JP2014018117A - Plant cultivation method and plant cultivation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress unevenness of plant growth or quality deterioration, and efficiently harvest fruits or flowers of plants.SOLUTION: In a cultivation method of a plant 10, a ratio of FR light in light applied to the plant 10 is increased in a forming period A of sprouts, and after the forming period A of the sprouts, a ratio of FR light in light applied to the plant 10 is decreased compared to the light having been applied in the forming period A of the sprouts, while a ratio of FR light in light applied to the plant 10 is increased in a forming period D of flower buds, and after the forming period D of the flower buds, a ratio of FR light in light applied to the plant 10 is decreased compared to the light having been applied in the forming period D of the flower buds.

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method and a plant cultivation apparatus for harvesting fruits or flowers.

  In recent years, methods for cultivating plants using artificial lighting have been developed. In particular, far red light is known to affect the growth rate of plants.

  In Patent Document 2, in the early stage of plant growth, artificial light from a high-pressure sodium lamp containing a lot of far red light having a wavelength longer than 700 nm is irradiated to the plant body, and the flower bud formation period or fruit of the plant body. In the maturation stage of formation, a light irradiation method is disclosed in which artificial light to be irradiated on a plant body is switched to artificial light by a high-pressure sodium lamp containing less infrared light on the longer wavelength side than 700 nm than in the initial growth stage. .

  Specifically, in Patent Document 2, for example, green-yellow vegetables such as salad vegetables increase the light-receiving area necessary for photosynthesis by irradiation with far-red light, make it easy to receive irradiation light, and flower rape and rapeseed like calendula For plants that expect such fruits, a light irradiation method is disclosed in which the content of infrared light is made different before and after the flower bud formation period.

JP 2011-101616 A (published May 26, 2011) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-57816 (published March 6, 2001) JP 2010-279295 A (released on December 16, 2010)

Shigeru Konishi, Nutritional characteristics of tea and practice of hydroponics, agriculture and horticulture Vol. 62, No. 1, p223-p232 1987

  The irradiation period of far-red light disclosed in Patent Document 2 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing in a stepwise manner the plant growth period targeted by the light irradiation method disclosed in Patent Document 2.

  As shown in FIG. 12, in Patent Document 2, (i) shoot formation period → (ii) new leaf development period → (iii) nutrient production period by photosynthesis → (iv) flower bud formation period → (v) flower bud It is intended for plants that grow in the order of elongation / flowering period → (vi) pollination period → (vii) fruit enrichment period.

  And before the formation period of a flower bud, ie, the period of said (i)-(iii), content of infrared light is increased and the plant is irradiated with light.

  Thus, in patent document 2, since the content of infrared light is increased over a long period of time (i) to (iii) above, the number of new leaves increases too much and the nutrients are dispersed. However, sufficient nutrients are not supplied to the fruits that are the harvest, resulting in a problem that the quality deteriorates.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to efficiently harvest plant flowers or fruits while suppressing variations in plant growth and quality deterioration.

  In order to solve the above problems, the plant cultivation method of the present invention is a plant cultivation method for harvesting fruits or flowers, and in the formation period of shoots in which shoots are formed, Increasing the ratio of infrared light in the light to irradiate, and after the formation period of the shoots, compared to the light irradiated in the formation period of the shoots, the ratio of infrared light in the light to irradiate the plant The ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant is increased during the flower bud formation period in which the flower buds are formed, and after the flower bud formation period, the flower buds are irradiated during the flower bud formation period. The ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiated to the said plant is reduced compared with the light.

  According to the said structure, in order to increase the ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiated to the said plant in the formation period of the said sprout and the said flower bud, the sprout of the sprout formed in the said sprout formation period and the said flower sprout The formation rate and amount of flower buds formed during the formation period can be increased. As a result, since the amount of leaves and the amount of flower buds developed from the shoots can be enhanced, fruits or flowers can be efficiently harvested.

  Furthermore, according to the said structure, after the formation period of the said sprout, the ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiated to the said plant will be reduced compared with the light irradiated during the formation period of the said sprout. Furthermore, after the formation period of the flower bud, the ratio of infrared light in the light irradiated on the plant is reduced compared to the light irradiated during the formation period of the flower bud.

  Thereby, it can suppress that the growth of the said plant varies, and the quantity of the leaf developed from a new shoot and the quantity of a flower bud increase too much. As a result, it is possible to prevent deterioration in the quality of fruits or flowers harvested by nutrient dispersion.

  Thus, according to the said structure, the dispersion | variation in plant growth and quality degradation can be suppressed, and the fruit or flower of a plant can be harvested efficiently.

  Moreover, the formation period of the said sprout is specifically the period until the structure | tissue which becomes the said sprout is formed in the said plant, and the said sprout begins to expand | extend. And the formation period of the said flower bud is a period until the structure | tissue used as the said flower bud is formed in the said plant, and the said flower bud starts an expansion | extension.

  The formation period of the shoot or the formation period of the flower bud is a period in which the existence of the shoot or flower bud is hardly visible from the outside. During this period, in particular, by increasing the ratio of infrared light in the light irradiated on the plant, the formation rate and amount of shoots and flower buds can be increased efficiently.

  Further, the formation period of the shoots may be a period including a dormant period in which the growth of the shoots is suppressed in the growth cycle of the plant. Until the dormancy period begins, shoots are formed in the plant and grow. During this period, in particular, by increasing the ratio of infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant, the formation rate and amount of shoots can be increased efficiently.

  In addition, the ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant compared to the light irradiated during the shoot formation period during the period when the shoots grow and the new leaves develop through the growth cycle of the plant. It may be less. Thereby, the dispersion | variation in the growth of the said plant can be suppressed. Thereby, it becomes possible to cultivate the above-mentioned plant for a long period of time.

  Further, through the growth cycle of the plant, the ratio of infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant only during the formation period of the shoots and the formation of the flower buds, other than the formation period of the shoots and the formation period of the flower buds. It is preferable to make it longer than the period. Thereby, it is possible to shorten the period for obtaining the effect of increasing the rate of formation of shoots and elongation, so that shoots can be prepared and the effect of suppressing variation in growth can be enhanced.

In order to solve the above problems, the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention is a plant cultivation apparatus for harvesting fruits or flowers, and is lit during the formation period of shoots in which shoots are formed. When the plant is irradiated with infrared light, and after the formation period of the shoots, it is turned off,
In addition, it is characterized by comprising a light source that irradiates the plant with infrared light by turning on during a flower bud formation period in which flower buds are formed, and that turns off after the flower bud formation period. .

  According to the said structure, the said light source irradiates an infrared light to the said plant by lighting during the formation period of the sprout in which a sprout is formed, and the flower sprout formation period in which a flower sprout is formed. Thereby, during the formation period of the shoots and the formation period of the flower buds, the ratio of infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant is increased, and the formation period of the shoots and flower buds formed during the formation period of the shoots is increased. The formation rate and amount of flower buds formed can be increased. As a result, since the amount of leaves and the amount of flower buds developed from the shoots can be enhanced, fruits or flowers can be efficiently harvested.

  Further, the light source is not lit after the formation period of the shoots, and is not lit after the formation period of the flower buds. For this reason, after the formation period of the said sprout, the ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiated to the said plant will decrease compared with the light irradiated during the formation period of the said sprout. Furthermore, after the formation period of the flower bud, the ratio of infrared light in the light irradiated on the plant is reduced compared to the light irradiated during the formation period of the flower bud.

  Thereby, it can suppress that the growth of the said plant varies, and the quantity of the leaf developed from a new shoot and the quantity of a flower bud increase too much. As a result, it is possible to prevent deterioration in the quality of fruits or flowers harvested by nutrient dispersion.

