JP2014079149A - Power transmission system and power transmission apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve reduction in the scale of infrastructure equipment when supplying electric power in a non-contact manner.SOLUTION: In a power transmission system with a plurality of power transmission apparatuses 1 substantially in one line, a power transmission apparatus 100-1 includes: a first antenna section 130-1 that receives energy through an AC magnetic field developed by a power transmission apparatus 100-0 at the previous stage; a second antenna section 150-1 that transmits energy received by the first antenna section 130-1 to a power transmission apparatus 100-2 at the next stage with an AC magnetic field; and a power supply 140-1 that is inserted between the first antenna section 130-1 and the second antenna section 150-1 and that can supply a voltage or current to a load on the basis of energy received by the first antenna section 130-1.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power transmission system and a power transmission device.

  Originally, power is supplied by wire. However, since it is wired, a problem arises in its convenience. For example, in order to supply power to a marine refrigerated container, power is supplied manually by wire. However, when loading or unloading containers on a ship, there are problems such as breakage of electric wires caused by mistakes in plugging and unplugging outlets. In addition, in a container yard or ship deck, when a container is stacked, a person can operate only the first and second tiers from the bottom, and refrigerated containers cannot be stacked high.

  In addition, refrigerated containers are loaded in the hold due to height restrictions. For this reason, the inside of the hold becomes hot due to the exhaust heat of the refrigeration container, resulting in an increase in the inflow of heat from the container wall surface and an increase in electric power used by the refrigerator. On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for supplying electric power from a wall surface to a refrigerated container by an induced magnetic field.

JP 2011-205780 A

  However, with the technique of Patent Document 1, infrastructure development of power supply facilities becomes large. Moreover, although the actuator of patent document 1 uses an actuator, using an actuator causes damage.

  Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problem, and it is an object to provide a power transmission system and a power transmission device that can reduce infrastructure equipment when power is supplied contactlessly. To do.

(1) One aspect of the present invention is a power transmission system including a plurality of power transmission devices arranged in a substantially line, and the power transmission device is connected via an AC magnetic field generated by the power transmission device in the previous stage. A first antenna unit that receives energy; a second antenna unit that transmits energy received by the first antenna unit to the power transmission device in the next stage by an alternating magnetic field; the first antenna unit; A supply unit inserted between the second antenna units and capable of supplying a voltage or current to the load based on the energy received by the first antenna unit;
Is a power transmission system.

  (2) Further, one embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the voltage generated by the supply unit of each stage is at least one of amplitude and phase as compared with the voltage generated by the supply unit of the previous stage. The current generated by the supply unit at each stage is different in at least one of amplitude and phase from the current generated by the supply unit at the previous stage.

  (3) Further, one embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which a voltage generated by a supply unit in each stage is 90 degrees ahead in phase from a voltage generated by a previous-stage supply unit, or The phase of the current generated by the supply unit at each stage is 90 degrees behind the current generated by the supply unit at the previous stage.

  (4) Moreover, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, wherein one of the plurality of power transmission devices is a power transmission device that emits energy, and the stage that emits energy. The voltage generated by the supply unit included in the power transmission device is the absolute value of the imaginary part of the coupling impedance of the first antenna unit included in one of the adjacent power transmission devices and the second antenna unit included in the other, and the energy Is a voltage that is a constant multiple of the square root of the product of the sum of the powers required by the power transmission devices other than the power transmission device in the stage that emits.

  (5) Moreover, 1 aspect of this invention is the above-mentioned electric power transmission system, Comprising: The voltage which the supply part with which the electric power transmission apparatus of the stage which emits energy produces | generates is provided with one of the adjacent electric power transmission apparatuses. This is substantially the same as the square root of the product of the absolute value of the imaginary part of the coupling impedance of the second antenna unit provided in the other antenna unit and the total sum of power required by the power transmission devices other than the one power transmission device.

  (6) Further, one embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the voltage generated by the supply unit included in the power transmission device in each stage is generated according to the power required by the power transmission device in each stage. A supply unit included in each stage of the power transmission device includes a control unit that calculates a value or a current value, and generates a voltage or a current whose amplitude is the voltage value or the current value calculated by the control unit.

  (7) One embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the supply unit includes a plurality of switching elements, and the control unit controls the switching timing of the switching elements. It is determined so as to adjust the deviation of the voltage value between the voltage to be generated and the required voltage of the load.

  (8) Moreover, 1 aspect of this invention is the above-mentioned electric power transmission system, Comprising: The said supply part is inserted in parallel with respect to the said 1st antenna part and the said 2nd antenna part.

  (9) One embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which absolute values of voltages generated by the supply units in all stages are equal.

  (10) One embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the energy transmission stage is the forefront stage, and the voltage generated by the previous stage supply unit from the phase of the voltage generated by the target stage supply unit The sine of the phase difference obtained by subtracting the phase is sequentially decreased every time the number of the target stages passes.

(11) One embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the first antenna unit of the first power transmission device included in the plurality of power transmission devices includes the first power. Disposed substantially parallel to the second antenna unit of the second power transmission device adjacent to the transmission device;
The second antenna unit of the first power transmission device is configured such that the first power transmission device adjacent to the first power transmission device at a position different from the second power transmission device is the first power transmission device. It is arrange | positioned substantially parallel to the antenna part.

  (12) One embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the second antenna unit included in the power transmission device in the preceding stage and the resonance of the first antenna unit included in the power transmission device are included. The frequencies are approximately equal.

  (13) Moreover, 1 aspect of this invention is the above-mentioned electric power transmission system, Comprising: The container provided with the said electric power transmission apparatus is located in a line in a line.

  (14) One embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the first antenna includes a first inductor, the second antenna includes a second inductor, and the container Are stacked in order parallel to the direction in which gravity is applied, the first inductor is installed on the floor of the container, the second inductor is installed on the ceiling of the container, and the second inductor is in the next stage. It is substantially parallel to the first inductor of the container.

  (15) One aspect of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, wherein the load is a motor of a compressor that performs continuous control, and the supply unit includes a converter circuit that supplies a voltage to the compressor. And the fundamental frequency of the chopper waveform of the converter circuit is the same as the frequency of the alternating magnetic field.

  (16) One embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the fundamental wave of the chopper waveform and the waveform of the AC magnetic field are driven by a synchronized control signal.

  (17) One embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the supply unit at each stage can take power from a wired power line.

  (18) One embodiment of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the supply unit at each stage does not energize the first antenna unit or the second antenna unit that is not required for energy transmission. .

  (19) Moreover, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the information on the container is collected and displayed on one of the plurality of containers.

  (20) Moreover, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which power consumption units including the power transmission device are arranged in a line.

  (21) Moreover, one aspect of the present invention is the above-described power transmission system, in which the power transmission device includes a first variable capacitance switch unit that switches a capacitance connected to the first antenna unit, And at least one of a second variable capacitance switch unit that switches a capacitance connected to the second antenna unit, and depending on the number of stages of the power transmission device, the first variable capacitance switch unit A control unit that controls at least one of switching and switching by the second variable capacitance switch unit is provided.

  (22) Moreover, one aspect of the present invention is the power transmission device used in a power transmission system including a plurality of power transmission devices arranged substantially in a row, wherein energy is generated from the power transmission device in the previous stage by an AC magnetic field. A first antenna unit for receiving, a second antenna unit for transmitting energy received by the first antenna unit to the power transmission device in the next stage by an alternating magnetic field, the first antenna unit, and the second antenna unit And a supply unit that is inserted between the antenna units and can supply voltage or current to the load based on the energy received by the first antenna unit.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the infrastructure equipment when power is supplied without contact.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power transmission system in 1st Embodiment. 2 is an equivalent circuit of the power transmission system of FIG. 1. It is an equivalent circuit of the power transmission system when E0 = E2 = E3 = 0. It is a circuit of the right half toward FIG. It is the equivalent circuit of FIG. It is an example of a graph when the absolute value of the voltage of the power supply other than the first stage is a function of the absolute value of the voltage of the power supply of the first stage. FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of FIG. 6. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power transmission system in 2nd Embodiment. Seven examples of the set of electric power which each electric power transmission apparatus in 2nd Embodiment produces | generates are shown. When power pattern of the power transmission device is a 9, it is a plot of Kazu Nijo / 10 ⁵ voltage. 11 is a graph in which each series in FIG. 10 is normalized with the value of the vertical axis by the value of x = 1 of the series. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power transmission system in 3rd Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power transmission system in 4th Embodiment. It is an example of a timing chart. It is an example of the circuit diagram of the power supply of the power transmission apparatus of the first rank in 4th Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power transmission system in 5th Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the power transmission apparatus in 5th Embodiment. It is an example of the circuit of SW part. It is a table | surface which shows the function at the time of ON of each transistor. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power transmission system in 6th Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the power transmission apparatus in 6th Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of a 1st switch part. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of a 2nd switch part. It is a schematic equivalent circuit of the power transmission system 1f when the power transmission system has four stages. 25 is an equivalent circuit representing the schematic equivalent circuit of FIG. 24 in another format. 7 is a table showing an example of required transmission power, an optimum power source voltage, and an optimum current when the power transmission system if includes a four-stage power transmission device. The optimum voltage E _{n ',} which is an example of a set of the capacitance of each capacitor, and the input voltage E _n of the load. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power transmission system in the modification of 6th Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. A power transmission system according to a third embodiment, which will be described later, is a power transmission system that supplies power from a power transmission device mounted on a container on a bottom surface and further transmits power to the power transmission device mounted on an upper container. is there. In this power transmission system, power transmission using magnetic field induction is performed, but power is supplied to a load connected to a cascade. In addition, each container has a circuit configuration that supports both commercial power and wireless power transmission / reception, so that the bottom container receives power supply from the existing infrastructure in a wired manner and operates its own refrigerator. In this configuration, electric power can be sent further upward. These power transmissions can eliminate the influence of other load fluctuations in the middle by sending power to the nth container from the lowermost power transmission device in a time division manner. However, if there is no power storage device in time division, the refrigerator mounted in the container is turned on and off, and the refrigeration efficiency is lowered. Therefore, in the first embodiment, an algorithm capable of continuous control will be described.

<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power transmission system 1 according to the first embodiment. The power transmission system 1 includes four power transmission devices 100-0, 100-1, 100-2, and 100-3. Here, the power transmission devices 100-0 to 100-3 are collectively referred to as the power transmission device 100. In the power transmission system 1, the target stage power transmission device 100-n (n is an integer from 0 to 3) supplies power to the subsequent stage power transmission device 100- (n + 1), which is the stage immediately after the target stage, without contact. . In the present embodiment, as an example, each power supply 140-n is a voltage source.

  The power transmission device 100-0 includes a control unit 110-0, a wireless communication unit 120-0, a power supply (supply unit) 140-0, and a second antenna unit 150-0. The control unit 110-0 generates a power supply 140-n included in each power transmission device 100-n (n is an integer from 0 to 3) according to the power required by each power transmission device 100. The voltage value to be calculated is calculated. In addition, for example, the control unit 110-0 controls the power of the target stage with respect to the voltage of the power source 140- (n-1) of the power transmission device 100- (n-1) of the preceding stage that is the stage immediately before the target stage. A reference signal for driving the power supply 140-n is generated so that the phase of the voltage of the power supply 140-n of the transmission apparatus 100-n advances by 90 degrees. Thereby, the reference signal for the target stage is advanced 90 degrees from the reference signal for the previous stage. The control unit 110-0 transmits the generated reference signal to the other wireless communication units 120-1 to 120-3 via the wireless communication unit 120-0.

  In addition, the control unit 110-0 calculates the value of the voltage generated by each power supply 140-n. The calculation process in the control unit 110-0 will be described later. For example, the control unit 110-0 transmits instruction information indicating the calculated voltage value to the other wireless communication units 120-1 to 120-3 via the wireless communication unit 120-0.

In addition, when each power supply 140-n is a current source, the control unit 110-0 determines the power transmission device 100-n (n is 0 to 0) according to the power required by each power transmission device 100. The value of the current generated by the power supply 140-n included in the integer (up to 3) may be calculated. In addition, for example, the control unit 110-0 may cause the power supply 140 of the target stage power transmission device 100-n to the current of the power supply 140- (n-1) of the previous stage power transmission device 100- (n-1). A reference signal for driving the power supply 140-n may be generated so that the phase of the current of −n is delayed by 90 degrees. As a result, the reference signal for the target stage is delayed by 90 degrees from the reference signal for the previous stage. In that case, the control unit 110-0 may transmit the generated reference signal from the wireless communication unit 120-0 to the other wireless communication units 120-1 to 120-3.
When each power supply 140-n is a current source, the control unit 110-0 may calculate the value of the current generated by each power supply 140-n. In this case, the control unit 110-0 may transmit instruction information indicating the calculated current value from the wireless communication unit 120-0 to the other wireless communication units 120-1 to 120-3.

  The wireless communication unit 120-0 wirelessly transmits the instruction information received from the control unit 110-0 to the wireless communication units 120-1 to 120-3 included in the power transmission device 100 subsequent to the next stage.

  For example, the power supply 140-0 generates a voltage whose amplitude is the value of the voltage calculated by the control unit 110-0. In addition, the power supply 140-n included in each stage of the power transmission device 100-n described below generates, for example, a voltage whose amplitude is the value of the voltage calculated by the control unit 110. Then, the power supply 140-0 supplies the generated voltage to the capacitor 151-0 of the second antenna unit 150-0.

