JP2013530821A5 - - Google Patents

Description

Continuous processing reactor and method of use thereof

  The present invention relates to process reactors, and more particularly to continuous process reactors that can provide a processed fluid with high heat transfer rates, high mass transfer rates, high mixing rates, and high other transport rates.

A common problem in chemical reaction processes is how to achieve proper fluid dynamics in the reactor so as to efficiently produce the desired product. The reactants need to be mixed so that the reaction component molecules come into contact with other components of the reaction including the catalyst. The presence of gaseous reactants will further require an increase in the surface area at the interface between the gas and liquid components to improve the reaction efficiency.

In order to improve mixing and contact between the reaction components, the thin film reactor is configured to include, among other things, a coating of the catalyst on the inner surface of the processing chamber (ie, the processing surface). In addition, a sol gel or washcoat (or washcoating) can be applied to the treatment surface to improve the adhesion of the catalyst to the treatment surface of the treatment chamber. However, coatings tend to wear over time and inevitably tend to deactivate.

To address the requirements of the surface area increase between the components, a particular film reactor is the material to be processed (e.g., fluid body) to include a rotary distributor which can be used to provide on the inner wall Has been. However, these reactors, since combining the strong heat exchange with the short residence time for the material to be processed, such a configuration, when the material enters the processing chamber, the processing chamber and the source (or the heat source, source) due to the temperature difference rapidly between the have obtained Rukoto by rapidly expanding the material, resulting in an uneven spreading of the material on the inner wall of the processing chamber.

Other thin film reactors include one or more rotating wipers that can be applied to the inner wall of the processing chamber to distribute the material to be processed onto the inner wall (ie, the processing surface). However, direct contact of the wiper onto the treated surface, and contamination of the material would result and wipers, and undesired wear of the reactor inner wall. Furthermore, due to the required wiper placement, it remains a problem to obtain a uniform thin film along the entire length of the inner wall of the processing chamber. In the presence of viscous fluid, material deposition will occur due to non-uniform flow. When this happens, the deposited material comes into contact with the wiper, the rotating system, could lose its mechanical balance and may impair rotation.

The thin film reactor also includes a turntable, and the fluid to be processed is distributed from the turntable onto the processing surface of the processing chamber. Unfortunately, such reactors are not configured to have a sufficiently long residence time and are not suitable for large scale processing. Furthermore, in the current configuration of thin film reactors, these thin film reactors have high transport rates (ie, relatively high heat transfer rates, mass transfer rates, mixing rates or combinations thereof associated with the fluid being processed). It may seem that it lacks the ability to have

Thus, a substantially uniform thin distribution of the fluid or material being processed on the processing surface can be provided, mixing and / or contact between the reaction components can be improved, and a sufficiently long residence time can be provided, can give relatively high transport rates, there is a need for a thin film reactor equipped with a structure that gives while high throughput.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one embodiment of the present invention, a reactor for processing fluid is provided. The reactor includes an outer vessel having an inner surface and can contain the fluid to be treated in contact with the inner surface. In one embodiment, the inner surface of the outer container allows the fluid being processed to descend in a substantially uniform thin film, where the fluid being processed has a relatively high heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate, mixing rate, It can be configured to have other transport speeds or combinations thereof. The inner surface of the outer container may be provided with a profiled pattern to create additional surface area so that the fluid being treated can be treated, processed, separated, and increased in residence time. Can flow over additional surface area to facilitate one or a combination thereof. The reactor also includes an inner vessel located within the outer vessel having an outer surface that serves as a heat exchange surface for the fluid being processed. In one embodiment, the inner container includes an inner surface through which heat exchange fluid can flow in contact with the inner surface. The heat exchange fluid generally has a temperature that may differ from the temperature of the fluid being processed so as to provide a temperature difference between the outer surface of the inner container and the inner surface of the outer container. The reactor further includes an annular space defined between the outer vessel and the inner vessel to provide a path, and fluid treatment can be performed along the path. In one embodiment, the annular space can be configured to maintain a temperature difference between the outer and inner containers and provide a relatively high transport rate for the fluid being processed. Furthermore, the annular space can contain a second fluid for interaction with the fluid to be treated. In one embodiment, the second fluid can move in the annular space such that it is in reverse flow with respect to the fluid flow being processed. A bed of packing material is provided in the annular space to increase the surface area so that a portion of the fluid to be processed spans the surface area to increase its transport rate. And a substantially uniform temperature distribution over the annular space.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for treating a fluid is provided. The method initially includes introducing the fluid to be treated into the outer container so that it contacts the inner surface. In this step, the ability of the fluid to be handled, processed and / or separated is improved, and the fluid being processed has a relatively high heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate, mixing rate or combinations thereof. A substantially uniform thin film flow of the fluid to be treated may be provided against the inner surface of the outer container. In one embodiment, the fluid to be treated may be supplied in a rotating manner to form substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements on the inner surface of the outer container. The method also includes providing an inner container within the outer container having a heat exchange surface at a temperature different from the temperature of the fluid being processed. In this step, the heat exchange fluid supplied at a temperature different from the temperature of the fluid to be processed can be distributed in contact with the inner surface of the inner container. The distribution of the heat exchange fluid may be in a rotational manner so as to form substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements on the inner surface of the inner container. This method is to provide a relatively high transport speed to the fluid to be treated therein, further comprising the step of maintaining a temperature differential across the path between the outer container and the inner container. In one embodiment, the maintaining includes providing a path having a relatively short distance between the outer surface of the inner container and the inner surface of the outer container. Furthermore, the second fluid can be moved into the path and can interact with the fluid being processed. In one embodiment, the second fluid, Ru obtained can move so as to reverse flow to the flow of fluid to be treated. To the extent desired, the bed of packing material can be positioned in the path to increase the surface area, and the fluid being processed can contact over the surface area for increased transport speed. In such embodiments, a portion of the fluid to be treated can be introduced into the outer container and into the pathway.

Processing reactor and processing method of the present invention, the fluid associated with the organic systems - fluid or solid - fluid - a variety of applications, including the interaction of the fluid (especially, distillation, evaporation, cooling of the superheated steam, ultraviolet and / or Can be used for microwave initiated reactions, desalting and carbon dioxide removal).

The reactors of the present invention can also be arranged in sequence (or in series) so that multiple passages for the fluid being processed through each reactor can increase the transport rate. Each reactor in this system can be configured for different functions as required. Or, the reactor of the present invention, a third container inside the container to comprise separate annular space between the third container and the inner container may be free Ndei, through such reactor Allows multiple passages for the fluid to be processed. If necessary, may be provided additional containers further, each of which is installed successfully in conventional inner container.

1, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the fluid - a fluid reaction or solid - fluid - shows a cross-sectional view of a long axis direction of the processing system having a continuous reactor for providing fluid reaction. 2, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the fluid - a fluid reaction or solid - fluid - shows another cross-sectional view of the long axis direction of the continuous reactor for providing fluid reaction. 3, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the fluid - a fluid reaction or solid - fluid - shows a cross-sectional view of a major axis of yet another continuous reactor for providing fluid reaction. 4, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the fluid - a fluid reaction or solid - fluid - shows another cross-sectional view of the long axis direction of the continuous reactor for providing fluid reaction. FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a continuous reactor for performing an evaporation and / or distillation process according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a continuous reactor for cooling of superheated steam, according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram for performing a UV initiated reaction (or UV initiated reaction) and / or a microwave initiated reaction (or microwave initiated reaction) according to one embodiment of the present invention. A sectional view in the major axis direction of the continuous reactor is shown. FIG. 8 shows an additional embodiment of the reactor of the present invention. FIG. 9 shows an additional embodiment of the reactor of the present invention.

Description of Specific Embodiments According to one embodiment of the present invention, a processing system is provided having a reactor for continuous processing of materials. The reactor may provide a sufficiently long residence time on the material being processed so as to improve the mixing and / or contact between the reactants, and can give a relatively high transport speed, higher while Give throughput.

The reactor is generally placed within the outer vessel to function as an energy exchange surface with an outer vessel containing materials (eg, fluids and / or solids) that are processed or used in contact with the outer vessel. Fukumi and inner container and an outer receptacle (Dekiru is to give temperature differences along the outside Yoki and inner container so Ataeru a relatively Takai transport rate) defined annular Kukan in between the inner container and, while in connection with the material to be treated provide a high throughput.

