JP2014005724A - Wall structure for exterior - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wall structure for an exterior, which can have superior fire-resistive performance even though having a relatively simple structure.SOLUTION: The wall structure for the exterior comprises a wall structure body 10 for an exterior, which is fixed to a structural material of a building 1 having a simple structure. The wall structure body 10 for the exterior is provided with a reinforcing gypsum board 11, a calcium silicate board 12 that is arranged so as to come in contact with an outer side face of the reinforcing gypsum board 11, and a square corrugated iron plate 13 that is arranged so as to come in contact with an outer side face of the calcium silicate board 12.

Description

  The present invention relates to an exterior wall structure, and more particularly, to an exterior wall structure used in a steel structure building such as a warehouse, a factory, or an office.

  Conventionally, in steel buildings such as warehouses, factories, offices, etc., steel materials have been used as structural materials such as pillars and studs that are the framework structure of the buildings, and wall materials are fixed to the trunk edges fixed to these structural materials. A relatively simple exterior wall structure is used. Various types of such exterior wall structures have been developed.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a wall structure in which an outer wall plate, a fireproof board, and a heat insulating panel are sequentially stacked and fixed to a framework of a building, and the outer wall plate is an angular wave for building exterior. It is an iron plate, corrugated iron plate, or iron plate, the fireproof board is a building board made of fireproof material, the fireproof material is gypsum, calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, or rock wool, and the heat insulation panel is made of metal A rectangular iron plate is stretched on both the front and back sides of a rectangular frame made of a hard plastic or wood frame, and a rectangular fixing iron plate is bonded to the inner surface of the surface iron plate in parallel at equal intervals. A wall structure of a prefabricated building in which foamed plastic is injected into a space in a frame formed by a frame and front and back iron plates is described.

JP 2010-59700 A (see, for example, paragraphs [0014] to [0016], [FIG. 1] to [FIG. 3], etc.)

  However, although the wall structure of the prefabricated building described in Patent Document 1 has fire resistance, the exterior wall structure to which this type of wall structure is applied has a relatively simple configuration. However, it is desired to have excellent fire resistance.

  From the above, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has an exterior wall structure that can have excellent fire resistance while having a relatively simple configuration. It is intended to provide.

The exterior wall structure according to the first invention for solving the above-described problem is
An exterior wall structure consisting of an exterior wall structure body fixed to a structural material of a building,
The exterior wall structure main body is
With a reinforced gypsum board,
A calcium silicate plate disposed in contact with the outer surface of the reinforced gypsum board;
And an iron plate disposed in contact with the outer surface of the calcium silicate plate.

The exterior wall structure according to the second invention for solving the above-described problem is
An exterior wall structure according to the first invention,
The reinforced gypsum board includes a plurality of boards.

The exterior wall structure according to the third invention for solving the above-described problem is
An exterior wall structure according to the first or second invention,
The reinforced gypsum board has an apparent density of 0.75 or more and a thickness of 15 mm or more.

The exterior wall structure according to the fourth invention for solving the above-described problem is
An exterior wall structure according to any one of the first to third inventions,
The calcium silicate plate has an apparent density of 0.7 to 1.2 and a thickness of 12 mm or more.

The exterior wall structure according to the fifth invention for solving the above-described problem is
An exterior wall structure according to any one of the first to fourth inventions,
The iron plate is a square wave iron plate having a square wave shape,
The square wave iron plate is characterized in that the pitch of the square wave is 408 mm or more, the height of the square wave is 6 mm or more, and the plate thickness is 0.35 mm or more.

  According to the exterior wall structure according to the present invention, it is possible to have excellent fire resistance performance while having a relatively simple configuration.

It is explanatory drawing of the wall structure for exterior which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a vertical sectional view of the exterior wall structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a horizontal sectional view of the wall structure for exterior concerning a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a vertical sectional view of the exterior wall structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  Although the embodiment of the exterior wall structure according to the present invention will be described based on the drawings, the present invention is not limited to only the following embodiments described based on the drawings.

[First embodiment]
The exterior wall structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, an arrow UP indicates an upward direction, and an arrow IN indicates a building direction.