  The second antenna unit 150-0 is a resonance circuit that resonates according to the voltage or current supplied from the power supply 140-0. The second antenna unit 150-0 transmits energy to the next-stage power transmission device 100-1 by generating an alternating magnetic field. The second antenna unit 150-0 includes a capacitor 151-0, an inductor 152-0, and a parasitic resistance 153-0. A capacitor 151-0, an inductor 152-0, and a parasitic resistance 153-0 are connected in series in this order. Specifically, the connection relationship of each element in the second antenna unit 150-0 is as follows. One end of the capacitor 151-0 is connected to the power supply 140-0, and the other end is connected to one end of the inductor 152-0. The other end of the inductor 152-0 is connected to one end of a parasitic resistor 153-0 of the inductor 152-0. The other end of the parasitic resistor 153-0 is connected to the power supply 140-0. The inductor 152-0 is, for example, a coil. The parasitic resistances (153-0 to 153-2, 133-1 to 133-3) are not specific resistance elements, but are resistances of coils and capacitors.

  The inductor 152-0 generates an alternating magnetic field in the surroundings according to the alternating current supplied from the power supply 140-0 via the capacitor. Thereby, the inductor 152-0 transmits energy to the next-stage power transmission device 100-1.

Subsequently, the power transmission device 100-1 includes a control unit 110-1, a wireless communication unit 120-1, a power supply (supply unit) 140-1, a first antenna unit 130-1, and a second antenna. Unit 150-1.
The wireless communication unit 120-1 receives the instruction information and the reference signal transmitted from the wireless communication unit 120-0. For example, the control unit 110-1 uses the voltage value indicated by the instruction information received by the wireless communication unit 120-1 as an amplitude, and generates a voltage synchronized with the reference signal received by the wireless communication unit 120-1. 140-1 may be controlled.
Thereby, for example, the power supply 140-1 can make the phase of the voltage of the power supply 140-1 advance 90 degrees with respect to the voltage of the power supply 140-0 of the power transmission device 100-0 in the previous stage. Alternatively, for example, the power source 140-1 can cause the phase of the current of the power source 140-1 to be delayed by 90 degrees with respect to the current of the power source 140-0 of the power transmission device 100-0 in the previous stage.

  When each power source 140-n is a current source, the control unit 110-1 receives, for example, the value of the current indicated by the instruction information received by the wireless communication unit 120-1 from the wireless communication unit 120-1. The power source 140-1 may be controlled so as to generate a current synchronized with the reference signal.

  The first antenna unit 130-1 receives energy from the power transmission device 100-0 in the previous stage via an AC magnetic field generated by the power transmission device 100-0 in the previous stage. Here, the first antenna unit 130-1 includes a capacitor 131-1, an inductor 132-1, and a parasitic resistance 133-1. A capacitor 131-1, an inductor 132-1 and a parasitic resistor 133-1 are connected in series in this order.

The connection relationship of each element in the first antenna unit 130-1 is as follows. One end of the capacitor 131-1 is connected to one end of the power source 140-1 and one end of the capacitor 151-1, and the other end is connected to one end of the inductor 132-1. The other end of the inductor 132-1 is connected to one end of the parasitic resistor 133-1. The other end of the parasitic resistor 133-1 is connected to the other end of the power supply 140-1. The inductor 132-1 is, for example, a coil.
Inductor 132-1 is induced by an alternating magnetic field generated by power transmission device 100-0 in the previous stage. The inductor 132-1 supplies the generated induced current to the power source 140-1 and the second antenna unit 150-1 via the capacitor 131-1.

  The second antenna unit 150-1 transmits the energy received by the first antenna unit 130-1 to the next-stage power transmission device 100-2 using an AC magnetic field. Here, the second antenna unit 150-1 includes a capacitor 151-1, an inductor 152-1, and a parasitic resistance 153-1. The inductor 152-1 is, for example, a coil. Capacitor 151-1, inductor 152-1, and parasitic resistor 153-1 are connected in series in this order.

Specifically, the connection relationship of each element in the second antenna unit 150-1 is as follows. One end of the capacitor 151-1 is connected to one end of the power source 140-1 and one end of the capacitor 131-1, and the other end of the capacitor 151-1 is connected to one end of the inductor 152-1. The other end of the inductor 152-1 is connected to one end of the parasitic resistor 153-1. The other end of the parasitic resistor 153-1 is connected to the other end of the power supply 140-1. The inductor 152-1 is, for example, a coil.
The inductor 152-1 generates an alternating magnetic field around it by the induced current supplied from the inductor 132-1 of the first antenna unit 130-1 through the capacitor 131-1 and the capacitor 151-1.

  Subsequently, the power transmission device 100-2 includes a control unit 110-2, a wireless communication unit 120-2, a power supply (supply unit) 140-2, a first antenna unit 130-2, and a second antenna. Part 150-2. Since the configuration of the power transmission device 100-2 is the same as that of the power transmission device 100-1, the description thereof is omitted.

Subsequently, the power transmission device 100-3 includes a wireless communication unit 120-3, a first antenna unit 130-3, and a power source (supply unit) 140-3.
The wireless communication unit 120-3 receives the instruction information and the reference signal transmitted from the wireless communication unit 120-0. For example, the control unit 110-3 uses a voltage value indicated by the instruction information received by the wireless communication unit 120-3 as an amplitude, and generates a voltage synchronized with the reference signal received by the wireless communication unit 120-3. 140-3 is controlled. Thereby, for example, the power supply 140-3 can make the phase of the voltage of the power supply 140-3 advance by 90 degrees with respect to the voltage of the power supply 140-2 of the power transmission device 100-2 at the previous stage.
When each power supply 140-n is a current source, the control unit 110-3 uses the current value indicated by the instruction information received by the wireless communication unit 120-3 as an amplitude, and the reference received by the wireless communication unit 120-3. The power supply 140-3 may be controlled to generate a current synchronized with the signal. Thereby, for example, the power supply 140-3 can cause the phase of the current of the power supply 140-3 to be delayed by 90 degrees with respect to the current of the power supply 140-2 of the power transmission device 100-2 at the preceding stage.
When each power supply 140-n is a current source, the power supply 140-3 receives, for example, the current value indicated by the instruction information received from the wireless communication unit 120-3 as an amplitude and is received from the wireless communication unit 120-3. A current synchronized with the drive signal may be generated.

  The first antenna unit 130-3 receives energy via the AC magnetic field generated by the power transmission device 100-2 at the preceding stage. Here, the first antenna unit 130-3 includes a capacitor 131-3, an inductor 132-3, and a parasitic resistor 133-3. A capacitor 131-3, an inductor 132-3, and a parasitic resistor 133-3 are connected in series in order.

  The connection relationship of each element in the first antenna unit 130-3 is as follows. One end of the capacitor 131-3 is connected to one end of the power supply 140-3, and the other end of the capacitor 131-3 is connected to one end of the inductor 132-3. The other end of the inductor 132-3 is connected to one end of the parasitic resistor 133-3. The other end of the parasitic resistor 133-3 is connected to the other end of the power source 140-3. The inductor 132-3 is a coil, for example.

  Inductor 132-3 generates an induced current by an AC magnetic field generated by power transmission device 100-2 at the preceding stage. The inductor 132-3 supplies the generated induced current to the power source 140-3 via the capacitor 131-3.

<Details of voltage or current calculation processing for each power supply>
Next, details of the calculation process of the voltage or current of each power supply will be described. In the power transmission system 1 of FIG. 1, when k is a coupling coefficient of magnetic field coupling, mutual inductance M = kL. In FIG. 1, as an example, the capacitance of all capacitors is C, the inductances of all inductors are L, and the resistance values of all parasitic resistances are r. Further, as an example, it is assumed that the angular frequency w0 of the voltage generated by each power supply is 1 / √ (LC).

  Here, since the power supply 140-n at each stage is inserted in parallel with each first antenna unit 130-n or second antenna unit 150-n, the AC line is disconnected by the power supply 140-n. Absent. For this reason, the power supply 140-n does not convert alternating current into direct current and transmits power while maintaining alternating current, so there is little loss and there is little reduction in transmission efficiency.

The voltages of the power supplies 140-0, 140-1, 140-2, and 140-3 are E0, E1, E2, and E3, respectively, and the currents are I0, I1, I2, and I3, respectively.
A column vector whose elements are currents I0, I1, I2, and I3 is expressed by the following equation (1).

Here, the arrow in the formula (1) means that the resistance value r of each parasitic resistance is set to zero. The coefficient applied to the voltage vector [E0, E1, E2, E3] ^t on the right side of the equation (1) is an admittance matrix Y. The derivation of equation (1) will be described later. The voltage En of each power supply 140-n is expressed by the following equation (2).

En = j ⁿ × e [n] (2)

Here, e [n] is an absolute value of the voltage En of each power supply 140-n and is a real number. It can be expressed as voltage In = j ⁿ × i [n] of each power supply 140-n. Here, i [n] is the absolute value of the current In of each power supply 140-n and is a real number. Then, from the matrix of Expression (1), the absolute value i [n] of the current In is expressed by the following Expression (3).

  i [n] = 1 / X (e [n + 1] -e [n-1]) (3)

  However, e [−1] = e [4] = 0. Moreover, the electric power emitted from each power supply 140-n is represented by following Formula (4).

  Power [n] = i [n] × e [n] (4)

  Here, when the power generated from each power supply 140-n is negative, the power enters the power supply, and this is the power used by the power supply 140-n. This is power consumed if a load is connected to the power source 140-n. In this case, the voltage and current of the load cannot be set in advance, and depend on the power required by the load (hereinafter also referred to as demand). For example, this is when power is supplied to a container (for example, a reefer container) by wireless power feeding. Here, as an example, consider a case where the power source 140-1 to power source 140-3 absorbs power and the power source 140-0 generates power.

  The control unit 110-0 performs control so that the power Power [n] generated by each power supply 140-n is opposite to the demand of the load to which the power supply 140-n is connected. However, the sum of Power [0] to Power [3] is 0. The following recurrence formulas (5) and (6) are derived from the formulas (3) and (4).

i [n] = Power [n] / e [n] (5)

  e [n + 1] = e [n−1] + Xi [n] (6)

  From equations (5) and (6), if the absolute value e [0] of the voltage E0 of the power supply 140-0 is determined, -n [0] to i [3] and e [1] to e [3] are obtained. It is done. Here, the power of the power supply 140-0 is an amount obtained by multiplying the sum of powers [1] to [3] required by the power supplies 140-1 to 140-3 by -1. Therefore, the control unit 110-0, for example, the absolute value e [0] of the voltage E0 of the power supply 140-0 and the power -Power [1] to -Power [3] required by the power supplies 140-1 to 140-3. Referring to the above, the current and voltage generated by each power supply 140-n are calculated. Here, for example, the powers [1] to [3] required by the power supplies 140-1 to 140-3 and the absolute value e [0] of the voltage E0 of the power supply 140-0 may be determined in advance. .

Subsequently, the derivation of Expression (1) will be described. FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit of the power transmission system 1 of FIG. In the figure, Ch0 is the power transmission apparatus 100-0, Ch1 is the power transmission apparatus 100-1, Ch2 is the power transmission apparatus 100-2, and Ch3 is the power transmission apparatus 100-3.
If E0 = E2 = E3 = 0, the equivalent circuit of FIG. 2 is equivalent to the circuit of FIG. FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit of the power transmission system 1 when E0 = E2 = E3 = 0.

Since the circuit in FIG. 3 is symmetrical, the circuit on the right half in FIG. 3 becomes the circuit in FIG. FIG. 4 is a circuit on the right half of FIG.
Here, the mutual reactance of Ch1 and Ch2 is X, the self-reactance of the circuit on the left side in FIG. 4 is X, and the self-reactance of the circuit on the right side in FIG. Then, the circuit of FIG. 4 is represented by the equivalent circuit of FIG. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit of FIG. In the figure, the voltage at the point P51 is V ′. The impedance Z viewed from the arrow A52 is expressed by the following equation (7).

  The admittance Yn of the n-th power transmission device 100-n from Expression (7) is represented by the following Expression (8) from the left-right symmetry.

From the equation (7), the voltage V ′ at the point P51 is expressed by the following equation (9).

  The current I2 in FIG. 5 from the formula (9) is expressed by the following formula (10).

Not only E0 = E2 = E3 = 0 but also other patterns, the above-described processing is applied to the voltage vector [E0, E1, E2, E3] ^t on the right side of Equation (1). An admittance matrix Y that is a coefficient is expressed by the following equation (11). Here, the superscript t represents transposition.

  Here, the arrow in equation (11) means that the resistance value r of each parasitic resistance is set to zero.

  Next, FIG. 6 is a graph when the absolute values e [1] to e [3] of the voltages of the power supplies 140-1 to 140-3 are functions of the absolute value e [0] of the voltage of the power supply 140-0. It is an example. FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of FIG. 6 and 7 are examples when Power [1] to Power [3] are −5000 W and X = 50Ω. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the absolute value e [0] of the voltage of the power supply 140-0, and the vertical axis represents the absolute value e [n] of the voltage of the power supply 140-n. In FIG. 6, a straight line W11 when n = 1, a straight line W12 when n = 2, and a straight line 13 when n = 3 are shown. From FIG. 6, the absolute value e [n] of the voltage of the power supply 140-n is inversely proportional to the absolute value e [0] of the voltage of the power supply 140-0 when n is an odd number. It is proportional to the absolute value e [0] of the voltage of 0. Also, in the enlarged view of FIG. 7, a straight line W21 when n = 1, a straight line W22 when n = 2, and a straight line 23 when n = 3 are shown.

