JP2014047606A - Natural ventilation system and natural ventilation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a natural ventilation system capable of obtaining a proper ventilation effect even on an upper story by avoiding the inflow of an air stream to the upper story from a lower story.SOLUTION: A natural ventilation system of a high rise building includes a first path for guiding air, which flows into a first vertical hole section (13) from the outside, to the outside via a habitable room on an upper story without guiding the air to a habitable room (11) on a lower story, and a second path for guiding the air, which flows into the habitable room on the lower story from the outside, to the outside via a second vertical hole section (14) without guiding the air to the habitable room on the upper story.

Description

  The present invention relates to a natural ventilation system and a natural ventilation method. More particularly, the present invention relates to natural ventilation in high-rise buildings.

  Natural ventilation can be achieved relatively easily among natural energy utilization technologies, and it is widely applied because it provides a certain energy saving effect in the intermediate period when used as outside air cooling or night purge. Incidentally, the outside air cooling is a method in which the outside air is introduced into the building when the outside air temperature is lower than the room temperature from the winter to the intermediate period. Night purge is a method of reducing the cooling load by cooling the heat accumulated in the building and the building during the daytime with cold air at night, when the outside air temperature is low (outside the air conditioning time).

  In high-rise buildings, use the chimney effect generated in vertical hole compartments (staircases, atrium spaces, pipe spaces, duct spaces, etc.) to take in outside air from the lower floors, then lift the vertical hole compartments and exit from the upper floors to the outside Natural ventilation is performed on each floor by forming an air flow. The ventilation airflow due to the chimney effect increases in proportion to the temperature difference inside and outside and the difference in the height of the upper and lower openings, so the higher the building (the higher the floor), the larger the ventilation airflow can be secured, saving energy. It is advantageous in terms of effect. In natural ventilation using the chimney effect, there is always a neutral zone, an inflow air from the outside occurs in the floor below the neutral zone, and an outflow air flow to the outside occurs in the floor above the neutral zone. .

In conventional natural ventilation in high-rise buildings, if there is a large heat source on the lower floor, the airflow that has become hot on the lower floor flows into the upper floor on the leeward side of the ventilation path, and the effects of outside air cooling and night purge are achieved. It becomes difficult to obtain. In addition, when there are many people on the lower floor, an air flow containing high-concentration CO ₂ flows into the upper floor on the lower floor, making it difficult to obtain a good ventilation effect. Furthermore, when there is a place where odor is generated in the lower floor (including the ventilation channel) such as a kitchen or a toilet, the odor from the lower floor flows into the upper floor and diffuses.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and avoids inflow of airflow from the lower floor to the upper floor, and can provide a good ventilation effect even in the upper floor and natural ventilation. It aims to provide a method.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the first aspect of the present invention is a natural ventilation system in a high-rise building,
A first path for guiding the air flowing into the first vertical hole section from the outside to the outside through the upper floor room without leading to the lower floor room;
A natural ventilation system comprising: a second path for guiding air flowing from the outside into the lower floor room to the outside through the second vertical hole section without leading to the upper floor room. provide.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, a natural ventilation method in a high-rise building,
Guiding the air flowing from the outside into the first vertical hole section to the outside along the first path, without leading to the lower floor living room;
Guiding the air flowing from the outside into the lower floor room to the outside through the second vertical hole section along the second path without leading to the upper floor room. Provide a method.

  In the present invention, the air that has flowed into the first vertical hole section is guided to the outside through the upper-floor room without leading to the lower-floor room, and the air that has flowed into the lower-floor room is not led to the upper-floor room, It leads outside through the second vertical hole section. As a result, in the present invention, it is possible to avoid a flow of airflow from the lower floor to the upper floor, and to obtain a good ventilation effect even in the upper floor.