  This embodiment demonstrates the case where it applies to the wall structure for exteriors used in the buildings of simple structures, such as a warehouse, a factory, an office.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the exterior wall structure according to the present embodiment includes an exterior wall structure main body 10 that is fixed to the structural material of the building 1 having a simple structure. The structural material of the building 1 having a simple structure is composed of the pillars 2 and the interposing pillars 3 and the like. A plurality of L-shaped plates (horizontal trunk edge fixing fasteners) 4 are attached to the columns 2 and the inter-columns 3. The horizontal trunk edge 5 is fixed to the plurality of L-shaped plates 4.
Note that the L-shaped plates 4 are spaced apart in the vertical direction, and the horizontal trunk edges 5 are spaced apart in the vertical direction.

The exterior wall structure main body 10 includes a reinforced gypsum board (extension material) 11, a calcium silicate plate (upholstery material) 12 disposed in contact with the outer surface 11 a of the reinforced gypsum board 11, An angular wave iron plate (exterior material) 13 disposed in contact with the outer surface 12a of the calcium oxide plate 12 is provided. The outer surface 11a of the reinforced gypsum board 11 and the inner surface 12b of the calcium silicate plate 12 are in contact with each other. The outer surface 12a of the calcium silicate plate 12 and the inner surface 13b of the square wave iron plate 13 are in contact with each other. The reinforced gypsum board 11 is fixed to the lateral trunk edge 5 by a fastening material 21 for fixing the underlaying material. The calcium silicate plate 12 is fixed to the lateral trunk edge 5 by a fastening material 22 for fixing the upper material. The square wave iron plate 13 is fixed to the horizontal trunk edge 5 by a fastening material 23 for fixing an exterior material. The horizontal trunk edge 5 is fixed to the L-shaped plate 4 by bolts 6, nuts 7 and washers 8. The L-shaped plate 4 is fixed to the columns 2 and the inter-columns 3.
The outer surface is a surface facing the outside of the building 1 having a simple structure, and the inner surface is a surface facing the inside of the building 1 having a simple structure.

  The above-described reinforced gypsum board 11 preferably has an apparent density of 0.75 or more. The thickness of the reinforced gypsum board 11 is preferably 15 mm or more. Examples of the reinforced gypsum board 11 include those that comply with JIS A 6901.

  The above-described calcium silicate plate 12 preferably has an apparent density of 0.7 to 1.2. The thickness of the calcium silicate plate 12 is preferably 12 mm or more. As the calcium silicate board 12, it conforms to JIS A 5430, for example, and a type 2 0.8 calcium silicate board can be mentioned.

  The above-mentioned angular wave iron plate 13 preferably has a pitch of angular waves of 408 mm or more, a height of angular waves of 6 mm or more, and a plate thickness of 0.35 mm or more. Although the explanation has been made using the square wave iron plate 13 having a square wave shape as the exterior material, an iron plate may be used.

  The calcium silicate board 12 and the reinforced gypsum board 11 are materials that are widely used as materials for fireproof structures. In the reinforced gypsum board 11, dihydrate gypsum, which is the main constituent material, has a large amount of crystallization water, and the crystallization water causes a dehydration reaction at a relatively low temperature (about 60 ° C. to 150 ° C.). Therefore, when the wall body using the reinforced gypsum board 11 is heated by a fire or the like, the temperature rise of the wall body is suppressed. On the other hand, the calcium silicate plate 12 has less water of crystallization per molecule of calcium silicate hydrate (mainly tobermorite), which is the main constituent, and less water of crystallization. The dehydration reaction occurs at high temperatures (about 105 ° C. to 780 ° C.), so that when the wall body using the calcium silicate plate 12 is heated by a fire that occurs outdoors, the temperature rise on the indoor side is suppressed. In this respect, the reinforced gypsum board 11 is more effective. However, when crystal water of dihydrate gypsum is dehydrated in the reinforced gypsum board 11, the gypsum binding force is lost, and the shape retention of the reinforced gypsum board 11 is reduced and the wall body is easily deformed. There is a problem that the flame on the fire side tends to pass through to the other side separated by the wall. On the other hand, the calcium silicate plate 12 has a much higher shape retention than the reinforced gypsum board 11 when heated by a fire or the like. It is effective in terms of prevention. Therefore, it is preferable to use the calcium silicate plate 12 and the reinforced gypsum board 11 together as the underlaying material of the square wave iron plate 13 which is an exterior material. In this case, considering that the calcium silicate plate 12 is an alkaline material and the reinforced gypsum board 11 is a weakly acidic material, the side of the underlaying material that is in direct contact with the square wave iron plate 13 is silicic acid. It is good to arrange the calcium plate 12.