  Thus, according to the said structure, the dispersion | variation in plant growth and quality degradation can be suppressed, and the fruit or flower of a plant can be harvested efficiently.

  Moreover, it is preferable that a plurality of the light sources are arranged above the plant. The said structure can fully irradiate the said infrared light with respect to the said plant.

  The light source includes a plurality of light guide members arranged to cover the plant, and the light source guides the infrared light to the plurality of light guide members and irradiates the plant with the infrared light. Also good.

  According to the said structure, it can prevent that the influence of the heat_generation | fever by the said light source reaches the said plant. As a result, it is possible to cultivate even plants that are sensitive to heat, and it is possible to obtain a plant cultivating apparatus with wide versatility.

  The light source may include a light emitting diode that emits infrared light, a light emitting diode that emits blue light, and a light emitting diode that emits red light.

  According to the said structure, since a light emitting diode has a narrow wavelength range compared with another light source, it can irradiate a plant with the wavelength required for plant cultivation efficiently. In addition to the above infrared light, since it includes a light emitting diode that emits blue light and a light emitting diode that emits red light, plants can be cultivated only by artificial light without using sunlight, The plant can be cultivated stably without being influenced by.

  The plant cultivation method of the present invention is a plant cultivation method for harvesting fruits or flowers. During the formation period of shoots in which shoots are formed, the ratio of infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant is set as follows. After the formation period of the shoot, the ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant is reduced compared to the light irradiated during the formation period of the shoot, and the flower bud is formed. During the formation period, the ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant is increased, and after the formation period of the flower bud, the light is irradiated to the plant compared to the light irradiated during the formation period of the flower bud. Reduce the ratio of infrared light in the light to be transmitted.

  The plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention is a plant cultivation apparatus for harvesting fruits or flowers, and irradiates the plant with infrared light by turning on during the shoot formation period in which shoots are formed. When the bud formation period is over, the light is turned off, and during the flower bud formation period where the flower buds are formed, the light is lit to irradiate the plant with infrared light, and after the flower bud formation period, It has a light source that turns on.

  Thereby, the dispersion | variation in plant growth and quality degradation are suppressed, and there exists an effect of harvesting the fruit or flower of a plant efficiently.

It is a figure showing the annual growth cycle of a fruit tree, and a far red (FR) light irradiation time. It is a figure showing the annual growth cycle of a fruit tree simply. It is a figure which contrasts the time which increases the ratio which irradiates FR light with the conventional cultivation method and the cultivation method which concerns on one Embodiment application of this invention. It is a figure showing the structure of the cultivation apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure showing the harvest period of the plant which makes a fruit harvest object, and the formation period of a sprout and a flower bud. It is a figure explaining the case where the irradiation period of FR light is reversely calculated from the harvest time of the fruit in grape. It is a figure showing the annual growth cycle of a fruit tree at the time of cultivating a fruit tree with artificial light, and a far red (FR) light irradiation time. It is a figure showing the annual growth cycle and the far-red (FR) light irradiation time of a flower bud when cultivating a flower bud year-round. It is a figure showing the structure of the cultivation apparatus which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is a figure showing the spectrum of the light source at the time of FR light irradiation to tea tree. It is a figure showing the mode of growth of the tea tree by the presence or absence of FR light irradiation. It is a figure showing the growth period of the plant of patent documents 2 in steps.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

[Embodiment 1]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

(About plant growth cycle)
The plant cultivation method according to the present embodiment intentionally (i.e., artificially) increases the ratio of infrared light during the period when new shoots and flower buds are formed in the light irradiated to the plant, At other times, the infrared light ratio is restored. In the present embodiment, a case where fruit trees or flowers are cultivated using sunlight and infrared light as artificial light will be described.

  Further, among infrared light, it is preferable to use far red (FR) light in order to efficiently obtain the effect of promoting plant growth. For this reason, in this Embodiment, about the infrared light used in order to acquire the growth promotion effect of a plant efficiently, it is FR light (near infrared or far red whose wavelength is about 700 nm-800 nm) also in infrared light. The case of using will be described. In addition, in order to efficiently obtain the growth promoting effect of the plant, the infrared light irradiated to the plant is not limited to the FR light, and depending on the plant to be cultivated, a far-infrared light or the like in a wavelength band other than the FR light Light may be used.

  First, a typical annual growth cycle of a plant to be cultivated in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The plant to be cultivated in the present embodiment is a plant that harvests fruits or flowers. As an example of the plant, a fruit tree for harvesting fruits will be described.

  Here, in this specification, terms are defined as follows.

  The “development” of a new leaf refers to the time from when the bud grows until the leaf opens. In addition, it may be called the development of a sprout.

  The “growth” of new leaves refers to the process by which open leaves grow larger and thicker during photosynthesis and respiration.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the annual growth cycle of fruit trees and the time of irradiation with far-red (FR) light. (A) of FIG. 1 represents the outline of the annual growth cycle of a fruit tree, (b) has shown the specific example of (a).

  First, a normal annual growth cycle of a fruit tree for harvesting fruits will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown to (a) of FIG. 1, a fruit tree enters the formation period S11 of a sprout around autumn (October), and a sprout is formed and grows. The sprout formed in this sprout formation period S11 is a sprout for performing photosynthesis for the harvest (fruit) of the next year.

  Thereafter, the fruit tree enters a dormant period S12 from the latter half of autumn to the first half of the next spring (November to February), and the growth of shoots is temporarily suppressed or stopped. Further, particularly from around November to around December, it is a leaf fall period in which leaves fall. This dormant period S12 is a period during which growth of new shoots of fruit trees and growth of new leaves are suppressed or stopped within one year.

  In general, as the fruit tree enters a dormant period, the growth of new leaves becomes slower, and accordingly, nutrients obtained by photosynthesis are stored in the roots. This stored nutrient is used at the time of the growth of new shoots in the following year, and is transferred to the new shoots (referred to as commutation). The stored nutrient stored in the dormant period S12 is an important factor that affects the quality of the fruit tree to be harvested.

  Next, when the dormancy period S12 ends, the fruit tree enters a new leaf development period S13 in which new shoots grow again in the spring (March, April, early May) and new leaves develop from the new shoots. .

  Next, the fruit tree has a new leaf growth period and a fruit enrichment period S14 after the new leaf development period S13 until the rest period S12 of the year begins (mid-May to October). The new leaves developed in the new leaf development period S13 of the year grow, and the fruits that have grown after the flower buds formed in the previous year bloom.

  Of the growing period S14 and the fruit enrichment period S14, the summer (July, August) period is the flower bud formation period S15. During this period, the fruit is harvested in the following year. Flower buds are developed and developed.

  The flower buds formed in this flower bud formation period S15 are extended, flowered and pollinated from the spring of the following year to the first half of summer (March to early June) after the dormancy period S12 is opened. -Enter the flowering / pollination period S16.

  Then, after pollination in the flower bud elongation / flowering / pollination period S16, the fruit grows in the growth period of new leaves and the fruit enrichment period S14, and the fruit enters the harvest period S17 in the fall (around September) and is harvested. .

  Specifically, the annual growth cycle of the fruit tree shown in FIG. 1 (a) can be shown as shown in FIG. 1 (b).

  In FIG. 1 (b), the shoot formation period S11, the new leaf development period S13, and the flower bud formation period S15 shown in FIG. This is indicated by the flower bud formation period D.

  As described above, in the shoots formed in the shoot formation period A, new leaves are developed in the new leaf development period B after the rest period S12, which is the next year. The new leaves developed in the new leaf development period B grow in the new leaf growth period and the fruit enrichment period S14.

  Among the new leaf growth period and fruit enrichment period S14, the period between the new leaf development period S13 and the autumn harvest period S17 (mid-May to August) is the nutrient production period C by photosynthesis. Yes, fruit trees actively synthesize and produce nutrients.

