JP2014017994A - Electric apparatus identification method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable integrally monitoring the operation states of electric apparatuses installed inside a building or a floor.SOLUTION: By the connection of one or a plurality of communication devices and electric apparatuses (which are generically referred to as apparatuses 12) to power lines 11 in a building, in each apparatus 12, a resonant circuit (resonant circuit unit) 14, which has a specific resonant frequency different from one apparatus 12 to another and produces minimum impedance at the resonant frequency thereof, is connected in advance between power lines 13 of the apparatus 12 in a manner to be connected to the power lines 11 in the building only when the apparatus 12 is in an operation state. The impedance of the power line 11 in the building is measured on a frequency-by-frequency basis, and a frequency that produces reduced impedance caused by the resonance with the resonant circuit is detected. An apparatus 12 corresponding to the detected frequency is discriminated as an apparatus in the operation state.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for remotely identifying an operating state of an electric device in an office or the like that uses a large number of electric devices.

  In establishments that use a large number of electrical devices, such as data centers, communication buildings, small-scale offices, and factories, you may want to know the operating status and power consumption of these electrical devices in order to reduce overall power consumption. is there. However, it is difficult to clearly grasp which electrical device is actually in operation, and it is often difficult to know the exact power fluctuation for each device. On the other hand, if you know in advance the power consumption of devices or their internal circuits during operation, you can integrate them by knowing which devices and circuits are actually in operation at that time. Thus, the total power consumption can be known, and the proportion of the power consumption of each device in the total power consumption can be obtained in detail, and so-called “visualization of power consumption” becomes possible.

  By the way, for large-scale communication devices, routers, servers, etc. for business use, for example, one system (rack, rack) is divided into a plurality of blocks (units). In many cases, a multi-stage hierarchical division structure is considered in consideration of expandability, such as providing a plurality of circuit boards (packages) having functions such as housing, power supply, and system control interface. FIG. 1 shows an example of a large-scale communication device. The communication device 1 includes a plurality of units 2, and each unit 2 is provided so that a plurality of packages 3 can be inserted and removed. As the unit 2, for example, a communication unit 2A provided with a communication package 3A, a control unit 2B provided with a control package 3B, and a power supply unit 2C provided with a power supply package 3C are provided. Each power supply package 3C of the power supply unit 2C is supplied with, for example, commercial power, and generates a power supply voltage used in the package 3 such as the communication package 3A or the control package 3B.

  In general, an apparatus having such a configuration is equipped with an operation system (OpS (Operation System) or OSS (Operation Support System)) for operating and controlling the apparatus. Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 show examples of operation systems for large-scale communication devices and communication networks. If a communication device or electrical device to be monitored for power consumption incorporates a mechanism for monitoring power consumption in its operation system, it is possible to accurately monitor power consumption remotely. However, conventional operation systems for communication devices and electrical equipment are mainly intended for operation, maintenance, monitoring, etc. of communication lines, and have a function for monitoring power consumption in each communication device. There are few things. In the case of a communication device having a multi-stage hierarchical division configuration such as the communication device shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of communication lines may be accommodated in one package, and the number of communication lines and consumption Since the amount of power is not necessarily proportional, it is also impossible to calculate power consumption based on the usage status of the communication line ascertained by the operation system.

  In addition to the above, the above operation system generally does not consider compatibility with other devices, and a plurality of operation systems depending on manufacturers and models are often operated independently. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a new operation system compatible with a large number of device interfaces in order to support multiple devices of different manufacturers and models collectively and monitor power consumption. It will be expensive. When installing new equipment, if you want to monitor power consumption, you need to use equipment with specifications that can support the specified operation system, or make modifications. Therefore, hardware is also expensive.

  For these reasons, it is difficult to uniformly monitor and manage the power consumption of the electrical equipment in the office using the operation system.

  Incidentally, in recent years, monitoring using a sensor such as a smart tap has been proposed as a method for monitoring the power consumption of an electrical device. For example, Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that a power sensor that measures power consumption is installed in a device to be monitored, and a measurement value of each power sensor is collected by a server. Non-Patent Document 4 shows an example in which the power consumption of each electrical device in the home is grasped by using a smart tap to realize “visualization” of power consumption. Hereinafter, a method for monitoring power consumption using a smart tap will be described.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of the configuration of a power consumption monitoring system using a smart tap. The smart tap here has a function of measuring power consumption from a current flowing through the smart tap by being attached to a power outlet that supplies power to each device or device. The measured data is generally sent to the data aggregating apparatus using wireless (wireless LAN (local area network), Zigbee (registered trademark), etc.) or wired (power line communication, etc.) communication means, and then wired communication means Etc., and sent to the monitoring / control center via the network.