From equation (1), the energy consumed by r, Loss, is the function f = | E0 | ² + 2 × | E1 | ² + 2 × | E2 | ² + | E3 | ² = (e [0]) ² + 2 × It is proportional to (e [1]) ² + 2 × (e [2]) ² + e [3] ² . Therefore, minimizing the function f minimizes Loss.
Also, the curve W14 in FIG. 6 and the curve W24 in the enlarged view of FIG. 7 are values obtained by dividing the function f by 10 ⁵ , and the absolute value e [0] = √ (Power [0] X of the voltage of the power supply 140-0. ) = 2700V and the minimum. This amount is proportional to the heat consumed by the parasitic resistance, so this voltage is the optimum value.
Since the power transmission loss in the power transmission system 1 is minimized when the function f is minimized, the absolute value e [0] of the voltage of the power supply 140-0 is approximately √ (Power [0] X). It is desirable. That is, the voltage generated by the supply unit included in the power transmission device in the stage that emits energy is the imaginary part of the coupling impedance of the first antenna unit included in one of the adjacent power transmission devices and the second antenna unit included in the other. It is desirable that the square root of the product of the absolute value and the sum of the power required by the power transmission devices other than the power transmission device in the stage that emits the energy is substantially the same. Thereby, the power transmission loss can be reduced.

As described above, in the first embodiment, the power transmission system 1 includes the plurality of power transmission devices 100-n arranged in a line. The power transmission device 100-n includes a first antenna unit 130-n that receives energy via an AC magnetic field generated by the preceding power transmission device 100- (n-1), and a first antenna unit 130-. a second antenna unit 150-n that transmits the energy received by n to the next-stage power transmission device 100- (n + 1) by an AC magnetic field, a first antenna unit 130-n, and a second antenna unit 150-n. And a power source (supply unit) 140-n that can supply voltage or current to the load based on the energy received by the first antenna unit 130-n.
Thereby, since each power transmission device 100-n has the power source 140-n, and appropriately changes the phase of the voltage applied to the power source, the in-phase component of the voltage applied to the power source 140-n and the current flowing therefrom Becomes negative, the power supply 140-n absorbs part or all of the energy supplied from the power transmission device 100- (n-1) at the previous stage, and the rest is transferred to the power transmission device 100- (n + 1) at the subsequent stage. Can be supplied.

  The voltage generated by the power supply of each stage is 90 degrees ahead of the voltage generated by the power supply of the previous stage of each stage, or the current generated by the power supply of each stage is generated by the power supply of the previous stage of each stage. The phase is delayed by 90 degrees from the current. As a result, the voltage and current applied to the power supply are just reversed, so that the loss of power supplied from the previous stage to each stage can be made smaller than in the case of other phase differences, and transmission efficiency is improved. be able to.

  Here, the reason why the efficiency is improved at 90 ° will be described below. Equation (3) holds true even when e [n] and i [n] are complex numbers. However, Expression (4) is represented by the following Expression (4 ′) when e [n] and i [n] are complex numbers.

Power [n] = (i ^* [n] e [n] + i [n] e ^* [n]) / 2 Formula (4 ′)

Here, i ^* [n] is a complex conjugate of i [n], and e ^* [n] is a complex conjugate of e [n]. From equation (3), the following equation (12) holds for n from n = 1 to N−1.

  Here, the function g is defined by the following equation (13). This is proportional to the expected value of the real component of the matrix in the formula before taking the limit of formula (1), and the function g is proportional to the loss.

Here, since Power [n] is a set value, it is an n constraint condition of n = 1 to N−1, and it is sufficient that the function g can be minimized under this condition. Therefore, by using Lagrange's undetermined constant method, λ ₁ ,..., Λ _N-1 are real numbers, and the function ε is defined by the following equation (14).

Since the square matrix in equation (14) is a real symmetric matrix, the eigenvalue is a real number, and the eigenvector for this minimum eigenvalue can be a real vector. Defines the N-1 lambda ₁ to [lambda] _N-1 so as to satisfy the (N-1) equations in equation (12) with respect to the eigenvector eigenvectors that time gives the smallest function epsilon. Anyway, e [0] ~e [N -1] is a real number, and E ^[n] α n. From this, from equation (3), i [n] is also a real number, and E [n] ∝j ⁿ .

The phase difference between the power supply of the previous stage and the power supply of the target stage is not limited to 90 degrees, and the voltage generated by the supply unit of each stage is different in phase from the voltage generated by the supply unit of the previous stage, Alternatively, the phase of the current generated by the supply unit at each stage may be different from the phase of the current generated by the supply unit at the previous stage.
This is because if all the phases of the voltage are the same, E0 to E4 are real numbers, and the current is a pure imaginary number from Equation (1). This means that the phase of the voltage and current of each channel is shifted by 90 °, and no energy enters or exits from each channel. That is, energy transmission is not performed.
In addition, the voltage generated by the supply unit of each stage is different in amplitude from the voltage generated by the supply unit of the previous stage, or the current generated by the supply unit of each stage is the current generated by the supply unit of the previous stage. The amplitude may be different as compared.
To summarize the above, the voltage generated by the supply unit of each stage is different from the voltage generated by the supply unit of the previous stage in at least one of amplitude or phase, or the current generated by the supply unit of each stage May be different in amplitude and / or phase from the current generated by the supply unit in the previous stage.

In the present embodiment, the control unit 110-0 generates a voltage generated by the power supply 140-n included in each power transmission device 100-n according to the power required by each power transmission device 100-n or Calculate the current value. Then, the control unit 110-0 causes the voltage value or the current value calculated for each stage to be transmitted to the corresponding stage power transmission apparatus by radio as an example. The power supply 140-n included in each stage of the power transmission device 100-n generates a voltage or a current whose amplitude is the voltage value or the current value calculated by the control unit 110-0.
As a result, the function f applied to each inductor can be reduced by setting the amplitude of the voltage or current applied to each power supply 140-n to the value calculated by the control unit 110-0. Transmission loss can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the power source (supply unit) 140-n is inserted in parallel with the first antenna unit 130-n and the second antenna unit 150-n. Further, the first antenna unit of the first power transmission device included in the plurality of power transmission devices is substantially parallel to the second antenna unit of the second power transmission device adjacent to the first power transmission device. Has been placed. Further, the second antenna unit of the first power transmission device is a first antenna of the third power transmission device adjacent to the first power transmission device at a position different from that of the second power transmission device. It is arrange | positioned substantially parallel to a part.

  In the present embodiment, the second antenna unit 150- (n-1) included in the power transmission device 100- (n-1) in the previous stage of the target stage and the first included in the power transmission device 100-n in the target stage. The resonance frequencies of the antenna units 130-n are preferably substantially equal. As a result, the frequency of the induced current induced in the first antenna unit 130-n by the magnetic field generated by the second antenna unit 150- (n-1) and the current of the first antenna unit 130-n can be reduced. The resonance frequency can be made substantially equal. As a result, the first antenna included in the power transmission device 100-n via the AC magnetic field generated by the second antenna unit 150- (n-1) included in the power transmission device 100- (n-1) in the previous stage. Loss of energy transmitted to the unit 130-n can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the number of power transmission devices is four. However, the number is not limited to this, and may be two or three, or may be five or more.

<Second Embodiment>
Next, the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the power transmission system 1b in the second embodiment. The same elements as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In the power transmission system 1b in the second embodiment, the number of power transmission devices is increased from four to seven compared to the power transmission system 1 in the first embodiment.

  FIG. 9 shows seven examples of power sets generated by each power transmission device 100-n (in this embodiment, n is an integer from 0 to 6) in the second embodiment. Power [n] means power generated by the power transmission device 100-n. A positive value means that power is generated, and a negative value means that power is consumed. In all patterns, the sum of Power0 to Power6 is zero.

FIG. 10 is a diagram in which the function f / 10 ⁵ is plotted when the power pattern of each power transmission device 100-n is as shown in FIG. In the figure, the vertical axis is the sum of the two voltages / 10 ⁵ and the horizontal axis is x = √ (Power [0] / X). The sequence numbers in the graph of FIG. 10 correspond to the pattern numbers of FIG. In the figure, curves W31 to W37 corresponding to the series 1 to 7 are shown. The minimum value in each series is between 0.95 and 1.05 on the horizontal axis. The average value of the minimum values is 0.985, and the standard deviation σ of the minimum value is 0.038. Therefore, the minimum value ± σ is x = 0.95 to 1.02, 0.91 to 1.06 for the minimum value ± 2σ, and 1.1 to 0.95 for the minimum value ± 3σ. Therefore, for example, a minimum value exists with a probability of 95% when x is between 0.91 and 1.06.

  FIG. 11 is a graph in which each series of FIG. 10 is normalized by the value of the vertical axis with the value of x = 1 of the series. In the figure, the vertical axis is the normalized function f, and the horizontal axis is x = √ (Power [0] / X). In the figure, curves W41 to W47 corresponding to the series 1 to 7 are shown. From the figure, when x is set to 0.85 to 1.25, the loss is approximately 1.6 times or less of the optimum value, and the loss can be suppressed. If x = 1, the loss can be suppressed to 1.05 times or less of the optimum value.

  As described above, in the second embodiment, one power transmission device 100-0 among the plurality of power transmission devices included in the power transmission system 1b is a power transmission device in a stage that emits energy. And the voltage which power supply (supply part) 140-0 with which the power transmission device 100-0 of the stage which emits energy is provided produces | generates the 2nd with which the 1st antenna part with which one of the adjacent power transmission devices is equipped, and the other has. A constant multiple of the square root of the product of the absolute value of the imaginary part of the coupling impedance of the antenna unit and the sum of the power required by the power transmission device other than the power transmission device in the stage that emits energy (for example, 0.85 to 1.25) Voltage).

<Third Embodiment>
Subsequently, a third embodiment will be described. FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the configuration of the power transmission system 1c according to the third embodiment. The same elements as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. The power transmission system 1c according to the third embodiment is an application of the power transmission system 1 according to the first embodiment to a reefer container (sometimes referred to as a refrigerated container). In the power transmission system 1c in the third embodiment, the number of power transmission devices is reduced from four to three compared to the power transmission system 1 in the first embodiment.

The power transmission system 1c includes three leafer containers 10-0, 10-1, and 10-2. Each leafer container 10-n (n is an integer from 0 to 2 in the third embodiment) includes a power transmission device 100c-n and a DC refrigerator 180-n, respectively. In the power transmission system 1c, the reefer containers 10-n including the power transmission device are stacked in approximately one row. The power transmission devices 100c-n are collectively referred to as a power transmission device 100c. In the third embodiment, by installing the DC-controlled DC refrigerator 180-n in the reefer container 10-n, the increment of components is reduced and the power transmission efficiency is improved.
In FIG. 12, there is a gap between each reefer container 10-n for convenience of illustration, but this gap is kept at a distance by the foot of the container although not shown.

  Each power transmission device 100c-n includes a control unit 110c-n, a wireless communication unit 120c-n, a first antenna unit 130-n, a power source 140-n, a second antenna unit 150-n, A relay 160-n and a relay 170-n are provided. In the present embodiment, as an example, each power supply 140-n is a voltage source.

  When the power supply 140-n is connected to the commercial power supply, the power supply 140-n notifies the control unit 110-c that it is connected to the external power supply. When the controller 110c-n receives a notification from the power supply 140-n that it is connected to the external power supply, it operates as a master. In this case, the other control units operate as slaves. In the present embodiment, as an example, it is assumed that the power supply 140-0 is connected to a commercial power supply and the control unit 110c-0 operates as a master.

  The control unit 110c-0 operating as a master determines the value of the voltage generated by the power supply 140-n included in each power transmission device 100c-n. In addition, the control unit 110c-0, for example, supplies the power supply 140 so that the phase of the voltage of the power supply 140-1 of the next stage power transmission device 100c-1 is 90 degrees earlier than the phase of the power supply 140-0 of the own device. A reference signal for driving −1 is generated. Further, the control unit 110c-0, for example, so that the phase of the voltage of the power supply 140-2 of the next next stage power transmission device 100c-2 is 180 degrees earlier than the phase of the power supply 140-0 of its own device. A reference signal for driving the power supply 140-2 is generated. Then, the control unit 110c-0 wirelessly transmits instruction information indicating the value of the voltage generated by the power supply 140-1 and a drive signal of the power supply 140-1, from the wireless communication unit 120c-0 to another wireless communication unit 120c-1. Send it. Then, the control unit 110c-0 wirelessly transmits the instruction information indicating the value of the voltage generated by the power supply 140-2 and the reference signal of the power supply 140-2 from the wireless communication unit 120c-0 to the other wireless communication unit 120c-1. Send with.