  Therefore, according to the exterior wall structure according to the present embodiment, it is possible to have excellent fire resistance performance while being a relatively simple structure.

[Second Embodiment]
The exterior wall structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, an arrow UP indicates an upward direction, and an arrow IN indicates a building direction. In the present embodiment, the same members as those in the exterior wall structure according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIG. 4, the exterior wall structure according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) reinforced gypsum boards 31 and 11 that are stacked in the exterior and interior direction. It consists of a structure body 30. That is, the exterior wall structure main body 30 includes a reinforced gypsum board 11, a calcium silicate plate 12, a calcium silicate plate 12, and an outer surface 11 a of the reinforced gypsum board 11 disposed in contact with the inner surface 12 b. The reinforced plaster is provided with a square wave iron plate 13 arranged in contact with the outer surface 12a and the inner surface 11b of the reinforced gypsum board 11 in contact with the outer surface 31a. A board 31 is provided. The reinforced gypsum boards 11 and 31 are fixed to the horizontal trunk edge 5 by a fastening material 41 for fixing the underlaying material. In this case, the reinforced gypsum board 31 may be fixed to the horizontal trunk edge 5, and then the reinforced gypsum board 11 may be fixed from the outer surface 31a of the reinforced gypsum board 31, or the reinforced gypsum board 11 and the reinforced gypsum board. The boards 31 may be stacked and fixed at once. The calcium silicate plate 12 is fixed to the lateral trunk edge 5 by a fastening material 42 for fixing the upper material. The square wave iron plate 13 is fixed to the horizontal trunk edge 5 by a fastening material 43 for fixing an exterior material.
The outer surface is a surface facing the outside of the simple structure building, and the inner surface is a surface facing the inner side of the simple structure building.

  As with the above-described reinforced gypsum board 11, the reinforced gypsum board 31 preferably has an apparent density of 0.75 or more. The thickness of the reinforced gypsum board 31 is preferably 15 mm or more. Examples of the reinforced gypsum board 31 include those that comply with JIS A 6901.

  When the exterior wall structure main body 30 is heated by a fire that occurs outdoors, the exterior wall structure main body 30 is provided with a reinforced gypsum board 31 arranged in the building direction of the reinforced gypsum board 11. However, as compared with the above-described exterior wall structure main body 10, it is more effective in that the maintenance of the wall body at the time of the fire is maintained for a long time and the passage of the fire is prevented. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) reinforcing gypsum boards 11 and 31 as the base material.

  Therefore, according to the exterior wall structure according to the present embodiment, since the underlay material is composed of the two reinforced gypsum boards 11 and 31, there is a large amount of crystal water in the undercoat material. Compared with the exterior wall structure according to the first embodiment described above, in which the underlay material is composed of one reinforced gypsum board 11, the temperature of the wall body when heated by a fire that occurs outdoors The rise can be suppressed for a longer time. That is, according to the exterior wall structure according to the present embodiment, it is possible to have excellent fire resistance performance while being a relatively simple structure.

[Other Embodiments]
In the above description, the reinforced gypsum board 11, the calcium silicate plate 12 disposed in contact with the outer surface 11 a of the reinforced gypsum board 11, and the outer surface 12 a of the calcium silicate plate 12 are contacted. The exterior wall structure comprising the exterior wall structure main body 10 provided with the disposed square wave iron plate 13 has been described. However, a waterproof material is provided between the calcium silicate plate 12 and the square wave iron plate 13 in the exterior wall structure main body 10. It is also possible to provide an exterior wall structure provided with.