  The method of monitoring power consumption using smart taps can be supported simply by adding smart taps and data aggregation devices to existing communication devices and electrical devices, and accurately calculate the power consumption values and fluctuations for each device. It is possible to monitor, and when monitoring a device using the same type of power source (for example, single-phase AC 100V), it has a feature that it does not depend on the manufacturer or model of the device. However, in the method using smart taps, it is necessary to correspond one smart tap to each electric device, and the cost increases as the number of devices to be measured increases. Further, when the number of objects increases, the number of wireless communication lines to the data aggregation device and the amount of traffic increase, so it is necessary to increase the number of data aggregation devices. Since the smart tap is associated with the device and the device on a one-to-one basis, it is necessary to replace the smart tap when changing the power supply of the device. Furthermore, for a device that uses a different type of power source (for example, DC-48V, which has been often used in communication machine rooms from the past), another type of smart tap corresponding to the device is required.

  As a method of monitoring the power consumption of each electrical device, in addition to the method using the operation system and smart tap, as shown in Non-Patent Document 5 and Non-Patent Document 6, the fact that the current waveform during operation differs for each device is used. Then, there is a method for identifying the device.

  In this method, a monitoring device (sensor) is installed on a distribution board connected to each device or equipment, and the current waveform of the total current supplied from the distribution board is measured by the monitoring device, and this is measured in advance. The type of connected device is estimated by comparing it with the current waveform data of each device that has been made into a database. As the power consumption value for each device, the value of the above database is adopted for the device operating at that time, and the total power consumption is calculated by adding them. In this method, the power consumption of a plurality of devices and devices connected to the distribution board can be monitored by a single monitoring device installed on the distribution board, and the same type of power source (for example, single-phase AC 100V) can be monitored. Etc.) has a feature that it does not depend on the manufacturer or model.

  However, the method based on device identification based on current waveforms has a problem that as the number of connected devices increases, the number of combinations to be matched with current waveforms becomes enormous and the amount of calculation and calculation time increase. In addition, it is necessary to measure the current waveform for all devices in advance and create a database, and for devices whose current waveform changes depending on the state, it is necessary to measure the current waveform for each such state, There is also a problem that the prior work is complicated.

Satoshi Honma, Kenichi Oshikiri, Toshio Oimatsu, Toshihiro Nishizono, "Operation System of Type-X and MPLS Network", NTT Technical Journal 2003.6, pp.20-23 (2003) Koji Uno, "Optical Access System and Operation", NTT Technical Journal 2009.3, pp.10-13 (2009) Katsura Nishigaki, Takahiro Sakurai, Hideki Sunahara, “Power Consumption Visualization System for Energy Saving in Computer Rooms”, IPSJ Research Report Internet and Operation Technology (IOT) Vol.2011-IOT-12 No.35 pp.1-6 (2011) Takekazu Kato and Takashi Matsuyama, “Power Tap Visualization System by Smart Tap Network”, Information Processing Society of Japan Vol.2011-MBL-59 No.6 pp.1-6 (2011) Katsukura et al. "Life Pattern Sensor with Non-intrusive Appliance Monitoring," ICCE '09 pp.1-2, Jan.2009 Masaki Kosai, Yasunao Suzuki, Fumihiko Ishiyama, Yoshiharu Akiyama, “Identification of Home Appliances Based on Frequency Characteristics of Normal Mode Current”, Proceedings of the IEICE 2011 General Conference B-4-25

  As described above, in order to identify the operating status of an electrical device conventionally, a method of receiving a signal indicating an operating state from the electrical device by an operation system, a method of installing a current sensor such as a smart tap for each device, Alternatively, a method for detecting a device-specific current waveform superimposed on a power line is known. However, with this method, a large amount of money is required for remodeling electrical equipment, installing sensors, or installing communication circuits with equipment, and the identification accuracy decreases as the number of target equipment increases. There is a problem.