Reactor
Referring now to FIG. 1, according to one embodiment, the processing system of the present invention, among other things may comprise a reactor 10 for continuous processing. As shown, the reactor 10 includes an outer vessel 11 for containing the fluid to be processed. In one embodiment, the outer container 11 includes a body portion 12 to accommodate one or more fluids are treated with (any of the materials used in contact with the outer container 11 according to the and required) therein . In one embodiment, the body portion 12 may be substantially cylindrical, may include an upper end 121 and bottom end 122. The main body 12 may include an inner surface 123 (ie, a processing surface) and an opposed outer surface 124 that extend between the upper end 121 and the bottom end 122 of the main body 12. In one embodiment, the inner surface 123 may be configured to allow the fluid to be treated to enter or contact the inner surface 123. In one embodiment, the fluid to be treated can flow downwardly along the length of the inner surface 123 in the direction of arrow 125 in a substantially uniform thin film. In one embodiment, a substantially uniform flow of fluid along the inner surface 123 may be facilitated by, for example, gravity forces. Fluid, by being able to substantially uniformly flows as a thin film, the fluid is handled by a relatively high level of energy efficiency, can be well adapted to processing and / or separation, while a relatively high transport speed (i.e., The fluid is given a heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and / or mixing rate. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the flow of thin film provided on the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 can have a thickness in the range of about 1.0 microns to about 1.0 cm. However, of course, since not intended reactor 10 of the present invention is limited in this manner, also larger than the smaller than the range given, or given range thickness, also on the particular application It turns out that it is considered according to.

The outer container 11, the heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer rates, mixing speed and / or high other related range requests there Ri Ru give to the transport rates further improved until in a relatively high transport speed to the fluid to be treated As can be configured, the inner surface 123 can be formed to create an additional surface area, and the fluid to be treated can flow over this additional surface area. In particular, by providing additional surface area through which the fluid can flow, the residence time or residence time during which heat transfer can occur to (or from the fluid) can be increased. The shape pattern of the inner surface 123 can also help to increase the surface tension of the fluid flowing along the inner surface 123 and can help maintain a substantially thin and uniform film of liquid along the inner surface 123. . Examples of shape patterns for the inner surface 123 include grooves. In one embodiment, the grooves can be placed horizontally, vertically, in a zigzag pattern, or in any other configuration. Grooves can be provided along the inner surface 123 , but as long as any other shape pattern (eg, indentations, bumps, undulations) can help increase the transport rate. The shape pattern may be provided.

In addition to providing a shape pattern on the inner surface 123 of the main body portion 12 (or alternatively), the inner surface 123, handling, processing and / or the separation can include a coating to facilitate, in the other hand the inner surface 123 Give relatively high transport speed to the fluid flowing along. In one embodiment, the coating may have any chemical, physical, electrical, magnetic or other type of properties known in the art .

Of course, the main body portion 12 of the outer container 11 are illustrated as cylindrical, but, for example, triangular, square, hexagonal, any shape or configuration of octagonal or any desired length, and It will be appreciated that any other geometric configuration of diameter may be provided depending on the application. In addition, the body 12 allows for the transfer of heat, any solid material including metal, metal alloy, plastic, glass, quartz, ceramic, or heat, maintained at a predetermined temperature, and / or temperature as required. may be made by any other solid material was that obtained allow change.

Still referring to FIG. 1, the outer vessel 12 of the reactor 10 includes a bottom 13 that is processed along the inner surface 123 of the body 12 and is configured to collect and remove falling fluid, among other things. May be included. Further, the bottom 13 may be configured to introduce other fluid (s) into the outer container 11 for use in connection with the fluid being processed. In one embodiment, the bottom 13 may be integral with the main body 12. Alternatively, the bottom 13 may be removably secured to the body 12 so as to provide a substantial fluid tight seal therewith . To provide a substantially fluid tight seal, the body portion 12 and the bottom portion 13 may comprise a complementary engaging flange 131, which may be a screw, nut and bolt , or any other such They can be secured to each other through the use of mechanisms known in the art . A rubber o-ring or other similar seal may be provided between the complementary engaging flanges 131 to enhance the fluid tight seal. Of course, other configurations may be utilized other than the use of flange 131 as long as a substantial fluid tight seal can be provided. Further, the bottom portion 13 may be pivotably fixed to the main body portion 12 within a desired range.

To allow removal of the bottom 13 collected processed fluid into, as at least one outlet 132 places can be installed along the bottom 13, removal of the collected fluid can be sufficiently achieved Become . In one embodiment, the fluid removed from the bottom 13 is collected in a catchment (not shown) located near the outlet 132 or via any other art-known means. it can. Or, to introduce the fluid into the outer container 11, the inlet 133 along the bottom 13 can be placed anywhere, the fluid can be introduced and through the bottom 13. In certain applications, fluid flowing along the inner surface 123 of the body portion 122 can pass through the outlet 132 so as to minimize interference with other fluids that can be introduced into the reactor 10 through the bottom portion 13. A partition plate 134 can be installed adjacent to the outlet 132 so as to substantially prevent downward flow in the bottom 13 where other fluids may be present.

As shown, the bottom 13 may be parabolic. However, it will be appreciated that the bottom 13 may be conical or flat or may have any other geometric shape that can complement the geometric shape of the bottom end 122 of the body 12. . The bottom 13 is similar to the material from which the body 12 is made, including metal, metal alloy, plastic, glass, quartz, ceramic, so that the bottom 13 can be used to contain one or more fluids. It may be made of any solid material, or any other solid material that can be maintained at a given temperature and / or allows temperature changes as needed.

The outer container 11 of the reactor 10 may further include an upper portion 14 for holding fluid to be processed in the outer container 11. A top portion 14 similar to the bottom portion 13 may be integral with the body portion 12. Alternatively, the upper portion 14 may be removably secured to the body portion 12 with a substantial fluid tight seal therewith . As comprising a substantially fluid tight seal, and the body portion 12 and the upper 14, may be provided with a flange 141 which engages in a complementary manner, the flange is threaded, nuts and bolts, or any other such, They can be secured to each other through the use of mechanisms known in the art . A rubber o-ring or other similar seal may be provided between the complementary engaging flanges 141 to enhance the fluid tight seal. Of course, other configurations may be utilized other than the use of flange 141 as long as a substantial fluid tight seal can be provided. Further, the upper portion 14 may be pivotably fixed to the main body 12 within a desired range.

In one embodiment, the upper portion 14 allows for the removal of any fluid, including liquids and gases (which may be used in contact with processing fluid flowing along the inner surface 123 of the body portion 12). As such, at least one exhaust 142 may be provided. Exhaust pipe 142 during the processing of the fluid along the inner surface 123 may be used to release any gas which has been able to use to pressurize the outer container 11. As shown, the upper portion 14 may be parabolic. However, of course, the top 14, conical, may comprise any other geometric shape flat der may I, or a geometric shape of the upper portion 121 of the main body portion 12 can be complemented . In addition, because the top 14 may need to withstand high pressure, the top 14 can be any solid similar to the material from which the body 12 is made, including metals, metal alloys, plastics, glass, quartz, ceramics. It would be preferable to be made of a material, or any other solid material that can be maintained at a given temperature and / or allows temperature changes as needed.

  It should be noted that these openings or apertures, referred to as exhausts, inlets or outlets, can be used to introduce or remove fluid from the outer container 11. It is.

Still referring to FIG. 1, in addition to the outer vessel 11, the reactor 10 exchanges heat for fluid that is installed in the outer vessel and flows along the inner surface 123 (ie, processing surface) of the outer vessel 11. It may further include an inner container 15 configured to include a surface. In one embodiment, the inner container 15 may be I substantially cylindrical shape der, and may be placed concentrically within the outer container 11, and the inner container 15 and outer container 11, substantially mutually Thus, it can be straight in the axial direction. Furthermore, the inner container 15 may have a somewhat smaller diameter than the diameter of the outer container 11, the annular space 16 may be defined between the inner container 15 and outer container 11 to include a path The treatment of the fluid along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 can be performed along the path. In one embodiment, the relative proportions against size and diameter of the inner container 15 and outer container 11 or to the other container of one of the container, can be changed and determined by the particular application. The inner side vessel 15 to support at that position in the outer container 11, the inner container 15 is upright or leg (leg) may be placed on the 151. A leg 151 may be placed in the bottom 13 of the outer container 11 , where fluid flow may need to be maintained across the bottom 13, so that fluid flow causes the leg 151 to flow. Leg 151 may be porous so that it can travel through.