It is a top view of the standard floor of the high-rise building to which the natural ventilation system concerning the embodiment of the present invention was applied. It is sectional drawing along line AA of FIG. 1, Comprising: It is a figure which shows schematically the flow of the air in natural ventilation. It is sectional drawing along line BB of FIG. 1, Comprising: It is a figure which shows schematically the flow of the air in natural ventilation. It is sectional drawing along line CC of FIG. 1, Comprising: It is a figure which shows schematically the flow of the air in natural ventilation. It is a figure which shows roughly the flow of the air in the natural ventilation in lower floors, such as the 1st floor. It is a figure which shows roughly the flow of the air in the natural ventilation in upper floors, such as the 8th floor. It is a figure which shows roughly the structure which controls an electrically driven damper based on the output of the sensor which detects the flow direction of air.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a reference floor of a high-rise building to which a natural ventilation system according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and schematically shows the flow of air in natural ventilation. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1, and schematically shows the flow of air in natural ventilation.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. 1, and schematically shows the flow of air in natural ventilation. FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing an air flow in natural ventilation on a lower floor such as the first floor. FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an air flow in natural ventilation on an upper floor such as the eighth floor.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the standard floor of the high-rise building to which the natural ventilation system according to the present embodiment is applied is, for example, a living room 11 used as an office room, a hallway 12 adjacent to the living room 11, and a hallway 12. It has a pair of staircases 13 and 14 provided at both ends. An inner wall 15 is provided between the hallway 12 and the pair of staircases 13 and 14 and the living room 11, and an inner wall 16 is provided between the hallway 12 and the staircase 13, and between the hallway 12 and the staircase 14. Is provided with an inner wall 17.

  The hallway 12 is provided with at least one elevator (not shown), and the staircases 13 and 14 are used in an emergency or the like. The outer wall 18 of the living room 11 is provided with an opening 18a having a variable opening ratio, for example. In the present embodiment, in order to facilitate the understanding of the explanation, the target high-rise building is 8 stories as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, and all the floors have the configuration of the reference floor shown in FIG. 1. Shall have. Further, it is assumed that there is a neutral belt at the floor position of the fifth floor, the first floor to the fourth floor are referred to as the lower floor, and the fifth floor to the eighth floor are referred to as the upper floor.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, on the lower floor below the neutral zone, air flows from the outside into the interior of the living room 11 through the opening 18 a provided in the outer wall 18 of the living room 11. At this time, the amount of air flowing into the interior of the living room 11 is the largest on the first floor and gradually decreases toward the fourth floor as shown in FIG.

  The air flowing into the lower floor living room 11 is guided to the corridor 12 and the staircase 14 through a check damper 19 provided on the inner wall 15 and operating by itself. The check damper 19 is attached to the corridor 12 side or the staircase 14 side of the inner wall 15 so as to cover, for example, an opening provided in the inner wall 15, and swings around a rotation shaft extending horizontally along the upper end thereof. It is composed of a free plate member. That is, the check damper 19 allows the air flow from the living room 11 to the hallway 12 or the staircase 14, but has a function of preventing the backflow of air from the hallway 12 or the staircase room 14 to the living room 11.

  The air flowing into the hallway 12 from the living room 11 is guided to the staircase room 14 through, for example, an opening of a door attached to the inner wall 17 of the lower floor. On the other hand, since the door attached to the inner wall 16 of the lower floor is not provided with an opening, air flowing from the living room 11 into the hallway 12 is not led to the staircase 13. The air that flows into the staircase 14 from the living room 11 through the hallway 12 and the air that flows into the staircase 14 from the living room 11 rises inside the staircase 14 and is not led to the upper floor living room 11, but on the roof floor. To the outside.

  On the upper floor, for example, the action of a check damper 19 attached to the inner wall 15 between the staircase 14 and the living room 11 prevents air rising inside the staircase 14 from flowing into the living room 11. It is configured. Further, on the upper floor, for example, air rising inside the staircase 14 by the action of a check damper 19 (not shown) attached to the inner wall 15 between the hallway 12 and the living room 11 passes through the hallway 12 and becomes the living room 11. It is configured not to flow into the interior.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, for example, air that has flowed into the first floor staircase 13 from the outside rises inside the lower floor and upper floor staircase 13. On the lower floor, for example, the action of the check damper 20 attached to the inner wall 15 between the staircase 13 and the living room 11 prevents the air that has passed through the living room 11 from flowing into the staircase 13 from the outside. It is configured. Further, on the lower floor, for example, air that has passed through the living room 11 from the outside via the hallway 12 is caused by the action of a check damper 20 (not shown) attached to the inner wall 15 between the hallway 12 and the living room 11. It is configured not to flow into the interior.

  On the upper floor, for example, air rising inside the staircase 13 flows into the interior of the living room 11 via a check damper 20 attached to the inner wall 15 between the staircase 13 and the living room 11. The air rising inside the staircase 13 is guided to the corridor 12 through, for example, an opening of a door attached to the inner wall 16 of the upper floor. The air flowing into the hallway 12 from the staircase 13 is guided into the room 11 via a check damper 20 (not shown) attached to the inner wall 15 between the hallway 12 and the room 11, for example.