  In the above, the reinforced gypsum board 11, the calcium silicate plate 12 disposed in contact with the outer surface 11 a of the reinforced gypsum board 11, and the outer surface 12 a of the calcium silicate plate 12 are disposed. The exterior wall structure comprising the exterior wall structure body 30 provided with the reinforced gypsum board 31 provided with the square wave iron plate 13 and the reinforced gypsum board 31 disposed in contact with the inner surface 11b of the reinforced gypsum board 11 has been described. It is also possible to adopt an exterior wall structure in which a waterproof material is provided between the calcium silicate plate 12 and the square wave iron plate 13 in the exterior wall structure body 30.

  In the above description, the exterior wall structure including the exterior wall structure body 30 including the reinforcement gypsum boards 31 and 11 arranged in a stack in the direction of the outside of the building has been described. However, the number of reinforcement gypsum boards is two. Not only the exterior wall structure but also the exterior wall structure main body, which is a plurality of three or more, can be used.

  Although the confirmation test performed in order to confirm the effect of the exterior wall structure concerning this invention is demonstrated below, this invention is not limited only to the confirmation test demonstrated below.

<Preparation of specimen>
<Test body 1>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a reinforced gypsum board with a thickness of 15 mm, a calcium silicate board with a thickness of 12 mm, and a square wave iron plate with a thickness of 0.35 mm are arranged in order from the indoor side of the building. In the state of surface contact, with a wall structure body for exterior that is fixed to a horizontal trunk edge of C-100 × 50 × 20 × 1.6 mm with a screw, and its effective heating area is 3 × 3 in width × height. Specimen 1 was obtained by making it to be 000 mm × 3,400 mm. As the reinforced gypsum board of the test body 1, one according to JIS A 6901 was used, and as the calcium silicate plate of the test body 1, one according to JIS A 5430 was used.

<Test body 2>
As shown in FIG. 4, a reinforced gypsum board having a thickness of 15 mm, a reinforced gypsum board having a thickness of 15 mm, a calcium silicate plate having a thickness of 12 mm, and a square wave iron plate having a thickness of 0.35 mm are provided from the indoor side of the building. Arranged in order, and in the state where they are in surface contact, the exterior wall structure body is fixed to the horizontal trunk edge of C-100 × 50 × 20 × 1.6 mm with screws, and its effective heating area is width × high The test body 2 was obtained by making the size to be 3,000 mm × 3,400 mm. As the two reinforced gypsum boards of the test body 2, those according to JIS A 6901 were used, and as the calcium silicate plate of the test body 2, those according to JIS A 5430 were used.

<Comparator>
A 15mm thick medium wood cement board, a 12mm thick calcium silicate board, and a 0.35mm thick square wave iron board are placed in order from the indoor side of the building, and in the state where they are in surface contact, C -The exterior wall structure body is fixed to the horizontal trunk edge with dimensions of 100 x 50 x 20 x 1.6 mm with screws, and the effective heating area is 3,000 mm x 3,400 mm in the dimensions of width x height. To obtain a comparative body. The medium wood wool cement board of the comparative body conforms to JIS A 5404, and corresponds to a non-combustible material, and the calcium silicate board of the comparative body conforms to JIS A 5430. A thing was used.

<Test method>
The prepared test bodies 1 and 2 and the comparative body were installed in a heating furnace, and heated from the outdoor side, that is, from the outer surface of the square wave iron plate. This heating was performed so that the effective heating area was 3,000 mm × 3,400 mm in the dimension of width × height. The heating temperature condition was such that the temperature T satisfies T = 345log ₁₀ (8t + 1) +20. However, T is temperature (degreeC) and t is elapsed time (minutes). In the test body 1 and the comparative body, the heating time was set to 30 minutes, and the test time was set to three times the heating time after heating for 30 minutes, that is, until 90 minutes passed. In the test body 2, the heating time was set to 60 minutes, and the test time was set to three times the heating time after heating for 60 minutes, that is, until 180 minutes passed. During the test time, the temperatures of the back surfaces of the test bodies 1 and 2 and the comparative body were measured every 1 minute or less with thermocouples arranged evenly at five locations on the back surface side (indoor side) of the heating surface. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
The initial temperature was 9 ° C. in the case of the test body 1, 21 ° C. in the case of the test body 2, and 10 ° C. in the case of the comparative body.

