JP2014023410A - Commutator motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a commutator motor having a brush inserted in a guide formed in a holding section in a predetermined insertion direction ensuring manufacturing reliability.SOLUTION: The commutator motor includes: a rotor 20, a pair of guides 40 each having a brush 43 and an elastic member 44 therein, and a holding section 4. The brush 43 is movable along a radial direction R of the rotor 20 within the guide 40. The brush 43 is in contact with a commutator 22 and slides thereon via an opening 45. The brush 43 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The elastic member 44 is disposed to push the brush 43 onto the commutator 22 along the radial direction R in the guide 40.

Description

  The present invention relates to a commutator motor used for a household vacuum cleaner, an electric tool, or the like.

  In recent years, commutator motors used for household vacuum cleaners, electric tools, and the like have been improved in efficiency, long life, and high reliability. In order to satisfy these requirements, carbon brushes (hereinafter referred to as brushes) are required to have low resistance loss, low wear, and high reliability.

  Conventionally, a brush is used by being inserted into a guide. The guide is formed of brass or a resin material. The guide has an opening at one end. The opening is installed to face a commutator provided in the rotor. The brush is inserted into the guide together with the brush spring. The brush is pressed against the commutator through the opening by the elastic force of the brush spring.

  The brush has a pigtail. Current supplied from outside the commutator motor via the pigtail is guided to the commutator through the brush.

  When the brush is inserted into the guide, the insertion direction of the brush may be erroneously inserted. If the brush is inserted in the wrong direction, the pigtail may be damaged.

  Further, when the brush has a polarity of positive and negative electrodes, if the brush is erroneously inserted, the performance of the commutator motor is not sufficiently exhibited.

  Therefore, a method for preventing erroneous insertion when a brush is inserted into a guide has been proposed. Specifically, a protrusion and a notch are provided on one side of the brush and one side of the guide so as to engage with each other (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-5267

  However, even if the method described in Patent Document 1 is used, there is a problem that the brush cannot be used in a desired direction.

  That is, in the method described in Patent Document 1, a protrusion provided on one side of the brush and a notch provided on one side of the guide, or a notch provided on one side of the brush and one side of the guide. The protrusions provided on the surface are restricted to engage with each other.

  However, there is a possibility that the brush is inserted in the opposite direction with respect to the direction in which the brush is inserted into the guide.

  In addition, even if the brush is inserted into the guide in a predetermined insertion direction, if the direction in which the guide is attached to the commutator motor cannot be determined, the guide with the brush inserted into the commutator motor in advance. There was a problem that it could not be attached to a predetermined position.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and the brush is inserted into the guide formed in the holding portion only in a predetermined insertion direction. Therefore, since it can be manufactured only with a predesigned configuration, a commutator motor with improved manufacturing reliability can be provided.

  The commutator motor according to the present invention includes a rotor, a pair of guides, and a brush, an elastic member, and a holding portion inside each guide. The rotor has a rotating shaft and a commutator, and rotates around the rotating shaft.

  The guide forms a pair of positive and negative electrodes. The guide has an opening at a position facing the commutator. The guide is disposed to face the rotor along the radial direction of the rotor orthogonal to the rotation axis.

  The brush is disposed in each of the positive and negative guides. The brush is movable along the radial direction in the guide. The brush slides in contact with the commutator through the opening. The brush has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.

  The elastic member is disposed in each guide of the positive and negative electrodes. The brush spring is disposed in the guide so as to press the brush against the commutator along the radial direction. The guide is formed on the holding portion.

  Further, the brush has a brush positioning part. The brush positioning unit is located behind the pressed direction. The brush positioning portion is formed by notching a corner formed by a side surface provided along the radial direction and the other two surfaces adjacent to the side surface.

  The guide has a brush insertion positioning portion. The brush insertion positioning part is located on the inner peripheral surface of the guide facing the brush. The brush insertion positioning portion is engaged with the brush positioning portion to determine a direction in which the brush is inserted into the guide.

  According to the commutator motor of the present invention, the brush and the guide can be inserted into the guide only in the direction in which the brush positioning portion of the brush and the brush insertion positioning portion of the guide are engaged.

