JP2014065867A - Resin and production method of the same, and toner using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a resin and a production method of the resin exhibiting sufficient performances required to a toner, enhancing water resistance of an image and achieving good glossiness characteristics, and to provide a toner using the resin.SOLUTION: The resin comprises a polymeric compound (A) in which a structural unit derived from rosin is incorporated into the main chain; and the polymeric compound (A) has a structural unit at a chain terminal thereof, the structural unit derived from rosin having no polymerizable functional group. The structural unit derived from rosin at the chain terminal is preferably expressed by formula (IV). In the formula, Rand Rrepresent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; p and q represent an integer of 0 to 3; # represents a bond; and a ring with a broken line represents an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring.

Description

  The present invention relates to a resin, a method for producing the same, and a toner using the same.

  An electrophotographic method applied to a copy machine and the like is now widespread and can be used to instantly copy not only black and white images but also many good color images. This electrophotography is typically performed by the following apparatus and process (see FIG. 1). First, the surface of the photosensitive member (latent image holding member) 1 using a photoconductive substance is charged by the charging unit 8 and exposed to light L to form a latent image electrically. A toner image is formed by applying toner from the drum 3 stored in the toner supply chamber 2 to the latent image formed here. At this time, the toner 5 is charged to a charge opposite to that of the photoreceptor. Thereafter, the toner image is transferred onto the surface of a transfer medium such as paper 4 via an intermediate transfer body (not shown) as necessary. A desired image can be obtained by fixing the transfer image 51 by heating, pressurization, solvent vapor or the like. The toner remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor is cleaned by the cleaner 7 as necessary, and is used again for developing the toner image. Further, the photoconductor is neutralized by a static eliminator 9 to prepare for the next copy.

  In recent years, due to technological advances in the electrophotographic field, electrophotographic processes have been used not only for copying machines and printers but also for printing applications. In addition to speeding up and high reliability of the apparatus, it has been increasingly demanded that the copy has the same high image quality and hue as the printed material. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an attempt to reduce glossiness difference and unevenness in chemical toners.

JP 2008-165017 A JP 2011-26569 A JP 2011-74249 A International publication 2011/12595 pamphlet

  On the other hand, the toner contains a resin mainly composed of a polymer compound, and the influence on the environment relating to the production and supply thereof cannot be ignored. Since there is no external shape like a molded body, it tends to be overlooked, but there is a great potential for improving environmental compatibility as a resin product that is consumed in large quantities. In the currently distributed toners, polymers derived from fossil fuels are usually used, and from the viewpoint of recent environmental problems, it is desired to replace them with those derived from natural resources with low equivalent carbon dioxide emission.

  By the way, the present applicant first paid attention to a compound derived from a natural resource (rosin) and succeeded in synthesizing a polymer in which the compound was incorporated into the main chain (see Patent Documents 2 and 3). It has also been proposed to use the polymer as a resin for toner (see Patent Document 4). As a result, it is possible to provide a high-performance toner using a natural material. In particular, water resistance and gloss were required for the fixed image of the toner, and it was considered necessary to cope with this.

  That is, the present invention relates to a toner made of a biological material previously developed by the present applicant, a resin that satisfies various performances required for the toner, enhances the water resistance of the image, and can impart better gloss properties. An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method thereof and a toner using the same.

（Ｒ^Ｘ，Ｒ^Ｙは、炭素数１〜６のアルキル基もしくは炭素数２〜６のアルケニル基を表す。ｐ，ｑは、０〜３の整数を表す。＃は結合手を表す。環Ｘは脂肪族環または芳香族環を表す。環Ｙは脂肪族環を表す。）
〔３〕主鎖に組み込まれるロジン由来の構造単位が下記式（Ｉ）で表される〔１〕または〔２〕に記載の樹脂。

（Ｒ^Ａ，Ｒ^Ｂは、炭素数１〜６のアルキル基もしくはアルケニル基を表す。ｎ，ｍは、０〜３の整数を表す。環Ｃｙはヘテロ原子を含んでもよい飽和もしくは不飽和の６員環を表す。Ｌは二価の連結基を表す。）
〔４〕連結基Ｌの連結位置について、２位／２’位の連結構造（構造ａ）、２位／４’位もしくは２’位／４位の連結構造（構造ｂ）、またはその両者が存在する〔１〕〜〔３〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂。
〔５〕式（Ｉ）で表される構造単位が、デヒドロアビエチン酸由来の構成単位である〔１〕〜〔４〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂。
〔６〕式（Ｉ）で表される構造単位として、下記式（Ｉ−１）で表される構造単位および／または下記式（Ｉ−２）で表される構造単位を含む〔１〕〜〔５〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂。

〔７〕式（ＩＶ）で表される構造単位として、下記式（ＩＶ−１）または（ＩＶ−２）で表される構造単位を含む〔１〕〜〔６〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂（＃は結合手を表す。）。

（環Ｙは脂肪族環を表す。＃は結合手を表す。）
〔８〕式（ＩＶ）で表される構造単位の組成が４．２ｍｏｌ％以上１０ｍｏｌ％未満である〔１〕〜〔７〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂。
〔９〕高分子化合物Ａが、さらに下記式（ＩＩ）で表される繰り返し単位を有する〔１〕〜〔８〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂。

（Ｇ^１はアルカン連結基、アルケン連結基、アリール連結基、ヘテロアリール連結基、またはそれらの組合せを表す。Ｘ、Ｙ、Ｚはそれぞれ独立に二価の連結基を表す。ｍｚは０〜３の整数を表す。＊は主鎖に組み込まれる結合手を表す。）
〔１０〕式（ＩＩ）におけるＸ，Ｙ，Ｚはそれぞれ独立に、−Ｏ−＊、−ＣＯＯ−＊、及び−ＮＨ−＊より成る群より選ばれた少なくとも一種である〔１〕〜〔９〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂（＊は式（ＩＩ）中の＊の方向に対応する）。
〔１１〕高分子化合物Ａの酸価が５ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇ以上２５ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇ以下である〔１〕〜〔１０〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂。
〔１２〕高分子化合物Ａの重量平均分子量が７，０００以上、７０，０００以下である〔１〕〜〔１１〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂。
〔１３〕高分子化合物Ａの単分散度（Ｍｗ／Ｍｎ）が３．５以上７以下である〔１〕〜〔１２〕のいずれか１項に記載の樹脂。
〔１４〕〔１〕〜〔１３〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂を水性媒体中に含んでなる水性樹脂分散物。
〔１５〕〔１〕〜〔１３〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂を含んで成るトナー。
〔１６〕さらに、顔料および離型剤を含有する〔１５〕に記載のトナー。
〔１７〕多官能カルボン酸化合物と、これと反応しうる多官能モノマーを反応させる〔１〕〜〔１３〕のいずれかに記載の樹脂の製造方法であって、
多官能カルボン酸化合物として少なくとも下記式（Ｉａ）で表されるモノマーを用い、下記式（ＩＶａ）で表されるモノマーの共存下で反応を行う樹脂の製造方法。

（Ｒ^Ａ、Ｒ^Ｂ、Ｃｙ、Ｌ、ｎ、ｍは式（Ｉ）と同義である。Ｔ^１は置換基である。）

（Ｒ^Ｘ、Ｒ^Ｙ、ｐ、ｑは式（ＩＶ）と同義である。Ｔ^１は置換基である。） The above problems have been solved by the following means.
[1] A resin comprising a polymer compound A in which a rosin-derived structural unit is incorporated in the main chain, the polymer compound A having a rosin-derived structural unit having no polymerizable functional group at the chain end .
[2] The resin according to [1], wherein the structural unit derived from rosin at the chain end is represented by the following formula (IV).

(R ^X and R ^Y represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. P and q represent integers of 0 to 3. # represents a bond. Ring X Represents an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring, and ring Y represents an aliphatic ring.)
[3] The resin according to [1] or [2], wherein the rosin-derived structural unit incorporated in the main chain is represented by the following formula (I).

(R ^A and R ^B represent an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. N and m represent an integer of 0 to 3. The ring Cy may contain a hetero atom, which is saturated or unsaturated 6. Represents a member ring, L represents a divalent linking group.)
[4] Regarding the connection position of the linking group L, the 2-position / 2′-position linkage structure (structure a), the 2-position / 4′-position or the 2′-position / 4-position linkage structure (structure b), or both Resin in any one of [1]-[3] which exists.
[5] The resin according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the structural unit represented by the formula (I) is a structural unit derived from dehydroabietic acid.
[6] The structural unit represented by the formula (I) includes a structural unit represented by the following formula (I-1) and / or a structural unit represented by the following formula (I-2): [5] The resin according to any one of [5].

[7] The resin according to any one of [1] to [6], including a structural unit represented by the following formula (IV-1) or (IV-2) as the structural unit represented by the formula (IV): (# Represents a bond.)

(Ring Y represents an aliphatic ring. # Represents a bond.)
[8] The resin according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the composition of the structural unit represented by the formula (IV) is 4.2 mol% or more and less than 10 mol%.
[9] The resin according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the polymer compound A further has a repeating unit represented by the following formula (II).