As shown, the inner vessel 15 may include a body portion 17 configured to serve as a heat exchange surface within the reactor 10. Especially, a body portion 17 the outer surface 171 of the inner container, may be including Ndei an inner surface 172, the heat exchange fluid may flow in the direction of arrow 173 along the outer surface 171 and inner surface 172. In one embodiment, the heat exchange fluid flowing along the inner surface 172 of the inner vessel 15 may be supplied at a different temperature than the processed fluid flowing along the inner surface 123 of the outer vessel 12. By supplying heat exchange fluids having different temperatures, to facilitate relatively high transport rates during handling, processing and / or separation of fluid flowing along the inner surface 123 of the outer vessel 12 A temperature difference may occur across the annular space 16 between the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 and the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15. Examples of heat exchange fluids include water, oil, glycol mixtures, Dowtherm®, or any fluid that can perform heat exchange.

In one embodiment, the heat exchange fluid to give so that can flow downward along the length of the inner surface 172 in the form of a substantially uniform thin film, similar to the inner surface 123 of the outer container, the inner container 15 Of the inner surface 172 may be configured. In one embodiment, a substantially uniform flow of heat exchange fluid along the inner surface 172 can be facilitated , for example , by the force of gravity. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the thin film flow applied to the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15 may have a thickness in the range of about 1.0 microns to about 1.0 cm. However, the inner container 15 of the present invention, since it is not intended to be limited in this manner, or smaller than the range given, or have large thickness than the range given Saga, depending on the particular application that is considered in particular should also be noted.

To maintain a substantially thin and uniform film of fluid along the inner surface 172 of the inner side vessel 15, to support the increase in specific surface tension, the inner surface 172, provided along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 A shape pattern (not shown) similar to the shape pattern can be provided. An example of a shape pattern for the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15 includes a groove. In one embodiment, the grooves may be provided horizontally, vertically, in a zigzag pattern, or in any other configuration. Grooves may be provided along the inner surface 172, however, for example, indentations (identations), the hump (bumps), the other shape pattern, such as irregularities (undulations), to improve the uniformity of the thin film stream As long as it can support, the shape pattern can be provided.

Of course, the body portion 17 of the inner container 15 is illustrated as a cylindrical shape , but any shape or configuration such as, for example, a triangle, square, hexagon, octagon, or any desired length and diameter. any other geometric configuration, and it is understood that it may comprise, depending on the application of. Further, the main body portion 17 is an arbitrary solid including metal, metal alloy, plastic, glass, quartz, ceramic so as to generate a temperature difference between the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 and the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15. material or can allow the transfer of heat, work by any other solid material capable of allowing the change of can Rukoto is maintained at a predetermined temperature, and / or optionally the temperature, May be.

The inner vessel 15 of the reactor 10 may include a bottom end 18 for collecting and removing heat exchange fluid that may have moved downward from the inner surface 172 of the body portion 17. In one embodiment, the bottom end 18 may be integral with the body portion 17 so that the body portion 17 is provided with a substantially tight fluid seal. An outlet port 181 may be provided to allow removal of fluid collected from the bottom end 18. In one embodiment, the outlet port 181 may be in fluid connection with the bottom 13 of the outer container 11 so that heat exchange fluid can exit from the inner container 15 into the bottom 13 of the outer container 11, The heat exchange fluid can then be removed through outlet 182. As shown, the bottom end 18 may be conical. However, it should be understood that the bottom end 18 is parabolic or flat, or in any other geometric shape as long as the bottom end 18 can direct the heat exchange fluid toward the outlet pole 181. It turns out that it may be provided.

  The inner vessel 15 of the reactor 10 may further include an upper end 19 for holding the heat exchange fluid within the inner vessel 15. In one embodiment, the upper end portion 19 may be integral with the body portion 17 such that the body portion 17 is provided with a substantially hermetic fluid seal. Similar to the bottom end 18, the upper end 19 of the inner container 15 may be cylindrical. However, it should be understood that any other geometric shape may be used as long as the upper end 19 is parabolic or flat, or the upper end 19 can function to maintain a heat exchange fluid within the inner vessel 15. May be provided.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the top end 19 and bottom end 18 of the inner container 15 may be made of any solid material similar to the material provided for the body 17 of the inner container. . Examples of such materials are metal, metal alloy, plastic, glass, quartz, ceramic, or heat transfer, can be maintained at a given temperature, and / or can change temperature as needed Including any other solid material that can .

As described above, the temperature difference between the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 and the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 is maintained, facilitating handling, processing and / or separation, compared to fluid flowing along the inner surface 123. The annular space 16 may be installed between the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 and the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 so as to provide a high transport speed. In one embodiment of the present invention, the annular space 16 is provided with a path, and the processing of the fluid along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 can be performed along the path. An arrangement may be provided that allows at least a second fluid (ie, a gas or liquid) to enter the annular space 16 to contact and affect the fluid being applied. Flow In one embodiment, the second fluid, which drops of fluid upwardly in the annular space 16 (i.e., the flow rising) may be moved, and in the direction of arrow 125 processing It may be possible to move along the direction of the arrow 161 so as to flow backward. By creating a countercurrent flow between the rising second fluid and the descending processed fluid, the contact at the interface between the second fluid and the processed fluid is compared. Can be increased over a relatively large surface area that provides a high transport rate.

Furthermore, by providing one or both of the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 and the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 having a shape pattern, between the descending fluid and the ascending fluid in the annular space 16. The residence time or residence period during which contact can occur can be substantially increased. A shape pattern such as a pattern 174 shown on the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 may be used. Alternatively, other shape patterns such as grooves, dents, bumps, and irregularities may be used. Further, each of these patterns may be provided horizontally, vertically, in a zigzag pattern, or in any other configuration, as described above. For illustrative purposes, the formation pattern 174 shown can be implemented on each of the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 and the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15 as shown . By increasing the residence time of the process in the annular space 16, in one embodiment, the process can obtain relatively higher energy efficiency and other processing efficiencies.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the annular space 16 may be provided with a width in the range of about 0.2 cm to about 2 cm. However, it should be understood that an annular space having any size width can be used. Due to the relatively short distance across the annular space 16, temperature differences or temperature gradients that can be formed in the annular space 16 can also result in relatively higher energy and processing efficiencies. Furthermore, due to the configuration of the reactor 10, the annular space 16 can be maintained under vacuum conditions in relation to a given application in order to influence the reaction rate. Of course, due to the fact that the second fluid can move into the annular space 16, the size and configuration of the divider 134 installed adjacent to the outlet 132 is such that the divider 134 does not contact the inner container 15. It may be possible to extend into the annular space 16. As such, the presence of the divider plate 134 avoids compromising the inflow of the second fluid into the annular space 16 and is sufficient to move the fluid from the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 through the outlet 132. The length is maintained.

A heat pump to act as a source for heating or cooling the fluid flowing along the inner surface 123 so as to further impart and increase the transport rate of the fluid being processed along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11. An energy source such as the jacket 111 may be provided in an annular shape around the body portion 12 of the outer container 11. For example, if the interaction between the descending treated fluid and the ascending second fluid in the annular space 16 results in some temperature change of the descending fluid, the jacket 111. is raising the temperature of the fluid is lowered to proper desired temperature is achieved, or may be used to regulate down.

In one embodiment, the jacket 111 is any commercially available heat pump and may include an inductive element, a resistive element, or a conductive element. The jacket 132 may further include additional elements that improve thermal performance. Alternatively, instead of a heat pump, the jacket 111 allows a relatively elevated or relatively cold temperature fluid to pass through the jacket 111 and heats the fluid flowing along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11. Or it may be configured to act as a source for cooling. To that end, the jacket 111 may include a port 112 through which gas, liquid, solid, or fluid can enter and exit the jacket 111. In one embodiment, the jacket 111 may be made of metal, metal alloy, plastic, glass, quartz, ceramic, or any other material that can maintain and provide high or low temperatures.