  That is, by providing the brush positioning portion and the brush insertion positioning portion, the relative position between the brush and the guide is determined. Therefore, the brush and the guide formed on the holding portion are assembled only in a predetermined direction.

  As a result, the commutator motor can be assembled only with a pre-designed configuration, which improves manufacturing reliability.

1 is a perspective assembly diagram of a commutator motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Explanatory drawing of the holding | maintenance part of the commutator motor in Embodiment 1 of this invention The perspective view of the brush in Embodiment 1 of this invention 1 is a perspective assembly view of a guide according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a conceptual perspective view of a guide according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Conceptual diagram of holding unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention The perspective view of the other brush in Embodiment 1 of this invention Isometric view explanatory drawing of the other brush in Embodiment 1 of this invention FIG. 6 is a perspective explanatory view of still another brush according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Explanatory drawing of different brushes in Embodiment 1 of the present invention

  Hereinafter, a commutator motor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a perspective assembly view of a commutator motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a holding part of the commutator motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the commutator motor 1 includes a rotor 20, a pair of guides 40, a pair of brushes 43, and a brush spring 44, which is a pair of elastic members, in a housing 2. Have. The housing 2 includes a cover 3 and a holding unit 4.

  The commutator motor 1 will be described with reference to FIG. The rotor 20 has a rotating shaft 21 and a commutator 22. The rotor 20 has an armature 23 fixed to the rotating shaft 21. The rotating shaft 21 has bearings 24 at both ends. One bearing 24 is held by the cover 3. The other bearing 24 is held by the holding portion 4. The bearing 24 holds the rotating shaft 21 rotatably. The rotor 20 rotates about the axis 80 of the rotating shaft 21 as the center of rotation. The armature 23 is made of iron or the like. A winding 25 is wound around the armature 23. A driving current is passed through the winding 25 via a commutator 22 from a brush disposed in the guide 40.

  The holding | maintenance part 4 is demonstrated using FIG.

  A pair of guides 40 are disposed in the holding unit 4. A brush 43 and a brush spring 44 are provided in each guide 40. In the drawing, the positive guide 40A is shown with a part of the guide cover 42A cut away. The negative guide 40B is shown with a guide cover 42B applied to the guide base 41B. Details will be described later. For convenience of explanation, the guide 40, the brush 43, and the brush spring 44 may be referred to when the polarity is not limited. When touching on the polarity, the brush 43A used for the positive electrode, the guide cover 42B used for the negative electrode, and the like may be used. Needless to say, the polarity of the brush 43 and the like is not limited to the following description.

  The guide 40 forms a pair of positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode guide 40 </ b> A has an opening 45 </ b> A at a position facing the commutator 22. The guide 40 </ b> A is disposed to face the rotor 20 along the radial direction R of the rotor 20 that is orthogonal to the rotation shaft 21. In the first embodiment, the guide 40A includes a guide base 41A and a guide cover 42A. The guide base 41A is integrally molded with resin together with the holding portion 4. The guide cover 42A is provided so as to cover the guide base 41A.

  The brush 43 is disposed in each guide 40 of the positive and negative electrodes. The brush 43A is movable along the radial direction R in the guide 40A. The brush 43A slides in contact with the commutator 22 through the opening 45A. The brush 43A has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.

  The brush spring 44, which is an elastic member, is disposed in each guide 40 of the positive and negative electrodes. The brush spring 44A is disposed in the guide 40A so as to press the brush 43A against the commutator 22 along the radial direction R. The elastic member may be another member as long as it has an appropriate elastic force by pressing the brush 43A.

  Here, the brush 43 </ b> A used for the positive electrode refers to a brush that supplies drive current supplied from outside the commutator motor 1 to the commutator 22. On the other hand, the brush used for the negative electrode is a path through which the drive current that has passed through the commutator 22 returns to the outside of the commutator motor 1. Specifically, a drive current is supplied from the outside of the commutator motor 1 via the terminal 46A. The supplied drive current is guided to the brush 43A through the pigtail 54A. The drive current is supplied to the commutator 22 through the brush 43A pressed against the commutator 22 by the brush spring 44A. On the other hand, the drive current that has been passed through the commutator 22 to the brush in the guide 40B is guided to the terminal 46B via the pigtail 54B. The drive current returns to the power source provided outside the commutator motor 1 via the terminal 46B.