  In addition, during the growth period of new leaves and the fruit enrichment period S14, after the nutrient production period C and until the dormancy period S12 begins (around September and October), the flower buds are extended and flowering period E1, and the flower buds are enriched. I will do it. In addition, when the plant from which a flower is harvested is cultivated, the flower is harvested after the elongation / flowering period E1 of this flower bud.

  Then, the fruit tree enters the dormant period S12 after the flower bud elongation / flowering period E1, and the growth is temporarily suppressed or stopped. In the fruit tree, the dormant period S12 is over and the flower buds are expanded and flowering period E2 again in the spring (around March), and the flower buds are enriched.

  After this flower bud elongation / flowering period E2, the pollination period F is reached in the latter half of spring (April and early May), and the flower that has been flowering is pollinated.

  After the pollination period F, until the autumn harvest period S17 (mid-May to around August), the fruit tree becomes the fruit enrichment period G, where nutrients generated by photosynthesis are stored and the fruit is enriched. Then, after the fruit enrichment period, the fruit enriched in that period is harvested in the harvest period S17 in the fall (around September). In this way, fruit trees repeat the growth cycle with one year as one cycle.

  Note that the period shown in FIG. 1 is a rough period, and each period is parallel or overlapped.

  And in this Embodiment, FR light is artificially irradiated to a fruit tree only in the formation period S11 * A of a sprout and the formation period S15 * D of a flower bud among 1 year growth cycles of this fruit tree.

  In other words, the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree during the shoot formation period S11 · A and the flower bud formation period S15 · D, the ratio of the far red light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree during the other period, Increase artificially.

  Then, the shoots formed and developed in the following year grow by irradiating the FR light in the shoot formation period S11 · A, and formed by irradiating the FR light in the flower bud formation period S15 · D of that year. Further, the fruit that has grown in the following year is harvested in the flower bud in the harvest period S17 of that year.

  That is, the fruit to be harvested in the harvest period S17 is a fruit that has been produced after flowering from the flower bud formed by irradiation of the FR light in the flower bud formation period S15 · D in the previous year of the harvest year. .

  Thus, by irradiating fruit trees with light having a high ratio of FR light during the shoot formation period S11 · A and the flower bud formation period S15 · D, shoots formed during the shoot formation period S11 · A, and The formation rate and amount of flower buds formed during the flower bud formation period S15 · D can be increased. As a result, since the amount of leaves and the amount of flower buds developed from the shoots can be enhanced, fruits or flowers can be efficiently harvested.

  On the other hand, when the shoot formation period S11 · A passes and enters the dormancy period S12, the ratio of the FR light artificially increased in the shoot formation period S11 · A is restored. When the flower bud formation period S15 · D is passed and the harvest period S17 is entered, the ratio of the FR light artificially increased in the flower bud formation period S15 · D is restored.

  Thereby, it can suppress that the growth of fruit trees varies, and the quantity of the leaf developed from a new shoot and the quantity of a flower bud increase too much. As a result, it is possible to prevent deterioration in the quality of the fruit that is harvested by nutrient dispersion. In addition, when a flower is targeted for harvesting, it is possible to prevent a reduction in the quality of the flower.

  Thus, according to the said structure, the dispersion | variation in plant growth and quality degradation can be suppressed, and the fruit or flower of a plant can be harvested efficiently.

  More specific description will be given below.

(About the irradiation period of FR light as artificial light)
Next, the irradiation period of the FR light as artificial light in the plant cultivation method according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  When the fruit growth cycle shown in FIG. 1 is simplified, it can be expressed as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram simply showing the annual growth cycle of fruit trees. FIG. 2 roughly represents the annual growth cycle of fruit trees, and each stage can occur in parallel.

  The fruit tree consists of (i) shoot formation period A → (ii) new leaf development period B → (iii) photosynthesis-produced nutrient period C → (iv) flower bud formation period D → (v) flower bud elongation Flowering period E1, E2 → (vi) Pollinating period F → (vii) Fruit growth period G in stages.

  In the case of fruit trees that harvest fruits, (vii) fruits are harvested after the fruit enrichment period G, and in the case of plants that harvest flowers, (v) after the flower bud elongation / flowering period E1, or flower bud elongation. -Flowers are harvested after the flowering period E2.

  And in the cultivation method of the plant which concerns on this Embodiment, FR light which is artificial light only in (i) formation period A of a sprout and (iv) formation period D of a flower bud among the growth cycles of this fruit tree Is irradiated to the cultivated fruit tree. On the other hand, in the periods other than (i) shoot formation period A and (iv) flower bud formation period D, the artificial fruit light is not irradiated to the cultivated fruit trees, and only sunlight is used as usual. Cultivate the fruit tree.

  In addition, the method of increasing the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree in the shoot formation period A may be a method of adding the FR light as artificial light to the sunlight as described above. A method of increasing the ratio of FR light by using only the FR light obtained by passing sunlight through a filter may be used.

  The formation period A of the shoot can be expressed as a period from the start of formation of a tissue that becomes a leaf and a branch, that is, a shoot, until the start of the growth of the shoot. In this case, the shoot formation period A is a period until the rest period S12 starts.

  Or the formation period A of a shoot can also be expressed as a period from the start of formation of a tissue that becomes leaves and branches, that is, a shoot, at least until the start of the growth of the shoot in the tree. In this case, the shoot formation period A is a period including the rest period S12.

  Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, a period until the former rest period S12 starts will be described as a sprout formation period A.

  The flower bud formation period D includes at least a period from the start of formation of a tissue that grows into a flower in the tree, that is, a flower bud, until the flower bud starts to expand, that is, a period until differentiation. It can also be expressed as a period.

  The FR light which is artificial light is light having a peak wavelength at 700 nm to 800 nm.

  The shoots formed in the autumn period, which is the formation period A of the shoots, grow to become new leaves that are photosynthesized during the fruit enrichment period of the following year. For this reason, the amount of shoots formed in this autumn season affects the quality and yield of fruits harvested in the following year.

  In addition, the flower buds formed in the summer, which is the flower bud formation period D, become a flower that grows and bears fruits that are harvested in the following year. For this reason, the amount of flower buds formed in the summer season affects the quality and yield of fruits harvested in the following year.

  Therefore, in the cultivation method according to the present embodiment, the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree is selectively increased during the bud formation period A and the flower bud formation period D.

  In this way, by selectively increasing the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree during the shoot formation period A, the formation rate and amount of shoots formed during the shoot formation period A can be increased. it can. As a result, the number of shoots and the amount of leaves developed from the shoots can be enhanced.

  And by selectively increasing the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit trees during the flower bud formation period D, the flower buds are enriched by the winter dormancy period, and the speed of elongation and flowering in the spring of the following year is improved. This can improve the yield of fruits in the fall of the year. As a result, fruits can be efficiently harvested in the following year.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram comparing the time when the ratio of irradiating the FR light is increased between the cultivation method described in Patent Document 2 and the cultivation method according to the present embodiment.

  The cultivation method described in Patent Document 2 described above is the method M0, the light irradiation method according to the present embodiment is the method M1, and the two can be compared as shown in FIG.

  In Patent Document 2 and the present embodiment, (i) shoot formation period → (ii) new leaf development period → (iii) nutrient production period by photosynthesis → (iv) flower bud formation period → (v) flower bud Plants that grow in the order of growth / flowering period → (vi) pollination period → (vii) fruit enrichment period.

  In FIG. 3, “◯” is a period during which the target plant is irradiated with FR light as artificial light. On the other hand, “x” is a period in which the target plant is not irradiated with FR light as artificial light.

  As described above, in the method M0, FR light is emitted over the period of (iv) the period before the flower bud is formed (i) the period for the shoot formation (ii) the development period for the new leaves, and (iii) the period for nutrient production by photosynthesis. The target plant is irradiated.

