JP2013537250A - ディーゼルエンジンの効率向上 - Google Patents
ディーゼルエンジンの効率向上 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013537250A JP2013537250A JP2013528407A JP2013528407A JP2013537250A JP 2013537250 A JP2013537250 A JP 2013537250A JP 2013528407 A JP2013528407 A JP 2013528407A JP 2013528407 A JP2013528407 A JP 2013528407A JP 2013537250 A JP2013537250 A JP 2013537250A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0649—Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
- F02D19/081—Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/308—Gravity, density, e.g. API
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】図3
Description
であること。
留出燃料は、0.770g.cm-3以下の密度を有することができる。
(本明細書で用いるような)燃焼系の当量比は、燃料・酸化剤(空気)混合比と化学量論的燃料・酸化剤(空気)混合比の実際の商として定義される。よって、当量比(φ)は、数学的に以下のように表現することができる。
CIディーゼルエンジンの酸素が制限された運転は、一般に、以下のような用途で生じる。
・ 高負荷での、即ち最大出力を得るための燃料注入での運転
・ 同じく燃料注入レベルが高く、(積極的に小型化されたディーゼルエンジン、レース用又は軍用のディーゼルエンジンのように)高性能用に最適化された運転
・ 燃焼に使用できる酸素の量を実質的に減少させるEGRが増加された条件下での運転
・ 種々のNOx排気ガス後処理技術を用いることによる、化学量論的条件下又はそれに近い条件下での運転
本発明によると、酸素が制限された条件下でFT由来のディーゼル燃料を使用する場合のエンジンの効率が、同じ条件下で原油由来の燃料の場合に観測される効率に比して、向上される。その効率は、機械的仕事量/燃料エネルギー入力の比と定義される。
IMEPはPaで表す図示平均有効圧であり、
Vdはm3で表すシリンダ行程容積であり、
mfはkgで表す1サイクルあたり噴射される燃料の質量であり、
LHVはJ/kgで表す燃料の低位発熱量である。
・ GTLによる完全合成のFT由来ディーゼル
・ 代表的な欧州規格EN590の原油由来ディーゼル
・ トルクを、動力計のロードセルによって測定した。
・ シリンダ内圧用トランスデューサ(AVL Q34C型)により得られた信号から、IMEP(図示平均有効圧)を算出した。
・ 燃料消費量は、校正された燃料計(AVL 733型)を使用して質量ベースで測定し、20℃での燃料密度を用いて体積に換算した。
・ 空気消費量は、校正された層流型流量計(Cussons 1202型)によって測定した。
・ エネルギー入力は、各サイクルで注入される燃料エネルギーを表し、これは、エンジン回転数、燃料の質量流量、及び燃料のエネルギー含量に基づくものである。
.LHV)を増加させると(つまり、燃料注入レベルを増加させると)、これによって、シリンダ内で利用できる酸素が制限されるようになって、燃焼効率が低下し、同じくエンジンの全体効率が低下する。最終的に、これらの点は、一定IMEPでの効率を示す双曲線に沿うことになる。これは、より多くのエネルギー(即ち、燃料)が追加されてもIMEPの増加は得られないので、酸素が制限されたエンジンの最大出力と考えることができる。
(1)J.B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw Hill, 1988, pg 69.