(G ¹ represents an alkane linking group, an alkene linking group, an aryl linking group, a heteroaryl linking group, or a combination thereof. X, Y, and Z each independently represent a divalent linking group. Mz is 0 to 3). (* Represents a bond incorporated into the main chain.)
[10] X, Y, and Z in the formula (II) are each independently at least one selected from the group consisting of —O— *, —COO— *, and —NH— *. ] (* Corresponds to the direction of * in formula (II)).
[11] The resin according to any one of [1] to [10], wherein the acid value of the polymer compound A is 5 mgKOH / g or more and 25 mgKOH / g or less.
[12] The resin according to any one of [1] to [11], wherein the polymer compound A has a weight average molecular weight of 7,000 or more and 70,000 or less.
[13] The resin according to any one of [1] to [12], wherein the polymer compound A has a monodispersity (Mw / Mn) of 3.5 or more and 7 or less.
[14] An aqueous resin dispersion comprising the resin according to any one of [1] to [13] in an aqueous medium.
[15] A toner comprising the resin according to any one of [1] to [13].
[16] The toner according to [15], further comprising a pigment and a release agent.
[17] A method for producing a resin according to any one of [1] to [13], wherein a polyfunctional carboxylic acid compound and a polyfunctional monomer capable of reacting with the polyfunctional carboxylic acid compound are reacted.
A method for producing a resin, wherein at least a monomer represented by the following formula (Ia) is used as the polyfunctional carboxylic acid compound, and the reaction is performed in the presence of the monomer represented by the following formula (IVa).

(R ^A , R ^B , Cy, L, n, and m are as defined in formula (I). T ¹ is a substituent.)

(R ^X , R ^Y , p, and q are as defined in formula (IV). T ¹ is a substituent.)

  In the present specification, when there are a plurality of substituents or linking groups (hereinafter referred to as substituents) indicated by specific symbols, or when a plurality of substituents are specified simultaneously or alternatively, The groups and the like may be the same as or different from each other. The same applies to the definition of the number of substituents and the like. Further, even if not specifically stated, when a plurality of substituents and the like are close to each other, they may be connected to each other or condensed to form a ring.

  According to the resin of the present invention and the method for producing the same, the use of a plant-derived compound contributes to the preservation of the global environment and exhibits good performance as a toner. In particular, it satisfies various performances required for toners such as production suitability and low-temperature fixability, and further realizes water resistance and good gloss characteristics (high glossiness and suppression of unevenness) of a printed image.

1 is a side view of an apparatus schematically shown for explaining a copying machine based on electrophotography and a copying process thereof.

  The resin of the present invention is composed of a polymer compound using a plant-derived compound, and has good properties as a resin for toner while being derived from a plant. The reason for this is estimated as follows. As described above, the present applicant has succeeded in synthesizing a polymer in which a rosin-derived skeleton is incorporated into the main chain. The skeleton is considered to contribute to the development of a suitable hardness in the toner. On the other hand, in the present invention, a specific rosin-derived structural unit was introduced at the chain end of the polymer. As a result, the main chain and chain end of the rosin-derived structure are interacted with each other, and high image water resistance is exhibited without significantly deteriorating the production suitability. Hereinafter, it demonstrates in detail centering on the preferable embodiment of this invention.

[Polymer Compound A]
The resin of the present invention is a polymer having a rosin-derived structural unit (structural unit 1) incorporated in the main chain and a rosin-derived structural unit (structural unit 2) having no polymerizable functional group incorporated at the chain end. It consists of a compound (hereinafter referred to as “specific polymer compound A”).

(Structural unit 1)
The structural unit 1 has a skeleton derived from rosin, which preferably has a skeleton derived from dehydroabietic acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “DHA skeleton”). Furthermore, the structural unit 1 is preferably a structural unit represented by the following formula (I).

· ^R A, ^{R B}
R ^A and R ^B represent an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R ^B is preferably a methyl group. ^RA is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably an i-propyl group. R ^A is preferably substituted at the 3-position or the 3′-position in the above formula. A plurality of R ^A and R ^B may be different from each other or may be linked to form a ring.

・ N, m
n represents an integer of 0 to 3. m represents an integer of 0-6. n is preferably 1. m is preferably 2. When n and m are 2 or more, the plurality of substituents R ^A and R ^B may be different.

・ Cy
Ring Cy represents a saturated or unsaturated 6-membered ring which may contain a hetero atom. Cy is preferably a cyclohexane ring or a cyclohexene ring, and more preferably a cyclohexane ring. Cy may further have a substituent, and examples of the substituent T described below are given as the substituent.

・ L
L represents a divalent linking group. Specific examples include an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an arylene group, and a heteroarylene group. Especially, a C1-C6 alkylene group or a C1-C6 alkenylene group is preferable, and a methylene group, ethylene group, and a propylene group are more preferable. The alkylene group and alkenylene group may be chained or cyclic, and when chained, they may be linear or branched. L may further have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include examples of the substituent T described later.

  In the formula, * represents a bond to be incorporated into the main chain.

  Here, in the present invention, the “skeleton derived from dehydroabietic acid” refers to a structural portion derived from dehydroabietic acid within a range that exhibits a desired effect. However, the tricyclic mother nucleus structure of dehydroabietic acid is maintained (the number of atoms constituting the ring may not be maintained), and one of them must include a benzene ring. To do. The following is mentioned as the example.

  The “skeleton derived from dehydroabietic acid” may further have a substituent. Examples of the substituent that may be included include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group-containing group, a nitro group, and an amino group.

  Dehydroabietic acid is one of the components constituting rosin contained in pine resin of plant origin. That is, since a material of natural origin can be used as its substrate, it is offset in the amount of carbon dioxide emission, and the equivalent emission amount can be greatly reduced as compared with a plastic material of fossil fuel origin. It is an environmentally-friendly material derived from biomass resources that is desired as a next-generation material.

  In the resin of the present invention, two or more different kinds of the connecting positions of the connecting group L in the formula (I) may be contained. Here, the copolymerization form of two or more kinds of structural units is not particularly limited, and may be block copolymerization, alternating copolymerization, random copolymerization, or the like. The same applies to the relationship with the structural units 1 and 2 or the structural unit 3. Specifically, in the formula (1), the 2-position / 2′-position structure (structure a) and the 2-position / 4′-position or 2′-position / 4-position structure (structure b) are preferably present together. . At this time, a structure of 4th / 4′-position or 4′-position / 4-position (structure c) may coexist. The ratio between the structure at the 2-position / 2′-position (structure a) and the structure at the 2-position / 4′-position or 2′-position / 4-position (structure b) (structure a: structure b [molar ratio basis]) is: It is preferably included in the range of 1: 0.05 to 1: 0.50, and more preferably included in the range of 1: 0.10 to 1: 0.30. By including the structure a and the structure b in this range, various performances in the toner and image durability at low temperatures can be achieved at a high level. The content of the structures other than the structures a and b (for example, the structure c) is not particularly limited, but the structure c is 0.01 to 15 (molar ratio) when the sum of the structures a and b is 1. It is preferable from the same viewpoint.

  The repeating unit represented by the formula (I) is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following formula (Ix).

In the formula, R ^A , R ^B , n, Cy, L, * are as defined in formula (I).

・ M1
m1 is m-2 of the formula (I), and a preferable range is the same as the number obtained as m-2. However, the lower limit is 0.

・^RC , ^RD
R ^C and R ^D represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R ^C and R ^D are preferably a methyl group. The plurality of R ^C and R ^D may be different from each other or the same.

  The repeating unit represented by the above formula (I) is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following formula (Iy).

式中、Ｒ^Ａ、Ｒ^Ｂ、ｎ、ｍ１、Ｌ、Ｒ^Ｃ、Ｒ^Ｄ、＊は、式（Ｉ）ないし（Ｉｘ）と同義である。Ｒ^ＦはＲ^Ｂと同義である。ｌは０〜２の整数を表し、０が好ましい。

In the formula, R ^A , R ^B , n, m1, L, R ^C , R ^D and * are as defined in formulas (I) to (Ix). R ^F has the same meaning as R ^B. l represents an integer of 0 to 2, and 0 is preferable.

  In addition, the position numbers of the carbon atoms of 1, 2, 3, 4, 1 ′, 2 ′, 3 ′, and 4 ′ are those defined in this specification, and the dehydroabietane skeleton (see the following formula (Iz)) ), The 2nd and 2 'positions correspond to the 12th and 12' positions, and the 4th and 4th positions correspond to the 14th and 14 'positions.

  The repeating unit represented by the above formula (I) is preferably a repeating unit represented by the following formula (Iz). At this time, in the resin of the present embodiment, for the repeating unit represented by the following formula (Iz), the bonding position (11, 12, 14, 11 ′, 12 ′, 14 ′) of the methylene group that is the linking group thereof Two or more different types may be included.

  In the present invention, the repeating unit represented by the formula (I) includes a structural unit represented by the following formula (I-1) and / or a structural unit represented by the following formula (I-2). Is preferred.

上記の式（Ｉ−１）で表される繰り返し単位は構造ａで定義される構成単位に含まれ、上記の式（Ｉ−２）で表される繰り返し単位は構造ｂで定義される構成単位に含まれる。

The repeating unit represented by the formula (I-1) is included in the structural unit defined by the structure a, and the repeating unit represented by the formula (I-2) is a structural unit defined by the structure b. include.