  On the other hand, in the method M1 according to the present embodiment, (i) the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated on the fruit tree, after the formation period A of the shoot, compared to the light irradiated in the formation period A of the shoot Reduce. That is, the irradiation of the fruit tree with the FR light as artificial light is stopped, and the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree is returned to (i) before the shoot formation period A.

  In the method M1, (iv) when the flower bud formation period D comes, the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree is selectively increased again, and (iv) when the flower bud formation period D passes, (Iv) Compared with the light irradiated in the flower bud formation period D, the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated on the fruit tree is reduced. That is, the irradiation of the fruit tree with the FR light as artificial light is stopped, and the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree is returned to (iv) the flower bud formation period D or earlier.

  Thus, according to the method M1, since the ratio of the FR light is increased only when necessary, the formation of shoots can be aligned by irradiation with the FR light as artificial light, and variations in plant growth can be suppressed.

  That is, since the formation of shoots is promoted by irradiating FR light intensively during the shoot formation period A, the growth of new leaves to produce nutrients by photosynthesis in the following year is complete, and the fruits that are the harvest Can supply enough nutrients. Also, by irradiating the FR light intensively during the flower bud formation period D, it is possible to carry out fruit enrichment after the flower buds bloom in the next year at a necessary time. As a result, the harvest time of the fruit can be controlled and the yield can be increased.

  In addition, it is possible to suppress an excessive increase in the amount of leaves developed from shoots and the number of flowers developed from flower buds. That is, the amount of the flower to be grown in order to grow the fruit to be harvested, instead of growing the leaf evenly throughout the growing period of the new leaf and the fruit filling period S14, and flowering to enrich the fruit, and Reduce the amount of leaves needed to blossom the amount of flowers. In other words, the fruit tree is made to concentrate the nutrients on the growth of the fruit to be harvested. As a result, it is possible to prevent deterioration in the quality of the fruit harvested by the nutrient dispersion (that is, the nutrient is dispersed and the nutrient concentration per fruit is reduced).

  In addition, as the formation period A of this shoot, in the light irradiated to the fruit tree at least during the period including the period until the tissue that becomes the shoot of the fruit tree is formed in the body of the fruit tree and the shoot starts to grow. The ratio of FR light is selectively increased.

  Further, as the formation period D of the flower bud, the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree is included in a period including a period until the tissue that becomes the flower bud is formed in the fruit tree and the flower bud starts to grow. Increase the ratio selectively.

  The period until the new shoots and flower buds start to grow is a period in which the presence of the new shoots and flower buds is hardly visible from the outside of the fruit tree.

  However, especially during this period, by increasing the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiating the fruit tree and irradiating the fruit tree with light, the growth rate and amount of newly grown shoots and flower buds can be increased efficiently. Can be made.

  Further, as the shoot formation period A, the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree is selectively selected during the period from the formation of the bud of the fruit tree in the fruit tree to the dormancy period S12. You may make it increase.

  Until the fruit tree dormancy period S12 begins, sprouts are formed in the fruit tree, and some sprouts grow and become visible from outside the fruit tree. In this period, in particular, by selectively increasing the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the fruit tree, the formation rate and amount of shoots can be increased efficiently.

  In addition, during the period up to the flower bud formation period D in the period C during which photosynthesis is actively performed through the annual growth cycle of fruit trees and new leaves grow, the period until the flower bud formation period D is reached. Compared with the light irradiated in the period A and the light irradiated in the sprout formation period D, the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated on the fruit tree is reduced. Thereby, the formation of shoots at this time is suppressed, and variation in fruit tree growth can be suppressed. Thereby, it becomes possible to cultivate the above-mentioned plant for a long period of time.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiating the fruit tree is changed only during the shoot formation period A and the flower bud formation period D throughout the year, the shoot formation period A and the flower bud formation period. More than periods other than D. Thereby, the period which acquires the increase effect of formation of a new bud and a flower bud and an elongation rate can be shortened, and the dispersion | variation suppression effect of growth of a new leaf and a fruit can be heightened.

  Then, during the new leaf development period B, the number of new leaves to be developed and the number of flower buds formed in the flower bud formation period D are limited, and the nutrients are concentrated on the new leaves to be developed and the fruits to be harvested. High quality fruit can be harvested.

  The FR light as artificial light that irradiates the fruit tree during the bud formation period A and the flower bud formation period D irradiates the fruit tree in addition to sunlight during the day. Even in the formation period A and the flower bud formation period D, it is preferable not to irradiate fruit trees with FR light as artificial light.

  This is because the growth of new leaves and flower buds is aligned and the effect of suppressing the deterioration of fruit quality is enhanced without affecting the photoperiod response of fruit trees.

  In addition, you may use blue light and red light as artificial light together, and may control day length uniformly. In this case, the irradiation timing of the FR light in one day is not limited to the daytime.

(Cultivation device 10)
Next, the cultivation apparatus which can perform the cultivation method of the plant which concerns on this Embodiment mentioned above using FIG. 4 is demonstrated.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the cultivation device 1 according to the present embodiment.

  The cultivation apparatus 1 includes a covering material 2, a light source unit 3, a power source 5, and a control unit 6.

  The cultivation apparatus 1 is an apparatus for cultivating a plurality of plants 10 using sunlight and artificial light.

  The covering material 2 is for adjusting the light quantity with respect to the several plant 10 in cultivation, or fixing the light source 4 and the light source unit 3 which irradiate light with respect to the plant 10. FIG. The covering material 2 covers a plurality of plants 10 in a house shape.

  A removable light-shielding member is disposed on the ceiling portion and the surrounding portion of the covering material 2. The amount of sunlight that passes through the covering material 2 and is irradiated on the plant 10 is adjusted by removing or attaching the light shielding member from the covering material 2 according to the growth or harvest time of the plant 10.

  This is because depending on the type of plant 10, the quality can be improved by reducing the amount of light. As an example, a net made of synthetic resin, a bag, a bag, or the like can be used as the light shielding member. In addition, what is necessary is just to provide a light-shielding member suitably according to the kind of the plant 10. FIG.

  The light source unit 3 is a unit that supports the plurality of light sources 4 and supplies power to each of the plurality of light sources 4. The light source unit 3 includes a plurality of light sources 4.

  A plurality of light source units 3 are arranged near the ceiling in the covering material 2 so as to be substantially parallel to each other. A plurality of light source units 3 are arranged in a line extending in the longitudinal direction of the covering material 2. A plurality of light sources 4 are arranged in the light source unit 3 extending in the longitudinal direction.

  The light source unit 3 is connected to the power source 5 and receives power for causing each light source 4 to emit light from the power source 5 to the plurality of light sources 4.

  The light source 4 is a light source that emits FR light having a wavelength peak between 700 nm and 800 nm. The light source 4 is preferably an LED (light emitting diode). This is because the LED has a narrow wavelength range and can efficiently irradiate the plant 10 only with the wavelength range necessary for promoting the growth of shoots and flower buds.

  A plurality of light sources 4 are arranged near the ceiling in the covering material 2. That is, the plurality of light sources 4 are arranged above the plurality of plants 10 cultivated in the covering material 2. Thereby, a sufficient amount of FR light can be uniformly supplied to the plurality of plants 10.

  The light source unit 3 may include an optical fiber or the like in order to efficiently irradiate each plant 10 with the FR light emitted from each of the light sources 4.

  The power source 5 is disposed outside the covering material 2 and supplies power to the light source unit 3.

  The power source 5 supplies power to the light source unit 3 when the light source lighting instruction information is sent from the control unit 6. Thereby, the light source unit 3 turns on (lights) each light source 4. On the other hand, the power source 5 stops the supply of power to the light source 4 when the light source turn-off instruction information is sent from the control unit 6. As a result, the light source unit 3 turns off the light source 4, that is, turns it off (extinguishes).

