JP2014077969A - 対話システム及び対話システム向け発話の判別方法 - Google Patents
対話システム及び対話システム向け発話の判別方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】対話システム(100)は、発話を検出し、音声を認識する発話検出・音声認識部(101)と、発話の特徴を抽出する発話特徴抽出部(103)と、を備えている。前記発話特徴抽出部は、対象とする発話の長さ、対象とする発話と直前の発話との時間関係、及びシステム状態を含む特徴に基づいて、対象とする発話が前記対話システムに向けられたものであるかどうかを判別する。
【選択図】図1
Description
x1は入力された発話の長さを表す。単位は秒である。発話が長いほどユーザが意図して行った発話である可能性が高い。
特徴x2からx5は、対象とする現在の発話と直前の発話との時間関係を表す。x2は発話時間間隔(インターバル)であり、現在の発話の開始時刻と、その前のシステム発話の終了時刻との差と定義される。単位は秒とする。
x6はシステムの状態を表す。システムの状態は、直前のシステム発話が、ターン(発言権)を譲与するものである場合に1とし、ターンを保持する場合に0とする。
特徴x7からx11は、発話の表現中に、以下に挙げる表現が含まれていることを表す。x7は、「はい」、「いいえ」、「そうです」など、システムの発話に対する返答を表す表現11種類が含まれているときに1とする。x8は、「教えてください」などの要求の表現が含まれているときに1とする。x9は、システムによる一連の説明を中断させる、「おわり」という単語が含まれている場合に1とする。x10は、フィラーを表す「えーっと」や「へー」などの表現が含まれる場合に1とする。ここで、フィラーとは、対話中の話し手(ユーザ)の心的な情報処理操作を表す表現である。フィラーは人手で21種類を用意した。x11は、内容語を表す244後のどれかが含まれる場合を1、それ以外を0とする。内容語は、地域名や建物など、システムで使用される固有名詞である。
x12は、当該発話に対する音声認識結果と検証用音声認識器との間の、音響尤度差スコアの差である(Komatani, K., Fukubayashi, Y., Ogata, T., and Okuno, H. G.,: Introducing Utterance Verification in Spoken Dialogue System to Improve Dynamic Help Generation for Novice Users, in Proc. 8th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue, pp. 202-205 (2007))。検証用音声認識器の言語モデルには、julius ディクテーション実行キットに含まれる、ウェブから学習した言語モデル(語彙サイズ6万)を使用した。上記の差を発話長で正規化したものを本特徴とする。
特徴x1のみで判別を行う。これは、音声認識エンジンJuliusのオプション-rejectshotを用いる場合に相当し、簡便に実現できる方法であるため、ベースラインの一つとした。発話長の閾値は、学習データに対して判別精度が最高となるように定めた。具体的には、書き起こしに対しては1.10秒、音声認識結果に対しては1.58秒とし、それよりも発話長が長い場合を受諾とした。
表1に挙げた特徴をすべて用いて判別を行う。書き起こしの場合は、音声認識から得られる特徴(x12)以外をすべて用いる。
上記の「全特徴を用いる場合」から、音声対話システム特有の特徴、つまりx2からx6を使用しない場合である。この条件をもう一つのベースラインとした。
利用可能な全特徴に対して、backward stepwise feature selection による特徴選択(Kohavi, R., and John, G. H.: Wrappers for feature subset selection, Artificial Intelignce, Vol. 97, No. 1-2, pp. 273-324 (1997))を行った場合である。つまり、特徴を一つずつ取り除いて判別精度を計算し、判別精度が悪化しない場合はその特徴を取り除くという手順を、いずれの特徴を取り除いても判別精度が悪化するようになるまで繰り返した場合の結果である。
kmax=φ
であるかどうか判断する。判断の結果が肯定的であれば、処理を終了する。判断の結果が否定的であれば、ステップS2040に進む。
S=Sk_max
として、ステップS2010に戻る。ここで、Sk_maxは、現在の特徴集合から特徴番号kmaxの特徴を除外した特徴集合である。
Claims (5)
- 発話を検出し、音声を認識する発話検出・音声認識部と、発話の特徴を抽出する発話特徴抽出部と、を備えた対話システムであって、
前記発話特徴抽出部は、対象とする発話の長さ、対象とする発話と直前の発話との時間関係、及びシステム状態を含む特徴に基づいて、対象とする発話が前記対話システムに向けられたものであるかどうかを判別する対話システム。 - 前記特徴が発話内容及び音声認識結果から得る特徴をさらに含む請求項1に記載の対話システム。
- 前記発話特徴抽出部が、正規化した各特徴を説明変数とするロジスティック関数を使用して判別を行う請求項1または2に記載の対話システム。
- 前記発話検出・音声認識部が、発話間の無音区間が所定時間以下のものをマージして一発話とするように構成された請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の対話システム。
- 発話検出・音声認識部と、発話特徴抽出部と、を備えた対話システムが、発話が前記対話システムに向けられたものであるかどうかを判別する判別方法であって、
発話検出・音声認識部が発話を検出し、音声を認識するステップと、
前記発話特徴抽出部が対象とする発話の長さ、対象とする発話と直前の発話との時間関係、及びシステム状態を含む特徴に基づいて、対象とする発話が前記対話システムに向けられたものであるかどうかを判別するステップと、を含む判別方法。
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