JP5214954B2 - Brush holder guide frame, brush assembly, and electric device including brush holder with brush assembly - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a guide frame and a brush assembly for a brush holder of a rotating electric machine including a commutator, and also relates to an electric device including a brush holder with a brush assembly.

  In a rotating electrical machine comprising a rotor fixed to a rotor shaft and a mounting coil, current to the coil is supplied by brushes that are mounted radially around the commutator. A coil is connected to the commutator, and the commutator is fixed to the rotor shaft. The shaft is rotatably mounted on at least one bearing covered with a cap, and the cap is attached to the yoke of the apparatus, whereby the brush is accommodated in the guide frame.

The guide frame has a base and the opposite side of the base is closed by a flat plate that cooperates directly or indirectly with the cap or forms part of the cap.
The guide frame is designed as a passage for brush electrical connection elements such as wires or braided cables, for example. The wire may be flexible or rigid. In one specific example, the flat plate has electrical insulation. This insulating flat plate is fixed to the cap by, for example, riveting, or pressed against the cap. An assembly formed by the flat plate, the guide frame, the brush electrical connection element, and the brush is known as a brush holder.

  The shape of each guide frame is determined so as to receive the brush and the elastic surface pressure means. According to this elastic surface pressure means, the brush provided with the conductive segments in the assembled state of the electric device secures sufficient surface pressure against the commutator and realizes frictional contact with the brush. Form. In order for the brush to ensure sufficient friction with the commutator segments, the commutator is sized longer than the brush, taking into account the overall size. For example, as shown in FIG. 20 of International Patent Publication WO02 / 50981, when the commutator is a rising commutator, the commutator is longer than the brush.

  In this case, the commutator segment has an L-shaped cross section, the lateral part of which rises to form a shoulder, so as to prevent any contact between the rising part and the guide frame. It is necessary to make the axial distance between the rising portion and the base portion of the guide frame sufficiently large. In the specification of the present invention, all “axial” distances between two elements and the “length” of the brush depend on the rotational axis direction of the rotor (ie, commutator). Thus, the brush “height” is set transverse to this axis, and the commutator segments are configured with a longitudinal section parallel to the rotor axis and a rising commutator, with the rotor axis And side portions orthogonal to each other.

  For example, according to one embodiment of International Patent Publication No. WO 02/50981, the brush holder is substantially U-shaped and includes a plurality of guide frames whose bases guide the brush. Each U-shaped branch has a cylindrical region that defines a cylindrical housing for receiving elastic surface pressure means (eg, a coil spring) that tilts the brush toward the center. Each brush has a guide point that centers the lower end of the spring, while the upper end of the spring is pressed against a retaining flap that extends from the bifurcation of the guide frame. Furthermore, at least one of the branch portions of the guide frame has a blind slot as a path for a conductor fixed to the brush. Therefore, each brush is mounted in the frame including play so as to be guided by the guide frame.

In this conventional brush holder design, in order to obtain a larger contact area between the brush and the commutator, it is necessary to increase the axial length of the brush and the guide frame, and thus the commutator segment. The length in the axial direction must also be increased.
International Patent Publication WO02 / 50981 French Patent No. 2726701 US Pat. No. 4,673,838

  An object of the present invention is to propose means for increasing the contact area between the brush and the commutator without enlarging the segments of the commutator in the axial direction.

  An electric device according to the present invention includes a commutator fixed to a rotor shaft, and a brush holder having several brushes. The brush holder has one guide frame for each brush. A base having a shape for receiving the brush therein, and elastic surface pressure means for ensuring a sufficient surface pressure against the brush commutator in an assembled state of the electric device; the base of the guide frame is opened to form a groove; Forming the brush projecting out of the groove of the guide frame, and the guide frame and the brush assembly are provided with means having a shape that prevents movement of the brush toward the outside of the guide frame. The purpose of is realized.

  In one embodiment with a rising commutator, each guide frame has a base, each base is open and a groove is formed on the side facing the rising portion of the commutator, and the brush is a rising portion of the commutator. The guide frame and the brush assembly are provided with means having a shape that protrudes out of the guide frame groove on the opposite side of the guide frame and prevents movement of the brush out of the guide frame. Therefore, all movement toward the rising part of the commutator is prevented.

  In one specific example, the base of the guide frame is open at a portion of the height of the corresponding brush. In another embodiment, the guide frame base is open over the entire height of the corresponding brush. In all these cases, at least a portion of the brush passes through the groove in the base.

  According to this configuration of the present invention, it is possible to use commutator segments over the entire length in the axial direction, and in an embodiment with a rising commutator, the rising portion is used to provide a brush and a commutator. It is possible to increase the contact area between the two.

  In all cases, since the thickness of the guide frame is increased, in the rising type commutator, the brush protrudes from the guide frame on the side facing the rising portion of the commutator, so that the rising portion of the commutator and the guide frame There is no need to keep the axial distance constant. Therefore, according to the present invention, the axial length of the contact area between the brush and the commutator can be increased. The degree is 2 to 3 mm in one embodiment, and in this case, the guide frame is made of metal having a thickness of 1 mm, for example.