  The control unit 6 outputs lighting instruction information to the power source 5 to turn on the light source 4 of the light source unit 3, and outputs turn-off instruction information to the power source 5 to turn off the light source 4 of the light source unit 3. Thus, the control unit controls the drive of the power supply 5. The controller 6 and the power source 5 are electrically connected by wire or wirelessly.

  The control unit 6 may cause the operator to output the lighting instruction information / extinguishing instruction information to the power source 5, and stores the time and time to be output in advance as data, based on the data The lighting instruction information / extinguishing instruction information may be output to the power supply 5 at a preset time or time.

  Thus, according to the cultivation apparatus 1, the control part 6 will output lighting instruction information to the power supply 5 during the daytime (after sunrise time), when the formation period A of a sprout comes. Thereby, the power supply 5 supplies electric power to the light source unit 3 and turns on the light source 4 during the daytime. The light source 4 illuminates the plant 10 with FR light during the daytime during the bud formation period A or the flower bud formation period D.

  Thereby, in the bud formation period A and the flower bud formation period D, the plant 10 is irradiated with FR light as artificial light in addition to sunlight, so that the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated on the plant 10 is increased. can do. For this reason, it is possible to increase the formation rate and amount of shoots formed during the bud formation period A and flower buds formed during the flower bud formation period D. As a result, since the amount of leaves developed from the shoots and the amount of flowers developed from the flower buds can be enhanced, fruits can be efficiently harvested.

  On the other hand, at night (around the sunset time), the control unit 6 outputs the turn-off instruction information to the power source 5 even during the shoot formation period A and the flower bud formation period D. Thereby, the power source 5 stops the supply of power to the light source unit 3 and turns off the light source 4 at night even during the shoot formation period A and the flower bud formation period D. That is, even during the shoot formation period A or the flower bud formation period D, the FR light as artificial light is not irradiated to the plant 10 at night.

  In addition, after the bud formation period A or the flower bud formation period D, the control unit 6 does not output the lighting instruction information to the power source 5 regardless of day or night. As a result, the power source 5 does not supply power to the light source unit 3 even during the day, and the light source 4 remains unlit.

  Thereby, after the formation period A of the shoots or the formation period D of the flower buds, the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the plant 10 as compared with the light irradiated in the formation period A of the shoots or the formation period D of the flower buds Can be reduced. That is, the plant 10 is not irradiated with the FR light as artificial light, but only with sunlight during the day.

  For this reason, it can suppress that the quantity of the leaf expand | deployed from the sprout of the plant 10 increases too much. As a result, variation in growth can be suppressed and deterioration of the quality of the leaves harvested by nutrient dispersion can be prevented.

  Thus, according to the cultivation apparatus 1, the dispersion | variation in growth and quality degradation of the plant 10 can be suppressed, and the new leaf of the plant 10 can be harvested efficiently.

Further, the amount of FR light provided to the forming interval D of shoots forming period A and flower buds, it is preferable that the degree 10μmol ^{· m} -2 ^{· s -1} or more 1000μmol ^{· m} -2 ^{· s -1} or less.

This is about 700 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ outdoors, and is cultivated when the inventors measured the amount of near infrared light (700 nm to 800 nm) of sunlight (in the middle of the south). This is because it was about 50 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ in the plant community.

For this reason, the light quantity of FR light shall be 10 micromol * m ^<-2 > * s ^{< -1} > or more, and the acceleration | stimulation of the shoot and flower bud formation by FR light irradiation, and the increase effect of a shoot and flower bud can be acquired.

In addition, a large amount of electric power is required to increase the amount of FR light. For this reason, it can prevent that a production cost increases greatly by making the light quantity of FR light into 1000 micromol * m ^<-2 > * s ^{< -1} > or less.

That is, the amount of the FR light irradiated in the shoot formation period A and the flower bud formation period D is about 10 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ or less, thereby promoting the formation of shoots and flower buds by the FR light irradiation. In addition, a significant increase in production cost can be prevented while obtaining an effect of increasing new shoots and flower buds.

  Moreover, you may provide the sensor which detects FR light quantity in the cultivation apparatus 1. FIG. Furthermore, when the reference value of the light amount of the FR light is set in advance and the light amount of the FR light in the sunlight measured by this sensor is less than the preset reference value due to cloudy weather, the control unit 6 The light source unit 3 may be controlled so as to increase the amount of the FR light during the bud formation period and the flower bud formation period.

(About an example of the irradiation time of FR light of each type)
Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the timing for irradiating the fruit tree for harvesting fruit with FR light as artificial light will be described.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the harvest period of plants whose fruits are to be harvested and the formation period of shoots and flower buds. Similar to the above-described fruit, each kind of plant is irradiated with FR light as artificial light only during the bud formation period and the flower bud formation period.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the formation period of shoots, the formation period of flower buds, and the harvest time vary depending on the plant.

  Grapes begin to form shoots from late September to October, and during this period, FR light is intensively irradiated. Thereby, the growth of a new shoot is accelerated | stimulated by the said FR light, and a new leaf expand | deploys from the said new shoot. Furthermore, the flower bud formation period is from late May to June, and during this period, FR light is intensively irradiated. Thereby, the growth of flower buds is promoted by irradiation with the FR light. And this flower bud is differentiated, and the fruit which grows from September to October of the following year is harvested.

  Apples have a sprout formation period from late September to October, and during this period, the FR light is intensively irradiated. Thereby, the growth of a new shoot is accelerated | stimulated by the said FR light, and a new leaf expand | deploys from the said new shoot. Furthermore, it is a flower bud formation period from July to the beginning of August, and the FR light is intensively irradiated during this period. Thereby, the growth of flower buds is promoted by irradiation with the FR light. The flower buds are differentiated, and fruits are harvested from September to early December of the following year.

  Pear is a bud formation period from late September to October, and during this period, FR light is intensively irradiated. Thereby, the growth of a new shoot is accelerated | stimulated by the said FR light, and a new leaf expand | deploys from the said new shoot. Furthermore, the flower bud formation period starts from the end of June to the beginning of August, and the FR light is intensively irradiated during this period. Thereby, the growth of flower buds is promoted by irradiation with the FR light. Then, the flower buds are differentiated, and the fruits are harvested from the end of September to the beginning of December of the following year.

  Oysters have a sprout formation period from about late September to October, and during this period, FR light is intensively irradiated. Thereby, the growth of a new shoot is accelerated | stimulated by the said FR light, and a new leaf expand | deploys from the said new shoot. Furthermore, it is a flower bud formation period from July to the beginning of August, and the FR light is intensively irradiated during this period. Thereby, the growth of flower buds is promoted by irradiation with the FR light. And this flower bud is differentiated, and the fruit which is harvested from the end of October to the beginning of December of the following year is harvested.

  Satsuma mandarin is a period of shoot formation from about late September to October, and during this period, FR light is intensively irradiated. Thereby, the growth of a new shoot is accelerated | stimulated by the said FR light, and a new leaf expand | deploys from the said new shoot. Furthermore, the flower bud formation period starts from the end of December to the beginning of March of the following year, and the FR light is intensively irradiated during this period. Thereby, the growth of flower buds is promoted by irradiation with the FR light. And this flower bud is differentiated, and fruits are harvested from October to December.

  Thus, by grasping the formation period of shoots and flower buds according to each plant and irradiating the FR light as artificial light only during the formation period of these shoots and flower buds, It is possible to control the growth rate of new leaves developed from the shoots and the growth rate of flower buds.

  As a result, it is possible to efficiently harvest flowers or fruits for each plant without causing variations in plant growth or quality degradation.