On the other hand, the other control unit 110c-1 operating as a slave uses the instruction information received from the wireless communication unit 120c-1 and the reference signal of the power supply 140-1, and the power supply 140-1 displays the voltage indicated by the instruction information. The power supply 140-1 is controlled so as to generate a voltage synchronized with the reference signal received from the wireless communication unit 120c-1.
Similarly, the other control unit 110c-2 operating as a slave uses the instruction information received from the wireless communication unit 120c-2 and the reference signal of the power supply 140-2, and the power supply 140-2 indicates the instruction information. The power supply 140-2 is controlled so as to generate a voltage synchronized with the reference signal received from the wireless communication unit 120c-2 using the voltage value as an amplitude.

  When the power supply 140-0 is connected to a commercial power supply, the control unit 110c-0 operating as a master disconnects the relay 160-0 of the own device. As a result, power can be prevented from being supplied to the unnecessary first antenna unit 130-0, and wasteful power consumption can be eliminated. As a result, power transmission efficiency can be improved. Further, when the power supply 140-0 is connected to a commercial power supply, the control unit 110c-0 operating as a master controls to disconnect the relay 170-2 of the power transmission device 100c-2 at the end opposite to the own device. To do.

Hereinafter, an example of a specific process of the disconnection control process of the relay 170-2 will be described. First, an example of the determination process of the power transmission device at the end opposite to the own device is as follows. Each power transmission device 100c-n includes a weight measurement unit (not shown). A weight measurement part measures the weight concerning the upper surface of the outer side of the leafer container 10-2. In this case, for example, the weight measured by the weight measuring unit of the leafer container 10-2 is zero.
Therefore, for example, the control unit 110c-0 operating as a master requests the other power transmission devices 100c-n to wirelessly transmit the weight measured by the weight measurement unit. The control unit 110c-0, for example, the power transmission device 100c-n that transmits the smallest weight among the weights wirelessly transmitted by the other power transmission devices 100c-n in response to the request (here, The power transmission device 100c-2) is determined as the power transmission device at the end opposite to the own device. Above, description of an example of the determination process of the power transmission apparatus at the end opposite to the own apparatus is finished.

  Next, an example of processing for disconnecting the relay 170-2 of the power transmission device 100c-2 at the end opposite to the own device is as follows. For example, the control unit 110c-0 performs wireless communication of disconnection request information requesting the wireless communication unit 120c-2 included in the power transmission device 100-2 at the end opposite to the own device to disconnect the relay 170-2. Transmit from the unit 120c-0. For example, the wireless communication unit 120-2 receives the disconnection request information transmitted from the wireless communication unit 120c-0, and outputs the received disconnection request information to the control unit 110c-2. For example, the control unit 110c-2 disconnects the relay 170-2 in accordance with the disconnection request information input from the wireless communication unit 120-2. Thereby, since it is possible to prevent the power supply 140-2 from supplying power to the second antenna unit 150-2, useless power consumption in the second antenna unit 150-2 can be eliminated. As a result, power transmission efficiency can be improved. Above, description of an example of the process which cut | disconnects the relay 170-2 of the electric power transmission apparatus 100c-2 of the end opposite to an own apparatus is complete | finished.

The relay 170-0 electrically connects the power source 140-0 and the second antenna unit 150-0. Thereby, the power supply 140-0 supplies a voltage to the second antenna unit 150-0. Similarly, the relay 170-1 electrically connects the power supply 140-1 and the second antenna unit 150-1. Thereby, the power supply 140-1 supplies a voltage to the 2nd antenna part 150-1.
Relay 160-1 electrically connects power supply 140-1 and first antenna unit 130-1. Thereby, the power supply 140-1 supplies a voltage to the 1st antenna part 130-1. Similarly, the relay 160-2 electrically connects the power supply 140-2 and the first antenna unit 130-2. Thereby, the power supply 140-2 supplies a voltage to the first antenna unit 130-2.
Moreover, each power supply 140-n supplies a voltage to corresponding DC refrigerator 180-n.

Each first antenna unit 130-n includes a capacitor 131-n, an inductor 132-n, and a parasitic resistor 133-n, as in the first embodiment. Each inductor 132-n is installed on the floor surface of the leafer container 10-n substantially parallel to the floor surface.
Each second antenna unit 150-n includes a capacitor 151-n, an inductor 152-n, and a parasitic resistance 153-n, as in the first embodiment. Each inductor 152-n is installed on the ceiling of the leafer container 10-n substantially parallel to the ceiling.
Accordingly, the inductor 152-n included in the first antenna unit 130-n included in the power transmission device 100c-n in a certain stage and the second antenna unit 150 included in the power transmission device 100c- (n-1) in the previous stage. The inductor 152-(n−1) included in − (n−1) is substantially parallel to the inductor 152 − (n−1).
In addition, for example, the control unit 110c-0 of the power transmission device 100c-n as a master uses the information of other leafer containers received by the wireless communication unit 120c-0 to transmit the information of all the leafer containers of the own device. You may display on a display part (not shown) collectively. Thereby, the temperature of the slave leafer container and the like can be collectively displayed on the display unit (not shown) of the master by wireless communication. Therefore, it is possible to know the state of the upper leafer container even if a person does not climb up the container. As described above, the master control unit may collect and display the information of the leafer container on one display unit (not shown) of the plurality of leafer containers.

As described above, in the third embodiment, the power transmission system 1c is configured such that the containers including the power transmission devices are arranged in approximately one row. Each first antenna includes a first inductor, and each second antenna includes a second inductor. The containers are stacked in order in parallel with the direction in which gravity is applied. The first inductor is installed on the floor of the container, the second inductor is installed on the ceiling of the container, and the second inductor is installed on the next container. It is substantially parallel to the first inductor. As a result, the distance between the second inductor and the first inductor can be shortened substantially parallel to the second inductor and the first inductor. Energy can be transmitted to one inductor.
In addition, the power source provided in the bottom container is supplied with power from a commercial power source in a wired manner. For this reason, since it is not necessary to construct a new infrastructure in order to supply electric power to the containers stacked on the container yard or the hold, the power transmission system 1c can be easily introduced.
In addition, each stage power supply (supply unit) can take power from a wired power line. Further, the power (supply unit) at each stage does not energize the first antenna unit or the second antenna unit that is not necessary for energy transmission.

In addition, although the example applied to the leafer container was shown in 3rd Embodiment, you may apply not only to this but another container (for example, ventilator container). Further, not only the container but also a configuration in which the power consumption units including the power transmission device are arranged in a line may be used. Here, at least one of the plurality of power consuming units includes a load that consumes power.
In the present embodiment, the leafer containers 10-n are stacked in approximately one row, but may be aligned in approximately one row in the horizontal direction. From this, the container provided with an electric power transmission apparatus may be located in a line.

  When each power supply 140-n is a current source, the controller 110c-0 as a master may determine a voltage generated by the power supply 140-n included in each power transmission device 100c-n.

  In addition, the following process may be sufficient as the process which determines the electric power transmission apparatus of the end opposite to an own apparatus. For example, the radio communication unit 120c-0 receives a pilot signal transmitted from another radio communication unit 120c-1 or 120c-2. The control unit 110c-0 operating as a master measures the received signal strength of the pilot signal received by the wireless communication unit 120c-0. Then, as an example, the control unit 110c-0 replaces the power transmission device 100c-2 including the wireless communication unit 120c-2 that has transmitted the pilot signal with the smallest received signal strength with the power transmission device at the end opposite to the own device. It may be determined that Thereby, even if the reefer containers are arranged in approximately one row in the horizontal direction, the control unit 110c-0 can determine the power transmission device at the end opposite to the own device.

<Fourth Embodiment>
Subsequently, a fourth embodiment will be described. FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power transmission system 1d according to the fourth embodiment. Elements that are the same as those in FIG. 1 or FIG. Compared with the power transmission system 1 in the first embodiment, the power transmission system 1d in the fourth embodiment is a power source of each power transmission device 100d-n (n is an integer from 0 to 4 in this embodiment). 140-n is changed to the power supply 140d-n, the control unit 110-n is changed to the control unit 110d-n, and a load 144-n, a relay 160-n, and a relay 170-n are added. Each power supply 140d-n is connected to a load 144-n having the same index value.

In FIG. 13, each stage power supply 140d-n receives supply of power from a commercial power supply and supplies power to the stage load, and each stage power supply 140d-n supplies the second antenna unit 150-n. The power is also supplied to a load connected to another power source.
Further, the relay 160-1 is open, while the relays 160-1 to 160-4 are closed. While the relays 170-0 to 3 are closed, the relay 170-4 is open.

  In addition, the power transmission device 100d-0 is obtained by adding a first antenna unit 130-0 as compared to the power transmission device 100-0 in the first embodiment. In the first antenna unit 130-0, a relay 160-0, a capacitor 131-0, and an inductor 132-0 are sequentially connected in series, and this circuit is inserted in parallel to the power supply 140d-0. . The specific connection relationship is as follows. One end of the relay 160-0 is connected to one end of the power supply 140d-0. The other end of the relay 160-0 is connected to one end of the capacitor 131-0. The other end of the capacitor 131-0 is connected to one end of the inductor 132-0. The other end of the inductor 132-0 is connected to the other end of the power supply 140d-0. The relay 160-0 disconnects the electrical connection between the capacitor 131-0 and the power source 140d-0. As a result, the power supply 140d-0 can be prevented from supplying a voltage to the inductor 132-0, and wasteful power consumption can be eliminated.

  Further, in the power transmission device 100d-4, compared to the power transmission device 100-3 in the first embodiment, the first antenna unit 130-3 is changed to the first antenna unit 130-4, and the second An antenna unit 150-4 is added. Since the first antenna unit 130-4 has the same configuration as the first antenna unit 130-3, the description thereof is omitted. The second antenna unit 150-4 is a series circuit in which a relay 170-4, a capacitor 151-4, and an inductor 152-4 are sequentially connected in series, and this series circuit is connected in parallel to the power supply 140d-4. Has been inserted. The specific connection relationship is as follows. One end of the relay 170-4 is connected to one end of the power supply 140d-4. The other end of the relay 170-4 is connected to one end of the capacitor 151-4. The other end of the capacitor 151-4 is connected to one end of the inductor 152-4. The other end of the inductor 152-4 is connected to the other end of the power supply 140d-4. The relay 170-0 disconnects the electrical connection between the capacitor 151-4 and the power source 140d-4. As a result, the power supply 140d-4 can be prevented from supplying voltage to the inductor 152-4, and wasteful power consumption can be eliminated.

FIG. 13 shows details of the circuit of the power supply 140d-1. Note that the configuration of the power supplies 140d-2 to 140d-4 is the same as that of the power supply 140d-1, and a description thereof will be omitted. In the figure, a first circuit 141-1 and a second circuit (converter circuit) 143-1 are provided. The second circuit 143-1 is a switching circuit that drives a load (motor) 144-1. When a plurality of currents having different phases are supplied to the load (motor) 144-1, the second circuit 143-1 is used. Becomes more than one. Only one of them is shown here for simplicity.
The first circuit 141-1 includes a rectifier circuit 142-1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, an nMOS transistor Q1, and a pMOS transistor Q2. A first capacitor circuit in which a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2 are connected in series is connected in parallel to the rectifier circuit 142-1. Further, the nMOS transistor Q1 and the pMOS transistor Q2 are connected in series, and the circuit connected in series is connected in parallel to the first capacitor circuit.

  The specific connection relationship is as follows. One end of the capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the rectifier circuit 142-1 and the source of the nMOS transistor Q1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C2, and the other end of the inductor 132-1 and the inductor 152 are further connected via the contact S1. -1 is connected to the other end. The other end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the other end of the rectifier circuit 142-1 and the source of the pMOS transistor Q2. The gate of the nMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the control unit 110d-1. The drain of the nMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the drain of the pMOS transistor Q2, and is further connected to one end of the relay 160-1 and one end of the relay 170-1 via the contact S2. The gate of the pMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the control unit 110d-1.

  The rectifier circuit 142-1 includes diodes D1 to D4. The plus side of the diode D1 is connected to one end of the commercial AC power supply and the minus side of the diode D4. The negative side of the diode D1 is connected to the negative side of the diode D2, one end of the capacitor C1, and the source of the nMOS transistor Q1. Further, the plus side of the diode D2 is connected to the minus side of the diode D3 and the other end of the commercial power source. The plus side of the diode D3 is connected to the plus side of the diode D4 and the source of the pMOS transistor Q2.

  The second circuit (converter circuit) 143-1 supplies a voltage to the load 144-1. The second circuit 143-1 includes a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a pMOS transistor Q3, and an nMOS transistor Q4. The second capacitor circuit in which the capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are connected in series is in parallel with the circuit in which the pMOS transistor Q3 and the nMOS transistor Q4 are connected in series. Also, loads (here, a motor) 144-1 are connected to both ends of the second capacitor circuit.

  The load 144-1 is, for example, a compressor that performs continuous control. In that case, the converter circuit 143-1 supplies a voltage to the compressor. The control unit 110d-0 has the same function as the control unit 110-0 of the first embodiment, but differs in the following points. The control unit 110d-0 allows the second antenna unit 150d-1 to transmit the energy of the fundamental frequency of the chopper waveform of the converter circuit 143-1 via the wireless communication unit 120-0 and the wireless communication unit 120-1. Therefore, the frequency is the same as the frequency of the alternating magnetic field generated. At that time, the control unit 110d-0 generates a fundamental wave of the chopper waveform and a waveform of the alternating magnetic field by using a synchronized control signal.