  The resin (specific polymer compound A) of the present invention may further contain a trimer of a structural unit derived from dehydroabietic acid. By including such a trimer structure, a polymer branch is formed therein, and a polymer having a graft chain can be obtained. As a result, a resin having physical properties suitable for the performance required for each toner can be provided by controlling Tg and the like of the resin.

(Structural unit 2)
The structural unit 2 has a structure derived from rosin, is located at the chain end of the polymer compound A, and does not have a polymerizable functional group. The term “having no polymerizable functional group” means that a monofunctional structural unit is incorporated in a form that terminates the polymerization reaction at the chain end, and the polyfunctional polymerizable compound accidentally becomes a chain end. It means to be distinguished from those. For example, the polymer compound constituting the resins of Patent Documents 2 to 4 is assumed to have a skeleton derived from dehydroabietic acid (DHA skeleton) at the chain end, which is a DHA having a polymerizable functional group. It means that a monomer having a skeleton forms a terminal without being polymerized, and is distinguished from the structural unit 2. Examples of the polymerizable functional group typically include a carboxyl group or a salt thereof or an ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, or a salt thereof.

  The structural unit derived from rosin at the chain end is preferably represented by the following formula (IV).

・ R ^X , R ^Y
R ^X and R ^Y represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. R ^Y may be introduced as a divalent group (alkylidene or alkenylidene) into the ring structure forming the mother nucleus (see methyl neoabietate described later). When there are a plurality of ^RX and ^RY, they may be bonded to each other.

・ P, q
p and q represent an integer of 0 to 3. # Represents a bond. When p and q are 2 or more, the plurality of substituents R ^X and R ^Y may be different.

・ X, Y
Ring X with a broken line represents an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring. This aliphatic ring may contain a double bond in a part thereof. The ring X is preferably a ring containing a double bond that is not conjugated, a saturated aliphatic ring, or an aromatic ring, and more preferably a saturated aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring, from the viewpoint of stability.
Ring Y represents an aliphatic ring. This aliphatic ring may contain a double bond in a part thereof.

The structural unit represented by the formula (IV) is preferably represented by the following formula (IV-1) or (IV-2).

  The structural unit 2 can be introduced into the chain end by copolymerizing a monofunctional carboxylic acid (salt and ester thereof) having a corresponding rosin-derived structure. Specific examples of such monofunctional carboxylic acids include the following, but the present invention is not construed as being limited thereto. Of these, methyl dehydroabietic acid, methyl dihydroabietic acid, methyl tetrahydroabietic acid, methyl pimarate and methyl isopimarate are preferable. In addition, although all the exemplary compounds are shown as methyl esters, they may be carboxylic acid compounds.

(Structural unit 3)
The polymer compound A may further have a structural unit represented by the following formula (II) as a structural unit 3 as a copolymer component.

・ G ¹
G ¹ is an alkane linking group (alkanediyl, alkanetriyl, alkanetetrayl, etc.), an alkene linking group (alkenediyl, alkenetriyl, alkenetetrayl, etc.), an aryl linking group (aryldiyl, aryltriyl, aryltetrayl, etc.) ), A heteroaryl linking group (heteroaryldiyl, heteroaryltriyl, heteroaryltetrayl, etc.) or a combination thereof. When G ¹ is an alkane linking group or an alkene linking group, it may be chained or cyclic, and when it is chained, it may be linear or branched. One or more hydrogen atoms of the alkane linking group, alkene linking group, aryl linking group, or heteroaryl linking group may be substituted with a specific substituent or may be unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent when substituted include the substituent T described later, and among them, an alkyl group and an alkenyl group are preferable. In addition, one or more carbon atoms constituting the alkane linking group and the alkene linking group may be substituted with a hetero linking group, or an aryl linking group or a heteroaryl linking group may be linked via a hetero linking group. Also good. In this case, the hetero linking group includes an oxygen atom, an imino group having 0 to 6 carbon atoms, a carbonyl group, and a sulfur atom. Among them, an oxygen atom is preferable (typically, a part of the alkylene chain is an ether bond). It is replaced and connected.) In addition, carbon number means that the number of carbon atoms is not included when it has a substituent.

When G ¹ is an alkane linking group (preferably an alkylene group) or an alkene linking group (preferably an alkenylene group), it preferably has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms. As described above, the alkylene group and alkenylene group may be substituted or unsubstituted, and a part thereof may be substituted with a hetero atom. More specifically, — (CH ₂ ) ₄ —, — (CH ₂ ) ₅ —, — (CH ₂ ) ₈ —, — (CH ₂ ) ₁₀ —, — (CHRa) CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ — _{rb-CH 2 -, - (} CH 2 CH 2 O) 2 -CH 2 CH 2 -, - (CH 2 CH 2 O) 3 -CH 2 CH 2 - is more preferable. Ra is preferably an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and C ₁₈ H ₃₇ , C ₁₆ H ₃₃ , C ₁₂ H ₂₅ , C ₈ H ₁₇ , C ₁₈ H ₃₅ , C ₁₆ H ₃₁ , C ₁₂ H _23, and more preferably _C 8 _{H 15.} Rb is preferably a cycloalkylene group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a cyclohexanediyl group.

When G ¹ is an aryl linking group (preferably an arylene group) or a heteroaryl linking group (preferably a heteroarylene group), it preferably has 3 to 24 carbon atoms, and more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Specific examples include a substituted or unsubstituted benzene linking group (preferably a phenylene group). G ¹ may be a linking group obtained by combining an alkane linking group, an alkene linking group, an aryl linking group, and a heteroaryl linking group. Examples include a linking group in which an alkane linking group (preferably an alkylene group) and an aryl linking group (preferably an arylene group) are combined, and the like. -Ph-Me-Ph- (Ph: phenylene group, Me: methylene group) ), -Ph-Pr-Ph- (Ph: phenylene group, Pr: propane-2,2-diyl group) and the like.

・ X, Y, Z
X, Y, and Z are each independently —O—, —S—, —NR—, — (C═O) —, —O (C═O) —, — (C═O) O—, — ( C = O) NR- and a divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of these. Preferably, -O-,-(C = O) O-,-(C = O) NH-, or-(C = O)-. R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms. In addition, it is preferable that the right side of the notation of the linking group is a bond * side in the formula (II).

mz represents 0 to 3, preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and particularly preferably 0. Specific examples of the structural unit having G ¹ of trivalent or higher (mz of 1 or higher) include repeating units formed by reaction of glycerin, erythritol, trimellitic acid, and pyromellitic acid. When mz is 2 or more, the plurality of structural sites defined therein may be different from each other.

(Copolymerization ratio)
The components and compositions of the preferred copolymer of the present invention are described in the following table. However, the present invention is not construed as being limited thereby. The unit of numerical values in the table is based on the molar ratio of monomers, and it is assumed that the total is 100%.

[Table K]
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Structural unit 1 Structural unit 2 Structural unit 3
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Preferably 1-30 2-17 53-97
More preferably 3-20 3-15 65-94
Particularly preferably 4-15 4.2-10 75-91.8
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
<Notes on the table>
In the copolymerization component, when the structural unit 3 is derived from a dicarboxylic acid, it is preferable that G ^{1 in the} formula (II) has an aryl linking group or a heteroaryl linking group. When the structural unit 3 is derived from a diol, G ^{1 in} the formula (II) preferably has an alkane linking group (including a cycloalkane linking group) or an alkene linking group (including a cyclic linking group). When the structural unit 3 is distinguished by the linking group G ¹ , the following ratio is preferable. In addition, it is preferable that the structural unit 1 and the structural unit 2 are derived from dicarboxylic acid. Furthermore, the structural unit 3 preferably has the following component ratio. The total amount at this time follows the ratio in Table K above.

[Table K1]
――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Structural unit 3-1 Structural unit 3-2
――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Preferably 3-47 53-97
More preferably 15-44 56-85
Particularly preferably 22-42 58-78
――――――――――――――――――――――――――
<Notes on the table>
Structural unit 3-1 having an aryl linking group or a heteroaryl linking group Structural unit 3-2: having neither an aryl linking group nor a heteroaryl linking group

Further adding the copolymerization ratios defined in Table K, it is preferable that the structural unit 3 occupies 50 mol% or more. On the other hand, the structural units 1 and 2 are preferably components derived from di (poly) carboxylic acid, and the others are preferably di (poly) ol components of the structural unit 3. At this time, it is preferable that the structural unit 1, the structural unit 2, and the structural unit 3 constitute 100 mol%. However, components other than the structural units 1 to 3 may be included. In the present embodiment, a polymer composed of only structural units 1 to 3 is preferable.
At this time, if the introduction amount of the structural unit 2 is excessive, the toner performance (particularly low-temperature fixability) deteriorates. This is thought to be due to the fact that the polymerization does not proceed sufficiently (stops in the middle) by copolymerizing the monofunctional compound, and the low molecular weight component increases.
About Table K1, it has described in the form from which the sum total of the structural units 3-1 and 3-2 will be 100 mol%. This is preferably a component derived from a di (poly) ol monomer, and preferably satisfies structural unit 3-1 <structural unit 3-2.