  In addition, the annual growth cycle of each plant shown in FIG.1 and FIG.5 is an example. Actually, it varies greatly depending on the type, variety, cultivation environment, etc. of the plant to be cultivated.

(About the method of calculating the FR light irradiation time from the harvest time)
Next, with reference to FIG. 6, a method for calculating back the bud and flower bud formation periods from the harvest time of the flowers or fruits will be described.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a case where the irradiation period of the FR light is calculated backward from the fruit harvest time in grapes. From the fruit harvest time, the approximate period of new shoots and flower buds can be calculated back. Below, the case of grape is demonstrated as an example.

  Many plants enter dormancy for 12 to 16 weeks in winter, during which shoots and flower buds stop growing. Assuming a dormancy of 16 weeks, grapes have a flower bud formation period from about 62 weeks before the September harvest period, and a new shoot formation period from about 46 weeks before the September harvest period. Become. That is, it is a period during which the fruit tree should be irradiated with FR light.

  In addition, for example, in the case of tea trees, when the irradiation of FR light is started on a tea tree in a state where almost no buds are seen, elongation of new shoots can be confirmed after about two weeks. Then, after that, new leaves are developed from the shoots, and in about 4 to 6 weeks, the new leaves can be harvested.

  Thus, from the harvest time, it is possible to calculate the formation period of new shoots and flower buds, which is the time when the FR light should be irradiated.

  As described above, the formation period of shoots can be expressed as a period including at least a period until a shoot tissue is formed in a tree and starts to grow. The flower bud formation period can be expressed as a period including at least a period until a flower bud tissue is formed in the tree and starts to grow.

  That is, the formation period of shoots and the formation period of flower buds include the period before the shoots or flower buds extend, and the period is actually a period in which the shoots or flower buds are not yet visible to the operator. . For this reason, during the anniversary, the shoot formation period and the flower bud formation of the plant being cultivated by grasping for each plant in advance the formation period of the shoot and the formation period of the flower bud for each plant. During the period, the FR light as artificial light can be effectively irradiated.

[Embodiment 2]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  This Embodiment demonstrates the cultivation cycle in the case of carrying out the annual cultivation of the fruit tree which harvests a fruit only with perfect artificial light, without using sunlight.

  The cultivation apparatus 1 is configured so that the covering material 2 is completely shielded from sunlight from what has been described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG. The light source unit 3 includes not only an LED that emits FR light but also a light source 4 that includes an LED (light emitting diode) that emits blue light and an LED (light emitting diode) that emits red light. In the present embodiment, the plant 10 is a fruit tree. The covering material 2 may be replaced with a building that blocks sunlight.

  During a period other than the bud formation period and the flower bud formation period of the plant 10, the control unit 6 uses a power source 5 to irradiate the plant 10 with mixed light composed of blue light and red light during the day. The light source unit 3 is controlled.

  Thereby, the light source unit 3 irradiates the plant 10 with mixed light composed of blue light and red light instead of daylight and sunlight during periods other than the bud formation period and the flower bud formation period of the plant 10. To do. The blue light and the red light mainly act on the fruit tree as light for causing the fruit tree to perform photosynthesis.

  And the control part 6 irradiates the plant 10 with the mixed light which consists of FR light in addition to blue light and red light in the daytime during the bud formation period and the flower bud formation period of the plant 10. The light source unit 3 is controlled through the power source 5.

  Thereby, the light source unit 3 gives the plant 10 mixed light composed of blue light, red light, and FR light instead of daytime and sunlight during the shoot formation period and flower bud formation period of the plant 10. Irradiate.

Here, an example of each light quantity of the light source 4 in the bud formation period and the flower bud formation period is as follows. The unit is [μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ ].
Blue light (wavelength 400 nm to 500 nm): 50
Red light (wavelength 600 nm to 700 nm): 250
FR light (wavelength 700 to 800 nm): 100
An example of each light quantity of the light source 4 other than the bud formation period and the flower bud formation period is as follows.
Blue light (wavelength 400 nm to 500 nm): 50
Red light (wavelength 600 nm to 700 nm): 250
FR light (wavelength 700 to 800 nm): 0
Note that, at night, the control unit 6 turns off each light source 4 regardless of whether or not it is a bud formation period and a flower bud formation period.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an annual growth cycle of fruit trees and a far red (FR) light irradiation time when cultivating fruit trees with artificial light. By using the cultivation apparatus 1 mentioned above, it is possible to implement | achieve a several growth cycle (annual cultivation) one after another in the year of a fruit tree as shown in FIG.

  First, the plant 10 enters a new leaf development period S1 in which shoots grow and new leaves develop, after which the developed new leaves grow and new leaves that are enriched by photosynthesis. The growth period and fruit enrichment period S2 begins. Then, after this new leaf growth and fruit enrichment period S2, the plant 10 enters a dormant period S3 in which the growth of new leaves, shoots, flower buds and the like stops. This is one cycle of the growth cycle of the plant 10.

  In parallel with this new leaf development period S1, the flower buds that have differentiated in the previous year enter an elongation / flowering / pollination period S21.

  Then, during the fresh leaf growth period and the fruit enrichment period S2, the plant 10 enters the flower bud formation period 22 and the harvest period in order, and the fruits are harvested. Then, the bud formation period S23 is entered immediately before the dormant period S3. As described above, the flower bud formation period 22 and the new bud formation period S23 are obtained by calculating backward from the harvest period in advance. Then, in the flower bud formation period 22 and the shoot formation period S23, the FR light as artificial light is preferentially irradiated.

  The fruit to be harvested in this harvest period is a fruit that has been irradiated with the FR light in the flower bud development period S22 of the previous year, and has grown from the flower bud.

  Then, after the dormant period S3, the plant 10 repeats the growth cycle again through a new leaf development period, a new leaf growth period and a fruit enrichment period, a harvest period, and a dormancy period. Thereby, the plant 10 is grown year-round.

  From this new leaf development period S1 to just before the flower bud formation period 22, the control unit 6 causes the light source unit 3 to irradiate the red light, the blue light, and the plant 10 through the power source 5, and the FR light is emitted from the plant 10. Do not let go.

  Accordingly, the light source unit 3 turns on the LED that emits blue light and the LED that emits red light, and does not turn on the LED that emits FR light. Thereby, the dispersion | variation in the growth speed of the new leaf and flower bud of the plant 10 can be suppressed, and the quality fall of the fruit harvested can be prevented.

  When the flower bud formation period S22 comes, the control unit 6 causes the light source unit 3 to irradiate the plant 10 with the FR light in addition to the red light and the blue light during the daytime through the power source 5. Thereby, the light source unit 3 turns on the LED that emits blue light and the LED that emits red light, and also turns on the LED that emits FR light. Thereby, the mixed light which added the FR light to the red light and the blue light is irradiated to the plant 10. As a result, the formation speed of flower buds formed in the flower bud formation period S22 can be improved.

  Then, after the flower bud formation period S22, the control unit 6 passes the power source 5 to the light source unit 3 to the light source unit 3 through the harvest period and the shoot formation period S23. 10 is irradiated, and the FR light is not irradiated to the plant 10.

  Accordingly, the light source unit 3 turns on the LED that emits blue light and the LED that emits red light, and does not turn on the LED that emits FR light. Thereby, the dispersion | variation in the growth rate of the new leaf and flower bud of the plant 10 in the meantime can be suppressed, and the quality fall of the fruit harvested can be prevented.

  When the sprout formation period S23 comes, the control unit 6 causes the light source unit 3 to irradiate the plant 10 with the FR light in addition to the red light and the blue light during the day through the power source 5. Thereby, the light source unit 3 turns on the LED that emits blue light and the LED that emits red light, and also turns on the LED that emits FR light. Thereby, the mixed light which added the FR light to the red light and the blue light is irradiated to the plant 10. As a result, the formation rate of the shoots formed in the shoot formation period S23 can be improved.