  The specific connection relationship is as follows. One end of the capacitor C3 is connected to one end of the load 144-1 and the source of the pMOS transistor Q3. The other end of the capacitor C3 is connected to one end of the capacitor C4, and further connected to the other end of the inductor 132-1 and the other end of the inductor 152-1. The other end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the source of the nMOS transistor Q4. The source of the pMOS transistor Q3 is connected to the control unit 110d-1. The drain of the pMOS transistor Q3 is connected to the drain of the nMOS transistor Q4, and is further connected to one end of the relay 160-1 and one end of the relay 170-1. The source of the nMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the control unit 110d-1.

  Subsequently, operations of the first circuit 141-1 and the second circuit 143-1 will be described. Normally, the commercial power supply operates in the OFF mode (power reception mode). In this case, since the commercial power supply is disconnected, the nMOS transistor Q1 and the pMOS transistor Q2 are off.

First, a case where the power transmission device 100d-0 transmits power and the power transmission devices 100d-1 to 100d-4 receive power will be described. The voltage applied to both ends of the second antenna unit 150-0 (the potential at the point A-the potential at the point B) changes at the switching timing of the nMOS transistor Q4 and the pMOS transistor Q3. The control unit 110d-0 determines this timing so as to satisfy the following condition.
The DC voltage applied to the load (potential at point C−potential at point D) takes a value when the load consumes power predetermined for the load. As shown in the first embodiment, the fundamental wave of the voltage signal applied to both ends of each second antenna unit is shifted by 90 ° every time the number of stages increases. This can be realized by adjusting the phase at the time when the pMOS transistor Q3 and the nMOS transistor Q4 are turned on and off, and changing the duty of the pMOS transistor Q3 and the nMOS transistor Q4. If the loss is ignored, the voltage applied to both ends of each second antenna unit (hereinafter also referred to as antenna voltage) is the same as the voltage shown in the first embodiment.

  Then, based on the ON-OFF timing of the pMOS transistor Q3 and the nMOS transistor Q4 determined by the control unit 110d-0, two drive signals to be supplied to the gate of the nMOS transistor Q4 and the gate of the pMOS transistor Q3 are determined. Then, the determined reference signal is wirelessly transmitted to the wireless communication unit 120-1 via the wireless communication unit 120-0. The wireless communication unit 120-1 receives the two reference signals from the wireless communication unit 120-0 and outputs the received two reference signals to the control unit 110d-1. The control unit 110d-1 generates two drive signals synchronized with the two reference signals, and supplies the two generated drive signals to the gate of the nMOS transistor Q4 and the gate of the pMOS transistor Q3, respectively.

FIG. 14 is an example of a timing chart. In the figure, curves W51 and W55 represent the pMOS transistor Q3, and curves W52 and W56 represent the nMOS transistor Q4 ON / OFF. The curves W53 and W57 include harmonics at the potential at the point A−the potential at the point B (V _A −V _B ). For comparison, a straight line representing the potential at point C is shown. Curves W54 and W58 are fundamental wave components (sine waves) of curves W53 and W57, respectively.

Curves W51 to W54 show a case where the ON times of the pMOS transistor Q3 and the nMOS transistor Q4 are short, and curves W55 to W58 show a case where the ON time is long. Curves W51, W52, W55, and W56 represent +1 for ON and 0 for OFF regardless of the type of transistor (pMOS or nMOS) for simplicity.
For example, since the current corresponding to the voltage reduced in the curve W53 with respect to the curve W54 is supplied to the load, the current is supplied to the load when the pMOS transistor Q3 is in the ON state. Therefore, if the duty of the pMOS transistor Q3 is increased, that is, if the ON time of the pMOS transistor Q3 is increased, the current supplied to the load can be increased. Thereby, the voltage according to the duty of the load can be supplied to the load by matching the duty of the pMOS transistor Q3 with the duty of the load.

  FIG. 15 is an example of a circuit diagram of the power supply 140d-0 of the first-stage power transmission device 100d-0 in the fourth embodiment. The power supply 140d-0 includes a first circuit 141-0 and a second circuit 143-0. The same elements as those of the power supply 140d-1 in FIG.

  The power supply 140d-0 of the first-stage power transmission device 100d-0 is supplied with power from a commercial AC power supply in a wired manner, supplies power to its own load 144-0, and also to the second antenna unit 150d-0. Also supply power. The nMOS transistor Q1, the pMOS transistor Q2, the pMOS transistor Q3, and the nMOS transistor Q4 all operate at the basic angular frequency w0, and the power supplies 140d-1 to 140d-4 also operate in synchronization. The controller 110d-0 satisfies the following condition by changing the ON / OFF timing of the nMOS transistor Q1, the pMOS transistor Q2, the pMOS transistor Q3, and the nMOS transistor Q4.

As shown in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, the controller 110d-0 controls the power supplies 140d-1 to 140d-4 according to the power consumption of the power supplies 140d-1 to 140d-4, respectively. The value of the voltage applied to both ends of is determined. More specifically, the control unit 110d-0 determines, for example, the amplitude and phase of the w0 component of the voltage applied to both ends of the power source 140d-1 from the power source 140d-1. Since harmonics are included by switching the gate voltages of the pMOS transistor Q3 and the nMOS transistor Q4, the high frequency component is actually included in the voltage applied to both ends of the power supply 140d-1 from the power supply 140d-1. The control unit 110d-0 sends the information indicating the determined amplitudes and phases to the wireless communication units 120-1 to 120-4 of the other power transmission devices 100d-1 to 100d-4, respectively. Over the air. Thereby, each control unit 110d-n (here, n is an integer from 1 to 4) has an amplitude indicated by information received by the corresponding wireless communication unit 120-n (here, n is an integer from 1 to 4). And the power supply 140d-n (here, n is an integer from 1 to 4) is controlled so that the power supply 140d-n (where n is an integer from 1 to 4) generates the voltage of the phase.
Thereby, the voltage which satisfy | fills the power consumption which the power supplies 140d-1 to 140d-4 require can be supplied. Moreover, since the voltage of each power supply can be advanced 90 degrees from the phase of the voltage of the power supply in the previous stage, the power transmission efficiency can be improved.

  Further, the control unit 110d-0 changes the gate voltage of the pMOS transistor Q3 and the gate voltage of the nMOS transistor Q4 to satisfy the required power of the load 144-0 of its own device. By this process, when the gate voltage of the pMOS transistor Q3 and the gate voltage of the nMOS transistor Q4 are changed, the voltage applied to both ends of the power supply 140d-0 also changes accordingly. The control unit 110d-0 sequentially reduces the voltage difference due to this change by changing ON / OFF of the nMOS transistor Q1 and the pMOS transistor Q2.

  As described above, in the fourth embodiment, each power supply (supply unit) 140d-n includes a plurality of switching elements (for example, the pMOS transistor Q3 and the nMOS transistor Q4). Then, the control unit 110d-0 adjusts the switching timing of the switching element so as to adjust the deviation of the voltage value between the voltage generated by each power supply (supply unit) 140d-n and the required voltage of the load 144-n. decide. Thereby, the voltage which each power supply (supply part) 140d-n produces | generates can be match | combined with the required voltage of load.

  Note that the MOS rangers Q1 to Q4 are not limited to MOS transistors but may be IGBTs. Moreover, what is necessary is just a switching element not only in these.

<Fifth Embodiment>
Subsequently, a fifth embodiment will be described. FIG. 16 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power transmission system 1e according to the fifth embodiment. The power transmission system 1e includes power transmission devices 100e-0, 100e-1, ... 100e-N (N is a positive integer) N power transmission devices 100e-n (n is 1 to N in this embodiment) Integer). The power transmission devices 100e-n are collectively referred to as a power transmission device 100e. In the present embodiment, processing of the power transmission device 100e will be described using an example in which a reefer container includes the power transmission device 100e.

FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power transmission device 100e according to the fifth embodiment. The same elements as those in FIG. 1 in the first embodiment and FIG. 12 in the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. The power transmission device 100 e includes a wireless power feeding unit 101 and a motor driving circuit 102.
The motor drive circuit 102 is a drive circuit that takes power from a commercial power source and drives the motor with an inverter circuit. The motor drive circuit 102 itself is a conventional motor drive circuit.

The wireless power supply unit 101 includes a CPU 111, a wireless communication unit 120 c, a first antenna unit 130 e, a second antenna unit 150 e, a battery 197, and a SW (switch) unit 200.
The CPU 111 has the same function as the control unit 110c in the third embodiment. The first antenna unit 130e includes a capacitor 131, an inductor 132, a voltage detection circuit 191, a current detection circuit 192, and a relay 160e. One end of the voltage detection circuit 191 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1, and the other end of the voltage detection circuit 191 is connected to one end of the current detection circuit 192. The other end of the current detection circuit 192 is connected to one end of the relay 160e. The other end of the relay 160e is connected to the A + terminal of the SW unit 200 and one end of the relay 170e. The voltage detection circuit 191 detects the voltage at one end of the capacitor C1. The current detection circuit 192 measures the current flowing from the voltage detection circuit 191 to the relay 160e. As an example, the relay 160e is disconnected by the CPU 111 when the motor drive circuit 102 at the same stage is connected to a commercial power source. The other relays 160e are closed. The relay 160e is a current disconnecting unit, and in this embodiment, the switching of the SW unit 200 is not synchronized with an inverter unit 230 described later of the motor drive circuit 102.

On the other hand, the second antenna unit 150e includes a relay 170e, a current detection circuit 195, a voltage detection circuit 196, a capacitor 151, and an inductor 152. The other end of the relay 170 e is connected to one end of the current detection circuit 195, and the other end of the current detection circuit 195 is connected to one end of the voltage detection circuit 196. The other end of the voltage detection circuit 196 is connected to one end of the capacitor 151.
The relay 170e included in the power transmission device located at the opposite end with respect to the power transmission device connected to the commercial power supply is open under the control of the CPU 111. In other power transmission apparatuses, the relay 170e is closed. The current detection circuit 195 detects a current.

The battery 197 is, for example, 0 to 700 Vrms, 0 to 30 Arms, and 50 kHz. The battery 197 supplies a driving voltage for driving each unit to the CPU 111 and the wireless communication unit 120c.
The SW unit 200 is branched and connected at a contact point S3 and a contact point S4 from a connection line of a later-described converter unit 220 of the motor drive circuit 102 and an inverter unit 230 described later. As a result, the SW unit 200 receives a DC voltage from the converter unit 220. For example, the SW unit 200 has a rated voltage of 1 kV at 50 kHz and a current of 40 A.

  The motor drive circuit 102 includes a noise filter 210, a converter unit 220, an inverter (power transistor) unit 230, a compressor (brushless DC motor or compressor) 240, a rotor magnetic pole position detection circuit 250, and a CPU (microcomputer) 260. A shunt resistor 271, a current detection circuit 272, a chopper control circuit 273, and an inverter control circuit 274.

The noise filter 210 reduces noise of an AC voltage (for example, 440 V, 50/60 Hz) supplied from a commercial power source, and supplies the noise reduction AC voltage obtained by the reduction to the converter unit 220.
The converter unit 220 converts the noise-reduced AC voltage supplied from the noise filter 210 into a DC voltage, and supplies the converted DC voltage to the inverter unit 230.
The inverter unit 230 converts the DC voltage into an AC voltage for driving the motor having a predetermined frequency (for example, 10 Hz), and supplies the converted AC voltage to the compressor 240.

The rotor magnetic pole position detection circuit 250 detects the position of the magnetic pole of the rotor of the compressor 240 and outputs position information indicating the detected position to the CPU 260.
One end of the shunt resistor (current detection resistor) 271 is connected to the negative output terminal of the converter unit 220, and the other end of the shunt resistor (current detection resistor) 271 is connected to the negative input terminal of the inverter unit 230. The shunt resistor (current detection resistor) 271 generates a voltage that is generated according to the current flowing from the negative output terminal of the converter unit 220 to the negative input terminal of the inverter unit 230.

The current detection circuit 272 detects the value of the current flowing from the negative output terminal of the converter unit 220 to the negative input terminal of the inverter unit 230 from the voltage applied across the shunt resistor (current detection resistor) 271. The current detection circuit 272 supplies current value information indicating the detected current value to the CPU 260.
The CPU 260 controls the chopper control circuit 273 and the inverter control circuit 274. The chopper control circuit 273 performs PWM (Pulse Width Modulation Control) control on the inverter control circuit 274.
The inverter control circuit 274 controls the inverter unit 230 according to the PWM control from the chopper control circuit 273.

The converter unit 220 includes a reactor L1, a capacitor C5, diodes D5 to D8, a capacitor C6, and a capacitor C7. The reactor L1 and the capacitor C5 constitute a parallel circuit. One end of the reactor L1 and one end of the capacitor C5 are connected to the noise filter 210, and one end of the reactor L1 and the other end of the capacitor C5 are the positive side of the diode D5, the negative side of the diode D6, the positive side of the diode D7, and the diode D8. It is connected to the negative side.
One end (+ end) of the capacitor C6 is connected to the negative side of the diode D5, the negative side of the diode D7, and one end of the inverter unit 230. The other end (− end) of the capacitor C6 is connected to one end (+ end) of the capacitor C7, the other end of the noise filter 210, and the A− terminal of the SW unit 200 via the contact S5. The other end (− end) of the capacitor C7 is connected to the plus side of the diode D6 and the plus side of the diode D8.

