabs is limited, and the total tillage interval width is 6-8%. I try not to dissipate the earth to the surface with the amount as a guide.

Japanese Patent Application No.8-162435

  Limiting the number of rods causes a large pile up on the ground surface as shown in FIG. 8 to improve water retention, but delays in water permeability and water retention in the center.

  The water adjustment power required for the field is water permeability that allows water to escape to the underground as soon as a large amount of rain falls, and water retention that absorbs underground water by capillary action during drought. Both are hindered by the presence of a hard layer.

In rough plowing as shown in Fig. 8, the part where the rod has passed is grooved and the surroundings are softened, and the water permeability and water retention are maintained, but the other parts are water permeability. Both are late.
In the configuration of FIG. 8, it takes time to weather the portion where the subsurface soil, which is said to have less nutrients on the surface, is discharged and raised.

  If a chassis that discharges the subsoil is added to the central part of the work machine in Fig. 8, both water permeability and water retention can be improved, but there is a concern that a large amount of subsoil with low nutrient content will be released as mentioned above. If this is the case, the number of chassis must be reduced.

  In addition, it is also practiced to dig deeply one step at a time by arranging a plurality of subsoils in a straight line in the direction of travel, but if deep grooving, more subsoil will be released on the ground surface In addition, if a lot of mental soil enters, it will cause unevenness in the cultivation of crops, so be careful.

The present invention further improves the permeability and profitability by further improving a subsoil grooving layer improvement machine, which is a conventional rough tillage working machine.

  Means for solving the problem are arranged in the rear part of the subsoil enclosure, the subsoil enclosure that divides the subsoil layer, raises the subsoil, and discharges it to the surface of both sides or one side. The soil layer is crushed and provided with a soil-making body that disperses the earth soil mass discharged to the ground surface by the body soil soil body, disperses the discharged body soil mass, further promoting weathering, It is a subsoil-crevice soil improvement machine characterized by improving the water permeability to the groove part formed in the said subsoil layer by crushing.

  Further, in the subsoil trench improvement machine, the earthening skeleton is arranged at substantially the center of the subsoil mass discharged to both sides or one side of the subsoil skeleton. is there.

Further, the earthenware trench improvement machine is characterized in that the earthen case is detachably attached.

  As shown in Fig. 7, when cultivated with a rough tillage work machine composed of a combination of deep subterranean enclosure 20 and shallow earthen enclosure 30, a groove formed by deep subterranean enclosure 20 forms a well. Water is collected from the left and right through the side wall of the subsoil gap so as to collect water.

Moreover, by spreading the subsoil piled up on the ground surface by the shallow earthen skeleton 30, it is possible to reduce the rise of the ground surface and further crush the soil layer, so the hard ground layer from the ground surface The upper part can be swelled up and the water retention is improved. As described above, the water permeability and water retention of the entire field can be improved by the action of the subsoil body 20 and the soil preparation body 30.
Further, the earthen skeleton 30 serves to put the upper earthen into the groove portion formed by the subsoil skeleton 20. Furthermore, microorganisms can be nurtured by putting air into the soil layer by the soil-making housing 30, and a rich soil can be obtained in a short period of time.

  In other words, a deep groove is formed after the subsoil housing 20 passes, and after the soil building 30 passes, the soil is softened up to the soil layer, so a large amount of water is in the softened part. Can be poured into the groove and drained immediately under the hard board layer.

As shown in Fig. 8, the conventional work machine without a soil slab was improved in water permeability and water retention around the groove, but the water permeability in other areas was delayed. The invention has made it possible to further improve the water permeability by utilizing the grooved portion.

The position of the earthen skeleton 30 is arranged at a position where the subsoil discharged by the subsoil skeleton 20 is stacked, so that the discharged subsoil is dispersed, further promoting weathering, and further It can be crushed to improve water permeability. If a farm with better drainage is desired, a soil-building frame 30 may be additionally arranged slightly closer to the center.

In addition, if there is a margin of traction force, the earthening skeleton 30 may be arranged on both sides of the subsoil skeleton 20 or between the subsoil skeletons 20.
In the present invention, the subsoil body 20 has a function of raising and discharging the subsoil, and the soil preparation unit 30 has a function of crushing the soil and a function of dispersing the subsoil mass. Is.

The present invention is a subsoil groove improvement work machine having a subsoil enclosure 20 that excavates and raises a subsoil layer and discharges it to the ground surface, and a soil preparation enclosure 30 that crushes the soil formation layer, The subsoil body 20 is arranged on the front side in the traveling direction, and the soil-making body 30 is arranged at a position where the subsoil is discharged by the subsoil body 20, and the discharged subsoil is dispersed and soiled. The purpose of this method is to improve water permeability from the ground surface to the subsoil layer by crushing the layer and making it softened.

An embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. In addition, FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6 are single views of the working machine of the present invention. At the rear of the tractor 1, there are two lower links 8 that move up and down by hydraulic pressure and one top link 9.The top link 9 is connected to the mast 10 of the work machine by pins, and the lower link 8 is connected to the frame 11. They are connected by pins and pulled by the tractor 1 to work.

  When traveling on a road or turning on a headland in a farm, the lower link 8 is raised at a high pressure by hydraulic pressure to lift the work implement and interrupt the plowing work to move.

A mast 10 and a frame 11 are fixed to the corner frame 12, and a beam plate 13 is attached to the corner frame 12 so as to be movable or removable by a corner frame bolt 15.

A beam 14 is attached to the beam plate 13, a chisel 21 is attached to the lower end portion of the beam 14, and a soil repellent plate 22 is attached to the intermediate portion. By such a combination, the subsoil body 20 is configured, and by pulling this working machine, the subsoil excavated by the chisel 21 is raised by the soil repellent plate 22 and discharged to the ground surface. .
In the case of the embodiment, a pair of subsoil case 20 is provided, and each subsoil case 20 is formed so that the subsoil mass is discharged inward.

  Further, by loosening the corner frame bolt 15, the beam plate 13 slides on the corner frame 12 and can be fixed at an arbitrary position. With this configuration, the position of the subsoil housing 20 can be made wider than the width of the tractor or narrowed toward the center.

  A beam 14 is attached to the beam plate 13 via a main bolt 24 and a safety bolt 23. When a large force is generated that breaks the beam 14 against a rock or the like, the safety bolt 23 is cut and the beam 14 is rotated around the main bolt 24 to release the force.

  A wing 25 is attached to the lower end portion of the beam 14 so as to protrude in the left-right direction, and the subsoil layer b is expanded more widely.

  A square plate 35 protrudes inside the beam plate 13, and the front end of the bracket 31 is inserted into the square plate 35 so that it can slide. A fixing bolt 36 is provided at the insertion portion at the front end of the bracket 31 and is fixed by being tightened at an arbitrary position.

A spring 34 is attached to the rear end of the bracket 31 with a bolt 33, and a point 32 is attached to the lower end of the spring 34 to crush the soil layer a as shown in FIG. The body 30 is formed.
In the case of the present embodiment, the earthen skeleton 30 is attached to the inside of the pair of subsoil skeletons 20, respectively. In addition, when three or more earthen skeletons 30 are attached or configured to discharge the subsoil mass on both sides, a pair of earthen basins 30 on both sides of each subsoil skeleton 20 May be attached.

The earthing frame 30 uses a spring 34 to release the force for cost reduction, but may be fixed to the bracket 31 by a breakage prevention mounting method using a safety bolt like the beam 14.

The case where rough tillage work is performed with the working machine configured as described above will be described. As shown in FIGS. 2, 7, and 8, the cross section of the field is divided into a soil layer a for growing crops and a subsoil layer b under the soil layer. The boundary between the soil layer a and the subsoil layer b is the hard layer k.

Hard board layer k is solidified by the tractor's treading pressure every year, and is not crushed because it does not reach the claw even by rotary tillage as shown in Fig. 13.Further, it is made by compaction by striking the lower layer generated by rotation of the rotary claw, It is a layer that deteriorates sex and is often a continuous crop disorder.

As shown in FIG. 2, the subsoil enclosure 20 is grooved from the subsoil layer b below the hard layer k, and the subsoil is discharged to the ground surface while forming a subsoil grooving portion. The soil building frame 30 reaches from the ground surface to the bottom surface of the soil layer a, and softens the soil layer a.

As shown in FIG. 8, when the rough soil is cultivated only with the subsoil skeleton 20, the soil lifted from the subsoil layer b by the subsoil skeleton 20 is dissipated into two mountains, x and y. Water easily accumulates in the valley z and the place is difficult to permeate.

As shown in Fig. 7, when working on the subsoil enclosure 20 and the earthenment enclosure 30, both the x and y subsoil piles are divided into four peaks x ', x ", y', y". As the climax rises, the earthen skeleton 30 passes through the valley z ”, and the earthen layer a is softened, so water is made by the subsoil 30 through the softened part. It is discharged to the subsoil trench.

Further, the rain that has fallen in the valley z 'is swelled and softened to the vicinity by the left and right soil-making bodies 30, so that it can be effectively discharged from the conventional working machine as shown in FIG. If the tractor 1 has sufficient traction force, it is more effective if the square plate 35 is lengthened and integrated, and the earthwork housing 30 is attached to the center so that the valley z 'is also softened. Can drain.