  In offices, etc., power consumption is generally measured in units of buildings or in units of floors of buildings. Therefore, at least in units of floors, it is installed on the floor by a simple method regardless of the manufacturer or model of the equipment. Therefore, there is a need for a monitoring method that can monitor the operating status of each of the devices that are being used together.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an electrical device identification method capable of monitoring the operation status of electrical devices installed in a building or a floor in a lump with a simple configuration.

  The electrical device identification method of the present invention is an electrical device identification method for identifying the operating state of each device connected to a power line in a building, and each device has a specific resonance frequency that is different for each device. Connect the power supply of the building according to the frequency by connecting the power supply line of the building so that the resonance circuit with the minimum impedance at the resonance frequency is connected to the building power line only when the device is in operation. The impedance of the line is measured, the frequency at which the impedance is reduced due to resonance with the resonance circuit is detected, and the device corresponding to the detected frequency is determined as the device in the operating state.

  According to the present invention, a resonance circuit having a simple configuration is simply attached to a monitored communication device, electrical device, circuit block, etc., and the presence or absence of the operation of the device is determined by impedance measurement for each frequency in the power line of the building. If the power consumption during operation of the device is known in advance, the power consumption can be easily monitored for each device. For devices connected to a common power supply system, such as multiple devices placed in the same building or floor, determine the presence or absence of operation at once by simply measuring the impedance of the power line of the power supply system Therefore, all these devices can be monitored by a single monitoring device. In addition, monitoring with the same mechanism is possible regardless of whether the power supply is AC / DC or the power supply voltage.

It is a perspective view which shows an example of a structure of a large-scale communication apparatus. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the monitoring method using a smart tap. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a basic configuration of a system to which an electrical device identification method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. It is a block diagram which shows the circuit structure of the system shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the configuration shown in FIG. 4. (A) is a graph which shows the frequency characteristic in the impedance of a resonance function part, (b) is a circuit diagram which shows an example of a structure of a resonance function part. It is a graph which shows an example of the relationship between the impedance seen from the power supply side, and the resonant frequency. It is a figure explaining the identification method using a broadband pulse. It is a figure explaining the identification method using a monotone signal. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of another system with which the electric equipment identification method is applied.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 shows an outline of a system to which the electrical equipment identification method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied.

  The office buildings are equipped with power supply systems and distribution boards that receive power from external commercial power supplies or communication power supplies, and these power supply systems (and distribution boards) have power from external power sources. Is provided with a power line 11 for supplying to a communication device or an electrical device installed in the building. Here, a pair of power supply lines 11 is provided assuming single-phase AC power or DC power, but it goes without saying that the number of power supply lines is three in the case of three-phase AC power. In addition, the power line 11 here includes a ground line, depending on the power supply configuration in the system.

  In the present embodiment, communication devices, electrical devices, and circuit blocks that are targets of operation state monitoring are collectively referred to as a device 12. For example, the device 12 is connected via a plug and an outlet. It is connected to the power line 11 of the building. In the device 12, a power line 13 connected to the building-side power line 11 via a power switch 16 provided in the device 12 is provided. The power supply line 13 of the device 12 is provided with a power supply unit 15 for supplying power to each circuit or the like in the device 12, and a resonance circuit unit 14 is provided so as to connect between the pair of power supply lines 13. It has been. As will be described later, the resonance circuit unit 14 is composed of a resonance circuit having a minimum impedance at the resonance frequency. Here, the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit unit 14 is set to a different value for each device (communication device, electric device, circuit module) connected to the power line 11 of the building. By associating each device 12 with a different resonance frequency, the individual identification of the device can be performed based on the resonance frequency. When viewed from the power line 11 side of the building, the resonance circuit unit 14 is located beyond the power switch 16 of each device 12. Therefore, the power source of the building is only when the power switch 16 is in a conductive state, that is, when the device 12 is in an operating state. When connected to the line 11 and the power switch 16 is in the shut-off state, that is, when the device 12 is in the dormant state, it is not connected to the power line 11.