  This increase in length, for example, increases the axial length of the brush by about 15-20% relative to the 14 mm axial length of the commutator segment without increasing the size of the electrical device. Become. This increase in length is particularly beneficial when the electrical device operates as an electric motor, in particular as an automotive starter, because it is important that the device can be made compact.

  Of course, this increase in length depends on the application; for example, if it is made from a plastic material such as a thermosetting plastic, the guide frame can be made thicker.

  Another advantage of the present invention is that if the expected life of currently used brushes is sufficient in conventional configurations, the electrical length of the brush can be kept the same as in conventional solutions, while maintaining the same axial length. It is possible to reduce the size of the device.

  In accordance with the design of the present invention, the rear of the armature needs to be blocked to ensure minimal play between the brush and the riser. For this reason, in order to make the cylindrical part of the commutator contact the brush without causing wear, it is necessary to perform machining of the rising part of the commutator at the same time as the cylindrical part of the commutator.

  By machining the commutator into a substantially conical shape, it is possible to press the brush against the guide frame and not the rising portion. Furthermore, the design according to the invention, as described above, prevents any movement towards the outside of the guide frame of the brush, i.e. any movement towards the rising part of the commutator when the commutator has a rising part. Provided with a simple shape.

  In the conventional brush holder, when the wear of the brush is small and the play between the brush and the guide frame is not so large, the axial guide of the brush inside the guide frame is given only by the shape of the guide frame. . On the other hand, in the guide frame according to the present invention, the brush can come out from both sides as described above. In other words, on the base side of the guide frame, it is possible to move in the direction of the center of the commutator and the direction outside the frame, but in this case, dislocation and movement having a turning component toward the outside on the base side of the guide frame are performed. It is important to provide a means for preventing, and particularly when the commutator is a rising type commutator, it is important to provide a means for preventing dislocation and movement toward the rising part.

  According to a first solution, the brush has at least a rib provided on the side on which the conductor is fixed and engaged with a blind slot of the guide frame. According to another solution, two slots are formed in the brush, which receive the opposite ends of the groove through which the brush protrudes from the guide frame. The height of the groove through which the brush protruding from the guide frame passes is preferably equal to or higher than the height of the brush, and the width of the groove is preferably smaller than the inner width of the guide frame.

  With this design of the guide frame, the shape of the brush has a cross section with two parts, of which the first part corresponds to the cross section inside the guide frame and the second part is from the width of the groove It has a small width. On the other hand, this design of the guide frame requires that the brush be provided with ribs in accordance with the first solution of the guide means.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, the guide frame has a substantially parallelepiped shape, and the brush is disposed on at least one of two opposing surfaces adjacent to a surface provided with a groove protruding from the brush. A blind slot is provided as a guide passage for a conductor fixed to the housing. Regardless of the shape of the guide frame, the guide frame has a surface facing away from the commutator, and this surface is a surface pressure means that ensures a sufficient surface pressure of the brush against the commutator when the electrical device is assembled. It is recommended that the shape be such that

Furthermore, an object of the present invention is an electric device comprising a commutator fixed to the rotor shaft, and a brush holder having at least two brushes and a cap, the cap holding the surface pressure of the rotor shaft, The brush holder attached to the yoke of the electric device includes a guide frame having a base and a shape for receiving the brush inside, and a surface pressure means for ensuring a sufficient surface pressure of the brush against the commutator, This is realized by an electric device provided for each brush.
In accordance with the present invention, each guide frame has a base, the base is open to form a groove, the brush projects out of the groove in the guide frame, and the guide frame and brush assembly are directed out of the guide frame. Means having a shape that prevents movement of the brush is provided.

  In accordance with one aspect of the present invention in which the commutator is a rising commutator, each guide frame has a base, the base is open and has a groove on the side facing the rising part of the commutator, The guide frame and the brush assembly include means having a shape that prevents the movement of the brush toward the outside of the guide frame. The guide frame and the brush assembly protrude outward from the groove of the guide frame on the side facing the rising portion of the commutator.

Advantageous electrical embodiments of the present invention may have at least one of the following additional features, alone or in combination.
-The amount of protrusion of each brush from the guide frame is determined so that the brush makes electrical contact with the rising part of the commutator without pressing the rising part of the commutator.
-The commutator has a substantially conical shape, so that the surface pressure against the guide frame of the brush is ensured and the surface pressure against the rising portion of the commutator is not applied.
The base of the guide frame is open at some height of the corresponding brush height.
-The base of the guide frame is open over the entire height of the corresponding brush.

  Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the three embodiments of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a metal cap 226 that forms the rear bearing of a rotating electrical machine such as, for example, a heat engine starter of an automobile. Four guide frames and brush assemblies 228, 230, 232, 234 are mounted on the cap 226. This is described in detail, for example, in International Publication No. WOA02 / 50981.