(Molecular weight)
The weight average molecular weight of the specific polymer compound A in the present invention is not limited, but is preferably 7,000 or more and 70,000 or less, more preferably 10,000 or more and 20,000 or less. When the weight average molecular weight is within this range, melt viscosity, glass transition temperature, flexibility and the like particularly suitable as a resin for toner are realized and improved. In addition, the weight average molecular weight in this invention is the value obtained by the molecular weight measurement (polystyrene conversion) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Unless otherwise specified in the present specification, tetrahydrofuran is used as a carrier, and molecular weight is shown by a value using TSK-gel Super AWM-H (trade name) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation as a column.

(Single fraction)
Although the fraction (Mw / Mn) of the specific polymer compound A is not particularly limited, it is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 3.5 or more, and particularly preferably 4 or more. The upper limit is preferably 11 or less, more preferably 7 or less, and particularly preferably 6 or less. In the specific polymer compound A, when the structural unit 2 is effectively introduced, it is preferable because the monodispersity is a value equal to or higher than the above lower limit, and a toner exhibiting good image water resistance can be formed. . On the other hand, when the monodispersity is not more than the above upper limit, it means that the production of low molecular weight components in the resin is moderately suppressed, and it is preferable because a toner having excellent fixability can be obtained.
Since the specific polymer compound has the monofunctional structural unit 2 introduced at the chain end, the monodispersity tends to be larger than those without such a compound. It is the aforementioned range that is characterized as that range. Note that not all of the chain ends of the polymer compound A need be the structural unit 2. For example, the monomer of the structural unit 1 constituting the main chain may not react for some reason, and the chain end may be formed in a form having a functional group as it is. The amount of chain ends other than the structural unit 2 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an embodiment in which about 10 to 50% of terminals are terminals other than the structural unit 2.

(Tg)
Although glass transition temperature (Tg) is not limited, Preferably it is 30 degreeC or more, More preferably, it is 40-80 degreeC, More preferably, it is 45-65 degreeC. When the glass transition temperature is within this range, it is possible to achieve both the fixability particularly when used as a toner and the thermal stability over time. The glass transition temperature depends on the following method and conditions unless otherwise specified.

Measurement is performed under the following conditions using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC6200, manufactured by SII Technology). The measurement is performed twice on the same sample, and the second measurement result is adopted.
・ Atmosphere in measurement chamber: Nitrogen (50 mL / min)
・ Raising rate: 10 ° C / min
・ Measurement start temperature: 0 ℃
-Measurement end temperature: 200 ° C
-Sample pan: Aluminum pan-Mass of measurement sample: 5 mg
-Calculation of Tg: Tg is the intermediate temperature between the descent start point and descent end point of the DSC chart.

  The acid value of the specific polymer compound A is preferably 5 mgKOH / g or more and 25 mgKOH / g or less, and more preferably 8 mgKOH / g or more and 15 mgKOH / g or less. The glass transition temperature depends on the method and conditions employed in the examples described below unless otherwise specified.

  The specific polymer compound A includes derivatives obtained by further subjecting a compound having a repeating unit containing a DHA skeleton to chemical treatment.

In addition, in this specification, it uses for the meaning containing the salt and its ion besides the said compound itself about the display of a compound (a polymer and resin are included). Moreover, it is the meaning including the derivative | guide_body which changed the predetermined part in the range with the desired effect.
In the present specification, a substituent that does not specify substitution / non-substitution (the same applies to a linking group) means that the group may have an arbitrary substituent. This is also synonymous for compounds that do not specify substitution / non-substitution. Preferred substituents include the following substituent T.

Examples of the substituent T include the following.
An alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, pentyl, heptyl, 1-ethylpentyl, benzyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 1-carboxymethyl, etc.), alkenyl A group (preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl, oleyl, etc.), an alkynyl group (preferably an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as ethynyl, butadiynyl, phenylethynyl, etc.), A cycloalkyl group (preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, etc.), an aryl group (preferably an aryl group having 6 to 26 carbon atoms, for example, Phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, -Chlorophenyl, 3-methylphenyl and the like), a heterocyclic group (preferably a heterocyclic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring carbon having at least one oxygen atom, sulfur atom or nitrogen atom) A heterocyclic group having 2 to 20 atoms is preferable, and examples thereof include 2-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-imidazolyl, 2-benzoimidazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, and the like, and an alkoxy group (preferably having 1 to 1 carbon atoms). 20 alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, isopropyloxy, benzyloxy, etc.), aryloxy groups (preferably aryloxy groups having 6 to 26 carbon atoms, such as phenoxy, 1-naphthyloxy, 3-methylphenoxy, 4-methoxyphenoxy and the like), an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably having 2 to 2 carbon atoms) 0 alkoxycarbonyl groups such as ethoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl, etc., amino groups (preferably containing an amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group, an arylamino group, such as amino, N, N-dimethylamino, N, N-diethylamino, N-ethylamino, anilino, etc.), sulfamoyl groups (preferably sulfonamido groups having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, such as N, N-dimethylsulfamoyl, N-phenyl) Sulfamoyl etc.), an acyl group (preferably an acyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, benzoyl etc.), an acyloxy group (preferably an acyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, Acetyloxy, benzoyloxy, etc.), carbamoyl group (preferably charcoal) A carbamoyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-phenylcarbamoyl, etc., an acylamino group (preferably an acylamino group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as acetylamino, benzoylamino, etc.) , Sulfonamide groups (preferably sulfayl groups having 0 to 20 carbon atoms such as methanesulfonamide, benzenesulfonamide, N-methylmethanesulfonamide, N-ethylbenzenesulfonamide, etc.), hydroxy groups, cyano Group, halogen atom (for example, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc.), more preferably alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group, heterocyclic group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, alkoxycarbonyl group, amino group. Group, acylamino group, cyano group or halo A down atoms, particularly preferably an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an amino group, an acylamino group or a cyano group.

  When the compound or substituent / linking group contains an alkyl group / alkylene group, alkenyl group / alkenylene group, etc., these may be cyclic or chain-like, and may be linear or branched, and substituted as described above. It may be substituted or unsubstituted. Moreover, when an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, etc. are included, they may be monocyclic or condensed and may be similarly substituted or unsubstituted.

[Method for Producing Specific Polymer Compound A]
Dehydroabietic acid can be obtained, for example, from rosin. Constituents contained in rosin vary depending on the method of collection and the production area of pine, but in general, abietic acid (1), neoabietic acid (2), parastrinic acid (3), levopimaric acid (4), It is a mixture of diterpene resin acids such as dehydroabietic acid (5), pimaric acid (6) and isopimaric acid (7). Among these diterpene resin acids, each compound represented by (1) to (4) is disproportionated by heat treatment in the presence of a certain kind of metal catalyst, and dehydroabietic acid (5) And dihydroabietic acid (8) having the following structure. That is, dehydroabietic acid (5) can be obtained relatively easily by subjecting rosin, which is a mixture of various resin acids, to an appropriate chemical treatment, and can be produced industrially and inexpensively. Dihydroabietic acid (8) and dehydroabietic acid (5) can be easily separated by a known method.

  For the synthesis of a dimer of dehydroabietic acid or a derivative thereof, a technique used for the synthesis of this type of compound can be appropriately employed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-26569 disclosing the present invention of the present applicant. It can be synthesized by the method described. Specifically, in the following formula (Ia), when L is linked by a single bond, a catalytic amount of N, N-dimethylformamide can be added using oxalyl chloride to advance the reaction. When L is a methylene group, a method of replacing the oxalyl chloride with dichloromethane is exemplified. Alternatively, the reaction may be allowed to proceed by mixing dehydroavitic acid or a derivative thereof with formalin and adding a catalytic amount of trifluoroacetic acid.

R ^A , R ^B , n, m, Cy, and L are as defined in the above formula (I). T ¹ is a substituent. T ¹ is not particularly limited, and examples of the substituent T can be given, and a substituent having reactivity in the polymerization reaction is preferable. Of these, an alkyl group and a hydroxyl group are preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, and a hydroxyl group are particularly preferable. In addition, as for the structure of the monomer structure part (DA skeleton part) of the monomer represented by the formula (I), those of the formulas (Ix), (Iy), and (Iz) are more preferable. In the dimer structure, a 2/2 ′ body and a 2/4 ′ body (4/2 ′ body) may be mixed as appropriate. In order to obtain such an isomer mixture, at the time of dimerization, at least one selected from acetic acid and acetate is used as a reaction solvent for the reaction of dehydroabietic acid and its derivatives with formaldehyde. It is preferable to use an acetate ester. In addition, the trimer may be obtained as a by-product during the synthesis of the dimer, but it can be preferentially generated by appropriately selecting the reaction conditions.

（Ｒ^Ｘ、Ｒ^Ｙ、ｐ、ｑ、環Ｘ、環Ｙは式（ＩＶ）と同義である。Ｔ^１は置換基である。） Examples of the monomer material forming the structural unit 2 include monomers represented by the following formula (IVa).

(R ^X , R ^Y , p, q, ring X, and ring Y have the same meanings as in formula (IV). T ¹ is a substituent.)

(Preparation of polymer)
The polymer compound A can be obtained, for example, by polymerizing a compound represented by the above formula (Ia) and a monomer represented by the above formula (IVa). More preferably, a desired copolymer can be synthesized by polymerizing a compound represented by the following formula (IIa) or a derivative thereof together.