  Next, processing of the power transmission device 100e will be described. The bottom leafer container takes energy from a commercial power source, and the converter unit 220 of the bottom leafer container supplies a DC voltage to the inverter unit 230 of the device itself. At the same time, converter unit 220 sends a DC voltage to SW unit 200 via the branched power supply line. The DC voltage generated by the converter unit 220 at this time is the maximum voltage that can be generated by the commercial power supply.

As a result, the SW unit 200 converts the DC voltage supplied from the converter unit 220 into a desired voltage by pulse width modulation (PWM), and the converted voltage between the A + terminal and the A− terminal of the SW unit 200. Supply. As a result, the SW unit 200 can supply the converted voltage to the second antenna unit 150e.
When the upper reefer container does not receive power supply directly from the commercial power supply, the wireless power supply unit 101 provided in the upper reefer container supplies the voltage shown in the first embodiment to the inverter unit 230 in the same stage. . The inverter unit 230 performs inverter control using the voltage so that a desired axial force can be obtained.

  In FIG. 17, the power supply 140-e (not shown) may include the motor drive circuit 102 excluding the SW unit 200 and the compressor 240.

  Next, an example of the circuit of the SW unit 200 will be described. FIG. 18 is an example of a circuit of the SW unit 200. In the figure, the SW unit 200 includes power MOS transistors Q5 to Q8, diodes D5 to D8, a current detection unit 201, and a voltage detection unit 202. Q5 to Q8 are p, n, n, and p channel MOS transistors, respectively.

  The connection relationship of the circuit of the SW unit 200 is as follows. The plus side of the diode D5 is connected to the minus side of the diode D7 and the DC + terminal (see FIG. 17). The negative side of the diode D5 is connected to the drain of the power MOS transistor Q5. The gates of the power MOS transistors Q5 to Q8 are connected to the CPU 111. The source of the power MOS transistor Q5 is connected to the contact S6. The contact S6 is connected to the negative terminal of the current detection unit 201, the sources of the power MOS transistors Q5 and Q6, and the contact S7. The contact S7 is connected to the sources of the power MOS transistors Q7 and Q8. The drain of the power MOS transistor Q6 is connected to the positive side of the diode D6. The negative side of the diode D6 is connected to the positive side of the diode D8 and the DC− terminal (see FIG. 17).

  The negative side of the diode D7 is connected to the drain of the power MOS transistor Q7. The drain of the power MOS transistor Q8 is connected to the negative side of the diode D8. The current detection unit 201 has a positive side connected to the A + terminal (see FIG. 17) and one end of the voltage detection unit 202. The other end of the voltage detection unit 202 is connected to the A-terminal (see FIG. 17).

  The power MOS transistors Q5 and Q6 operate when power is sent to the second antenna unit 150e, and the power MOS transistors Q7 and Q8 operate when power is received. The ON / OFF control of Q5 to Q8 is performed by the CPU 111 provided in the own container while adjusting the phase in cooperation with the CPU provided in the other container in the figure.

  FIG. 19 is a table showing the function when each power MOS transistor is ON. However, the power MOS transistors Q5 to Q8 are all in the OFF state, or only one is in the ON state, and two or more are not simultaneously turned on. When power is transmitted to the second antenna unit 150e, if the capacitor C6 is discharged, the CPU 111 turns on the power MOS transistor Q5 and turns off the other power MOS transistors Q6 to Q8. When power is transmitted to the second antenna unit 150e, if the capacitor C7 is discharged, the power MOS transistor Q6 is turned on and the other power MOS transistors Q5, Q7, Q8 are turned off. .

  On the other hand, when receiving power from the first antenna unit 130e, if the capacitor C6 is charged, the CPU 111 turns on the power MOS transistor Q7 and turns off the other power MOS transistors Q5, Q6, and Q8. Put it in a state. When the capacitor C7 is charged when receiving power from the first antenna unit 130e, the CPU 111 turns on the power MOS transistor Q8 and turns off the other power MOS transistors Q5 to Q7. To do.

  As described above, in the fifth embodiment, the lowermost leafer container takes energy from the commercial power source, and the converter unit 220 of the lowermost leafer container supplies a DC voltage to the inverter unit 230 included in the apparatus itself. At the same time, converter unit 220 sends a DC voltage to SW unit 200 via the branched power supply line. As a result, the SW unit 200 converts the DC voltage supplied from the converter unit 220 into a desired voltage by pulse width modulation (PWM), and the converted voltage between the A + terminal and the A− terminal of the SW unit 200. Supply. As a result, the SW unit 200 can supply the converted voltage to the second antenna unit 150e.

  When the upper reefer container is not directly supplied with power from the commercial power supply, the wireless power feeding unit 101 provided in the upper reefer container has the inverter unit 230 provided with the voltage shown in the first embodiment in the upper reefer container. To supply. The inverter unit 230 performs inverter control using the voltage so that a desired axial force can be obtained. Thereby, the compressor 240 of the upper reefer container can be driven.

  Subsequently, a modification of the fifth embodiment will be described. In the motor drive circuit 102 of FIG. 17, the voltage of the inverter unit 230 is a fixed value, and the control is simple and stable. Therefore, it may be more desirable than the system in which the voltage changes as in the first embodiment or the second embodiment. Therefore, for example, the CPU 111 provided in the power transmission device 100e-0 fixes the voltage at each stage and changes the voltage phase difference. Here, if the absolute value of the voltage common to each stage is V ≧ 0, the power −Power [n] consumed in each stage where n ≧ 1 is expressed by the following equation (15). Here, since Power [n] is the energy to be generated, the consumed power is expressed as -Power [n]).

^{-Power [n] = V 2 /} Xsin (φ n -φ n-1) -V 2 / Xsin (φ n + 1 -φ n)
^{= V 2 / X {sin (} φ n -φ n-1) -sin (φ n + 1 -φ n)} ... (15)

Here, X is the reactance of each first antenna part or each second antenna part, and φ _n is the voltage phase of the nth stage. The first term in the first stage of equation (15) is the power received by each power transmission device 100d-n from the previous stage, and the second term is the power transmitted to the next stage. When n = N, there is no second term. Here, since the energy Power [n] is consumed by the n-th stage power transmission device 100d-n, since the energy Power [n] is 0 or more, the following equation (16) is established.

sin (φ _n −φ _n−1 ) −sin (φ _{n + 1} −φ _n ) ≧ 0 1 ≦ n ≦ N−1
sin (φ _n −φ _n−1 ) ≧ 0 n = N Equation (16)

From this, transmission is set to n = 0, and 1 ≧ sin (φ _n −φ _n−1 ) ≧ sin (φ _{n + 1} −φ _n ) ≧ 0 is satisfied for all _n . That is, every time the energy transmission stage is the front stage, the sine of the phase difference obtained by subtracting the phase of the voltage generated by the previous stage supply unit from the phase of the voltage generated by the target stage supply unit passes through the number of stages of the target stage. It decreases gradually.

  For example, the CPU 111 included in the power transmission device 100e-0 in the foremost stage controls the power supply (supply section) 140-n so that the absolute values of the voltages generated by the power supplies (supply sections) 140-n in all stages are equal. . On the other hand, for example, the CPU 111 included in the power transmission device 100e-0 in the forefront stage uses the energy transmission stage as the forefront stage, and the voltage generated by the front stage supply unit from the phase of the voltage generated by the target stage supply unit. Each power supply (supply unit) 140-n is controlled so as to change the phase difference so that the sine of the phase difference obtained by subtracting the phase decreases sequentially each time the number of target stages passes.

  As described above, in the modification of the fifth embodiment, the absolute values of the voltages generated by the power supplies (supply units) 140-n in all stages are equal. On the other hand, the sine of the phase difference obtained by subtracting the phase of the voltage generated by the supply unit of the previous stage from the phase of the voltage generated by the supply unit of the target stage, with the energy transmission stage as the front stage, represents the number of stages of the target stage. It decreases sequentially as it passes.

<Sixth Embodiment>
Subsequently, a sixth embodiment will be described. In a method in which the phase of the power supply is shifted by 90 ° every time the number of stages of the power transmission device passes, it may be difficult to operate the load with the received voltage because the required voltage varies depending on the load. For this purpose, there is a method of changing the phase while keeping the required voltage constant, but this method is inefficient because the voltage is increased more than necessary. Therefore, this embodiment solves that problem.

  FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power transmission system 1f according to the sixth embodiment. The power transmission system 1f includes N leafer containers 10f-n (N is an integer from 1 to N in this embodiment) up to leafer containers 10f-0, 10f-1, ... 10f-N (N is a positive integer). ). Each leafer container 10f-n includes a power transmission device 100f-n having the same index value. Each power transmission device 100f-n is collectively referred to as a power transmission device 100f. In the sixth embodiment, as an example, the leafer containers 10f-n are stacked in ascending order of the index n, the leafer container 10f-0 is installed at the bottom, and the leafer container 10f-n is at the top. is set up.

  FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power transmission device 100f according to the sixth embodiment. The same elements as those in FIGS. 13 and 17 in the fourth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. The power transmission device 100f includes a control unit 110f, a wireless communication unit 120f-n, a first antenna unit 130f, a first variable capacitance switch unit 165, a second antenna unit 150f, a capacitor 145, a DC power supply 140f, and an inverter power supply 230f. And a load 144-n. The first variable capacitance switch unit 165 includes a capacitor 134, a capacitor 135, a first switch unit 161, and a second switch unit 164. The second variable capacitance switch unit 175 includes a capacitor 154, a capacitor 155, a third switch unit 171, and a fourth switch unit 174. The DC power supply 140f includes a noise filter 210 and a converter unit 220. The first antenna unit 130f includes an inductor 132. The second antenna unit 150f includes an inductor 152. The first variable capacitance switch unit 165 and the second variable capacitance switch unit 175 have a high-speed switching function.

Each of the wireless communication units 120f-n has the same configuration as that of the corresponding wireless communication unit 120d-n in the fourth embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. The inverter power supply 230f has the same configuration as that of the inverter unit 230 in FIG. Moreover, the optimal range of the voltage concerning load 144-n is the range of 345V-690V as an example.
The first variable capacitance switch unit 165 switches the capacitance connected in parallel to the inductor 132 serving as the first antenna unit. The second variable capacitance switch unit 175 switches the capacitance connected to the inductor 152 as the second antenna unit.

  The control unit 110f has the same function as the control unit 110d-n in the fourth embodiment, but differs in the following points. The control unit 110f outputs a control signal for controlling the switch to the first switch unit 161, the second switch unit 164, the third switch unit 171, and the fourth switch unit 174.

One end of the capacitor 134 is connected to one end of the inductor 132 and one end of the capacitor 135. The other end of the capacitor 134 is connected to the A terminal of the first switch unit 161. The capacity | capacitance of the capacitor | condenser 134 is 2C / 3 as an example.
One end of the capacitor 135 is connected to one end of the inductor 132 and the capacitor 134. The other end of the capacitor 135 is connected to the A terminal of the second switch unit 164. The capacity of the capacitor 135 is C / 3 as an example.

  The A terminal of the first switch unit 161 is connected to the capacitor 134. The B terminal of the first switch unit 161 is connected to the B terminal of the second switch unit 164, one end of the capacitor 145, the B ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171, and the B ′ terminal of the fourth switch unit 174. The C terminal of the first switch unit 161 is the other end of the inductor 132, the C terminal of the second switch unit 164, the other end of the capacitor 145, the C ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171 and the C ′ terminal of the fourth switch unit 174. , And the other end of the inductor 152.

  The A terminal of the second switch unit 164 is connected to the capacitor 135. The B terminal of the second switch unit 164 is connected to the B terminal of the first switch unit 161, one end of the capacitor 145, the B ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171, and the B ′ terminal of the fourth switch unit 174. The C terminal of the first switch unit 164 includes the other end of the inductor 132, the C terminal of the first switch unit 161, the other end of the capacitor 145, the C ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171 and the C ′ terminal of the fourth switch unit 174. , And the other end of the inductor 152.

  The A ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171 is connected to the capacitor 154. The B ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171 is connected to the B terminal of the first switch unit 161, the B terminal of the second switch unit 164, one end of the capacitor 145, and the B ′ terminal of the fourth switch unit 174. The C ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171 is the other end of the inductor 132, the C terminal of the first switch unit 161, the C terminal of the second switch unit 164, the other end of the capacitor 145, and the C ′ terminal of the third switch unit 174. , And the other end of the inductor 152.

  The A ′ terminal of the fourth switch unit 174 is connected to the capacitor 155. The B ′ terminal of the fourth switch unit 174 is connected to the B terminal of the first switch unit 161, the B terminal of the second switch unit 164, one end of the capacitor 145, and the B ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171. The C ′ terminal of the fourth switch unit 174 is the other end of the inductor 132, the C terminal of the first switch unit 161, the C terminal of the second switch unit 164, the other end of the capacitor 145, and the C ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171. , And the other end of the inductor 152.