One advantage of the reactor 10 of the present invention is the ability to provide a substantially uniform thin film along the inner surface 123 of the outer vessel 11 for processing. To do so , the reactor 10 utilizes a fluid supply system 101 as illustrated in FIG. 1 according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, delivery system 101, fluid may comprise a route 102 configured to introduce the source (not shown) inside the outer container 11 to be processed. The supply system 101 can also include a first rotatable member 103, such as a disk, that is in fluid connection with the path 102, so that fluid from the path 102 can be continuously moved as needed. Then, the first rotatable member 103 can supply the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11.

Of course, in one embodiment, member 103, in a manner that the rotation results in centrifugal operation, so that to move the fluid that is received from path 102 near member 103 (i.e., end portion) outwardly toward the Can be configured. The rotation of the member 103 can cause the fluid around the member 103 to leave the member 103 and spin more continuously on the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 into substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements. The continuous supply of substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements onto the inner surface 123 can form a substantially uniform thin film such that the fluid being treated falls along the inner surface 123.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, member 103 is in the outer container 11 may be installed on the elongated tube 104 may be away from the path 102. As shown, the elongated tube 104 may extend to the inner container 15 within through the bottom 13 of the outer container 11, and may extend through the upper portion 19 of the inner container 15, the path 102 and substantially as a straight line in the axial direction. In one embodiment, the tube 104 can be placed coaxially in the outlet 182 and fluid exiting the inner container 15 can exit .

The delivery system 101 may be in fluid connection with the tube 104 and may include a second rotatable member 105 installed in the inner container 15. In one embodiment, the second rotatable member 105 may be used to provide a substantially uniform thin film of heat exchange fluid on the inner surface 172 of the inner vessel 15. As shown, the second member 105 can be pierced, and fluid moved along the tube 104 can be supplied from the second member 105.

Similar to the first rotatable member 103, a second rotatable member 105, in such a manner that its rotation brings centrifugal operation, the peripheral member 105 of fluid that is received from the tube 104 (i.e., It can also be configured to move outward toward the end). The rotation of the second member 105 further continuously feeds its surrounding fluid as substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements onto the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15 through its perforation s. it can be. The continuous supply of substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements onto the inner surface 172 allows a substantially uniform thin film to be formed as the processed fluid descending along the inner surface 172. To do.

Supply system 101, for example, the rotation of the tube 104 in the direction indicated by arrow 106, thus members 103 and 105 rotate (not shown) configured motor to make operation of may further comprise a. In one embodiment, the motor may be configured to member 103 may be coupled to the opposite end of the tube 104 and to position, and rotates at a sufficient speed. In one embodiment, the rotational speed of the motor may be controlled so that the rotational speed can be changed as needed. For example, if the flow rate of the fluid may be changed, the rotational speed of the motor can be modified to ensure uniform distribution of the thin film.

As shown in FIG. 2, the position of the first rotatable member 103 in the supply system 101 is illustrated as being away from the path 102, however, substantially the rotatable member 103 is in the path 102 And may be in fluid connection with the path 102. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the path 102 may be it extended der of the tube 104 may remain in a straight line in the tube 104 and substantially axially. That is, the tube 104 extends from the upper end portion 19 of the inner container 15, through the upper 14 to obtain so that continued extending of the outer container 11, the tube 104 may be extended. On the other hand, the first rotatable member 103, the opening in the periphery (not shown) may be including Ndei a fluid that is moved to the rotatable member 103, an opening from within member 103 Through, it can be supplied onto the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11. Motor (not shown) may be connected to the end of the tube 104 extending from the upper portion 14 of the outer container 11 may actuate the rotation of the tube 104 in the direction of arrow 20. Of course, the extent desired, the motor, adjacent to the bottom 13 of the outer container 11, the opposite end of the tube 104 may be coupled instead.

As shown FIG. 2, the first rotatable member 103 is rotatable for the purpose to supply, and as far as possible be provided with openings in its periphery, the hollow of the disc, a hollow tube or Any other configuration may be used. However, of course, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotatable member 103, seen also can be provided with a similar configuration to the second rotatable member 105. Particularly the rotatable member 103 may comprise a plurality of perforations, the fluid that is moved along the path 102 of the tube 104 can be present in the rotatable member 103 can be supplied therefrom.

Referring to FIG. 4, for a given application there, the annular space 16 of the reactor 10, instead of accommodating a thin film of fluid, it may be filled with a portion of the fluid to be processed. In one such embodiment, the continuous reactor 10 of the present application may comprise a bed of packing material 40 within the annular space 16. Bed packing material 40 may be used to increase the surface area, some of the fluid to be processed may be contacted over the said surface area to increase the transport rate. In one embodiment, the packing material 40 substantially requires the passage of the mesh material, beads , monolith or fluid to be treated so as to increase the residence time or residence time during which the fluid can be treated. Any other material that can have an intertwined (or tortuous) path may be included. In one such embodiment, the reaction may include a back-flowing gas that is introduced into the annular space 16 in the presence of the fluid being processed. This introduction, the gas flows back can generate a bubble in a part of the fluid, and can be moved by passing a bed of packing material 40. Further, the presence of intricate passages in the bed of packing material 40 and the presence of packing material 40 can serve to combine the respective bubbles or to break up into a number of smaller bubbles. be able to. In this way, it is possible to increase the surface area over a lot of higher air bubbles for reaction with the fluid to be treated occurs. In one embodiment, as smaller bubbles are produced, the bed of packing material 40 can function to distribute the bubbles substantially uniformly to a portion of the fluid in the annular space 16.

To the extent desired, the packing material 40 can be coated with a layer of catalyst that facilitates handling, processing and / or separation, further improving the fluid flowing through the annular space 16 with a relatively high transport rate. In one embodiment, for example, packing material 40 according to the particular application by the jacket 11 through the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11, and / or heat exchange fluid through the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15, the heating or Can be cooled. Further, when heated or cooled, the presence of the packing material in the annular space 16 can provide a substantially uniform temperature distribution across the annular space 16.

The Operation Figure 1 Referring again, during operation, the fluid to be treated, generally, be introduced substantially continuously into the outer container 11 of the reactor 10 through a path 102. Fluid to be processed, then, may be moved to the first rotatable member 103 on (or inside), due to the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the member 103, the member 103 around (or end) Can move outward. The rotation of the member 103 causes the surrounding fluid to be further continuously supplied from the member 103 onto the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 as substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements. The continuous supply of substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements onto the inner surface 123 can form a substantially uniform thin film such that the fluid being treated falls along the inner surface 123.

As the fluid to be treated is introduced through path 102, a heat exchange fluid having a temperature different from the temperature of the fluid to be treated may be introduced into the inner container 15 substantially continuously through the tube 104. . The heat exchange fluid, thereafter, may be moved to a second rotatable member 105, again, due to the centrifugal force caused by the rotation member 105, the heat exchange fluid, the periphery of member 105 Move towards. Thus, similar to the first rotatable member 103, the heat exchange fluid allows the substantially uniform droplets or fibrous elements so that a substantially uniform thin film can flow along the inner surface 172. Can be continuously supplied onto the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15.

In certain applications, for example, in a gas-liquid reaction, a back-flowing fluid (ie, gas) can be introduced into the annular space 16 via the inlet 133 on the bottom 13 of the outer vessel 11. Such fluids may be moved along the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 into the annular space 16, the fluid to be treated drops moving along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 (i.e., liquid) Can interact with. The presence of the backflowing fluid along the annular space 16 can improve the efficiency of reaction, handling, processing or separation of the descending fluid. Such increased efficiency can result in increased contact with the falling fluid and / or increased surface area at the boundary between the falling fluid and the rising backflowing fluid. Result. In such applications, reactions that occur based on the continuous interaction between the descending fluid and the rising counter-flowing fluid can affect or affect the temperature of the respective fluid. ( Eg exothermic reaction). Therefore, the temperature of the fluid to be treated is lowered can be controlled by a jacket 111 as needed, however, the temperature of the fluid flowing back along the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15, along the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15 Can be controlled by the moving heat exchange fluid.

Fluid to be treated is lowered to flow Rutoki along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11, once, fluid to be treated is lowered reaches the bottom 13 may be moved in the outlet 132 May be removed from the reactor 10. Similarly, the heat exchange fluid in drops, once it reaches the bottom end 18 of the inner container 15, the heat exchange fluid in drops, may move I through the outlet port 181, an outlet 182 may be removed from the reactor 10.