  Then, when the shoot formation period S23 has passed and the dormancy period S3 has come, the control unit 6 supplies the light source unit 3 with red light and blue light through the power source 5 until the next shoot formation period. The plant 10 is irradiated, and the FR light is not irradiated to the plant 10.

  Accordingly, the light source unit 3 turns on the LED that emits blue light and the LED that emits red light, and does not turn on the LED that emits FR light. Thereby, the dispersion | variation in the growth rate of the new leaf of the plant 10 in the meantime can be suppressed, and the quality fall of a fruit can be prevented. Thereafter, similarly, the controller 6 controls the light source 4 so that the plant 10 is irradiated with the FR light only during the shoot formation period and the flower bud formation period.

  Note that, at night, even when the bud formation period and the flower bud formation period, the control unit 6 causes the light source unit 3 to turn off the light source 4 through the power source 5. As a result, the light source unit 3 turns off the LEDs emitting blue light, red light, and FR light at night.

  Thus, cultivation device 1 concerning this embodiment is provided with LED which emits FR light, LED which emits blue light, and LED which emits red light as light source 4. Since the wavelength range of the LED is narrower than other light sources, the plant 10 can be efficiently irradiated with a wavelength necessary for the cultivation of the plant 10. Moreover, since the cultivation apparatus 1 is equipped with LED which emits blue light, and LED which emits red light other than LED which emits FR light, it does not use sunlight, but uses only artificial light to plant 10 The plant 10 can be cultivated, and the plant 10 can be cultivated stably regardless of the weather and season.

  Moreover, the growth state of the plant 10 can be optimized by determining the irradiation time of the FR light in anticipation of the fruit harvest time and the flower bud formation period. That is, it is possible to artificially control one growth cycle of the plant 10 without being limited to one year by irradiating the FR light intensively at a time calculated backward from the harvest time of the fruit of the plant 10. . Moreover, it is possible to harvest fruits efficiently regardless of the weather.

  In particular, the growth period S2 of new leaves and the fruit enrichment period S2 are periods in which, during the growth cycle of the plant 10, photosynthesis is actively performed and new leaves are grown and the fruit is enriched. For this reason, in particular, the period up to the flower bud formation period S22, which is a part of the fruit growth period S2 and the fruit enrichment period S2, and the period after the flower bud formation period S22, to the period of the shoot formation S23, Compared with the light irradiated in the formation period S22 and the shoot formation period S23, by reducing the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated on the fruit tree, the variation in the growth speed of the new leaves and flower buds of the plant 10 is suppressed and harvested. The effect which prevents the fall of the quality of a fruit can be heightened.

  In addition, the length of each period shown in FIG. 7 and the necessity of a dormant period differ with the kind of fruit trees to grow.

[Embodiment 3]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This Embodiment demonstrates the cultivation cycle in the case of the annual cultivation of the floret which harvests a flower only with perfect artificial light, without using sunlight.

  The cultivation apparatus 1 is the same as that described in the second embodiment. In the present embodiment, the plant 10 is a flower bud.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the annual growth cycle of florets and the time of far-red (FR) light irradiation when cultivating florets for the year.

  The plant 10 progresses through the growth stages in the order of a new leaf development period S101, a new leaf growth period S102, a dormancy period S103, a new leaf development period S104, a new leaf growth period S105, a dormancy period S106,. Go. The initial period of the new leaf development periods S101 and S104 is the flower bud formation periods S111 and S141. After the flower bud formation periods S111 and S141, the flower bud elongation and flowering period S112 starts from the late stage of the new leaf development period S101 and S104 to the early period of the new leaf growth period S102 and S105. Then, after this flower bud elongation / flowering period S112, it becomes a harvesting period in which the flowered flowers are harvested. After this harvesting period, the late period of new leaves S102 and S105, and immediately before the dormant periods S103 and S106, are the shoot formation periods S121 and S151. Then, after the dormancy period S103 has elapsed, the new leaves are developed in the new leaf development period after the dormancy period S103. And the new leaf grows in the growth period of the new leaf, and enters the dormancy period again. Thereafter, by repeating, the plant 10 repeats the growth cycle and is cultivated throughout the year.

  In this growth cycle, in addition to the blue light / red light from the light source 4 as artificial light, the FR light is irradiated during the flower bud formation period S111, S141,... And the new shoot formation period S121, S151,.

  And in periods other than the flower bud formation periods S111, S141... And the shoot formation periods S121, S151..., The plant 10 is irradiated with blue light / red light by the light source 4 as artificial light, No FR light is irradiated.

  When the flower bud formation periods S111 and S141 come, the control unit 6 causes the light source unit 3 to irradiate the plant 10 with blue light, red light, and FR light through the power source 5. As a result, the light source unit 3 turns on the LEDs that emit blue light, red light, and FR light, and irradiates the plant 10 with the blue light, red light, and FR light.

  When the flower bud formation periods S111 and S141 have passed and the flower bud extension and flowering periods S112 and S142 have come, the control unit 6 supplies the light source unit 3 to the light source unit 3 through the power source 5 until the new leaf formation periods S121 and S151 come. The plant 10 is irradiated with light and red light. Thereby, the light source unit 3 turns on the LED emitting blue light / red light and irradiates the plant 10 with the blue light / red light.

  When the new leaf formation periods S121 and S151 come, the control unit 6 causes the light source unit 3 to irradiate the plant 10 with blue light, red light, and FR light through the power supply 5. Thereby, the light source unit 3 turns on the LED emitting blue light, red light, and FR light, and irradiates the plant 10 with the FR light together with the blue light and the red light.

  Then, when the new leaf formation periods S121 and S151 have passed and the dormant periods S103 and S106 have come, the control unit 6 causes the light source unit 3 to stop irradiating the plant 10 with the FR light through the power source 5. Thereby, the light source unit 3 turns off the LED that emits the FR light, and irradiates the plant 10 with blue light / red light.

  At night, the control unit 6 causes the light source unit 3 to turn off the light source 4 through the power source 5. As a result, the light source unit 3 turns off the LEDs emitting blue light, red light, and FR light at night.

  As described above, according to the cultivation method according to the present embodiment, the ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the plant 10 in the flower bud formation periods S111, S141, and the shoot formation periods S121, S151,. After the flower bud formation periods S111, S141, and the shoot formation periods S121, S151, and so on, the flower bud formation periods S111, S141, and the shoot formation periods S121, S151, The ratio of the FR light in the light irradiated to the plant 10 is reduced compared to the light irradiated to.

  As a result, variation in growth and quality degradation of the plant 10 can be suppressed, and flowers can be efficiently harvested.

  In particular, the new leaf growth period S102 and S105 is a period during which the new leaf grows vigorously through photosynthesis in the growth cycle of the plant 10. For this reason, in particular, the FR in the light irradiated on the plant 10 in the period up to the shoot formation period S121 and S151 in the new leaf growth period S102 and S105 as compared with the light irradiated in the shoot formation period S121 and S151. By reducing the ratio of light, it is possible to suppress the variation in the growth rate of the new leaves of the plant 10 and enhance the effect of preventing the quality of the harvested flowers from being deteriorated.

[Embodiment 4]
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 11 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

  The cultivation apparatus 11 is different from the cultivation apparatus 1 in that a light source unit 30 is provided instead of the light source unit 3 of the cultivation apparatus 1. Other configurations of the cultivation device 11 are the same as those of the cultivation device 1.

  The cultivation apparatus 11 includes a covering material 2, a light source unit 30, a power source 5, and a control unit 6.

  The light source unit 30 includes a plurality of light sources 4, support pillars 32, and a plurality of light guide members 31.