One end of the capacitor 154 is connected to the A ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171. On the other hand, the other end of the capacitor 154 is connected to the other end of the capacitor 155 and the inductor 152. The capacity of the capacitor 154 is 2C / 3 as an example.
One end of the capacitor 155 is connected to the A ′ terminal of the fourth switch unit 174. On the other hand, the other end of the capacitor 155 is connected to the other end of the capacitor 154 and the inductor 152. The capacity of the capacitor 155 is C / 3 as an example.

  The capacitor 145 is provided to smooth the voltage. One end of the capacitor 145 is connected to the B terminal of the first switch unit 161 and the B ′ terminal of the third switch unit 171. The other end of the capacitor 145 is connected to the inductor 132 and the inductor 152.

FIG. 22 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the configuration of the first switch unit 161. The first switch unit 161 includes a first transistor 162 and a second transistor 163. The first transistor 162 is a pMOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) as an example. In the first transistor 162 in the case of lower than the potential of the voltage input to the gate G through the D ₁ terminal predetermined level (L), the source (S) and drain (D) is conductive. The state in which the source (S) and the drain (D) are conducted is also referred to as an ON state. As a result of the transition to the ON state, the capacitor 134 is inserted in series between one end of the inductor 132 and one end of the capacitor 145 in FIG. On the other hand, as a result of the transition to the OFF state, the capacitor 134 is inserted in parallel with the inductor 132 in FIG.

The second transistor 163 in FIG. 22 is an nMOSFET as an example. In the second transistor 163, if higher than the potential voltage input to the gate G via a D ₂ terminal predetermined level (H), the source (S) and drain (D) is conductive. The state in which the source (S) and the drain (D) are conducted is also referred to as an ON state. As a result of the transition to the ON state, the capacitor 135 is inserted in series between one end of the inductor 132 and one end of the capacitor 145 in FIG. On the other hand, as a result of the transition to the OFF state, the capacitor 135 is inserted in parallel with the inductor 132 in FIG.
Note that the configuration of the second switch unit 164 is the same as the configuration of the first switch unit 161, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 23 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the third switch unit 171. The third switch unit 171 includes a third transistor 172 and a fourth transistor 173. The third transistor 172 is an nMOSFET as an example. In the third transistor 172, when the voltage input to the gate G through the D ₁ 'terminal is at a high level (H) higher than a predetermined potential, the source (S) and the drain (D) are brought into conduction and turned on. Become. As a result of the transition to the ON state, the capacitor 154 is inserted in series between one end of the inductor 152 and one end of the capacitor 145 in FIG. On the other hand, as a result of the transition to the OFF state, the capacitor 154 is inserted in parallel with the inductor 152 in FIG.

The fourth transistor 173 in FIG. 23 is a pMOSFET as an example. In the fourth transistor 173, when the voltage input to the gate G through the D ₁ 'terminal is at a low level (L) lower than a predetermined potential, the source (S) and the drain (D) are brought into conduction and turned on. Become. As a result of the transition to the ON state, the capacitor 155 is inserted in series between one end of the inductor 152 and one end of the capacitor 145 in FIG. On the other hand, as a result of the transition to the OFF state, the capacitor 155 is inserted in parallel with the inductor 152 in FIG. Note that the configuration of the fourth switch unit 174 is the same as the configuration of the third switch unit 171, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

For example, the control unit 110f of the power transmission device 100f-0 included in Rifa container 10f-0 which is installed at the bottom includes a first switch unit 161 both _{D 1} voltage high level of the terminal of the second switch unit 164 Set to (H). Thereby, since the control unit 110f does not conduct the A terminal and the B terminal in both the first switch unit 161 and the second switch unit 164, a current is supplied to the inductor 132 included in the power transmission device 100f-0 not related to energy transmission. The supply of the inductor 132 can be stopped, and the energization of the inductor 132 can be stopped. Similarly, for example, the control unit 110f of the most are placed on a Rifa container 10f-n comprises the power transmission device 100f-n includes a third switching unit 171 both the _{D 1} voltage terminal of the fourth switch unit 174 Is set to a low level (L). As a result, the control unit 110f does not connect the A terminal and the B terminal in both the third switch unit 171 and the fourth switch unit 174, so that a current is supplied to the inductor 152 included in the power transmission device 100f-0 not related to energy transmission. The supply of the inductor 152 can be stopped, and the energization of the inductor 152 can be stopped.

FIG. 24 is a schematic equivalent circuit of the power transmission system 1f when the power transmission system 1f has four stages. The schematic equivalent circuit of the power transmission system 1f includes equivalent circuits of the power transmission devices 100f-0 to 100f-4. The equivalent circuit of the power transmission device 100f-0 includes a parallel circuit in which a capacitor 303 having a capacitance C ₀ ′ and an inductor 304 having an inductance L are connected in parallel, a capacitor 302 having a capacitance C ₀ ″, and a voltage of E _This is a circuit in which a power supply 301 of high frequency (for example, 50 kHz) of ₀ (execution value) is connected in series.

In the equivalent circuit of the power transmission device 100f-1, one end of an inductor 311 of inductance L is, capacity one end and the capacitance of the capacitor 312 of the _{C 1} 'is connected to one end of the capacitor 313 of the _{C 1} ". Capacitor 313 Are connected to one end of a high frequency (for example, 50 kHz) power source 314 having a voltage (effective value) E ₁ and one end of a capacitor 315 having a capacitance C ₁ ″. The other end of the capacitor 315 is connected to one end of a capacitor 316 having a capacitance C ₁ ′ and one end of an inductor 317 having an inductance L. The other end of the capacitor 316 is connected to the other end of the inductor 311, the other end of the capacitor 312, the other end of the power source 314, and the other end of the inductor 317. In FIG. 24, for example, the capacitors 313 and 315 have the same capacity, and the capacitors 312 and 316 have the same capacity. This is easy to control because there are few control parameters, but they may be different from each other.

In the equivalent circuit of the power transmission device 100f-2, one end of an inductor 321 of inductance L is, capacity one end and the capacitance of the capacitor 322 of the _{C 2} 'is connected to one end of the capacitor 323 of the _{C 2} ". Capacitor 323 Are connected to one end of a high frequency (for example, 50 kHz) power source 324 having a voltage (effective value) E ₂ and one end of a capacitor 325 having a capacitance of C ₂ ″. The other end of the capacitor 325 is connected to one end of a capacitor 326 having a capacitance C ₂ ′ and one end of an inductor 327 having an inductance L. The other end of the capacitor 326 is connected to the other end of the inductor 321, the other end of the capacitor 322, the other end of the power source 324, and the other end of the inductor 327.

In the equivalent circuit of the power transmission device 100f-3, a parallel circuit inductance inductor 331 and the capacitance of the L is connected in parallel with the capacitor 322 is _{C 3} ', capacity and condenser 333 of the _{C 3} ", the voltage E ₃ (effective value) of a high frequency (for example, 50 kHz) power source 334 is connected in series.

FIG. 25 is an equivalent circuit representing the schematic equivalent circuit of FIG. 24 in another form. The equivalent circuit of the power transmission system 1f in the figure includes equivalent circuits of the power transmission devices 100f-0 to 100f-4. The equivalent circuit of Figure 25, as compared to the schematic equivalent circuit of FIG. 24, inductor eliminates inserted capacitor in parallel, the inductor to increase their capacity of the capacitor which is inserted in series min, the voltage E _n of the power supply The voltage E _n ′ is changed. Here, the voltage E _n ′ is E _n C _n ″ / (C _n ′ + C _n ″).

Specifically, a power supply 301b, a capacitor 302b, and an inductor 304 are connected in series in an equivalent circuit of the power transmission device 100f-0.
In the equivalent circuit, one end of an inductor 311 and one end of a capacitor 313b are connected to the power transmission device 100f-1. The other end of the capacitor 313b is connected to one end of the power source 314b and one end of the capacitor 315b. The other end of the inductor 311 and the other end of the power source 314b are connected. The other end of the capacitor 315b is connected to one end of the inductor 317. The other end of the inductor 317 is connected to the other end of the power source 314 b and the other end of the inductor 311.

In the equivalent circuit, one end of an inductor 321 and one end of a capacitor 323b are connected to the power transmission device 100f-2. The other end of the capacitor 323b is connected to one end of the power source 324b and one end of the capacitor 325b. Further, the other end of the inductor 321 and the other end of the power source 324b are connected. The other end of the capacitor 315b is connected to one end of the inductor 327. The other end of the inductor 327 is connected to the other end of the power source 324 b and the other end of the inductor 321.
In an equivalent circuit of the power transmission device 100f-3, an inductor 331, a capacitor 333b, and a power source 334b are connected in series.

FIG. 26 is a table showing an example of required transmission power, the optimum power supply voltage, and the optimum current when the power transmission system 1f includes a four-stage power transmission device. In the same figure, the power supply voltage (hereinafter also referred to as the optimum voltage) E _n ′ and the current I _n ′ flowing from the power supply in the equivalent circuit of FIG. 25 when the transmission efficiency is maximized are shown. In the figure, two cases of case (Case) 0 and case (Case) 1 are shown. The transmission power indicates that power is supplied with a positive value, and indicates that power is received with a negative value. Therefore, the power transmission device 100f-0 having an index n of 0 supplies power, and the other power transmission devices 100f-1 to 100f-3 receive the power. The current makes the current flowing out to the load 144-n positive.

The maximum voltage in case 1 in the figure is 670V, and the minimum voltage in case 2 is 134V. This voltage range is the input voltage range to the load 144-n. As a result, depending on the order in which the leafer containers are packed, the input voltage to the load 144-n is 134V at the minimum and 670V at the maximum. Since the inverter 230 is connected to the load 144-n, it can cope with a change in the input voltage to some extent, but it is difficult to follow a large voltage change from 670V to 134V.
Therefore, the control unit 110f in the present embodiment controls the first switch unit 161 and the second switch unit 164 in accordance with the number of stages (index n), and changes the capacitance C1 ′ of the capacitor parallel to the inductor 132. Further, the control unit 110f controls the third switch unit 171 and the fourth switch unit 174 in accordance with the number of stages (index n) to change the capacitance C2 ′ of the capacitor parallel to the inductor 152.

27, the optimal voltage E _{n ',} which is an example of a set of the capacitance of each capacitor, and the input voltage E _n of the load. In the figure, 'If the 115～230V, capacitance _{C n} "is (1/3) C, capacitor _{C n'} optimum voltage _{E n} is (2/3) C, the input voltage _{E n} of the load 345~690V This indicates that the input voltage E _{n of the} load is E _n ′ = E _n C _n ″ / (C _n ′ + C _n ″) and the optimum voltage E _n ′ = 115 or 230 V, the capacity This is obtained by substituting C _n ″ = (1/3) C and capacitance C _n ′ = (2/3) C.

Next, processing of the control unit 110f will be described using the example of FIG. For example, when the optimum voltage E _n ′ is 115 to 230 V, the control unit 110 f sets the first switch unit 161 in the OFF state and the second switch unit 164 in the ON state, and sets the capacitor connected in series to the inductor 132. The capacitance C _n ″ is C / 3, and the capacitance C _n ′ of the capacitor connected in parallel to the inductor 132 is 2C / 3. Further, the control unit 110f turns off the third switch unit 171 and the fourth switch unit. 174 is turned on, and the capacity C _n ″ of the capacitor connected in series with the inductor 152 is C / 3, and the capacity C _n ′ of the capacitor connected in parallel with the inductor 132 is 2C / 3.

For example, when the optimum voltage E _n ′ is 230 to 460 V, the control unit 110 f sets the first switch unit 161 to the ON state and the second switch unit 164 to the OFF state, and sets the capacitor connected in series to the inductor 132. The capacitance C _n ″ is 2C / 3, and the capacitance C _n ′ of the capacitor connected in parallel to the inductor 132 is C / 3. Further, the control unit 110f turns on the third switch unit 171 and the fourth switch unit. 174 is turned off, and the capacitance C _n ″ of the capacitor connected in series with the inductor 152 is 2C / 3, and the capacitance C _n ′ of the capacitor connected in parallel with the inductor 132 is C / 3.

For example, when the optimum voltage E _n ′ is 460 to 690 V, the control unit 110 f sets the first switch unit 161 to the ON state and the second switch unit 164 to the ON state, and sets the capacitor connected in series to the inductor 132. The capacitance C _n ″ is C, and the capacitance C _n ′ of the capacitor connected in parallel to the inductor 132 is 0. Further, the control unit 110f turns on the third switch unit 171 and turns on the fourth switch unit 174. The capacitance C _n ″ of the capacitor connected in series with the inductor 152 is C, and the capacitance C _n ′ of the capacitor connected in parallel with the inductor 152 is 0. In this way, the input voltage _{E n} of the load can be set from 345V in the range of 690V.

  Hereinafter, the principle of changing the voltage applied to the input terminal of the inverter power supply 230f will be described by taking the inductor 311 to power supply 314 portion of FIG. 24 as an example. For example, the control unit 110f makes the power transmission device 100f-n closer to a series resonance circuit of the inductor 132 and the capacitor by reducing the capacitance C1 'of the capacitor parallel to the inductor 132 in FIG. In FIG. 24, in the series resonance circuit, a voltage having the opposite sign to the voltage applied to the inductor 311 is applied to the capacitor 313. Therefore, even if the voltage applied to the inductor 311 is large, the voltage applied to the power supply 314 is reduced and consequently applied to the inverter input terminal. The voltage becomes smaller.