Due to the configuration of the reactor 10 of the present invention, an increase in surface area and residence due to the interaction between the substantially uniform thin film flow of the processed fluid and the backflowing fluid. the ability of the reactor 10 to provide the increase in time, so as to form a temperature gradient across the narrow annular space 16, and a capacity to provide a temperature difference between the fluid and heat exchange fluid film to be processed reactor 10 of the present invention, the handling of the fluid to be processed, can improve the processing and / or separation, on the other hand, relatively high in such fluids, heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer rates and / or mixing rate Give a transportation speed like. Furthermore, due to the ability to continuously deliver a substantially uniform thin film of fluid over a substantially large surface area, the reactor 10 of the present invention is substantially high for the fluid or fluids involved. A throughput process can be provided.

Example 1: Fluid - fluid or solid- fluid - fluid reaction As shown in the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 5, the present reactor 10 is a fluid-fluid reaction or solid associated with an organic system. -Applicable to fluid-fluid reaction. Of course, the fluid terms used throughout the present specification and the present application is found to contain a gas and a liquid. Thus, reactor 10, for example, a gas - liquid, liquid - liquid, solid - gas - may be I applicable der in the liquid reaction or any other combination.

In one embodiment, the reactor 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 can be used for specific applications (eg, hydrogenation, oxidation, polymerization, dealkylation, alkylation) for organic systems where high pressure and high temperature are used. , Methylation, carboxylation, decarboxylation and especially Fisher-Tropps). This application can be further useful , for example, in the production of organic products from coal slurries or in the production of dimethyl ether (DME) using natural gas, methanol or other organic liquids or gas mixtures as feedstocks. Using transesterification and esterification process may further be applicable to the production of biodiesel and feedstock having a low free fatty acid for diesel.

In FIGS. 1-3, in a liquid-gas reaction, the liquid to be treated may first be continuously introduced onto the first rotatable member 103 through the path 102. The liquid may include water, solvents, chemicals, disinfectants, oils, brine, methanol, ethanol, liquid catalysts, slurry type catalysts or any other type of fluid. Once on the rotatable member 103, the centrifugal force from the rotating member 103 acts to continuously disperse the liquid onto the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 as substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements. This is in such a way that a continuous, substantially uniform thin film of fluid on the inner surface 123 is formed. As the liquid to be treated is introduced through the path 102, the backflowing gas may be introduced into the annular space 16 through the inlet 133 on the outer container 11. The gas may be moved along the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 into the annular space 16, may be able to interact with liquid descending moving along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 . Examples of such gases are hydrogen, oxygen, can include air, synthetic gas, CO _2, nitrogen or any other reactive gas or non-reactive gases.

In this liquid-gas reaction, an exothermic reaction may occur in certain cases . Thus, the temperature of the descending fluid can be controlled by the jacket 111 to maintain the descending fluid at the desired temperature. With respect to the rising backflowing gas, a heat exchange fluid having a temperature different from the temperature of the descending fluid can be introduced substantially continuously through the tube 104 into the inner vessel 15 to control its temperature. The heat exchange fluid then may be moved to a second rotatable member 105, due to the centrifugal force imparted by the rotating member 105, the heat exchange fluid along the inner surface 172, the continuous as to generate a substantially uniform thin film, so that is continuously distributed on the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15 as a component of substantially fine droplets or fibrous.

Liquid to be treated is lowered to flow along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11, once the liquid to be treated is lowered reaches the bottom 13, it may be moved into the outlet 132, the reaction It may be removed from the vessel 10. Similarly, once, the heat exchange fluid which drops reaches the bottom end 18 of the inner container 15, the heat exchange fluid in this drop may be moved through the outlet port 181, an outlet 182 may be removed from the reactor 10. With respect to rising backflowing gas, rising backflowing gas may be removed through the exhaust pipe 142. To the extent desired, a condenser may be provided to condense the back-flowing gas removed for efficient collection. Furthermore, if appropriate, the reaction along the annular space 16 may be maintained under vacuum in order to influence the reaction kinetics.

In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the reactor 10, the solid - fluid - may be used in the fluid reaction may comprise beds of packing material 40 into the annular space 16. Bed packing material 40 may be used to increase the surface area, some of the fluid to be processed that are drop, come into contact over a said surface area so as to further increase the transport rate it can. Further, the packing material 40 must fluid in drop passes may comprise a substantially convoluted paths it is necessary to increase the time period during which process a liquid that is FREE and / or drop. Therefore, the packing material 40, while Ru further provides a relatively high transport speed to a liquid that drops can serve to further promote the handling, processing and / or isolation. Packing material 40, for example, by a jacket 11, and / or by heat exchange fluid of the inner container 15, depending on the particular application, it may be heated or cooled. When heating or cooling, the presence of the packing material in the annular space 16 can provide a substantially uniform temperature distribution across the annular space 16.

Example 2: Evaporation and Distillation As shown in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the reactor 50 of the present invention may be used in an evaporation and distillation process. The evaporation and distillation process includes, for example, removing water from oil, ethanol, methanol, glycerin or other compounds . Moreover, such a process is, for example, the light sweet crude from heavy oil, a mixture or et methanol biodiesel and glycerin, methanol glycerin, and light organics from heavy oil (light organics), heavier organics Removing light organics from the substrate. Further, such a process may include removing an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate from the polymer dispersion, or removing an organic solvent or monomer during the depolymerization process. This process also includes desalting water, concentrating fruit juice, concentrating food materials such as soup and milk, removing light organics from groundwater, and dissolving dissolved organics from the water being processed (ie, factory wastewater). It may be used for removal, removal of dissolved gases from liquids such as carbon dioxide from hot amine solutions and hydrogen sulfide from water, concentration of slurries and various other applications.

In applications for removing lighter organics from heavy organics, the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11, for example, may be heated by a jacket 111, the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15, flows along the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15 It may be cooled by a substantially cooled fluid. Furthermore, the annular space 16 between the outer vessel 11 and the inner vessel 15 may be maintained under reduced pressure to influence the reaction kinetics.

In one embodiment, under the conditions described above, a liquid containing a mild organic or material is vaporized or distilled may be introduced through the path 102, the first rotatable member 103, the outer container 11 May be distributed evenly on the heated inner surface 123. A thin film of liquid, when lowering the inner surface 123 which is heated, steam may be generated along the inner surface 123, then, the steam may contact the cold outer surface 171 relatively more in the inner side vessel 15. Upon contact with the relatively cooler outer surface 171, the vapor may condense and phase change to a liquid. Then, the condensed liquid may flow downwardly along the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 can be collected at the bottom 13 of the outer container 11. The phase change from vapor to liquid form substantially shorter distance in the annular space 16 (typically, the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11, the distance between the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15) over the Can happen. One advantage of this configuration is to provide an energy efficient method for separating lighter compositions from heavier compositions.

The liquid to be treated can also be used as a heat exchange fluid to further improve energy efficiency or energy savings in connection with this particular process. In particular, the relatively cold treated liquid can move through the tube 104 along the inner surface 172 and into the inner container 15. When the liquid is lowered along the inner surface 172, the steam generated from the fluid to be treated is lowered along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 will be able to contact the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15. Thermal energy from the steam can then be absorbed I by the liquids to be treated relatively low temperature that is lowered along the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15. Here, this liquid along the inner surface 172 that has reached a high temperature can be collected at the bottom end 18 of the inner container 15 and passes over the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 through the path 102 and the first rotating member 103. Can move to. As this liquid descends along the inner surface 123, the vapor again comes into contact with the relatively cooler outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 to heat the fluid along the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15. . Once this circulation is established, the jacket 111 can be turned off to save energy, and the process described herein can proceed with high energy efficiency.

A condenser may be provided to condense such remaining vapors for all uncondensed vapors that may be moving towards the top 14 of the outer container 11. In one embodiment, the capacitor, to receive the steam that is not condensed is moved through the exhaust pipe 142 may be located outside the outer container 11, an exhaust pipe 142 and fluid connections It may be in a state . Alternatively, the capacitor may be located in the outer container 104. May be one embodiment, this is capacitor is located within the exhaust pipe 142 in the form of a coil 51.