  In FIG. 1 of the present specification, the washer for holding the brush is denoted by reference numeral 64 as in FIG. 3 of International Publication No. WOA02 / 50981, and the substantially circular disk-shaped sleeve fixed to the cap 226 is denoted by reference numeral 35. This sleeve 35 is perpendicular to the cap 226 and has an axial symmetry axis E perpendicular to the axis DD in FIG.

  Each of the four assemblies is provided with a guide frame, which are denoted by reference numerals 236, 238, 240, 242, each of which is conductive in this example and is in proper operation. Each brush 244 is received and guided inside such that there is play for the brush 244 and its associated guide frame. These four guide frames 236, 238, 240, and 242 are provided on the metal cap 226 via an electrically insulating flat plate 246 that opens outward in the radial direction and has a small thickness. Further, a fixing means 250 for fixing the guide frame and the flat plate 246 to the cap, for example, an assembly rivet is provided.

  In this way, the cap 226 forms a base on which the guide frame is mounted. As a modification, the base may be separated from the cap and fixed to the cap.

  In the example of FIG. 1, some of these guide frames, here two guide frames indicated by reference numerals 236 and 238, will receive negative brushes or current feedback brushes, indicated by reference numerals 240 and 242. The other two guide frames will receive the positive current supply brush.

  In the case of a starter, these current supply brushes are electrically connected to one of the feed terminals of the starter electromagnetic switch. Thus, a conductive wire, for example a copper braided wire 248, on the one hand, connects the brush to the positive power supply terminal, so that the two power supply brushes 244 are connected via the washer 249 that is energized via the yoke of the electrical device. On the other hand, the current return brush 244 can be connected to ground by connecting the corresponding wire to the cap 226, for example by welding, or as a variant of the yoke. For further details, see, for example, FIGS. 13 and 15 of the above-mentioned International Publication WOA02 / 50981.

  Of course, as a modification, the grounded current feedback brush may be mounted in a guide frame mounted directly on the cap.

  Accordingly, the guide frames 236, 238, 240, and 242 each have a base portion 260 and are closed on the opposite side of the base portion 260 by a plate formed by the flat plate 246 or the cap 226.

  Further, as is well understood from FIG. 1, two current feedback guide frames 236 and 238 installed at intervals of 120 ° and power supply guide frames 240 and 242 also installed at intervals of 120 ° It is arranged on the opposite side of the symmetry axis DD which is directed radially with respect to the 35 axial symmetry axes E. The cap 226 is perpendicular to the axis E. The guide frames 242 and 238 face each other in the diameter direction. A similar configuration applies to the guide frames 236 and 240 and exists between the guide frames 238 and 240 and between the guide frames 236 and 242 with an offset angle of 60 °.

  The axis of the guide frame is thus arranged in the shape of X so that the circumferential distance between the two power supply frames and the two current feedback frames is increased. Of course, depending on the application, it is possible to change the angle between the frames while maintaining the configuration of the X-shaped frame axis. For example, the diameter of the disk-shaped cap 226 may be symmetrically arranged, or may be irregularly arranged around the periphery.

  In describing an embodiment of the invention described herein above, a single guide frame and brush assembly will be described.

  The guide frame and brush assembly 230 includes a guide frame 238 in which the brush 244 is accommodated with play. The guide frame 238 is made of, for example, a copper-plated sheet metal and is therefore metallic. A brush 244 is disposed on the cap 226 that is shaped to allow contact with the conductive segments of the axial commutator of the electrical device.

  The elastic surface pressure means 245 is a coil spring in this embodiment, and this coil spring is disposed in the guide frame 238 to radially press the brush and press against the commutator segment to collect current. Forming a track.

  To reduce the axial size of the electrical device, the commutator segments are oriented in the axial direction of axis E, and the frame brush 244 and base 260 are oriented in the radial direction with respect to axis E.

  More specifically, the segment includes a portion of the axis E facing in the axial direction.

  The metal guide frame 238 is substantially U-shaped and has a base portion 260 that guides the brush 244. This base is oriented radially with respect to the axis E according to the method described above.

  The two U-shaped branches each have a cylindrical region in the center to form a cylindrical housing for mounting the coil spring 245, and the coil spring 245 has a sufficient surface pressure of the brush against the commutator. In order to make sure, the elastic surface pressure means is formed, and the brush 244 is urged toward the center.

  At the same time, at least one of the two branches of the guide frame 238 has a blind slot (not labeled in FIG. 1) as a passage for the conductor 248 fixed to the brush 244 in the cylindrical region. The position is changed with respect to the guide frame according to the degree of wear.

  The U-shaped branch serves to guide the brush.