G ¹ , X, Y, Z and mz have the same meanings as those in the formula (II). T ³ is a substituent. T ³ is not particularly limited, but considering the polymerization reaction described below, when X, Y, and Z are carbonyl groups (CO), it is preferably an alkoxy group or a hydroxyl group, and a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or an isopropyloxy group. A group and a hydroxyl group are particularly preferred. When X, Y, and Z are oxygen atoms (O), a hydrogen atom (H) is preferable. Two of T ³ may be different from each other.

  As a specific method for synthesizing a polymer, for example, the method described in New Polymer Experimental Science 3, Polymer Synthesis / Reaction (2), pp. 78-95, Kyoritsu Shuppan (1996) (for example, transesterification method) Direct esterification method, melt polymerization method such as acid halide method, low-frequency solution polymerization method, high-temperature solution polycondensation method, interfacial polycondensation method, etc.). The method and the direct ester method are preferably used.

  The transesterification method is a method of synthesizing a specific polymer compound A by subjecting a polyol compound and a polycarboxylic acid ester derivative to a dealcoholization polycondensation by heating in a molten state or a solution state, if necessary, in the presence of a catalyst.

  The direct esterification method is a method of synthesizing a specific polymer compound A by dehydrating polycondensation of a polyol compound and a polycarboxylic acid compound in the presence of a catalyst in a molten state or a solution state under heating.

  The acid halide method is a method of synthesizing a specific polymer compound A by heating a polyol compound and a polycarboxylic acid halide derivative in a molten state or in a solution state, if necessary, in the presence of a catalyst, and dehydrohalogenating polycondensation. is there.

  The interfacial polymerization method involves dissolving a specific polymer compound A by dissolving a polyol compound in water, the polycarboxylic acid compound or a derivative thereof in an organic solvent, and polycondensing at a water / organic solvent interface using a phase transfer catalyst. It is a method of synthesis.

  Specific examples of the specific polymer compound A are shown below, but the present invention is not construed as being limited thereto.

<Table notes>
-Samples starting with Ac are samples of comparative examples-Unit: molar ratio (indicated to be 100 for each of polycarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols)
The structural unit is shown in a state where all polymerizable groups have reacted. When introduced at the end of the polymer chain, an unreacted polymerizable group (for example, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, etc.) corresponding to each monomer structure remains except for the structural unit derived from monovalent carboxylic acid.

[Aqueous resin dispersion]
For the preparation of the toner of this embodiment, it is preferable to use a dispersion of resin fine particles. From this viewpoint, the aqueous resin dispersion of the present embodiment (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “resin dispersion”) includes at least one specific polymer compound A (resin A) containing a constituent component derived from the dehydroabietic acid. And is configured to be dispersed in an aqueous medium. Since the resin A is excellent in self-dispersibility and dispersion stability, it can constitute an aqueous dispersion. In particular, the acid value of the resin is preferably in the above range. When the acid value is not less than the above lower limit value, a sufficient surface charge can be imparted to the resin particles when an aqueous resin dispersion is formed, so that dispersion stability is good, aggregation can be suppressed, and resin particles having a desired particle diameter Is preferable. Further, when the acid value is not more than the above upper limit, hydrophilicity is appropriate, generation of coarse particles can be suppressed, and a good particle size distribution can be obtained.

  Here, self-dispersibility refers to, for example, a functional group (particularly an acidic group or a salt thereof) possessed by the polymer itself when it is in a dispersed state (particularly, a dispersed state by a phase inversion emulsification method) in the absence of a surfactant. It means that it can be dispersed in an aqueous medium, and it means that a resin dispersion containing no free emulsifier can be constituted. If the resin (particularly the end) is made hydrophobic in order to improve the image water resistance, the self-dispersibility is lost. As a result, it is inferior in manufacturing aptitude, and tends to lead to performance unevenness such as glossiness. On the other hand, the polymer compound A (resin A) of the present invention improves the water resistance of the image by introducing hydrophobic chain ends, and this self-dispersibility is suitably maintained, and has good production suitability. It is preferable at the point provided.

The dispersed state refers to both an emulsified state (emulsion) in which the polymer is dispersed in an aqueous medium and a dispersed state (suspension) in which the polymer is dispersed in a solid state in an aqueous medium. Is included.
The polymer compound A is preferably a water-insoluble polymer. The water-insoluble polymer is a polymer having a dissolution amount of 10 g or less when the polymer is dried at 105 ° C. for 2 hours and then dissolved in 100 g of water at 25 ° C., and the dissolution amount is preferably 5 g. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 1 g or less. The dissolution amount is the dissolution amount when neutralized with sodium hydroxide or acetic acid according to the kind of the salt-forming group of the water-insoluble polymer.

  As a method for preparing an emulsified or dispersed state of the polymer, that is, an aqueous dispersion of the polymer, a phase inversion emulsification method is exemplified. As the phase inversion emulsification method, for example, a polymer is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent (for example, a hydrophilic organic solvent) and then poured into water as it is without adding a surfactant. A method of obtaining an aqueous dispersion in an emulsified or dispersed state after stirring and mixing in a state in which a generating group (for example, an acidic group) is neutralized and removing the solvent.

  The dispersion state of the polymer particles refers to a solution obtained by dissolving 30 g of a polymer in 70 g of an organic solvent (for example, methyl ethyl ketone), a neutralizing agent capable of neutralizing 100% of the salt-forming group of the polymer (a salt-forming group is an anion). Sodium hydroxide, acetic acid if cationic) and 200 g of water are mixed and stirred (apparatus: stirring apparatus with stirring blades, rotation speed 200 rpm, 30 minutes, 25 ° C.) Even after removing the organic solvent, it means a state in which the dispersed state can be visually confirmed to exist stably at 25 ° C. for at least one week.

[Binder for toner]
The binder for toner according to the exemplary embodiment includes at least one specific polymer compound A including a component derived from the dehydroabietic acid, and includes other components (for example, a resin) as necessary. . The toner binder can be applied to either a dry kneading and pulverizing method or a wet method of granulating toner particles in a liquid. In particular, the specific polymer derived from dehydroabietic acid is excellent in self-dispersibility and dispersion stability, and therefore can be suitably used in a wet method for granulating toner with the polymer in a dispersed state.

Further, the toner binder of the present embodiment can contain at least one other resin as its component. Examples of the other resin include crystalline resins, and examples thereof include polyester resins other than the polymer derived from dehydroabietic acid (hereinafter also referred to as “other polyester resins”). In the present invention, it is preferable to use a resin composition containing the specific polymer derived from dehydroabietic acid and a crystalline resin, particularly in consideration of toner applications.
In the present invention, the “composition” means that two or more components are present substantially uniformly in a specific composition. Here, “substantially uniform” means that each component may be unevenly distributed within the range where the effects of the invention are exerted. The composition is not particularly limited as long as the above definition is satisfied, is not limited to a fluid liquid or a paste, and includes a solid or powder composed of a plurality of components. Furthermore, even when there is a sediment, it means that the composition maintains a dispersion state for a predetermined time by stirring. On the other hand, “mixture” means that the above uniformity is not questioned.
Other polyester resins are obtained, for example, mainly by polycondensation of polyvalent carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols.

  Examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and the like; maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, succinic acid, Examples thereof include aliphatic carboxylic acids such as alkenyl succinic anhydride and adipic acid; alicyclic carboxylic acids such as cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and one or more of these polyvalent carboxylic acids can be used. Among these polyvalent carboxylic acids, it is preferable to use an aromatic carboxylic acid. In order to ensure good fixability, the polyester resin preferably has a cross-linked structure or a branched structure. To that end, a trivalent or higher carboxylic acid (trimellitic acid or tricarboxylic acid) is used as a polyvalent carboxylic acid together with a dicarboxylic acid. It is preferable to use the acid anhydride or the like together.

  Examples of the polyhydric alcohol include aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, neopentylglycol, and glycerin; cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol And alicyclic diols such as A; aromatic diols such as ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A and propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A. One or more of these polyhydric alcohols can be used. Among these polyhydric alcohols, aromatic diols and alicyclic diols are preferable, and among these, aromatic diols are more preferable. In order to secure better fixing properties, it is preferable that the polyester resin has a cross-linked structure or a branched structure. Therefore, as the polyhydric alcohol, a trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol (glycerin, trimethylolpropane) is used together with the diol. , Pentaerythritol) may be used in combination.

The glass transition temperature (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “Tg”) of other polyester resins is preferably 40 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower. When the Tg of the polyester resin is 80 ° C. or lower, low-temperature fixability is obtained, and when the Tg is 40 ° C. or higher, sufficient heat storage properties and storability of fixed images are obtained.
The molecular weight (weight average molecular weight) of other polyester resins is preferably 5,000 or more and 40,000 or less from the viewpoints of resin manufacturability, fine dispersion during toner production, and compatible toner during melting.

・ Crystalline polyester resin (I)
The other polyester resin preferably contains at least one crystalline polyester resin. When the polyester resin contains a crystalline polyester resin, the low-temperature fixability of the toner becomes better. Further, since the heating temperature in the fixing process is low, deterioration of the fixing device is suppressed. When the polyester resin contains a crystalline polyester resin and an amorphous polyester resin, the crystalline polyester resin is compatible with the amorphous polyester resin at the time of melting, and the viscosity of the toner is significantly reduced. A toner with excellent properties can be obtained.
Among the crystalline polyester resins, aliphatic crystalline polyester resins are particularly preferable because many of them have a preferable melting point as compared with aromatic crystalline resins.