All liquid distributed on the heated inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 It should also be noted may or may not Tei evaporated. Therefore, such liquid may be able to flow through the inner surface 123 downwardly, it may be moved through the outlet 132 of the bottom 13 of the outer container 11. Optionally, such liquid I through the path 102 for reprocessing (back) may be recycled.

Or, collecting grooves (catch basin) may be located at the bottom of the reactor 50 so as to collect liquid removed from the outlet 132 of the bottom portion 13. A separate water collection channel may be provided to collect such fluid through the inlet 133 for the condensed liquid descending the outer surface 171 and deposited on the bottom 13.

Example 3: Deheating of superheated steam
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 6, the reactor 60 of the present invention, de-superheated (overheat prevention, desuperheat ing) cooling or steam superheated steam may be used in conjunction with. Both the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 and the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 can be maintained at a somewhat lower ( ie, cooler) temperature relative to the superheated steam.

So as to maintain the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 at a relatively low temperature, relatively cool liquid may be introduced through the path 102, the outer container 11 by a first rotatable member 103 It may be distributed substantially evenly on the inner surface 123. Additionally or alternatively, the jacket 111 may be set to a predetermined temperature level to maintain the inner surface 123 at such a relatively low temperature. A relatively cool liquid may be introduced through the tube 104 into the inner container 15 to maintain the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 at a similar relatively low temperature. Subsequently, the fluid may be moved to a second rotatable member 105, then, it may be distributed substantially uniformly along on the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15.

Under the conditions described above, the superheated steam may be injected into the outer container 11 through the exhaust pipe 142 in the upper part 14 of the outer container 11. In one embodiment, the superheated vapor can be supplied as a water particle precipitation, for example, in the microscale to nanoscale range. Then, the steam may be moved into the annular space 16, in one aspect, contact the relatively cool inner surface 123 of the outer container 11, on the other side, a relatively low temperature of the inner container 15 Contact the outer surface 171. Furthermore, when this superheated steam enters the relatively low temperature of the annular space 16, so that collisions with cold fluid being supplied from the first rotary member 103. Contact relatively cool fluid being supplied from the rotating member 103 serves to cool down the superheated steam to a predetermined level. Then, steam moves along the annular space 16, the steam may additionally be cooled, it may be liquefied by condensation for collection.

Especially, in one embodiment, superheated steam, passes through the annular space 16, passes through the relatively low temperature of the liquid body being supplied, vapors, its some thermally and supplied liquid energy (i.e., heat) may be transmitted to, and may become so that pressed by the liquid supplied onto the inner surface 123 of the outer container 104. In one embodiment, the supplied liquid, coating the particles of the steam (i.e., in situ coating processes in (in-situ coating process)) as may work Itei, steam on the inner surface 123 pressing Ru. When steam is pressed onto the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11, the steam may be cooled again by a relatively low temperature Ru Tei is maintained along the inner surface 123. Furthermore, when the vapor transfers its heat to the supplied liquid in the annular space or along the inner surface 123, the liquid may vaporize due to an increase in temperature. The steam generated in the annular space 16 may be condensed by the relatively cool outer surface 171 of the inner container 15. This continuous interaction of the supplied fluid with the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 and the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 can serve to rapidly cool the superheated steam. Then, the cooled steam may be condensed, along the inner surface 123 of the outer surface 171 and an outer container 11 of the inner container 15, to flow downwardly towards the bottom 13 of the outer container 11 to collect the gas steam it can.

Of course, it will be appreciated that the cooling of the superheated steam may be performed with the flow in the same direction as described above, but may also be performed with a backflow configuration. That is, steam may be introduced in the direction of flow back against the relatively cool fluid being supplied from the first rotary member 103.

Example 4: UV or Microwave Initiated Reaction As shown in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the reactor 70 of the present invention is equipped with an ultraviolet (UV) initiated reaction (or ultraviolet induced reaction) such as photopolymerization, water treatment or disinfection. , Ultraviolet initiated reactions ( s ), or organic reactions for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, the reactor 70, the microwave initiation (or microwave-induced reaction, microwave initiated reaction s) may be used in conjunction with. Especially, the microwave energy, as a source for providing heat, and activation aids for organic reactions (especially, coal slurry, liquid organics, and those containing pharmaceuticals, Soudasuto and other wood-based products It may be used as an activation aid for those that convert to cellulose. Microwave energy may also be used for the purpose of high energy efficiency evaporation of water, desalting processes and carbon dioxide capture and separation . For example, energy from microwaves and UV wave, especially be noted can work so that to destroy pathogens and bacteria in the fluid. The present invention, because it is not intended to be limited in this manner, it is capable of other energy sources.

For use in the desalination and treatment of water using microwaves, the reactor 70 may be arranged in substantially the same manner as shown in connection with FIG. In one embodiment, a liquid containing a salt may be introduced through the path 102, it is distributed evenly along the upper inner surface 123 which is heated of the outer container 11 by a first rotatable member 103 It's okay. Generally Oite the same time, relatively cool liquid may be introduced into the inner container 15 through the tube 104. Subsequently, the fluid may be moved to a second rotatable member 105, thereafter, may be distributed substantially uniformly along on the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15.

When a substantially uniform thin film of salt-containing liquid moves along the inner surface 123 of the container 11, the energy source such as the microwave generation device 71 located around the main body 12 of the outer container 11 is microscopic. may be radiation waves are operable to transmit through the wall of the body portion 12 may be heated fluid containing salt flowing along the inner surface 123 of the container 11. Thereby, the thin film of the fluid containing salt vaporizes. Of course, it is necessary to affect the fluid energy is processed in the outer container 11, it is not necessary to influence the heat exchange fluid in the inner vessel 15, using the energy source, such as microwave generators 71 when the body portion 12 of the outer container 11, such energy may be made of a material that can pass through the main body portion 12 of the outer container 11, on the other hand, the inner container 15, in such energy influence it can be seen that may be made by materials that may Na rather than receiving a.

Then, the resulting vapor may traverse the annular space 16, toward the relatively cool outer surface 171 of the inner container 15 may be moved. In contact with the relatively cool outer surface 171, the vapor can condense into a liquid and can descend the outer surface 171 of the inner container 15. The condensed liquid can then be collected from within the bottom 13 of the outer container 11. In one embodiment, the process may be performed by an annular space 16 under reduced pressure conditions. Alternatively, the process may be performed under air or conditions of higher pressure than air.

Of course, it can be seen that all fluids were not heated by microwave radiation. Therefore, the fluid heated is flowing along the inner surface 123 of the outer container 11 may be collected through the outlet 132 of the bottom 13, it is recycled back into the outer container 11 through a path 102 Good. In this way, significantly more energy may not be needed from the microwave source 71 to heat the treated fluid containing salt after the process has begun. As a result, this configuration can provide a substantial energy efficient system for distillation.

In certain instances, in addition to utilizing microwave radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation may be used to destroy any pathogens or bacteria that may be present in the fluid being treated.

Example 5: for use for the purposes of collection and separation of carbon dioxide removal dioxide, none of the reactor shown above, including a reactor illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 are described above And may be used in substantially the same manner.

Liquid that can absorb carbon dioxide gas (e.g., an amine solution) In one embodiment using a pool of such liquid may be exposed to an environment containing carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide liquid It can absorb and remove carbon dioxide from this environment. Once the carbon dioxide Ru saturated, the liquid may be introduced through the path 102, it is distributed evenly along the upper inner surface 123 which is heated of the outer container 11 by a first rotatable member 103 It's okay. Generally Oite the same time, the flow of the gas flowing back has risen to absorb the carbon dioxide may be introduced into the annular space 16.

When a substantially uniform thin film of saturated liquid moves along the inner surface 123 of the container 11, a heating device 71, such as a microwave or fluid pipe, located around the body 12 of the outer container 11, It is operable to heat the saturated fluid flowing along the inner surface 123 of the container 11. On the other hand, the back-flowing gas flow may be maintained at a relatively lower temperature. To do so , a relatively cool liquid may be introduced into the inner container 15 through the tube 104. Subsequently, the fluid may be moved to a second rotatable member 105, then, on the inner surface 172 of the inner container 15, it may be distributed substantially uniformly along.