  In the present embodiment, the resonance circuit unit 14 is provided for each device 12 as described above, and the impedance for each frequency of the power supply line 11 is measured by the monitoring device 17 connected to the power supply line 11 of the building. The monitoring device 17 is connected to the power supply line 11 in, for example, a power supply system including the power supply line 11 or a distribution board. Since the resonance circuit unit 14 of the device 12 in the operating state is connected so as to short-circuit between the pair of power supply lines 11, the impedance of the power supply line 11 is obtained at the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit unit 14. Is minimal. Therefore, the monitoring device 17 applies a high frequency signal to the power line 11 and measures the response (voltage V and current I) to measure the impedance for each frequency, and connects to the power line 11. The resonance frequencies of all the resonance circuit units 14 are monitored to determine which resonance circuit unit 14 is connected to the power supply line 11, that is, which device 12 is in an operating state.

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram when a plurality of devices 12 are connected to the power supply line 11, and FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram thereof. 4 and 5, n devices 11 of the devices (1) to (n) are connected in parallel to the power line 11. In FIG. 5, Zri and fi are the impedance and resonance frequency of the resonance circuit unit 14 attached to the device (i), respectively, and Zsi is the impedance of the power supply unit 15 of the device (i).

  In general, the impedance of the power supply unit 15 of each device 12 is sufficiently low in the low frequency region of the power supply frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz), but no high frequency noise from the outside is input to the circuit in the high frequency region. As shown, the impedance is high. The resonance frequency of the resonance circuit unit 14 is set in such a high frequency region. Although the frequency characteristic of the impedance of the resonance circuit unit 14 is shown in FIG. 6A, the impedance becomes minimum at the resonance frequency.

  Such a resonance circuit unit 14 can be realized by a series resonance circuit of a coil L and a capacitor C, for example, as shown in FIG. Since such a resonance circuit can be said to be a filter circuit that selectively transmits only the frequency component of the resonance frequency, in addition to the circuit shown in FIG. 6B, a ceramic filter, a crystal (crystal) filter, or the like can be used. As long as the circuit has a minimum impedance at a specific frequency set for each device, such as a resonance circuit using individual elements or an active filter using an operational amplifier (OP amplifier), an arbitrary circuit is used as the resonance circuit unit 14. Can be used.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, when a plurality of devices 12 are connected in parallel to the power supply line 11 of the building, the impedance of the power supply line 11 viewed from the monitoring device 17 side is the respective resonance circuit unit. Since 14 are connected in parallel, the result is as shown in FIG. 7 having a plurality of peaks (represented as dips) in each resonance frequency.

  In the present embodiment, by measuring the total impedance of such a power supply system from the monitoring device 17, a plurality of resonance frequencies can be found as a minimum peak, and which device 12 is connected to the power supply line 11. Can be determined. For example, there are the following two methods.

(1) Method using broadband pulse:
A pulse signal with a short time width as shown in FIG. 8 is applied from the monitoring device 17 to the power supply line 11, and the response characteristics (time change) of the voltage V and current I of the signal at that time are measured. The monitoring device 17 is provided with a signal generator 18 that generates such a pulse. The frequency spectrum band of the short pulse used at this time becomes wider as the pulse becomes shorter. The pulse width is set so that all the resonance frequencies of the resonance circuit unit 14 attached to the device 12 to be monitored are included in the frequency band of this pulse.

  A frequency spectrum for each of the current and voltage is obtained from the time change of the voltage and current using means such as Laplace transform. The voltage spectrum divided by the current spectrum is the impedance frequency spectrum. The resonance frequency can be found from the minimum value of this spectrum.

(2) Method Using Monotone Signal A single frequency monotone signal as shown in FIG. 9 is applied from the monitoring device 17 to the power line 11. The frequency of this signal is allowed to change continuously or with several discrete values (flight values). In this case, the signal generator 18 of the monitoring device 17 generates a monotone signal. When the frequency of the monotone signal is continuously changed, the frequency change width is set so that all the resonance frequencies of the resonance circuit unit 14 attached to the device 12 to be monitored are included in the frequency change width. . Such a monotone signal is applied to the power supply line 11 while gradually shifting the frequency, and the voltage and current of the signal on the power supply line 11 at that time are measured. Only the current value may be measured by setting the signal voltage to a constant value.

  The value obtained by dividing the effective value of the measured current by the effective value of the voltage (this is the reciprocal of the impedance), or the effective value of the current when the monotone signal voltage is measured as a constant value is set in advance. When the threshold value is exceeded, the frequency of the monotone signal at that time is output as the resonance frequency.