  The guide 40 is formed in the holding part 4.

  Furthermore, it demonstrates in detail using FIGS. 3-6.

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the brush 43 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The brush 43 has a brush positioning part 51. The brush positioning part 51 is located behind the direction F to be pressed. The brush positioning portion 51 is formed by cutting out a side surface 50 provided along the radial direction R and the other two surfaces adjacent to the side surface 50, in the first embodiment, a corner portion 52 formed by the back surface 53 and the bottom surface 55. Is done. In the drawing, the corner 52 is indicated by a broken line.

  The brush 43 has a pigtail 54 on the side surface 50. The pigtail 54 is a bundle of copper wires knitted or the like, and has flexibility. The pigtail 54 is a lead wire that supplies a drive current to the brush 43. The pigtail 54 is inserted into a hole provided in the side surface 50 and can be connected by filling the hole with copper powder. The pigtail 54 has a corresponding length. This length is such a length that the brush 43 is continuously used even when the brush 43 is pushed out of the guide 40 by the pressure of the brush spring 44.

  FIG. 4 is a perspective assembly view of the guide 40 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a conceptual perspective view of the guide 40 viewed from an angle different from that in FIG. The guide 40 has a brush insertion positioning part 62. The brush insertion positioning part 62 is located on the inner peripheral surface 60 of the guide 40 facing the brush 43. In the first embodiment, the brush insertion positioning part 62 has an inner peripheral surface 60 of the guide 40, that is, a rib 71 provided on the holding part 4 and a bottom part that is inclined toward the outer peripheral part 73 of the holding part 4. 72 is formed so as to fill a portion straddling 72. The guide base 41 and the brush insertion positioning part 62 are integrally molded with resin. The brush insertion positioning part 62 is engaged with the brush positioning part 51 to determine the direction in which the brush 43 is inserted into the guide 40. The guide cover 42 is provided so as to cover the guide base 41 in which the brush 43 is accommodated.

  The brush spring 44 which is an elastic member in the first embodiment is configured by a spiral spring. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the brush spring 44 has one end in contact with the back surface 53 of the brush 43 and the other end in contact with the back surface 47 of the guide 40 as shown in FIG. 2. The brush spring 44 is disposed in the guide 40 so as to press the brush 43 against the commutator 22 through the opening 45.

  In the commutator motor according to the first embodiment having the above-described components, the location where the brush insertion positioning portion is located will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 6, in the holding portion 4, the positive brush insertion positioning portion 62 </ b> A and the negative brush insertion positioning portion 62 </ b> B are surfaces with respect to a surface 81 orthogonal to the pressed direction F including the rotation shaft 21. Located in a symmetrical place.

  In other words, as shown in FIG. 6, in the holding unit 4, the positive brush insertion positioning unit 62 </ b> A and the negative brush insertion positioning unit 62 </ b> B are non-symmetrical with the axis 80 of the rotating shaft 21 as the center of symmetry. It is placed at the point target location.

  The commutator motor according to the first embodiment having the above configuration will be described.

  As described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5, the brush positioning unit 51 is provided on the brush 43. The brush insertion positioning part 62 is provided on the inner peripheral surface 60 of the guide 40 formed in the holding part 4. Since the brush positioning part 51 and the brush insertion positioning part 62 are engaged, the guide 40 and the brush 43 inserted into the guide 40 can be inserted only in a predetermined direction. Thus, the relative position between the guide 40 and the brush 43 is determined.

  With the above configuration, the mutual positional relationship between the brush 43, the guide 40 into which the brush 43 is inserted, and the holding portion 4 where the guide 40 is formed is determined. In other words, the commutator motor 1 that cannot form a predetermined positional relationship is not assembled.

  That is, since the brush 43 is inserted into the guide 40 in a predetermined insertion direction, the commutator motor 1 is not assembled with an incorrect structure. As a result, it is possible to provide the commutator motor 1 having high reliability and exhibiting the ability designed in advance.