  The content of the crystalline polyester resin in the polyester resin is preferably 2% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more and 14% by mass or less. When the content of the crystalline polyester resin is 2% by mass or more, the non-crystalline polyester resin can be sufficiently reduced in viscosity at the time of melting, and an improvement in low-temperature fixability is easily obtained. Further, if the content of the crystalline polyester resin is 20% by mass or less, the deterioration of the charging property of the toner due to the presence of the crystalline polyester resin can be suppressed, so the image strength after fixing on the recording medium Is easy to obtain.

  The melting point of the crystalline polyester resin is preferably in the range of 50 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, preferably in the range of 55 ° C. or higher and 95 ° C. or lower, and more preferably in the range of 60 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower. . If the melting point of the crystalline polyester resin is 50 ° C. or higher, the storage stability of the toner and the storage stability of the toner image after fixing are good, and if it is 100 ° C. or lower, the low-temperature fixability is easily improved.

  The crystalline polyester resin is synthesized from an acid (polycarboxylic acid) component and an alcohol (polyol) component. In the following, the “acid-derived component” refers to a polyester resin before the synthesis of the polyester resin. Refers to a component that was an acid component, and “alcohol-derived component” refers to a component that was an alcohol component before the synthesis of the polyester resin.

Acid-derived constituent component Examples of the acid for forming the acid-derived constituent component include various dicarboxylic acids, but the acid-derived constituent component in the crystalline polyester resin according to the embodiment is a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. Is desirable. For example, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelic acid, sebacic acid, 1,9-nonanedicarboxylic acid, 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,11-undecane Dicarboxylic acid, 1,12-dodecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,13-tridecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,16-hexadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,18-octadecanedicarboxylic acid, etc., or lower alkyl esters thereof And acid anhydrides, but are not limited thereto. Among these, adipic acid, sebacic acid, and 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid are preferable in consideration of availability.

  As the acid-derived constituent component, other constituent components such as a dicarboxylic acid-derived constituent component having a double bond and a dicarboxylic acid-derived constituent component having a sulfonic acid group may be contained.

  The “constituent mol%” here means 1 unit (mole) of the acid-derived constituent component in the entire acid-derived constituent component in the polyester resin or the alcohol constituent component in the entire alcohol-derived constituent component. Indicates the percentage.

Alcohol-derived component As the alcohol to be an alcohol component, an aliphatic diol is desirable. For example, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6 -Hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-dodecanediol, 1,12-undecanediol, 1,13- Examples include, but are not limited to, tridecanediol, 1,14-tetradecanediol, 1,18-octadecanediol, 1,20-eicosanediol, and the like. Among these, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, and 1,10-decanediol are preferable in view of availability and cost.

  The molecular weight (weight average molecular weight) of the crystalline polyester resin is preferably 8,000 or more and 40,000 or less, from the viewpoint of resin manufacturability, fine dispersion during toner production, and compatible toner during melting. 000 or more and 30,000 or less are more preferable. If it is 8,000 or more, the resistance reduction of the crystalline polyester resin can be suppressed, so that the charging property can be prevented from decreasing. If it is 40,000 or less, the cost of resin synthesis is suppressed, and the low-temperature fixability is not adversely affected in order to prevent a decrease in sharp melt properties.

  The binder for toner of this embodiment may contain other resins other than the polyester resin. For example, ethylene resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; styrene resins such as polystyrene and α-polymethylstyrene; (meth) acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polyacrylonitrile; polyamide resins, polycarbonate resins, polyether resins and These copolymer resins are exemplified.

  The content of the specific polymer compound A including the component derived from dehydroabietic acid in the toner binder of the exemplary embodiment is preferably 10 to 95% by mass in the total solid content, for example, and 20 to 80% by mass. % Is more preferable.

[toner]
The specific polymer compound A containing a component derived from dehydroabietic acid according to the present embodiment can be suitably used as a binder for toner among the composite materials. The toner of the present exemplary embodiment only needs to contain a pigment, a release agent, and a polymer derived from the dehydroabietic acid of the present exemplary embodiment. If necessary, a charge control agent, a carrier, an external additive and the like can be contained.

Fine particles / fine powders For the purpose of imparting fluidity improvement and charge control to the toner, inorganic fine powders and organic fine particles may be externally added. For example, silica fine particles and titania fine particles whose surface is treated with an alkyl group-containing coupling agent or the like are preferably used. These particles preferably have a number average primary particle size of 10 to 500 nm, and more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass in the toner.

-Pigment The pigment is not limited, and either an organic pigment or an inorganic pigment can be used. Examples of organic pigments include azo pigments, polycyclic pigments, dye chelates, nitro pigments, nitroso pigments, and aniline black. Among these, azo pigments and polycyclic pigments are more preferable. Examples of the inorganic pigment include titanium oxide, iron oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, barium yellow, cadmium red, chrome yellow, and carbon black. Among these, carbon black is particularly preferable as the black pigment. These are preferably added to the toner in an amount of, for example, 1 to 30% by mass, preferably 5 to 20% by mass, and 30 to 85% by mass when a magnetic material is used as the black pigment.

-Binder As long as it contains the specific high molecular compound A containing the component derived from the dehydroabietic acid of this embodiment, it is 10-95 mass%, for example, Furthermore, 20-80 mass% is added to a toner. Is more preferable. Also, other commonly used binders can be used in combination. For example, ethylene resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; styrene resins such as polystyrene and α-polymethylstyrene; (meth) acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polyacrylonitrile; polyamide resins, polycarbonate resins, polyether resins and These copolymer resins are exemplified.
Further, the toner binder may be used.

-Release agent As a release agent, all the release agents conventionally used for toner can be used. Specific examples include olefins such as low molecular weight polypropylene, low molecular weight polyethylene, and ethylene-propylene copolymer, microcrystalline wax, carnauba wax, sazole wax, and paraffin wax. These addition amounts are, for example, preferably 3 to 20% by mass, more preferably 5 to 18% by mass in the toner.

-Charge control agent As a charge control agent, you may add as needed, but a colorless thing is preferable from the point of color development. Examples include quaternary ammonium salt structures, calixarene structures, azo complex dyes, and the like. The amount of the charge control agent added is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 1 to 5% by mass, in the toner.

-Carrier As the carrier, either an uncoated carrier composed only of magnetic material particles such as iron or ferrite, or a resin-coated carrier in which the surface of the magnetic material particles is coated with a resin or the like may be used. The average particle size of this carrier is preferably 30 to 150 μm in terms of volume average particle size.

External additives External additives include silica particles with hydrophobized surfaces, titanium oxide particles, alumina particles, cerium oxide particles, inorganic particles such as carbon black, polymer particles such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, silicone resin, etc. Known particles can be used. Among these, two or more kinds of external additives are used, and at least one of the external additives preferably has an average primary particle diameter in the range of 30 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably in the range of 30 nm to 180 nm. .

-Toner Characteristics Further, the toner according to the exemplary embodiment preferably has an average circularity in the range of 0.960 to 0.980, and more preferably in the range of 0.960 to 0.970. As for the shape of the toner, a spherical toner is advantageous in terms of developability and transferability, but it may be inferior to an indeterminate shape in terms of cleaning properties. When the toner has a shape in the above-described range, transfer efficiency and image density can be improved, high-quality image formation can be performed, and the surface of the photoreceptor can be improved.

  Further, the volume average particle diameter D50 of the toner of the present embodiment is desirably 3 μm or more and 9 μm or less, more desirably 3.5 μm or more and 8.5 μm or less, and further desirably 4 μm or more and 8 μm or less. If the volume average particle size is equal to or greater than the lower limit, it is easy to maintain the chargeability of each particle because the decrease in toner fluidity can be suppressed. In addition, the charge distribution does not spread, preventing fogging on the background and preventing toner from spilling from the developer. Furthermore, the cleaning property is improved. If the volume average particle size is not more than the above upper limit value, a decrease in resolution can be suppressed, so that a sufficient image quality can be obtained and a recent demand for high image quality can be satisfied.

  As the particle size distribution index of the toner, the volume average particle size distribution index GSDv is preferably 1.30 or less, more preferably 1.15 or more and 1.28 or less, and 1.17 or more and 1.26 or less. More preferably it is. If GSDv is larger than the above range, the sharpness and resolution of the image may decrease. Further, since the ratio of the small particle size toner becomes high, electrostatic control may be difficult.

In addition, the said volume average particle diameter D50 can be calculated based on the particle size distribution measured with measuring instruments, such as Coulter counter TAII and Multisizer II (made by Beckman-Coulter company), for example. Specifically, the cumulative distribution is drawn from the smaller diameter side with respect to the divided particle size range (channel), and the particle diameter at which the accumulation is 16% is defined as volume D16v and number D16P. In addition, the particle diameter which becomes 50% cumulative is defined as a volume D50v and a number D50P. Furthermore, the particle diameter that is 84% cumulative is defined as volume D84v and number D84P. Using these, the volume average particle size distribution index (GSDv) is calculated as (D84v / D16V) ^1/2 .