  The brush 244 has a base point (not labeled) for aligning the lower end of the spring 245, and the upper end of the spring presses the holding flap 361 sharply against the branch portion of the guide frame 238. Usually, two retaining flaps 361 for the springs 245 are provided for each branch. These flaps 361 face each other and are cut to form slots.

  The shape of these four flaps 361 is shown in FIG.

  More specifically, a spring 245 and a brush 244 are provided on each guide frame, then the flap 361 is closed to secure the spring 245 and stored in the presence of a prestress to stabilize against the brush 244. The biased pressure is applied and brought into frictional contact with the commutator. More specifically, it is in frictional contact with the conductive segments of the commutator.

  The free ends of the branch portions of the guide frame extend as wing portions (not labeled in FIG. 1) that extend in parallel with the base portion of the guide frame. These wing portions are in electrical contact with the insulating flat plate 246, which is not thick and is a thin plate in this specific example. A hole through which the rivet 250 for fixing the guide frame and the flat plate 246 to the cap 226 passes is formed in the wing portion.

  It will be understood that the presence of the insulating flat plate 246 causes the brush to press the insulating flat plate 246 to support the guide frames 236, 238, 240, and 242.

  As a modification, in the above-described method, the thin flat plate 246 is changed and the two power supply brushes are pressed against the flat plate while supporting the guide frames 240 and 242, while the cap 226 is fixed to the guide frames 236 and 238. It is possible to press the two current feedback brushes against the cap.

  For details on the substantially cylindrical commutator and the guide frame, refer to International Patent Publication No. WO02 / 50981, in particular, FIG. 20 of the same publication. In FIG. Prior to mounting 226, the washer 64 is provided with a holding brush.

  The commutator comprises an electrically insulating part made of plastic, for example, which forms a support for the conductive segment from which the brush is rubbed.

  The electrically insulating part is fixed to the rotor shaft, which is rotatably mounted on the cap 226, the cap for this purpose as understood from FIG. 20 of the international patent publication WO 02/50981. It is a pressure receiving body. The axial symmetry axis of the commutator coincides with the axial symmetry axis of the rotor shaft. This axis coincides with the axis E of the brush holder. A rotor of a rotating electric machine is firmly attached to the rotor shaft.

  This rotor is fixed to the rotor shaft, and is usually composed of a large number of thin plates 100, as shown in part in FIG. 2, and this thin plate is provided with grooves 101 for providing windings 102. The winding extends through the groove and extends on either side of the stack of sheets to form a bundle, one of which is designed to connect the end of winding 102 to the commutator segment. This winding 102 has several coils, the ends of which are connected to the commutator segments.

  In FIG. 2, a coupling band is indicated at 104 and surrounds the coil end of winding 102 to prevent deformation under the influence of the centrifugal force of the coil, and also the end of winding 102 and the commutator segment. Is prevented from being disconnected.

  In FIG. 2, the permanent magnet is indicated by reference numeral 105 and is pressed by a yoke (not shown) of the apparatus.

  In this example, the magnet 105 and the yoke form the field of the rotating electrical machine, and the rotor and coil winding 102 belong to the armature of the device designed as an electric motor.

  As a modification, a field winding is mounted on the yoke, and ends thereof are connected to the yoke and the current feedback brush, respectively.

  In practice, for reasons related to the size of the device, the commutator segment is always longer than the brush.

  2 and 3, one of the guide frames is shown with no brushes or springs and the commutator has a rising portion, especially when the commutator segments that are annular are axial lengths. Is useful. The fixed rivet for the guide frame is not shown. The same applies to FIGS. 4 to 6.

  Conventional configurations of guide frames and brush assemblies generally impair the usability of the entire segment.

  For example, the rising type commutator shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is oriented in the axial direction, has a straight cylindrical portion 1 having a first diameter and a rotating cylindrical shape, and is larger than the first diameter. This is because the rising portion 2 having a diameter of 2 is provided.

  The length of the rising portion 2 in the axial direction is shorter than that of the cylindrical portion 1 having a conductive segment (not denoted by a symbol) where the brush is rubbed. At the rising portion 2, the end of the coil of the winding 102 is connected to the commutator segment. As a result, each commutator segment has an L-shaped current collection segment with two branches of different lengths, of which the longer branch is pivoted to the portion in contact with the commutator brush. The shorter branch, which extends in the direction, is responsible for the connection of the winding 102 to the coil, extends to the rise, and is transverse to the axial symmetry axis of the commutator and the rotor axis of the electrical device. A shoulder is formed in the direction of the direction.

  Appropriate to prevent the traditional guide frame of the brush holder from reaching mechanical contact at its base 260 at the riser 2

  A distance of approximately 1 mm, measured in the axial direction of the commutator, to prevent the risk that the guide frame of the conventional brush holder mechanically contacts the riser 2 at its base 260 and is destroyed by friction. However, it is necessary between the rising portion of the guide frame and the base portion 260.