  That is, the check damper 20 has the same configuration as the check damper 19 and allows air to flow from the hallway 12 or the staircase 13 to the room 11, but from the room 11 to the hallway 12 or the staircase 13. It has a function to prevent the backflow of air. In addition, since the opening part is not provided in the door attached to the inner wall 17 of the upper floor, the air which flowed into the hallway 12 from the staircase 13 is not led to the staircase 14.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the air that flows into the interior of the living room 11 from the staircase 13 and the air that flows into the interior of the living room 11 from the staircase 13 through the corridor 12 flow out to the outside. At this time, the amount of air flowing out of the living room 11 is the largest on the 8th floor and gradually decreases toward the 5th floor, as shown in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, the check damper 20 attached to the inner wall 15 between the staircase 13 or the corridor 12 and the living room 11 is provided in a flow path (first path) indicated by an arrow in FIGS. 2, 4, and 6. The first blocking member is configured to block the backflow of air from the upper-floor room 11 to the staircase (first vertical hole section) 13. The check damper 19 attached to the inner wall 15 between the staircase 14 or the corridor 12 and the living room 11 has a staircase (second vertical hole section) in a flow path (second path) indicated by an arrow in FIGS. ) Constitutes a second blocking member for blocking the backflow of air from 14 to the lower floor living room 11.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the air flowing from the outside into the staircase (first vertical hole section) 13 is not guided to the lower floor living room 11 and is indicated by an arrow in FIGS. 2, 4, and 6. Along the flow path (first path), it is guided to the outside through the room 11 on the upper floor. In addition, the air flowing from the outside into the lower-floor room 11 is not guided to the upper-floor room 11, but along the flow path (second path) indicated by the arrows in FIGS. It is led to the outside through the (2 vertical hole section) 14.

As a result, in the present embodiment, it is possible to avoid airflow from the lower floor to the upper floor, and to obtain a good ventilation effect even in the upper floor. That is, while maintaining the natural ventilation performance due to the chimney effect, it is possible to secure sufficient ventilation airflow to the lower floor and upper floor, and the air that has become hot at the lower floor flows into the upper floor, It is possible to prevent the air containing high concentration CO ₂ from flowing into the upper floor. Furthermore, the effect of not diffusing the odor of the lower floor to the upper floor can be obtained.

  In this embodiment, fresh air that has flowed in from the lower part of the staircase 13 that is one of the vertical hole sections is used for ventilation of the living room 11 on the upper floor above the neutral zone, and is below the neutral zone. The air used for ventilation of the lower floor living room 11 is discharged to the outside from the staircase room 14 which is the other vertical hole section. At this time, the height position of the neutral band may change depending on the opening area of each part (the opening degree of the window or the door), but the action of the check dampers 19 and 20 provided in the ventilation channel. Thus, the maximum ventilation effect can be obtained while preventing the occurrence of backflow.

  Specifically, for example, when the height of the neutral belt changes from the fifth floor to the fourth floor, the check damper 19 provided on the fourth floor flows into the living room 11 from the staircase 14 ( The non-fresh air that has passed through the lower-floor room 11 on the first to third floors flows into the fourth-floor room 11 via the staircase 14), and the check damper 20 provided on the fourth floor Inflow from the room 13 to the living room 11 (inflow of fresh air from the outside into the staircase 13 and not passing through the lower-floor room 11 of the first to third floors into the fourth-floor room 11) is allowed.

  On the other hand, when the height of the neutral belt changes from the floor position on the fifth floor to the floor position on the sixth floor, the check damper 20 provided on the fifth floor flows into the staircase 13 from the living room 11 (on the fifth floor). The non-fresh air that has passed through the living room 11 flows into the upper floor room 11 from the sixth floor to the eighth floor through the staircase room 13), and the check damper 19 provided on the fifth floor is a staircase from the living room 11. Inflow into the room 14 (inflow of fresh air that has passed through the room 11 on the fifth floor into the staircase room 14 and, in turn, discharge to the outside) is allowed.