[Toner Production Method]
The method for producing the toner according to the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited, and a commonly used method can be applied. Among them, a step of forming toner particles by a wet manufacturing method (for example, aggregation and coalescence method, suspension polymerization method, dissolution suspension granulation method, dissolution suspension method, dissolution emulsion aggregation and aggregation method, etc.) And a step of washing.
As a method for forming toner particles, as described above, a wet production method for producing toner particles in an aqueous medium is preferable, but an emulsion aggregation method is particularly desirable, and an emulsion aggregation method using a phase inversion emulsification method is more desirable. .

  The emulsion aggregation method is a method of preparing dispersions (emulsion liquid, pigment dispersion liquid, etc.) each containing components (binder resin, colorant, etc.) contained in the toner, and mixing these dispersion liquids to combine the toner components. In this method, aggregated particles are produced by agglomeration, and then the aggregated particles are heated to the melting point or glass transition temperature of the binder resin or higher to thermally fuse the aggregated particles.

The emulsion aggregation method makes it easier to produce toner with a smaller particle size and has a narrower particle size distribution compared to the dry kneading and pulverization method and other wet methods such as the melt suspension method and the dissolution suspension method. Easy to obtain. Further, the shape control is easier than in the melt suspension method, the dissolution suspension method, and the like, and a uniform irregular toner can be produced. Further, the structure of the toner, such as film formation, is controlled, and when a release agent or a crystalline polyester resin is contained, exposure of these surfaces is suppressed, so that deterioration of chargeability and storage stability is prevented.
Furthermore, when the toner for toner containing the polymer derived from dehydroabietic acid of the present embodiment is used to produce a toner by the emulsion aggregation method, the resin particle stability in the aqueous resin dispersion is good, and the particle size distribution is excellent with a small particle size. Toner is produced.
The details of the wet manufacturing method of the toner include, for example, JP 2009-229919 A, JP 2009-46559 A, JP 2009-151241 A, JP 3344169 A, and Japanese Patent No. 3141833, JP The methods described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-165017, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-20170, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-210959, and the like can also be suitably applied to this embodiment.

[Image forming method]
The image forming method to which the toner of the exemplary embodiment is applied is not particularly limited. For example, a method of forming an image after forming an image on a photoconductor to form an image, or an image forming method formed on the photoconductor. For example, a method may be used in which images are sequentially transferred to an intermediate transfer member, the image is formed on the intermediate transfer member, and then transferred to an image forming member such as paper to form an image.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to a following example.
<Synthesis Example 1>
A dehydroabietic acid derivative (dimethyl methylenebisdehydroabietic acid) was produced by the reaction scheme shown below.

100 ml of ethyl acetate was put into a 500 ml three-necked flask, and 30 ml of sulfuric acid was added dropwise at 15 to 20 ° C. while cooling. Subsequently, methyl dehydroabietic acid (31.4 g, 0.100 mol) and paraformaldehyde (2.40 g, 0.0800 mol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 30 ° C. for 4 hours. 200 ml of ice water and 50 ml of ethyl acetate were added to the reaction solution to separate the aqueous layer, and the organic layer was washed repeatedly with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, ethyl acetate was distilled off under reduced pressure, 100 ml of methanol was added to the residue, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solidified crystals were collected by filtration, washed with methanol, and recrystallized twice from ethyl acetate / methanol to obtain white crystals of dimethyl methylenebisdehydroabietic acid (20.0 g, pure 12/12 ′ isomer). It was. The above compound was identified by ¹ H-NMR spectrum, and the production of the target compound was confirmed.

<Synthesis Example 2>
A dehydroabietic acid derivative (methylenebisdehydroabietic acid) was produced according to the reaction scheme shown below.

  A 200 ml three-necked flask was charged with 20 ml of ethyl acetate, 20 ml of hexane, and 7.2 g of dehydroabietic acid (40 g, 133 mmol) paraformaldehyde, and 30 ml of sulfuric acid was added dropwise at 15 to 20 ° C. while cooling. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 3 hours. 200 ml of water and 60 ml of ethyl acetate were added to the reaction solution to separate the aqueous layer, and the organic layer was washed repeatedly with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the concentrated residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain a white solid (28.5 g, 12/12 ′ isomer) of methylenebisdehydroabietic acid. : 12/14 'isomer was obtained at 1: 0.29). The mixed state of the isomers was confirmed by NMR spectrum.

<Example of polymerization>
(Resin A-1)
A mixture of dimethyl methylenebisdehydroabietic acid (20.00 g), methyl tetrahydroabietic acid (13.72 g), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (30.58 g), and tetraethyl orthotitanate (18 μL) was placed under a nitrogen stream. The temperature was raised until the reaction temperature reached 260 ° C., followed by stirring for 3 hours while maintaining the same temperature, and the produced methanol was distilled off. The reaction is cooled to 100 ° C. and hexadecenyl succinic anhydride (8.79 g), terephthalic acid (18.42 g), isophthalic acid (18.42 g), ethylene glycol (15.03 g), and orthotitanium. Acid tetraethyl (5 μL) was added and the temperature was raised to 200 ° C. After stirring for 30 minutes while maintaining the same temperature, the temperature was raised to 220 ° C. and stirring was continued for 30 minutes. Next, the temperature was raised to 280 ° C., and the mixture was heated and stirred as it was for 3 hours while distilling off excess water, methanol, and ethylene glycol. The reaction temperature was lowered to 255 ° C., trimellitic anhydride (2.62 g) was added, and the reaction was continued for another 60 minutes. The obtained reaction product was taken out into a Teflon (registered trademark) heat-resistant container, and resin A -1 (weight average molecular weight 14,300, molecular weight distribution 4.3, glass transition point 61 ° C., acid value 12.1 mgKOH / g) was obtained.

  In addition, the polymers A-2 to A-9, A-c1, and A-c2 shown in Table A were synthesized by a method according to the above.

(Crystalline polyester resin dispersion (I))
Into a heat-dried three-necked flask, 100 mol% of 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid and 100 mol% of 1,9-nonanediol are added in a monomer composition ratio, and dibutyltin oxide becomes 0.3 mass% as a catalyst. Then, the air in the container was brought into an inert atmosphere with nitrogen gas by a depressurization operation, and stirred and refluxed at 180 ° C. for 5 hours with mechanical stirring.
Thereafter, the temperature was gradually raised to 230 ° C. under reduced pressure, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. When it became viscous, it was air-cooled, the reaction was stopped, and a crystalline polyester resin (I) was synthesized.
The obtained crystalline polyester resin (I) had a weight average molecular weight of 25,000 and a number average molecular weight of 5800. Further, when the melting point (Tm) of the crystalline polyester resin (I) was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) by the above-described measurement method, it showed a clear endothermic peak, and the endothermic peak temperature was 75 ° C. there were.

-Crystalline polyester resin (I): 90 parts by mass-Ionic surfactant (Neogen RK, Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku): 2.0 parts by mass-Ion exchange water: 210 parts by mass The above is mixed and heated to 100 ° C Then, after dispersion with IKA Ultra Turrax T50, the dispersion was heated to 110 ° C. with a pressure discharge type gorin homogenizer for 1 hour, the volume average particle size was 0.15 μm, and the solid content was 30% by mass. A crystalline polyester resin dispersion (I) was obtained.

<Examples and comparative examples>
Using the resin A (Table A) obtained above, a resin dispersion was prepared as follows.
(Preparation of resin dispersion)
A mixture of Resin A (10 g) and methyl ethyl ketone (7.5 g) was stirred at 60 ° C. and dissolved by heating. Next, isopropanol (2.5 g) was added, and the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. Then, 10% by mass aqueous ammonia (0.55 ml) was added at room temperature, and ion-exchanged water (40 g) was added to the solution at a flow rate of 1.57 (g). / Ml) and phase inversion emulsification was carried out. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off with an evaporator under reduced pressure to obtain a resin dispersion A.

Toners and developers were prepared and evaluated using the resin dispersion and the colorant dispersion and release agent dispersion prepared as follows. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
(Preparation of colorant dispersion)
Cyan pigment (Daiichi Seika Co., Ltd., Pigment Blue 15: 3, copper phthalocyanine) (100 parts by mass), anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen R) (10 parts by mass) and ion-exchanged water (350 Mass part) was mixed and dispersed for 1 hour with a high-pressure impact disperser (HJP30006, manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd.) to obtain a cyan dispersion.

(Preparation of release agent dispersion)
Paraffin wax (HNP-9: manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd.) (60 parts by mass), anionic surfactant Neogen R (6 parts by mass) and ion-exchanged water (200 parts by mass) are mixed and heated to 100 ° C. for melting. And dispersed with a high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by Gorin) to obtain a release agent dispersion.

(Production of toner)
Ion-exchanged water (280 parts by mass), anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen RK (20%)) (2.8 parts by mass), the above resin dispersion A (300 parts by mass), and The crystalline polyester resin dispersion (I) (67 parts by mass) was placed in a 3 l three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, pH meter, and stirrer, and stirred at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a rotation speed of 150 rpm for 30 minutes.
Subsequently, the said colorant dispersion (60 mass parts) and the said mold release agent dispersion (80 mass parts) were added, and it stirred for 5 minutes. Further, 1% nitric acid was added little by little to adjust the pH to 3.0. Thereafter, polyaluminum chloride (0.4 parts by mass) was added, and when the temperature was raised to 50 ° C., 180 parts of a resin dispersion was added.
After stirring for 30 minutes, 5% by mass aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added to adjust the pH to 9.0. Subsequently, the temperature was raised to 90 ° C., stirred at 90 ° C. for 3 hours, and then cooled to obtain a toner dispersion.