  One end of the support pillar 32 is connected to the power source 5. The support column 32 extends in the longitudinal direction of the covering material 2 and is arranged in the covering material 2. The plurality of light sources 4 are arranged on the support column 32 side by side in the extending direction of the support column 32.

  The plurality of light guide members 31 are arranged substantially parallel to each other along the extending direction of the support column 32. One end of each of the plurality of light guide members 31 is connected to the support pillar 32, and light from the light source 4 disposed on the support pillar 32 can be guided. Each of the plurality of light guide members 31 is arranged so as to extend from one end portion into a shape along the ceiling of the covering material 2.

  The light guide member 31 is made of a material that guides light, and includes, for example, a light guide rod, an optical fiber, or the like.

  In the cultivation apparatus 1, a plurality of light sources 4 are arranged side by side in the vicinity of the ceiling in the covering material 2, but each light source 4 generates heat although a sufficient amount of light can be supplied. When cultivating a heat-sensitive plant, the growth of the plant may be inhibited by the heat generated from the light source 4.

  On the other hand, according to the cultivation apparatus 11, it has the some light guide member 31 distribute | arranged covering the plant 10, and the light source 4 guides FR light to the some light guide member 31, and the said FR light is planted. 10 is irradiated. For this reason, the light source 4 as a heat source can be installed away from the plant, and the influence of heat generated by the light source 4 can be prevented from reaching the plant 10. Thereby, even a plant weak to heat can be cultivated, and the cultivating apparatus 11 has a wide versatility although the amount of light is less than that of the cultivating apparatus 1.

〔Example〕
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In the present Example, it divided into the tea tree of the ward which irradiated FR light as artificial light, and the tea tree of the ward which did not irradiate the tea tree as artificial light, and observed the growth difference of each tea tree.

  The tea plants in both wards are cultivated with fully artificial light, and the day length is 12 hours light / 12 hours dark using an artificial meteorograph, and the room temperature is 25 ° C./15° C. went. The cultivation method was hydroponics, and the culture solution used was a composition described in non-patent literature.

In both sections, the amount of light was controlled so that the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) was in the range of 300 to 500 [μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ ].

  Then, when entering the shoot formation period (the period corresponding to the shoot formation period S22 in the annual growth cycle of the fruit tree described with reference to FIG. 7), only one of the two sections is used as artificial light. Irradiated with FR light.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a spectrum of a light source at the time of FR light irradiation to tea plants irradiated with FR light. In FIG. 10, the vertical axis represents the amount of light and the horizontal axis represents the wavelength.

  As shown in FIG. 10, in the section irradiated with the FR light, the tea tree was irradiated with artificial light having a peak wavelength in the FR light region among the wavelengths.

An example of the amount of light of each wavelength in the period when FR light is added in the period cultivated with complete artificial light is as follows. In any case, the unit is [μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ ].
Blue light (wavelength 400 nm to 500 nm): 50
Red light (wavelength 600 nm to 700 nm): 250
FR light (wavelength 700 to 800 nm): 100
Moreover, an example of the light quantity of each wavelength in the period which did not add FR light among the periods cultivated by perfect artificial light is as follows. In any case, the unit is [μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ ]. This amount of light is the same in both sections.
Blue light (wavelength 400 nm to 500 nm): 50
Red light (wavelength 600 nm to 700 nm): 250
FR light (wavelength 700 to 800 nm): 0
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the state of tea tree growth with and without FR light irradiation.

  In FIG. 11, (a)-(c) is a figure showing the mode of the growth of the tea tree of the section irradiated with FR light as artificial light. On the other hand, in FIG. 11, (d)-(f) is a figure showing the mode of the growth of the tea tree of the section which did not irradiate FR light as artificial light.

  11A to 11C, the shoot formation period (period corresponding to the shoot formation period S22 in FIG. 7) is entered, and the irradiation of the FR light as artificial light is started. (A) represents the state of the tea tree after 18 days, FIG. 11 (b) represents the state of the tea tree after 25 days, and (c) of FIG. 11 represents the state of the tea tree after 36 days.

  On the other hand, among (d) to (f) of FIG. 11, a shoot formation period (a period corresponding to the shoot formation period S22 of FIG. 7, but without irradiation with FR light) is entered, and (d) of FIG. FIG. 11 (e) shows the state of the tea tree after 27 days, and FIG. 11 (e) shows the state of the tea tree after 38 days.

  As shown in (a) to (c) of FIG. 11, the tea tree in the section irradiated with the FR light is two weeks after the start of the shoot formation (that is, after the start of irradiation with the FR light). The growth of shoots was confirmed. After that, the new leaves grew smoothly, and the amount of new leaves that could be harvested was reached after 5 weeks after irradiation with FR light (that is, after entering the shoot formation period).

  On the other hand, as shown in (d) to (f) of FIG. 11, the tea tree in the section that was not irradiated with the FR light has a new leaf that can be harvested even after 5 weeks have passed since the formation of the shoots. It did not become quantity.

  Thus, the growth promotion effect of the new leaf by irradiation of FR light was able to be confirmed.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope shown in the claims, and embodiments obtained by appropriately combining technical means disclosed in different embodiments. Is also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION This invention can be utilized for the cultivation method of the plant which harvests a leaf, and the cultivation apparatus which grows the plant.

1.11 Cultivation device 2. Coating material 3.30. Light source unit 4. Light source 5. Power source 6. Control unit 10. Plant 31. Light guide member 32. Support pillar A. S11. S23. S121. S151. Formation period D. S15. S22. S111. S141 Flower bud formation period S2 / S14 New leaf growth / fruit enhancement period S102 / S105 New leaf growth period S3 / S12 / S103 / S106 Dormant period M1 Cultivation method

Claims (9)

A method for cultivating plants for harvesting fruits or flowers,
In the shoot formation period in which shoots are formed, the ratio of infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant is increased, and after the formation period of the shoots, the light irradiated in the formation period of the shoots Compared to the ratio of infrared light in the light irradiating the plant,
In the flower bud formation period in which flower buds are formed, the ratio of infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant is increased, and after the flower bud formation period, the light irradiated in the flower bud formation period The cultivation method of the plant characterized by reducing the ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiated to the said plant compared with. The formation period of the shoot is a period until immediately before the tissue that becomes the shoot is formed in the plant and the shoot starts to grow,
The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 1, wherein the formation period of the flower bud is a period until the tissue that becomes the flower bud is formed in the plant and the flower bud starts to grow.   The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 2, wherein the formation period of the shoot is a period including a dormancy period in which the growth of the shoot is suppressed in the growth cycle of the plant.   Throughout the growth cycle of the plant, the ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiated to the plant is smaller than the light irradiated during the formation of the new shoot during the period when the shoots grow and the new leaves develop. The cultivation method of the plant of any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned.   Through the growth cycle of the plant, the ratio of the infrared light in the light irradiating the plant only during the bud formation period and the flower bud formation period is greater than the period other than the shoot formation period and the flower bud formation period. It increases, The cultivation method of the plant of any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. A plant cultivation device for harvesting fruits or flowers,
In the formation period of the sprout in which the sprout is formed, the plant is irradiated with infrared light by turning on, and after the formation period of the sprout, it is turned off,
In addition, a light source is provided that irradiates the plant with infrared light by turning on during the flower bud formation period in which flower buds are formed, and is turned off after the flower bud formation period. Plant cultivation equipment.   7. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of the light sources are arranged above the plant. A plurality of light guide members arranged to cover the plant,
8. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the light source guides infrared light to the plurality of light guide members and irradiates the plant with the infrared light.   9. The light source according to claim 6, wherein the light source includes a light emitting diode that emits infrared light, a light emitting diode that emits blue light, and a light emitting diode that emits red light. 10. The plant cultivation apparatus of description.