  In general, the airflow direction is reversed on the floor near the neutral zone as the height of the neutral zone changes. Specifically, for example, when the height of the neutral belt changes from the floor position on the fifth floor to the floor position on the fourth floor, the airflow between the room 11 and the hallway 12 and between the room 11 and the outside on the fourth floor. The direction is reversed, and the airflow from the outside through the room 11 to the hallway 12 changes from the hallway 12 through the room 11 to the outside airflow. For example, when the height of the neutral zone changes from the floor position on the fifth floor to the floor position on the sixth floor, the airflow direction is changed between the living room 11 and the hallway 12 and between the living room 11 and the outside on the fifth floor. It reverses, and the airflow from the corridor 12 through the room 11 to the outside changes to the airflow from the outside through the room 11 to the hallway 12.

  Instead of the non-return dampers 19 and 20 that operate by themselves in the above-described embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the electric drive type that is controlled by the control unit 22 based on the output of the sensor 21 that detects the air flow direction. For example, a configuration in which the damper 23 is provided on the wall 15 of the living room 11 is also possible. As the sensor 21, a differential pressure sensor or an airflow sensor can be used. The control part 22 controls the electric drive type damper 23 of each part, and ensures an appropriate natural ventilation flow in the whole building.

  In addition, when the ventilation air volume becomes extremely small on the floor near the neutral zone, independent natural ventilation on the floor can be used. Specifically, on the floor near the neutral zone, openings are provided in the upper and lower parts of the outer wall, and by opening both openings, the airflow flowing in from the lower opening and flowing out from the upper opening is naturally Use for ventilation. Also in this case, the height position of the neutral zone may change, so the direction of the airflow is monitored by the differential pressure sensor or airflow sensor of each part, and these natural ventilation are used in an appropriate combination according to the situation. be able to.

  In the above-described embodiment, the staircase is used as the vertical hole section. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration in which a pipe space, a duct space, a smoke exhaust duct, or the like is used as the vertical hole section is also possible. Moreover, the structure using an atrium space is also possible as a vertical hole division, and when there are only a single atrium space, there are two vertical hole divisions obtained by dividing the atrium space into two. It is also possible to use a configuration that uses.

  Moreover, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the structure which installed the non-return dampers 19 and 20 in all the floors of a high-rise building is illustrated. However, in the present invention, the check damper as a blocking member for blocking the backflow of air is not an essential component. Further, as described above, the check damper works effectively on the floor where the airflow direction is reversed as the height of the neutral zone changes. Accordingly, the check damper is provided on the floor where the airflow direction is not likely to be reversed even if the height of the neutral zone is changed, for example, the lower floor of the predetermined range including the lowermost floor and the upper floor of the predetermined range including the uppermost floor. Even if the installation of is omitted, the same effect as the above-described embodiment can be obtained.

  Moreover, in the above-mentioned embodiment, this invention is demonstrated supposing that the high-rise building used as object is 8 stories, and all the floors have the same planar structure mutually. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications are possible for the number of floors of a high-rise building, the planar configuration of each floor, and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Living room 12 Corridor 13,14 Staircase 15,16,17 Inner wall 18 Outer wall 19 of a living room 19,20 Check damper 21 Sensor 22 Control part 23 Electric drive type damper

Claims (7)

A natural ventilation system for high-rise buildings,
A first path for guiding the air flowing into the first vertical hole section from the outside to the outside through the upper floor room without leading to the lower floor room;
A natural ventilation system, comprising: a second path for guiding air flowing from the outside into the lower floor room to the outside through the second vertical hole section without leading to the upper floor room. A first blocking member for blocking backflow of air from the upper floor room to the first vertical hole section in the first path;
2. The natural ventilation system according to claim 1, further comprising a second blocking member that blocks backflow of air from the second vertical hole section to the living room on the lower floor in the second path. 3. The natural ventilation system according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the first blocking member and the second blocking member includes a check damper that is provided on a wall portion of the living room and operates by itself. . At least one of the first blocking member and the second blocking member is based on a sensor that detects a flow direction of air, an electrically driven damper provided on a wall of the living room, and an output of the sensor. The natural ventilation system according to claim 2, further comprising a control unit that controls the electric drive damper. The natural ventilation system according to claim 4, wherein the sensor includes a differential pressure sensor or an airflow sensor. A natural ventilation method for high-rise buildings,
Guiding the air flowing from the outside into the first vertical hole section to the outside along the first path, without leading to the lower floor living room;
Guiding the air flowing from the outside into the lower floor room to the outside through the second vertical hole section along the second path without leading to the upper floor room. Method. Blocking the backflow of air from the upper floor room to the first vertical hole section in the first path and blocking the backflow of air from the second vertical hole section to the lower floor room in the second path The natural ventilation method according to claim 6, further comprising:

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