Rises and the flow of reverse flow to the gas which is, when it comes into contact with the heated saturated liquids, gases flow back may interact with saturated liquid, it can absorb carbon dioxide from the liquid. The liquid may then continue to move down the inner surface 123 and continue to move through the outlet 132 at the bottom 13 of the outer container 11 where it can be collected or recirculated back into the path 102. . Flow of the gas backflow is increased, wherein, when saturated with carbon dioxide can be removed through the exhaust pipe 142 of the upper 14 of the outer container 11. The gas stream saturated with carbon dioxide can then be mixed with other liquids or materials to produce a carbonated product.

Example 6
As shown in FIG. 8, in one embodiment, may be a reactor 80 similar to all reactors illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 7 are arranged in order, it may be configured in the form of fluid connection with each other , all of the above applications, may allow a plurality of passages for be carried out continuously in order to obtain or the reactor or fluid through the structure of similar reactors. It should be noted that all possible combinations of reactors may be established in order, and this order may not be limited as any maximum number of reactors.

As shown in FIG. 9, in a further embodiment, instead of providing the reactor sequentially, the reactor 10 of the present invention, can be configured to include at least a third container 90, the third container 90 is may be installed in the inner container 15 may comprise a second annular space 91 between the inner surface 172 of the outer surface and the inner container 15 of the third container 90. In this configuration, the fluid and / or the gas flowing along the annular space 16 between the outer container 11 and the inner container 15 is outside the annular space 16 and the inner container 15 and the inner container 15 in the inner container 15. It may be moved again to the annular space 91 located between the three containers 90. This re-movement can be achieved through the opening 92 at the upper end 19 and the opening 93 at the bottom end 18 of the inner container 15. With this configuration, it is possible to increase the transport speed of the fluid processed in the plurality of passages passing through the reactor 10. It should be noted that the fourth container can also be placed inside the third container, providing a third annular space. This configuration can repeatedly provide additional fifth, sixth or any additional containers as needed.

Of course, if a plurality of passages is desirable, the reactor either fluid and / or gas trapped from the annular space 16 in FIGS. 1-7, optionally cyclic for multiple passages Return to space 16 for recirculation.

The present invention is a substituted without departing from have been described with reference to these specific embodiments, obtained various changes may be made by those skilled in the art, the same thing, the real spirit and scope of the invention It should be understood that this may be done. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation, instruction, material, and configuration of matter, problem (s), or steps, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
The disclosure of the present specification may include the following aspects.
(Aspect 1)
An outer container having an inner surface and capable of containing the fluid to be treated in contact with the inner surface;
An inner container installed in the outer container having an outer surface that serves as a heat exchange surface for the fluid to be treated;
An annular space defined between the outer container and the inner container to provide a path along which the fluid can be processed, and between the outer container and the inner container An annular space configured to maintain a temperature difference between and to provide a relatively high transport rate to the treated fluid;
The reactor characterized by including.
(Aspect 2)
The reactor according to aspect 1, wherein the inner surface of the outer vessel is configured such that the fluid to be treated can be lowered in a substantially uniform thin film state.
(Aspect 3)
A reactor according to embodiment 2, characterized in that the substantially uniform thin film can handle the fluid and be well suited for processing and / or separation.
(Aspect 4)
3. The aspect 2 of claim 2, wherein the substantially uniform thin film can comprise one or a combination of heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate, mixing rate, wherein the processed fluid is relatively high. Reactor.
(Aspect 5)
The inner surface of the outer container can be provided with a shape pattern to form an additional (increased) surface area so that the processed fluid can be handled, processed, separated, and residence time within the annular space. A reactor according to aspect 1, characterized in that it can flow over said additional surface area to promote one or a combination of increases.
(Aspect 6)
A reactor according to embodiment 1, wherein the inner surface of the outer vessel can be coated to facilitate handling, processing and / or separation of the processed fluid.
(Aspect 7)
The reactor of embodiment 1, wherein the outer vessel also includes a bottom configured to collect and remove the treated fluid descended from the inner surface.
(Aspect 8)
The reactor according to aspect 1, wherein the inner vessel includes an inner surface, and a heat exchange fluid can flow along the inner surface.
(Aspect 9)
Aspect 8 is characterized in that the heat exchange fluid has a temperature different from the temperature of the fluid to be treated so as to provide a temperature difference between the outer surface of the inner container and the inner surface of the outer container. The reactor described.
(Aspect 10)
9. The aspect of claim 8, wherein the inner surface of the inner container can be provided with a shape pattern to increase surface tension and provide and maintain a substantially thin and uniform film of the heat exchange fluid. Reactor.
(Aspect 11)
9. A reactor according to aspect 8, wherein the inner vessel also includes a bottom end configured to collect and remove the heat exchange fluid descending from the inner surface.
(Aspect 12)
A reactor according to aspect 1, wherein the annular space is configured such that a second fluid can move into the annular space to interact with the fluid to be treated.
(Aspect 13)
Over a relatively large surface area in the annular space, increasing the contact at the interface between the second fluid and the treated fluid so as to give the treated fluid a relatively high transport rate The reactor according to aspect 12, wherein the second fluid can work.
(Aspect 14)
The annular space is configured so that a second fluid can move into the annular space to counter flow with the processed fluid to interact with the processed fluid. The reactor according to embodiment 1.
(Aspect 15)
Aspect 1 wherein the annular space has a relatively short distance between the inner surface of the outer container and the outer surface of the inner container to provide a relatively high transport rate for the treated fluid. Reactor according to.
(Aspect 16)
The reactor according to aspect 1, further comprising a fluid supply system that allows introduction of the fluid to be treated into the inner surface of the outer container and the inner surface of the inner container.
(Aspect 17)
The fluid supply system includes a rotating member within the outer container to generate substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements from the processed fluid, and a substantially uniform thin film of the processed fluid The reactor according to aspect 16, characterized in that can be fed onto the inner surface of the outer member.
(Aspect 18)
The fluid supply system includes a rotating member within the inner vessel to generate substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements from the heat exchange fluid, and a substantially uniform thin film of the heat exchange fluid The reactor according to aspect 16, wherein the reactor can be supplied onto the inner surface of the inner member.
(Aspect 19)
Aspect 1 further comprising an energy source provided around the outer container to serve as a source for heating or cooling the treated fluid along the inner surface of the outer container. Reactor.
(Aspect 20)
Aspect 1 further comprising a bed of packing material in the annular space to increase the surface area, wherein a portion of the fluid to be treated can contact over the surface area to increase its transport rate. Reactor according to.
(Aspect 21)
21. A reactor according to embodiment 20, wherein the bed of packing material is capable of providing a substantially uniform temperature distribution across the annular space.
(Aspect 22)
A third vessel disposed in the inner vessel, further comprising another annular space between the third vessel and the inner vessel, wherein the treatment is performed in a plurality of passages through the reactor. The reactor according to aspect 1, wherein the fluid is capable of increasing the transport rate.
(Aspect 23)
A system for processing a fluid, wherein the reactors according to aspects 1 are connected in sequence so that the fluid processed in a plurality of passages through the reactor can increase the transport rate.
(Aspect 24)
24. The system of aspect 23, wherein each reactor is configured to treat the treated fluid differently.
(Aspect 25)
Introducing the fluid to be treated into the outer container so as to contact the inner surface thereof;
Providing an inner container with a heat exchange surface at a temperature different from the temperature of the fluid to be treated in the outer container;
Where (in the passageway) maintaining a temperature difference across the path between the outer container and the inner container so as to provide a relatively high transport rate for the treated fluid;
A method of treating a fluid comprising:
(Aspect 26)
26. The method of embodiment 25, wherein the introducing step comprises forming a substantially uniform thin film stream of the fluid to be treated against the inner surface of the outer container.
(Aspect 27)
27. The method of embodiment 26, wherein in the forming step, the substantially uniform thin film stream improves the ability of the fluid to be handled, processed, and / or separated.
(Aspect 28)
27. The method of aspect 26, wherein the forming step comprises that the processed fluid can have a relatively fast heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate, mixing rate, or combinations thereof.
(Aspect 29)
27. The method of embodiment 26, wherein the forming step comprises rotating and supplying substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements of the treated fluid into the outer container.
(Aspect 30)
The introducing step includes providing a shape pattern on the inner surface of the outer container to form an additional surface area, wherein the processed fluid is handled and processed in the pathway in the path. 26. The method of embodiment 25, wherein the method can flow over the additional surface area to facilitate one or a combination of separation, increased residence time, or a combination thereof.
(Aspect 31)
26. The method of aspect 25, wherein the introducing step comprises coating the inner surface of the outer container to facilitate handling, processing and / or separation of the processed fluid.
(Aspect 32)
26. The method of aspect 25, wherein the step of providing includes the step of distributing a heat exchange fluid having a temperature different from the temperature of the fluid being treated against the inner surface of the inner vessel.
(Aspect 33)
35. The method of aspect 32, wherein the dispensing step includes forming a temperature difference between the outer surface of the inner container and the inner surface of the outer container.
(Aspect 34)
30. A method according to aspect 29, wherein the step of dispensing comprises rotating substantially fine droplets or fibrous elements of the heat exchange fluid into the inner vessel.
(Aspect 35)
The providing step comprises providing a shape pattern on the inner surface of the inner container to increase and maintain a surface tension to provide and maintain a substantially thin and uniform film of the heat exchange fluid. A method according to embodiment 25.
(Aspect 36)
Aspect 25, further comprising moving a second fluid into the path between the outer container and the inner container to allow interaction with the treated fluid. The method described.
(Aspect 37)
Increase contact at the interface between the second fluid and the treated fluid over a relatively large surface area in the path so as to provide a relatively high transport rate for the treated fluid 38. The method of aspect 36, wherein the moving step includes:
(Aspect 38)
38. The method of aspect 36, wherein the moving step includes the second fluid being capable of moving in the path such that it is in reverse flow with respect to the fluid to be treated.
(Aspect 39)
Maintaining said path comprising a relatively short distance between said outer surface of said inner container and said inner surface of said outer container so as to provide a relatively high transport rate to said treated fluid. 26. The method of aspect 25, comprising:
(Aspect 40)
26. The method of aspect 25, further comprising heating or cooling the treated fluid along the inner surface of the outer container.
(Aspect 41)
Further comprising installing a bed of packing material in the path between the outer container and the inner container to increase the surface area, wherein the fluid to be treated increases its transport rate. 26. A method according to aspect 25, wherein the contact is possible over the surface area.
(Aspect 42)
42. A method according to aspect 41, wherein in the installing step, a portion of the fluid to be treated is introduced into the outer container.
(Aspect 43)
Aspect wherein the step of installing includes utilizing the bed of packing material to provide a substantially uniform temperature distribution across the path between the outer and inner containers. 42. The method according to 41.
(Aspect 44)
26. The method of aspect 25, wherein the fluid to be treated is used in a fluid-fluid reaction associated with an organic system.
(Aspect 45)
26. A method according to aspect 25, wherein the treated fluid is used in a distillation or evaporation process.
(Aspect 46)
26. A method according to aspect 25, wherein the treated fluid is superheated steam that is cooled or cooled.
(Aspect 47)
26. A method according to embodiment 25, wherein the treated fluid is used for ultraviolet and / or microwave initiated reactions.
(Aspect 48)
26. A method according to aspect 25, wherein the treated fluid is used in a desalination process.
(Aspect 49)
26. The method of aspect 25, wherein the treated fluid is saturated with carbon dioxide and used in a carbon dioxide removal process.