  Similarly, when the frequency of the monotone signal is set to some discrete values, all of the resonance frequency values of the resonance circuit unit 14 of the device 12 connected to the power supply line 11 are included in these frequency values. To include. Then, the voltage and current of the signal are measured at each discrete frequency, and when the value obtained by dividing the current by the voltage exceeds the threshold value as described above, the frequency at that time is output as the resonance frequency.

  As described above, if it is possible to determine which device is in the operating state, the power line 11 that is the power supply system to be measured is determined from the power consumption value and the determination result during operation for each device that has been measured in advance. It is possible to calculate the current power consumption value for each connected device, the ratio of the power consumption of each device to the total power consumption, and the like.

  In the above description, the device 12 connected to the power line 11 is a communication device or an electric device. However, a plurality of functional blocks (units in the example shown in FIG. 1) or a plurality of devices are included in one communication device. Even when the circuit board (package in the example shown in FIG. 1) is accommodated, as shown in FIG. 10, as long as the power supply system is common, the operation state is determined by unit or by package. Can be done. The one shown in FIG. 10 is one in which the electric device identification method of the present embodiment can be applied to the communication device shown in FIG. 1, and the communication unit 2A, the control unit 2B, and the power supply unit 2C are used as units. A plurality of communication packages 3A are provided in the communication unit 2A. In the example shown here, a power switch 16 is provided for each unit, and a resonance circuit unit 14 is provided between the unit and the corresponding power switch 16. Further, in the communication unit 2A, a resonance circuit unit 14 is provided for each communication package 3A. The resonance frequency in the resonance circuit unit 14 is different for each unit and for each package. When each unit or each package is provided with a power switch or a function corresponding thereto, the resonance circuit unit 14 needs to be provided on the corresponding unit or package side with respect to the power switch.

  According to the electrical device identification method of the present embodiment described above, the resonance circuit unit having a simple configuration is actually inserted at the time of the monitoring target device or device between the power lines, and actually operates at that time. It is possible to identify existing devices and estimate and analyze power consumption. Thereby, energy management in an office etc. can be performed. In this method, monitoring can be performed with the same mechanism regardless of whether the power source is AC / DC or the power supply voltage.

  In the method of this embodiment, it is not necessary to collect and transfer identification results and power consumption measurement results by using wireless means, and data can be collected only by a monitoring device attached to the power supply system. Further, since the monitoring device can be freely attached and detached and does not always need to be attached, one device can be shared by a plurality of power supply systems.

  As a result, according to the present embodiment, it is necessary to complete the modification on the electric device side simply by installing a simple and inexpensive resonance circuit in the electric device, and to perform communication between the electric device and the device for identifying the device. As a result, the cost of the system for determining the operation status can be greatly reduced without degrading the detection accuracy.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Communication apparatus 2 Unit 2A Communication unit 2B Control unit 2C Power supply unit 3 Package 3A Communication package 3B Control unit 3C Power supply package 11, 13 Power supply line 12 Equipment 14 Resonance circuit part 15 Power supply part 16 Power switch 17 Monitoring device 18 Signal Generator

Claims (3)

An electrical equipment identification method for identifying the operating state of each equipment connected to a power line in a building,
In each device, a resonance circuit having a specific resonance frequency different for each device and having a minimum impedance at the resonance frequency is connected to the power line of the building only when the device is in an operating state. Connect between the power lines of the equipment,
Measure the impedance of the power line of the building according to the frequency,
Detecting the frequency at which the impedance is reduced due to resonance with the resonance circuit,
The device corresponding to the detected frequency is determined as the device in the operating state.
Electrical device identification method.   The measurement of the impedance of the power line of the building applies a pulse signal in a frequency band including the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit provided in the plurality of devices connected to the power line of the building to the power line of the building The method according to claim 1, further comprising: obtaining an impedance for each frequency from a response of a current and a voltage in a power line of the building to the pulse signal.   The electrical equipment according to claim 1, wherein the measurement of the impedance of the power line of the building includes applying a carrier signal having a carrier frequency as a resonance frequency of a resonance circuit provided in the equipment to the power line of the building. Identification method.

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