  If an average thickness of 1 mm is added to the guide frame material, the longer part of the collection segment will consequently be unusable over about 2 mm. Regardless of the presence or absence of the rising portion, the commutator has a thickness of the guide frame in all cases, so that the entire length of the commutator segment in the axial direction cannot be used.

  In order to improve this, the present invention proposes to use the guide frame and brush assembly 3 together with the guide frame 4, the brush 5 and the elastic surface pressure means 6. In this case, by using a coil spring, In the assembled state of the electrical device, a sufficient contact pressure of the brush 5 against the long part of the current collecting segment of the commutator is ensured.

  This assembly 3 consisting of the guide frame 4 and the brush 5 is further mounted on the cap 7, but in one important respect compared to the conventional configuration of the brush holder in the electrical device. Different from the guide frame and brush assembly.

  2 to 6, the guide frame 4 includes a wing portion with a hole shown in FIG. 1 and a flap for holding the pressing means (coil spring) 6 shown in FIG. 1 in order to provide the fixed rivet 44. ing. For simplicity, the wings and flaps are not labeled. However, the guide frame which is substantially U-shaped is modified as one feature in the base portion 260 which faces the radial direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the guide frame 4 is open on the opposite side of the cap 7, that is, on the side facing the rising portion 2 of the commutator over the entire length or total height of the brush 5. In other words, the base portion 260 having a general U shape of the conventional guide frame 4 includes a groove to be described later, and the brush 5 passes through the groove in the present example in the direction of the rising portion 2, that is, the cap 7. It protrudes in the opposite direction.

  The groove is open at the inner circumference of the base of the guide frame so that the brush can come out from both sides, ie in the radial direction towards the center and the commutator and in the axial direction the guide. It is comprised so that it can go out of the base side of a frame. The same applies to FIGS. 4 to 6.

  The brush of FIGS. 2-6 has penetrated the groove | channel. By this measure, the thickness of the guide frame increases regardless of the presence or absence of the rising portion and regardless of the commutator configuration. Therefore, the length of the commutator brush is increased by at least the thickness of the guide frame. 2 and 3, the extent to which the brush 5 protrudes outward toward the rising portion 2 is determined such that the brush does not contact the rising portion 2. Since the brush is very close to the rising portion 2, the friction of the brush against the commutator is further increased by an axial length smaller than the axial play between the base portion of the guide frame 4 and the rising portion.

  As a variant, the rising part 2 is machined, i.e. the side part of the segment and the end of the winding 102 are machined so that the brush can selectively contact the rising part. Therefore, in one specific example, each brush 5 protrudes from the guide frame 4 in the axial direction, so that the brush 5 can form electrical contact at the rising portion 2 of the commutator 1.

  As a modification, the commutator 1 has a substantially conical shape, and the brush 5 can be pressed against the guide frame 4 and not pressed against the rising portion 2 of the commutator 1.

  According to a first embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and shown in more detail in FIG. 4, the guide frame 4 is on the side of the commutator 1 facing the rising portion 2, ie on the base 260. A groove 45 is provided.

  The height L of the groove 45 is measured in the axial direction of the spring 6 (see FIG. 5) or measured at right angles to the axial symmetry axis E of the commutator and the height LB of the brush 5 That's it. Further, the width M of the groove 45 is smaller than the inner width N of the guide frame 4.

  According to this measure of the invention, the guide frame 4 has two parallel ends 46, 46 of the groove 45, which can be used in two ways according to the shape of the brush 5.

  In this specific example, the brush height LB is smaller than the axial length L1 of the brush, that is, smaller than the brush length L1 for contacting the commutator portion 1. More specifically, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the cross section with respect to the height LB of the brush 5 includes two portions 51 and 52 in the direction of the symmetry axis of the rotor and the symmetry axis of the commutator, and has a width MB2. Have. The first portion 51 corresponds to a cross section inside the guide frame 4 so that the brush 5 can freely slide in the guide frame 4 during the action of the spring 6.

  The second portion 52 outside the guide frame 4 is separated from the first portion 51 by two grooves 53 formed in two pairs of surfaces corresponding to two branches of the guide frame 4. .

  The depth of the groove 53 is determined such that the remaining width MB1 of the cross section of the brush 5 is smaller than the height L of the groove 45 so that the brush 5 can freely slide in the groove 45. .

  The two opposite ends 46 of the groove 45 thus form guide means for the groove 53 of the brush 5 and prevent any movement of the brush 5 towards the outside of the guide frame, ie towards the riser 2 of the commutator. In particular, the shape of the brush prevents the brush from tilting with respect to the rising portion 2 of the brush commutator.

  The width of the groove 53 depends on the thickness of the guide frame 4 (in this case, the thickness of the base portion of the guide frame) so that the end portion 46 can enter the groove 53. Accordingly, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the base 260 of each guide frame opens at the entire height of the brush 5 and the brush projects axially from the guide frame outside the base 260 to provide a guide frame and brush assembly. Is shaped to prevent any movement of the brush towards the outside of the guide frame.