  It should be noted that the brush positioning unit may have other forms to be described later without being bound by the description of the first embodiment.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the direction F in which the brush 43C is pressed is taken as the X axis, and the height direction of the brush 43C is taken as the Z axis. A surface generated in the height direction (Z-axis direction) when the brush 43 </ b> C is divided into two and extending in the direction F in which the brush is pressed is referred to as a cut surface 82. When the brush 43C is cut by the cutting surface 82, the brush positioning portion is provided so that the upper brush 48A and the lower brush 48B have different shapes on the rear side in the pressed direction F.

  Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the brush positioning is performed so that the back surface 53 </ b> A of the upper brush 48 </ b> A and the back surface 53 </ b> B of the lower brush 48 </ b> B form a non-target shape with respect to the cut surface 82. Parts 51A and 51B are provided.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 10, the brush positioning portion 51 </ b> C is provided so that the side surface 50 </ b> A of the upper brush 48 </ b> A and the side surface 50 </ b> B of the lower brush 48 </ b> B form a non-target shape with respect to the cut surface 82.

  The brush insertion positioning portion is provided at a position that engages with each brush positioning portion 51A, 51B, 51C.

  With this configuration, if the brushes 43C, 43D, and 43E are to be erroneously inserted, the brushes 43C, 43D, and 43E collide with the brush insertion positioning portion, so the brushes 43C, 43D, and 43E are inserted to a predetermined position in the guide. Can not. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the brushes 43C, 43D, and 43E from being erroneously inserted.

  The operation of the commutator motor having the above-described configuration according to the first embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the brush 43 </ b> A disposed in the guide 40 </ b> A receives the elastic force of the brush spring 44 </ b> A and is pushed toward the rotor 20. The brush 43A is in contact with the commutator 22 provided on the surface of the rotor 20. A driving current for rotating the rotor 20 is passed from the brush 43 </ b> A to the commutator 22. The rotor 20 rotates according to the magnetic field created by the drive current. In the first embodiment, the direction 5 in which the rotor 20 rotates is indicated by an arrow.

  The commutator motor in the present invention is particularly useful for a commutator motor that uses brushes having different characteristics between positive and negative electrodes.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Commutator motor 4 Holding | maintenance part 20 Rotor 21 Rotating shaft 22 Commutator 40, 40A, 40B Guide 43, 43A, 43C, 43D, 43E Brush 44, 44A Brush spring (elastic member)
45, 45A Opening 50, 50A, 50B Side 51, 51A, 51B, 51C Brush positioning part 52 Corner part 53, 53A, 53B Rear side (other two adjacent faces)
55 Bottom (the other two adjacent faces)
60 Inner peripheral surface 62, 62A, 62B Brush insertion positioning portion 81 surface F direction R radial direction

Claims (3)

A rotor having a rotating shaft and a commutator, and rotating about the rotating shaft;
A guide that forms a pair of positive and negative electrodes, has an opening at a position facing the commutator, and is opposed to the rotor along a radial direction of the rotor perpendicular to the rotation axis; ,
A rectangular parallelepiped brush disposed in the guide of each of the positive and negative electrodes, movable along the radial direction, and sliding in contact with the commutator through the opening;
An elastic member disposed so as to press the brush against the commutator in the guide of each of the positive and negative electrodes;
A holding part that forms the guide,
The brush
A brush positioning portion that is located behind the pressed direction and that is formed by cutting out a corner formed by a side surface provided along the radial direction and the other two surfaces adjacent to the side surface;
The guide is
A commutator electric motor having a brush insertion positioning portion that is on an inner peripheral surface of the guide facing the brush and that defines a direction in which the brush is inserted into the guide by engaging with the brush positioning portion. The brush insertion positioning portion of the positive electrode and the brush insertion positioning portion of the negative electrode are located in a plane that is plane-symmetric with respect to a plane that is orthogonal to the pressed direction including the rotation axis. The commutator motor described. The commutator motor according to claim 2, wherein the holding portion and the brush insertion positioning portion are integrally molded with resin.

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