9 in FIG. 9 is the first embodiment of the present application, and the earth release direction of the soil repellent plates 22a and 22b is directed to the inside of the work machine, and the earthing frame 30 is the earth soil basket. It is attached inside the body 20.
Compared with 1 of FIG. 9, 2 of FIG. 9 has soil repellent plates 22a and 22b attached to the left and right sides, and the release direction of the subsoil is directed to the outside of the work machine, 30 is attached to the outside of the subsoil housing 20.
9 in FIG. 9, the earth repellent plate 22b of the subsoil case 20 is twisted to the left side when viewed from the tractor 1, and the release direction of the subsoil of each subsoil case 20 is the left side when viewed from the tractor 1. The earthen skeleton 30 is attached only to the left side of each subsoil skeleton 20. In order to keep the traction resistance on the left and right sides of the working machine equal, it is possible to attach the earthing frame 30 at the position N.
9 in FIG. 9 is opposite to 3 in FIG. 9, and the soil repellent plate 22a of the subsoil enclosure 20 is twisted to the right when viewed from the tractor, and the release direction of the subsoil of each subsoil enclosure 20 is The earthen skeleton 30 is attached to the right side of the subsoil skeleton 20 as viewed from the tractor 1. In order to keep the traction resistance on the left and right sides of the working machine equal, it is possible to attach the earthing frame 30 at the position M.

FIG. 10 shows that the soil-repellent plate 22c of the subsoil case 20 is made to dissipate on both the left and right sides. A housing 30 is attached. Further, as shown in the soil-developing housing 30Q, it is possible to attach the soil-developing housings 30 in the same direction as the right and left subsoil housings 20 so as to be combined. As described above, the present application is a combination of one subsoil case 20 and one or two soil use cases 30.
Further, the knife 28 in FIG. 10 is attached in order to effectively divide the soil left and right. In the case of large-scale farms, the tractor becomes larger and the number of skeletons is increased. Therefore, in consideration of frictional resistance and straightness, it is arranged in a V shape as shown in FIG. In some cases, a folding device may be added to fit within the width of the tractor.

By using the subsoil grooving layer improvement machine as described above, an appropriate amount of subsoil can be released to the ground surface, and the soil formation layer 30 can be expanded and loosened. In addition, since the soil can be dropped and buried in the subsoil trench, the subsoil trench of the subsoil frame 20 can be used to expand the root zone and effectively drain the field.

Although the present application has been described mainly for use in fields, it can also be used for paddy fields that are rotating.

It is a bird's-eye view of the state where the example of the present invention was attached to the tractor. It is a side view of the state which attached the Example of this invention to the tractor. It is a bird's-eye view of the Example of this invention. It is a front view of the Example of this invention. It is a top view of the Example of this invention. It is a side view of the Example of this invention. It is sectional drawing in the ground which looked at the operation | work by the Example of this invention later. It is sectional drawing in the ground which looked at the operation | work by a prior art example later. It is a figure by the difference in the direction of the subsoil of the subsoil body. It is a figure of the working machine which attached the frame for subsoils which dissipates subsoil on both right and left sides. Work machine with a V-shaped housing It is a side view when cultivating a field deeply in a conventional example. It is a side view of tillage by rotary.

Explanation of symbols

1 Tractor
8 Lower link
9 Top link
10 Mast
11 frames
12 square frame
13 Beam plate
14 beam
15 square frame bolt
20 Heart
21 Chisel
22 Earth repellent plate
23 Safety bolt
24 main bolt
25 Wing
28 Knives
30 Soil body
31 Bracket
32 points
33 volts
34 Spring
35 square plate
36 Fixing bolt
70 Rotary blade a Soil layer b Subsoil layer
k Hard layer
x Mountains with the prodigal heart
y Yamabe by the prodigal heartland
z Tanibe

Claims (3)

A subsoil enclosure that divides the subsoil layer, raises the subsoil, and discharges it to the surface of either side or one side;
It is arranged on the subsoil discharge side of the rear part of the subsoil body, and includes a soil preparation unit for crushing the soil layer and dispersing the subsoil mass discharged to the ground surface by the subsoil unit,
Dispersing the discharged subsoil mass and crushing the soil to improve the water permeability to the groove forming portion formed in the subsoil layer. Improved machine.
2. The subsoil-groove soil layer according to claim 1, wherein the soil-carrying skeleton is disposed at substantially the center of the subsoil mass discharged to both sides or one side of the subsoil skeleton. Improved machine.
4. The subsoil trench improvement machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the earthen skeleton is detachably attached.