  The same applies to FIGS. 5 and 6, and modifications will be described next.

  Although this modification is not shown in the drawing, the portion 52 of the brush 5 has a width MB1 that is equal to or greater than the total height of the portion protruding beyond the base portion of the guide frame 4.

  In this case, in a manner similar to the guidance of the brushes in the conventional guide frame, the guide frame ensures that the guide of the brush 5 and in particular any movement towards the rising part 2 of the commutator 1 are prevented. .

  The brush penetrates the groove in these two embodiments.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the substantially U-shaped guide frame 4 includes a blind slot 43 serving as a passage for a conducting wire fixed to the brush 5 and at least one of the two branches, and a spring shown in FIG. 1. 6 and a flap 42 for suppressing the upper end of 6.

  The branch portions are connected to each other on the outer periphery by a base portion.

  In the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5, the guide frame and brush assembly of the present invention includes a guide frame 204 having a substantially parallelepiped shape. Therefore, it does not have the cylindrical area of the brush holder in the prior art or the first embodiment of the present invention. The guide frame 204 is U-shaped with a base 141 and two adjacent branches 142, at least one of which has a blind slot 143 as a path for the conductor 54 of the brush 5.

  In the same manner as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the guide frame 204 is provided with a groove 145, and the brush 5 passes through the groove 145 and beyond the guide frame 204 and protrudes toward the rising portion 2 of the commutator. ing. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the size of the groove 145 conforms to the shape and size of the brush 5 having the groove 53 as in the case of FIG. 4.

  The guide frame 204 has an internal shape capable of receiving an elastic means such as a coil spring having an action of pressing the brush 5 against the commutator portion 1 of FIG. As is apparent from the direction of the main part of the elastic means toward the straight cylindrical portion 1 of the commutator, in this elastic means, a stopper (not shown) housed in the rear portion of the guide frame 204 is provided between the branches 142. You may fix to a guide frame between. The upper end of the elastic means presses against this stopper, and the lower end presses against the brush 5.

  Therefore, the presence of the flap 42 in FIG. 4 is not essential.

  As a variant, the branch 142 comprises a flap that faces away from the brush and is then folded up towards the inside of the guide frame to form the upper end support of the elastic surface pressure means. ing.

  The guide frame 204 further includes two wings 148 that are used to fix the guide frame 204 to the cap 7 of the electrical device using, for example, other fixing elements such as rivets and bolts. A hole 144 is provided.

  The same is true for the other figures, and the fixing element, which does not necessarily have to be a rivet, is obtained in one embodiment by extrusion from the cap 7. As in the previous drawings, the guide frame 204 is made of metal having good heat removal properties. As a modification, the guide frame is made of a plastic such as a thermosetting plastic, and in this case, the thickness may be 1 mm or more.

  In this case, the stopper may be molded together with the guide frame 204.

  FIG. 6 shows, as a third embodiment of the present invention, a brush holder having four guide frames 304 having a substantially parallelepiped shape, and has already been described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 with respect to the first embodiment of the invention. Each of the guide frames has a cylindrical part for accommodating elastic surface pressure means such as a coil spring.

  Two of these elastic means and brushes are not shown here to show the guide frame 304 more clearly.

  The guide frame 304 has a structure similar to the guide frame 204 of the second embodiment, receives a brush 305 different from the brush 5, and is attached to the cap 7. Each of the two branches in each guide frame 304 is provided with a blind slot 343 that serves not only the role of a conductor path fixed to the brush 305 but also other functions.

  In fact, a brush 305 having a parallelepipedal shape in the form of a single block has a rib 306 whose width is slightly smaller than the width of the blind slot 343 of the guide frame 304. Accordingly, the blind slot 343 also functions as a slot for guiding the rib 306, and any movement toward the outside of the base of the brush 305, that is, toward the rising portion 2 of the commutator 1, And prevent it. The edge of the slot 343 cooperates with a rib 306 that is engaged with the blind slot.

  Note that the middle of the branch has a round shape and the border of the blind slot 343 is defined by a lip 350 emerging from this round shape. These lips 350 form the end of a slot 343 that holds the brush and cooperates with it to guide the rib 306.

  In this figure, as in FIGS. 2 and 3, it is shown that the periphery of the cap 7 is provided with two protrusions 400 having holes for allowing the bars of the tie rods to pass therethrough. A yoke is fixed between the part bearing and the cap, and the cap 7 is incorporated in the front bearing of the starter to form a rear bearing.

  Of course, the groove 345 in the base 260 of the guide frame is simple, and the shape of the groove 345 from which the brush 305 protrudes is square.

  As in the previous embodiment, the brush 305 has two parts. One is inside the guide frame and the other is outside the guide frame.

  FIG. 6 shows that the sleeve 35 fixed to the cap 7 is in the center. Similar to International Patent Publication No. WO 02/50981, this sleeve is inserted in the radial direction between the inner periphery of the sleeve and the outer periphery of the shaft end of the rotor, and serves to support the surface pressure.