  On the other hand, for example, the control unit 110f increases the capacitance C1 ′ of the capacitor in parallel with the inductor 132 in FIG. 21 (for example, the capacitance C1 ′ is C), thereby changing the power transmission device 100f-n to the inductor 132 and the capacitor. Parallel resonant circuit. In FIG. 24, in the parallel resonance circuit, the capacitor 313 for canceling the voltage applied to the inductor 311 is eliminated or the capacity thereof is reduced as described above, so that the voltage applied to the inductor 311 is equal to the voltage applied directly to the power supply 314. For this reason, the voltage applied to the power source 314 can be relatively increased as compared with the case of the series resonance circuit.

As described above, in the sixth embodiment, the control unit 110f refers to the optimum voltage applied to the input terminal of the inverter power supply 230f, controls the first switch unit 161 and the second switch unit 164, and is parallel to the inductor 132. changing the capacitance C _{n "of} capacitors connected in series to the capacitor Cn 'and the inductor 132 of the capacitor connected to. the control unit 110f controls the third switch 171 and fourth switch 174 Thus, referring to the optimum voltage applied to the load 144-n, the capacitance C _n ′ of the capacitor connected in parallel to the inductor 152 and the capacitance C _n ″ of the capacitor connected in series to the inductor 132 are changed. Thereby, since the control part 110f can make the input voltage of load 140-n into the predetermined range, it can supply a suitable voltage to load. As a result, for example, when the load is a motor, the controller 110f can appropriately drive the motor.

  From this, in the power transmission device 100f-n in the sixth embodiment, the first variable capacitance switch unit 165 switches the capacitance connected in parallel to the first antenna unit 130f. The second variable capacitance switch unit 175 switches the capacitance connected in parallel to the second antenna unit 150f. The control unit 110f controls switching by the first variable capacitance switch unit 165 and switching by the second variable capacitance switch unit 175 in accordance with the number of stages of the power transmission device 100f-n including the control unit 110f.

In the present embodiment, the number of capacitors that can be inserted in parallel with the inductor 132 or the inductance 152 is two. However, the number is not limited to this, and may be one or three or more. When the number of capacitors is U, for example, the capacitance of the U capacitors is preferably 2 ⁰ / (2 ^U −1),..., 2 ^U−1 / (2 ^U −1). Thereby, the control unit 110f can change the capacitance of the capacitor that can be inserted in parallel with the inductor 132 or the inductance 152 in units of 1 / (2 ^U −1).

Further, when the optimum voltage E _n ′ is 0 to 115 V, the following may be performed. The control unit 110f sets the capacitor capacity connected in series to 0 and makes all the capacitors in parallel. By doing so, the control unit 110f can completely disconnect the coil and the power source. The control unit 110f continues this state for a certain period of time that is an integral multiple of the high-frequency period, and sets the capacity of the series capacitor to 1 / 3C for the remaining time. The controller 110f repeats this state at short time intervals and performs ON / OFF control of the load (motor) 144-n.

  FIG. 28 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power transmission system 1g according to a modification of the sixth embodiment. The power transmission system 1g includes leafer containers 281 to 284, a power supply container 285, and a pulley 286. In FIG. 20, the leafer containers are stacked vertically with respect to the ground, whereas in this modification, the leafer containers 281 to 284 and the power supply container 285 are arranged in parallel to the ground. In FIG. 28, a plurality of leafer containers 281 to 284 are installed on a freight car 286 of a freight train mounted on a rail 287, and one of them is a power container 285 on which a large capacity battery and an engine generator are mounted. In the figure, as an example, the length of the gap between the containers is 0.33 m, and the length from the end of the leafer container 281 to the end of the leafer container 284 is 19.6 m. Note that the length of the gap between the containers and the length from the end of the leafer container 281 to the end of the leafer container 284 are not limited to this.

  The power supply container 285 supplies power to the leafer container 282. The leafer container 282 supplies power to the leafer container 281 using the supplied power. Further, the power supply container 285 supplies power to the leafer container 283. The leafer container 283 supplies power to the leafer container 284 using the supplied power source. By doing in this way, electric power can be supplied from the power supply container 285 to the leafer containers 281 to 284. As a result, there is a merit that it is not necessary to remodel an existing container freight car or to connect a power source when the container is mounted.

  By recording a program for executing each process of the control unit or CPU 111 of each embodiment on a computer-readable recording medium, and causing the computer system to read and execute the program recorded on the recording medium. The above-described various processes relating to the control unit or the CPU 111 may be performed.

  Here, the “computer system” may include an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices. Further, the “computer system” includes a homepage providing environment (or display environment) if a WWW system is used. The “computer-readable recording medium” means a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, a writable nonvolatile memory such as a flash memory, a portable medium such as a CD-ROM, a hard disk built in a computer system, etc. This is a storage device.

  Further, the “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a volatile memory (for example, DRAM (Dynamic) in a computer system serving as a server or a client when a program is transmitted via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. Random Access Memory)) that holds a program for a certain period of time is also included. The program may be transmitted from a computer system storing the program in a storage device or the like to another computer system via a transmission medium or by a transmission wave in the transmission medium. Here, the “transmission medium” for transmitting the program refers to a medium having a function of transmitting information, such as a network (communication network) such as the Internet or a communication line (communication line) such as a telephone line. The program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above. Furthermore, what can implement | achieve the function mentioned above in combination with the program already recorded on the computer system, what is called a difference file (difference program) may be sufficient.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was explained in full detail with reference to drawings, a specific structure is not restricted to this embodiment. Each configuration in each embodiment, a combination thereof, and the like are examples, and the addition, omission, replacement, and other changes of the configuration can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Further, the present invention is not limited by the embodiments, and is limited only by the scope of the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1f, 1g Electric power transmission system 10-0, 10-1, 10-2, 10f-0, 10f-1, 10f-2, ..., 10f-N Leafer container 100, 100-0, 100-1, 100 -2, 100-3, 100-4, 100-5, 100-6, 100c-0, 100c-1, 100c-2, 100d-0, 100d-1, 100d-2, 100d-3, 100d-4 , 100e-0, 100e-1, ..., 100e-N, 100f-1, 100f-2, ..., 100f-N power transmission devices 110-0 to 110-3, 110d-0 to 110d-4, 110f control unit 111, 260 CPU
120-0, 120-1, 120-2, 120-3, 120-4, ..., 120-6, 120c-0, 120c-1, 120c-2, 120f-n Wireless communication unit 130-0, 130- 1, 130-2, 130-3, 130e, 130f First antenna portion 131-0 to 131-4, 151-0 to 151-4 Capacitors 132, 132-0 to 132-4, 152-0 to 152 4 Inductors 133-1 to 133-3, 153-0 to 153-2 Parasitic resistance 134 Capacitor 135 Capacitor 140-0, 140-1, 140-2, 140-3,..., 140-6, 140d-0, 140d -1, 140d-2, 140d-3, 140d-4 Power supply (supply unit)
140f DC power supply 140f
141-0, 141-1 first circuit 143-0, 143-1 second circuit (converter circuit)
144-0, 144-1, 144-2, 144-3, 144-4, 144-n Load 145 Capacitor 150-0, 150-1, 150-2, 150e, 150f Second antenna portion 152 Inductor 154 Capacitor 155 Capacitors 160-0, 160-1, 160-2, 160e Relay 161 First switch unit 162 First transistor 163 Second transistor 164 Second switch unit 165 First variable capacitance switch unit 170-0, 170-1, 170-2, 170e Relay 171 3rd switch part 172 3rd transistor 173 4th transistor 174 4th switch part 175 2nd variable capacity | capacitance switch part 180-0, 180-1, 180-2 DC refrigerator 191, 196 Voltage Detection circuit 192, 195, 272 Current detection times 197 Battery 200 SW (switch) section 201 current detection unit 202 voltage detection unit 210 a noise filter 220 converter 230 inverter (power transistor) unit 230f Inverter Power 240 compressor (brushless DC motor or compressor)
271 Shunt resistance 273 Chopper control circuit 274 Inverter control circuit 281 282 283 284 Leafa container 285 Power supply container 286 Pulley

Claims (22)

A power transmission system comprising a plurality of power transmission devices arranged in a substantially line,
The power transmission device is:
A first antenna unit that receives energy via an alternating magnetic field generated by the power transmission device in the previous stage;
A second antenna unit that transmits the energy received by the first antenna unit to the next-stage power transmission device using an alternating magnetic field;
A supply unit that is inserted between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit and capable of supplying voltage or current to a load based on energy received by the first antenna unit;
A power transmission system comprising:   The voltage generated by the supply unit of each stage is different in at least one of amplitude or phase from the voltage generated by the supply unit of the previous stage, or the current generated by the supply unit of each stage is the supply unit of the previous stage The power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of an amplitude and a phase is different from a current generated by.   The voltage generated by each stage supply unit is 90 degrees ahead of the voltage generated by the previous stage supply unit, or the current generated by each stage supply unit is more in phase than the current generated by the previous stage supply unit. The power transmission system according to claim 2, wherein is delayed by 90 degrees. A power transmission device in a stage where one of the plurality of power transmission devices emits energy,
The voltage generated by the supply unit included in the power transmission device of the stage that emits energy is the absolute value of the imaginary part of the coupling impedance of the first antenna unit included in one of the adjacent power transmission devices and the second antenna unit included in the other The power transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the voltage is a voltage that is a constant multiple of a square root of a product of a sum of power required by a power transmission device other than the power transmission device in the stage that emits energy. .   The voltage generated by the supply unit included in the power transmission device of the stage that emits energy is the absolute value of the imaginary part of the coupling impedance of the first antenna unit included in one of the adjacent power transmission devices and the second antenna unit included in the other 5. The power transmission system according to claim 4, wherein the power transmission system substantially matches a square root of a product of a power sum required by a power transmission device other than the one power transmission device. In accordance with the power required by the power transmission device of each stage, a control unit that calculates a voltage value or a current value generated by a supply unit included in the power transmission device of the stage includes:
6. The power according to claim 1, wherein the supply unit included in each stage of the power transmission device generates a voltage or a current whose amplitude is the voltage value or the current value calculated by the control unit. Transmission system. The supply unit includes a plurality of switching elements,
The power transmission system according to claim 6, wherein the control unit determines the switching timing of the switching element so as to adjust a deviation of a voltage value between a voltage generated by the supply unit and a required voltage of the load.   The power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the supply unit is inserted in parallel to the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit.   The power transmission system according to claim 2, wherein absolute values of voltages generated by the supply units of all stages are equal.   The energy transmission stage is the front stage, and each time the sine of the phase difference obtained by subtracting the phase of the voltage generated by the previous stage supply unit from the phase of the voltage generated by the target stage supply unit passes through the number of stages of the target stage. The power transmission system according to claim 9, wherein the power transmission system decreases. The first antenna unit of the first power transmission device included in the plurality of power transmission devices is substantially parallel to the second antenna unit of the second power transmission device adjacent to the first power transmission device. Are located in
The second antenna unit of the first power transmission device is configured such that the first power transmission device adjacent to the first power transmission device at a position different from the second power transmission device is the first power transmission device. The power transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the power transmission system is disposed substantially parallel to the antenna unit. The power transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein resonance frequencies of the second antenna unit included in the power transmission device in the preceding stage and the first antenna unit included in the power transmission device are substantially equal. The power transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein containers including the power transmission device are arranged in a line. The first antenna unit includes a first inductor, and the second antenna unit includes a second inductor,
The containers are stacked sequentially in parallel with the direction of gravity,
14. The first inductor is installed on the floor of the container, the second inductor is installed on the ceiling of the container, and the second inductor is substantially parallel to the first inductor of the next container. The power transmission system described in 1. The load is a motor of a compressor that performs continuous control, and the supply unit includes a converter circuit that supplies a voltage to the compressor,
The power transmission system according to claim 13, wherein a fundamental frequency of a chopper waveform of the converter circuit is the same as a frequency of the AC magnetic field. The power transmission system according to claim 15, wherein the fundamental wave of the chopper waveform and the waveform of the alternating magnetic field are driven by a synchronized control signal. The power transmission system according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the supply unit at each stage can take power from a wired power line. The power transmission system according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the supply unit at each stage does not energize the first antenna unit or the second antenna unit that is not required for energy transmission.   The power transmission system according to any one of claims 13 to 18, further comprising a control unit configured to collect and display the container information on one of the plurality of containers. The power transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein power consumption units including the power transmission device are arranged in a substantially line. The power transmission device is:
A first variable capacitance switch unit that switches a capacitance connected to the first antenna unit;
And at least one of a second variable capacitance switch unit that switches a capacitance connected to the second antenna unit,
6. The control unit according to claim 1, further comprising: a control unit that controls at least one of switching by the first variable capacitance switch unit and switching by the second variable capacitance switch unit according to the number of stages of the power transmission device. The power transmission system according to claim 1. The power transmission device used in a power transmission system including a plurality of power transmission devices arranged in a line,
A first antenna unit that receives energy from an AC magnetic field from the preceding power transmission device;
A second antenna unit that transmits the energy received by the first antenna unit to the next-stage power transmission device using an alternating magnetic field;
A supply unit that is inserted between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit and capable of supplying voltage or current to a load based on energy received by the first antenna unit;
A power transmission device comprising:

Images