Claims (11)
- エンジン効率の向上を達成するためにディーゼルエンジンを動作させる方法であって、酸素が制限された動作条件下、前記エンジンにおいて、(20℃での)密度が0.800g.cm-3未満である留出燃料を燃焼させることを含み、前記エンジンの効率が、従来の原油由来ディーゼル燃料を使用した場合に得られるエンジン効率に対して少なくとも1%向上される、前記方法。
- 前記留出燃料が、0.780g.cm-3以下の密度を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記留出燃料が、0.770g.cm-3以下の密度を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記留出燃料が、その成分として、フィッシャー‐トロプシュディーゼル燃料を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記留出燃料が、フィッシャー‐トロプシュディーゼル燃料である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- (20℃での)密度が0.800g.cm-3未満である留出燃料の、ディーゼルエンジンの燃料としての使用であって、酸素が制限された条件下で前記ディーゼルエンジンを動作させて前記燃料を燃焼し、前記エンジンの効率が、従来の原油由来ディーゼル燃料を使用した場合に得られるエンジン効率に対して少なくとも1%向上されることを含む、前記使用。
- 前記留出燃料が、0.780g.cm-3以下の密度を有する、請求項6に記載の使用。
- 前記留出燃料が、0.770g.cm-3以下の密度を有する、請求項7に記載の使用。
- 前記留出燃料が、その成分として、フィッシャー‐トロプシュディーゼル燃料を含む、請求項6〜8のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記留出燃料が、フィッシャー‐トロプシュディーゼル燃料である、請求項9に記載の使用。
- エンジン効率が少なくとも1.5%向上される、請求項6〜10のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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ZA201006404 | 2010-09-07 | ||
ZA2010/6404 | 2010-09-07 | ||
PCT/ZA2011/000066 WO2012034140A1 (en) | 2010-09-07 | 2011-09-06 | Diesel engine efficiency improvement |
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JP2013537250A true JP2013537250A (ja) | 2013-09-30 |
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JP2013528407A Pending JP2013537250A (ja) | 2010-09-07 | 2011-09-06 | ディーゼルエンジンの効率向上 |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US20130333651A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2013537250A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2011298995B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2810567A1 (ja) |
NL (1) | NL2007359C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012034140A1 (ja) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2005523973A (ja) * | 2002-04-25 | 2005-08-11 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | ディーゼル燃料組成物 |
JP2006522859A (ja) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-10-05 | サソル テクノロジー (ピーティーワイ)リミテッド | 低硫黄ディーゼル燃料及び航空機タービン燃料 |
JP2007262157A (ja) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-11 | Nippon Oil Corp | ディーゼル燃料組成物 |
JP2007535614A (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2007-12-06 | セイソル テクノロジー (プロプライエタリー) リミテッド | 原油由来のディーゼル燃料及びガストゥーリキッドディーゼル燃料のブレンド |
JP2007321054A (ja) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-13 | Nippon Oil Corp | 軽油組成物 |
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NZ250750A (en) | 1993-01-27 | 1995-02-24 | Sasol Chem Ind Pty | Reacting gases in a slurry bed which contains a filtration zone to separate liquid product |
ZA985992B (en) | 1997-07-15 | 2000-01-10 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | A process for producing liquid and, optionally, gaseous products from gaseous reactants. |
ATE264710T1 (de) | 1997-10-07 | 2004-05-15 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung von flüssigen und gegebenfalls von gasförmigen produkten aus gasförmigen reaktanten |
ATE302257T1 (de) * | 1997-10-28 | 2005-09-15 | Univ Kansas Ct For Res Inc | Treibstoffmischung für kompressionszündmaschine mit leichten synthetischen roh- und mischbestandteilen |
EG22489A (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2003-02-26 | Sasol Technology | Process for producing liquid and optionally gaseous products from gaseous reactants |
US20020020107A1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2002-02-21 | Bailey Brent K. | Low molecular weight compression ignition fuel |
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US20050154240A1 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2005-07-14 | Myburgh Ian S. | Synthetic fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions and a method of operating a compression ignition engine using said fuel in conjunction with oxidation catalysts |
US7141529B2 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2006-11-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Metal loaded microporous material for hydrocarbon isomerization processes |
US8766022B2 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2014-07-01 | Shell Oil Company | Method for synergistically increasing the cetane number of a fuel composition and a fuel composition comprising a synergistically increased cetane number |
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WO2009050287A1 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-23 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Functional fluids for internal combustion engines |
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2011
- 2011-09-06 WO PCT/ZA2011/000066 patent/WO2012034140A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-09-06 AU AU2011298995A patent/AU2011298995B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-09-06 CA CA2810567A patent/CA2810567A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-06 NL NL2007359A patent/NL2007359C2/en active
- 2011-09-06 US US13/820,979 patent/US20130333651A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-06 JP JP2013528407A patent/JP2013537250A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2005523973A (ja) * | 2002-04-25 | 2005-08-11 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | ディーゼル燃料組成物 |
JP2006522859A (ja) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-10-05 | サソル テクノロジー (ピーティーワイ)リミテッド | 低硫黄ディーゼル燃料及び航空機タービン燃料 |
JP2007535614A (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2007-12-06 | セイソル テクノロジー (プロプライエタリー) リミテッド | 原油由来のディーゼル燃料及びガストゥーリキッドディーゼル燃料のブレンド |
JP2007262157A (ja) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-11 | Nippon Oil Corp | ディーゼル燃料組成物 |
JP2007321054A (ja) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-13 | Nippon Oil Corp | 軽油組成物 |
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WO2012034140A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
AU2011298995B2 (en) | 2016-04-07 |
NL2007359A (en) | 2012-03-08 |
AU2011298995A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
NL2007359C2 (en) | 2012-06-05 |
US20130333651A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
CA2810567A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
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