It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.
For example, as a modification, there is an aspect in which only two guide frames and two brushes are provided.

  In order to form an assembly fixed to the insulating plate, the wings of the guide frame may be connected to each other. In order to do this, the guide frame is made of plastic and interconnected with each other via a band of annular sector material to form a ring of the guide frame that opens radially inward.

  In this case, the flat plate forms an assembly including the ring of the guide frame.

  As another example, as described in French Patent No. 2726701, a flat plate made of an electrically insulating material is in the form of an elastic, deformable washer, which is pressed against the protrusion of the cap. In addition, the ring is provided with a protrusion that presses against the stator end of the device, and the assembly is made of a ring having a brush holding frame, and the flat plate is clamped and fixed between the cap and the stator. To do.

  This flat plate is preferably provided with a notch to enhance its elasticity, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,673,838. Of course, the ring having the guide frame may have a shape as described in US Pat. No. 4,673,838, and the guide frame is a modified example shown in FIG. 5 in which a stopper is molded together with the guide frame. It may be the type.

  In this case, the flat plate in the form of a washer is provided with means for axially closing the housing for guiding the brush and attaching the guide frame to the ring, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, in the direction opposite to the cap and washer. Has an open base.

  Therefore, the brush holder does not necessarily have to be fixed to the cap, as long as the flat plate can contact the cap.

  The brush holder in this case comprises an electrically insulating plate which cooperates with the cap or more particularly cooperates with the protrusion of the cap.

  As a modification, the current feedback frame may be brought into direct contact with the cap.

  As a modification, the cap is made of an electrically insulating material, for example, a plastic such as thermosetting plastic, and a flat plate for closing the brush holder is formed on the side facing the base of the guide frame with the cap.

  As a modified example, the brush is stepped by opening the base of the guide frame in the middle of the full height of the brush, and the height of the outer side of the guide frame is set in the brush holding frame at the protruding portion of the brush. May be higher than the contained part.

  In this embodiment, the flat plate contacts the cap or is integral with the cap.

  As a modification, an elastic means is inserted between the brush holder and the flat plate of the cap, and a ring is formed by a guide frame, for example, by the above-described method, and a surface pressure is applied to the stator of the apparatus.

  As a modification, the rotating electric machine may be an electric motor or a dynamo.

  The brush is properly guided by the holding frame, and there is no risk of blockage or the like during the movement. The retaining frame serves to guide the brush and the grooves 53 and ribs 306 cooperate with the retaining frame to prevent any movement of the brush outwardly of the base of the retaining frame.

  These two functions work separately.

  In the embodiment described above, the brush has two parts. One is inside the holding frame and the other is outside the holding frame. The outer part has a shorter axial length than the inner part. For example, a surface pressure means 6 such as a spring acts on the internal part having a long axial length, which allows the external part to reliably receive a good surface pressure against the commutator, As a function of wear, the risk of blockage is reduced by the effect of guidance provided by the holding frame, while allowing good displacement of the brush.

  Furthermore, the surface pressure means 6 is protected by the holding frame, and there is no risk of interfering with the rising portion of the commutator.

1 is a perspective view of a brush holder having four brushes according to the prior art. FIG. It is a figure which shows the 2nd guide frame and brush assembly of a rising type commutator of an electric apparatus, and a brush holder in 1st Example of this invention. FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the electrical device of FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is a cutaway perspective view of a guide frame and a brush assembly in which an assembly is obtained by changing a conventional guide frame according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the guide frame and brush assembly according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a brush holder according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which includes four guide frames and a brush assembly, and the two guide frames are empty.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 (Commutator) Straight cylindrical part 2 Rising part 3 Brush assembly 4 Guide frame 5 Brush 6 Pressing means 7 Cap 45 Groove 46, 53 Blocking means 102 Winding 104 Coupling band 226 Metal cap 228, 230, 232, 234 Brush set Solid 236, 238, 240, 242 Guide frame 250 Fixing means

Claims (16)