  In addition, with flameproofness, when the above-mentioned test body (comparative body) is heated from the outdoor side, it is a flame that continues for more than 10 seconds to the indoor side (non-heated side) of the test body within the test time. This shows that all three requirements are satisfied when there is no eruption of gas, no flame that continues for more than 10 seconds, and no damage such as cracks through which the flame passes.

  As shown in Table 1, the increase in the back surface temperature of the test body 1 was confirmed to be 140 K or less at the average of five locations and 180 K or less at the maximum of the five locations during the test time. Moreover, in the test body 1, there was no flame ejection and there was flame-shielding property, and it was confirmed that the test body 1 has sufficient fire resistance performance. That is, in the test body 1, it became clear that the performance of 30 minutes of fire resistance was satisfied in the outer wall of the building.

  As shown in Table 1, the increase in the back surface temperature of the above-mentioned test body 2 was confirmed to be 140 K or less at the average of five locations and 180 K or less at the maximum of the five locations during the test time. Moreover, in the test body 2, there was no flame ejection and there was flame-shielding property, and it was confirmed that the test body 2 has sufficient fire resistance. That is, in the test body 2, it became clear that the performance of 60 minutes of fire resistance was satisfied in the outer wall of the building.

  As shown in Table 1, the increase in the back surface temperature of the above-mentioned comparative body was 140 K or less at the average of five locations during the test time, but it was confirmed that the maximum at the five locations was higher than 180 K. In addition, it was confirmed that the comparative body had no flame eruption and had flame shielding properties. That is, in the comparative body, the back surface temperature rise is higher than 180 K at the maximum of five places, and thus it was revealed that only a part of the performance of 30 minutes of fire resistance was satisfied on the outer wall of the building.

  From such a result, according to the exterior wall structure according to the present example, the outer wall of the building has a fire resistance performance of 30 minutes, and has an excellent fire resistance performance while having a relatively simple configuration. Can have.

  According to the exterior wall structure according to the present invention, it is possible to have excellent fire resistance while having a relatively simple configuration, so that the exterior wall structure of a simple structure such as a warehouse, factory, office, etc. It can be used beneficially.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Building 2 of simple structure Column 3 Spacer 4 L-shaped plate 5 Horizontal trunk edge 6 Bolt 7 Nut 8 Washer 10 Exterior wall structure main body 11 Reinforced gypsum board (extension material)
12 Calcium silicate board (upholstery)
13 Square wave iron plate (exterior material)
21 Fixing material for fixing the underlaying material 22 Fastening material for fixing the upholstering material 23 Fixing material for fixing the external material 30 Wall structure main body 31 for the external reinforcement Reinforced gypsum board
41 Fastening material for fixing the underlaying material 42 Fastening material for fixing the upholstery material 43 Fastening material for fixing the exterior material

Claims (5)

An exterior wall structure consisting of an exterior wall structure body fixed to a structural material of a building,
The exterior wall structure main body is
With a reinforced gypsum board,
A calcium silicate plate disposed in contact with the outer surface of the reinforced gypsum board;
An exterior wall structure comprising an iron plate disposed in contact with an outer surface of the calcium silicate plate. The exterior wall structure according to claim 1,
An exterior wall structure comprising a plurality of reinforced gypsum boards. The exterior wall structure according to claim 1 or 2,
An exterior wall structure, wherein the reinforced gypsum board has an apparent density of 0.75 or more and a thickness of 15 mm or more. The exterior wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The exterior wall structure characterized in that the calcium silicate plate has an apparent density of 0.7 to 1.2 and a thickness of 12 mm or more. The exterior wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The iron plate is a square wave iron plate having a square wave shape,
The above-mentioned square wave iron plate has an angular wave pitch of 408 mm or more, an angular wave height of 6 mm or more, and a plate thickness of 0.35 mm or more.

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