(Preparation of toner particles)
The toner particle dispersion obtained above was filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water. The toner particles were again dispersed in ion exchange water, filtered and washed. This operation was repeated twice more, and then the pH of the toner particle dispersion was adjusted to 4.0 with 1% nitric acid. The toner particles were filtered, washed with ion-exchanged water until the electric conductivity of the filtrate was 15 μS / cm or less, and then dried under reduced pressure in an oven at 40 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain toner particles. Furthermore, 1.5 parts by mass of hydrophobic silica (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., RY50) and 1.0 part by mass of hydrophobic titanium oxide (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., T805) are added to 100 parts by mass of the obtained toner particles. In addition, it was mixed and blended at 10,000 rpm for 30 seconds using a sample mill. Thereafter, the toner was obtained by sieving with a vibrating sieve having an opening of 45 μm.

  Each test toner was prepared in the same manner as in the preparation of the toner, except that the type of the specific polymer used was changed as shown in the table below.

(Preparation of carrier)
Silicon resin (SR2411 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning) (300 parts by mass), toluene (1200 parts by mass) and ferrite core material (5 kg) having an average particle size of 50 μm are placed in a rotating disk type fluidized bed coating apparatus, and the surface of ferrite is coated Covered with silicone resin. Subsequently, the coating was taken out and heated at 250 ° C. for 2 hours, and the coating film was aged to prepare a carrier.

(Preparation of developer)
The toner and carrier were mixed so that the toner concentration was 5% by mass and the total amount was 1 kg to obtain a developer.

(Evaluation)
-Molecular weight-
In the following synthesis examples of the polymer derived from methylenebisdehydroabietic acid, the structure of the synthesized polymer was confirmed in each case by using ¹ H-NMR. The weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight) of the polymer were measured using GPC under the conditions described above.

-Acid value-
The acid value was measured by the method described in JIS standard (JIS K 0070: 1992). Table 1 shows the physical property values of the obtained polymer.
-Average particle size-
The average particle diameter (volume average particle diameter, median diameter) of the resin dispersion was measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (LA-920, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
~Evaluation criteria~
A: The initial average particle size was 90 nm or more and less than 130 nm, and the change rate of the average particle size after aging for 1 week at room temperature was less than 10%.
A ′: The initial average particle size was 90 nm or more and less than 130 nm, but the change rate of the average particle size after 10 weeks at room temperature was 10% or more.
B: The initial average particle size was 40 nm or more and less than 90 nm, or 130 nm or more and less than 200 nm.
C: The initial average particle size was 200 nm or more and less than 800 nm.
D: The initial average particle diameter was 800 nm or more, or measurement was impossible.

-Fixability (lower limit fixing temperature)-
The developer obtained is mounted on a device (printing number: 50 sheets / min) modified from the copier “AR-505” (manufactured by Sharp), and the temperature of the fixing roller is gradually increased from 90 ° C. to 200 ° C. The image was taken out. The obtained printed matter was bent with the image side facing inward, and then weighted by rolling back and forth one time with a 600 g roller so that constant pressure was applied. The folded printed part was opened, the folded part was blown off with an air brush, and the maximum width of the white background exposed to the folded part was measured. The lowest fixing roller temperature at which the width of the white background is less than 0.4 mm is defined as the lower limit fixing temperature, and this value is shown in the table.

-Image resistant to water-
The image area obtained at a fixing roller temperature 10 ° C. higher than the minimum fixing temperature was cut into a 3 cm × 3 cm square and immersed in a water bath adjusted to 25 ° C. for 1 hour with stirring. After the test piece was dried overnight with a 40 ° C. blower dryer, the state of the image portion was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.

~Evaluation criteria~
A: Image is missing but most remains and no clear white background is exposed B: Image is distorted and missing is confirmed, and white background is partially exposed (less than 10% of the total area) C : Conspicuous image irregularities and omissions are confirmed, and a white background is exposed in many parts (more than 10% of the whole area, less than 90%). D: Most of the image is removed and almost the entire surface (90% in area) The white background is exposed

-Glossiness and gloss unevenness-
About the image (fixing roller temperature: 170 degreeC) obtained by said method, the glossiness of the solid part was measured using the gloss meter by Murakami Color Materials. In the measurement, the incident light density incident at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the image surface and the reflected light density at 135 degrees were measured for each temperature, and the ratio of the reflected light density to the incident light density was defined as the glossiness. A glossiness of 50% or more is preferable because it has appropriate color high-quality images.
Further, regarding the uneven glossiness of the fixed image, the uneven glossiness of the solid image portion was visually evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria.

~Evaluation criteria~
A: Unevenness is not confirmed B: Obvious unevenness is confirmed

<Notes on the table>
* 1 Tests starting with "C" are comparative examples * 2 Ac-3 and Ac-4 used the following toners Ac-3: Commercially available toner (manufactured by Sharp Corporation, MX-70JTCA (trade name))
Ac-4: Commercially available toner (manufactured by Oki Data Corporation, TNR-C3LC2 (trade name))

  From the above results, by using the toner containing the specific resin A having the structural unit derived from dehydroabietic acid of the present invention, the toner satisfies various performances required for the toner, exhibits good fixability, and forms an image. It can be seen that high water resistance and good gloss properties can be imparted.

With respect to the resin A-1, the toner performance test was conducted in the same manner except that the linking group L of the MDA-ME used there was changed to ethylene or 2,2-propanediyl group. The results were good in all items.
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
MDA-ME Image water resistance Glossiness Uneven glossiness L
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Methylene A A A
Ethylene A A A
Propane diyl A A A
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
* Glossiness L: “A” is equivalent to methylene, and “B” is equivalent to “B” rating or less in each item.

1 Photoconductor (latent image carrier)
2 Toner supply chamber 3 Drum 4 Paper 5 Toner 51 Transfer image 7 Cleaner 8 Charging means 9 Static eliminator L Exposure

Claims (17)

  A resin comprising a polymer compound A in which a rosin-derived structural unit is incorporated in the main chain, wherein the polymer compound A has a rosin-derived structural unit having no polymerizable functional group at the chain end. The resin according to claim 1, wherein the structural unit derived from rosin at the chain end is represented by the following formula (IV).

(R ^X and R ^Y represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. P and q represent integers of 0 to 3. # represents a bond. Ring X Represents an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring, and ring Y represents an aliphatic ring.) The resin according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rosin-derived structural unit incorporated in the main chain is represented by the following formula (I).

(R ^A and R ^B represent an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. N and m represent an integer of 0 to 3. The ring Cy may contain a hetero atom, which is saturated or unsaturated 6. Represents a member ring, L represents a divalent linking group.)   As for the linking position of the linking group L, there is a 2-position / 2′-position linking structure (structure a), a 2-position / 4′-position or a 2′-position / 4-position linking structure (structure b), or both. The resin according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The resin according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the structural unit represented by the formula (I) is a structural unit derived from dehydroabietic acid. The structural unit represented by the formula (I) includes a structural unit represented by the following formula (I-1) and / or a structural unit represented by the following formula (I-2). Resin in any one.

The resin according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the structural unit represented by the formula (IV) includes a structural unit represented by the following formula (IV-1) or (IV-2). Represents the hand.)

(Ring Y represents an aliphatic ring. # Represents a bond.)   The resin according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the composition of the structural unit represented by the formula (IV) is 4.2 mol% or more and less than 10 mol%. The resin according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the polymer compound A further has a repeating unit represented by the following formula (II).

(G ¹ represents an alkane linking group, an alkene linking group, an aryl linking group, a heteroaryl linking group, or a combination thereof. X, Y, and Z each independently represent a divalent linking group. Mz is 0 to 3). (* Represents a bond incorporated into the main chain.)   The X, Y and Z in the formula (II) are each independently at least one selected from the group consisting of -O- *, -COO- *, and -NH- *. (* Corresponds to the direction of * in formula (II)).   The resin according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the acid value of the polymer compound A is 5 mgKOH / g or more and 25 mgKOH / g or less.   The resin according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the polymer compound A has a weight average molecular weight of 7,000 or more and 70,000 or less.   The resin according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the polymer compound A has a monodispersity (Mw / Mn) of 3.5 or more and 7 or less.   An aqueous resin dispersion comprising the resin according to any one of claims 1 to 13 in an aqueous medium.   A toner comprising the resin according to claim 1.   The toner according to claim 15, further comprising a pigment and a release agent. The method for producing a resin according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a polyfunctional carboxylic acid compound and a polyfunctional monomer capable of reacting with the polyfunctional carboxylic acid compound are reacted.
A method for producing a resin, wherein at least a monomer represented by the following formula (Ia) is used as a polyfunctional carboxylic acid compound, and the reaction is carried out in the presence of a monomer represented by the following formula (IVa).

(R ^A , R ^B , Cy, L, n, and m are as defined in formula (I). T ¹ is a substituent.)

(R ^X , R ^Y , p, q, ring X, and ring Y have the same meanings as in formula (IV). T ¹ is a substituent.)

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