A guide frame and brush assembly (3) for a brush holder for an electrical device comprising a commutator (1),
The brush holder has one guide frame (4, 204, 304) for each brush, and the guide frame has a base (260, 141) configured to receive the brush (5, 305) therein, and an electric frame. A pressing means (6) for ensuring a sufficient surface pressure against the commutator (1) of the brush (5, 305) in the assembled state of the device;
The base (141, 260) of the guide frame (4, 204, 304) is opened to form grooves (45, 145, 345),
The brush (5, 305) protrudes outside from the groove (45, 145, 345) of the guide frame,
The guide frame and brush assembly (3) is provided with blocking means (46, 53) having a shape that prevents outward movement of the guide frame (4, 204, 304) of the brush (5, 305). A guide frame and a brush assembly. The commutator (1) is a rising type commutator,
The base (260, 141) of the guide frame (4, 204, 304) is opened to form grooves (45, 145, 345) on the side facing the rising portion (2) of the commutator (1),
The brush (5, 305) protrudes out of the groove (45, 145, 345) of the guide frame (4, 204, 304) on the side facing the rising portion (2) of the commutator (1),
The guide frame and brush assembly (3) are characterized by comprising means (46, 53) having a shape that prevents outward movement of the guide frame (45, 145, 345) of the brush (5). The guide frame and brush assembly according to claim 1.   The guide frame and brush assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base portion of the guide frame is opened at a height of at least a part of the height of the corresponding brush.   The base (260, 141) of the guide frame (4, 204, 304) is open at the entire height of the corresponding brush (5, 305). A guide frame and brush assembly according to claim 1.   The height (LB) of the brush (5) is not less than the height (L) of the groove (45), and the width (M) of the groove (45) is larger than the inner width (N) of the guide frame (4). The guide frame and brush assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the guide frame and the brush assembly are small.   The brush (5) has two parts (51, 52) in the axial direction, of which the first part (51) is inside the guide frame and the second part (52) is The guide frame and brush assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the guide frame and the brush assembly are located outside the guide frame, and the second portion (52) is shorter than the first portion (51) in the axial direction. Solid.   The brush (5) has a cross section divided into two parts (51, 52). Of these parts, the first part (51) corresponds to the internal cross section of the guide frame (4), and the second part (51) 7. The guide frame and brush assembly according to claim 1, wherein the portion (52) has a width (MB1) that is at least partially smaller than the width (M) of the groove (45). . The guide frame (4) is substantially U-shaped having a base (260) and two branch parts,
The brush (5) has a cross section with a width (MB2) smaller than the width (N) of the guide frame (4),
The brush (5) has a groove (53) for receiving the end (46) of the groove (45) on each of the two opposing surfaces so as to oppose the two branches of the guide frame (4). Equipped,
The two ends (46, 46) of the groove (45) form a part of the groove (53, 53) having a shape that prevents the movement toward the outside of the frame of the brush (5). The guide frame and brush assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7.   The guide frame (204) has a substantially parallelepiped shape, and a groove (145) from which the brush (5) protrudes through a blind slot (143) as a passage of a conductor (54) fixed to the brush (5). The guide frame and brush assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the guide frame and the brush assembly are provided on at least one of two opposing surfaces adjacent to a surface having a surface.   The brush (305) has a rib (306), the guide frame (304) has a base (260) and two branches, one of the branches being in the blind slot (343). The guide frame and brush assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a blind slot (343) for guiding a rib (306) engaged with the guide frame.   11. Guide frame and brush assembly according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the blind slot (343) is bounded by two lips (350) guiding the ribs (306). The guide frame (4, 204, 304) includes a surface facing the opposite side of the commutator (1) and a holding flap provided at a branch portion of the guide frame, and the surface is in a state where an electric device is assembled. The guide frame according to claim 1, wherein the guide frame has a shape to be a pressing means (6) that secures a sufficient surface pressure of the brush (5) against the commutator (1). And brush assembly. An electric device comprising a commutator (1) fixed to a rotor shaft, a brush holder having at least two guide frames, a brush assembly (3) and a cap (7),
The cap (7) retains the surface pressure of the rotor shaft, and is attached to the yoke of the electric device. The brush holder has a base (260, 141) and a shape for receiving the brush (5, 305) inside. A guide frame (4, 204, 304) and a pressing means (6) for securing a sufficient surface pressure (1) of the brush (5, 305) against the commutator;
The base of the guide frame (4) is opened to form grooves (45, 145, 345),
The brush (5) protrudes outside from the groove (45, 145, 345) of the guide frame (4, 204, 304),
An electrical device characterized in that the guide frame and brush assembly (3) comprises means having a shape that can prevent movement of the brush (5) towards the outside of the guide frame (4, 204, 304). The commutator (2) is a rising type commutator,
The base of the guide frame (4) is opened to form grooves (45, 145, 345) on the side facing the rising part (2) of the commutator (1),
The brush (5) protrudes out of the groove (45, 145, 345) of the guide frame (4, 204, 304) on the side facing the rising portion (2) of the commutator (1),
The guide frame and brush assembly (3) is characterized by comprising means (46, 53) having a shape for preventing movement of the brush (5) toward the outside of the guide frame (4, 204, 304). The electric device according to claim 13.   As each brush (5, 305) protrudes from the guide frame (4), the brush (5) is not pressed against the rising portion (2) of the commutator (1), and the rising portion (2) of the commutator (1). The electrical device according to claim 14, wherein electrical contact is made.   The commutator (1) has a substantially conical shape, thereby ensuring a surface pressure against the guide frame (4, 204, 304) of the brush (5, 305), and against the rising portion (2) of the commutator (1). The electric device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein a surface pressure is not applied.

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