Claims (49)

An outer container having an inner surface and capable of containing the fluid to be treated in contact with the inner surface;
Installed in the outer container having an outer surface that serves as a heat exchange surface for the fluid to be treated and an inner surface configured to allow the heat exchange fluid to flow in a substantially uniform thin film state. An inner container,
An annular space defined between the outer container and the inner container to provide a path along which the fluid can be processed, and a temperature difference between the outer container and the inner container is determined. An annular space configured to maintain and increase the heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and / or mixing rate of the treated fluid;
The reactor characterized by including.   The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the outer vessel is configured to allow the fluid to be treated to descend in a substantially uniform thin film.   Reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that the substantially uniform thin film is well suited for handling, processing and / or separating the fluid. 3. The substantially uniform thin film according to claim 2, wherein the processed fluid can comprise one or a combination of increased heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate, mixing rate. Reactor. It said inner surface of said outer container comprises a shape pattern that form a increased surface area, the fluid wherein the treating said can flow at the surface of increased surface area, within the annular space, handling, processing, The reactor according to claim 1, wherein one or a combination of separation, increase in residence time can be promoted . The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the outer container includes a coating that facilitates handling, processing and / or separation of the processed fluid. The reactor of claim 1 wherein the outer vessel also includes a bottom configured to collect and remove the treated fluid descended from the inner surface.   The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the inner vessel includes an inner surface, and a heat exchange fluid can flow along the inner surface.   9. The heat exchange fluid has a temperature different from the temperature of the fluid to be treated so as to provide a temperature difference between the outer surface of the inner container and the inner surface of the outer container. Reactor according to. Before SL said inner surface of the inner container, grooves, indentations, reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises kelp, one of the irregularities.   9. The reactor of claim 8, wherein the inner vessel also includes a bottom end configured to collect and remove the heat exchange fluid descending from the inner surface. Reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that interacting with the fluid to be the processed previous SL annular space accommodates a second fluid. In the surface of increased surface area within the annular space, the increasing the contact portion at the interface between the second fluid and the fluid to be the processing, the heat transfer coefficient of the fluid to be the processing, the mass transfer rate and 13. A reactor according to claim 12, characterized in that the second fluid can act to increase the mixing rate . Claim 1 where the pre-Symbol annular space housing the second fluid moving in reverse flow relative to the flow of the fluid to be the processing, the second fluid is equal to or interacting with the fluid to be the processing Reactor according to. The annular space has a relatively short distance between the inner surface of the outer container and the outer surface of the inner container to increase the heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and / or mixing rate of the treated fluid. reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that cause.   The reactor according to claim 1, further comprising a fluid supply system that allows introduction of the fluid to be treated into the inner surface of the outer container and the inner surface of the inner container. The fluid supply system includes a rotating member within the outer container to supply the processed fluid in the form of substantially fine droplets or fibers , and provides a substantially uniform thin film of the processed fluid. The reactor according to claim 16, wherein the reactor can be supplied onto the inner surface of the outer member. The fluid supply system includes a rotating member within the inner container to supply the heat exchange fluid in the form of substantially fine droplets or fibers , and a substantially uniform thin film of the heat exchange fluid is disposed on the inner side. The reactor according to claim 16, wherein the reactor can be supplied onto the inner surface of the member.   2. The energy source of claim 1, further comprising an energy source provided around the outer container to serve as a source for heating or cooling the treated fluid along the inner surface of the outer container. The reactor described. A bed of packing material is further included in the annular space to increase the surface area, and a portion of the processed fluid is increased to increase its heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and / or mixing rate . reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that it Oite contact with the surface of the surface area.   21. A reactor according to claim 20, wherein the bed of packing material is capable of providing a substantially uniform temperature distribution across the annular space. Further comprising, processed in a plurality of passages through the front Symbol reactor and a second annular space between the third container installed in the inner container, and the third container and the inner container the reactor of claim 1, wherein the fluid, the heat transfer rate, characterized in that it is possible to increase the mass transfer rate and / or mixing rate. Wherein the fluid heat transfer coefficient to be processed in a plurality of passages through the reactor, so that it can increase the mass transfer rate and / or mixing rate, coupling reactor according to a plurality of claim 1 is sequentially A system for treating a fluid, characterized in that: 24. The system of claim 23, wherein each reactor is configured to process the processed fluid in a different manner . Introducing the fluid to be treated into the outer container so as to contact the inner surface thereof;
Providing an inner container with a heat exchange surface at a temperature different from the temperature of the fluid to be treated in the outer container;
Providing a substantially uniform thin film flow of heat exchange fluid to the inner surface of the inner vessel;
Maintaining a temperature difference across the path between the outer container and the inner container so as to increase the heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and / or mixing rate of the treated fluid;
A method of treating a fluid comprising:   26. The method of claim 25, wherein the introducing step includes forming a substantially uniform thin film stream of the fluid to be treated against the inner surface of the outer container.   27. The method of claim 26, wherein in the forming step, the substantially uniform thin film stream improves the ability of the fluid to be handled, processed, and / or separated. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the forming step comprises that the treated fluid can have an increased heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate, mixing rate, or combinations thereof. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the forming comprises rotating the treated fluid into the outer container in the form of substantially fine droplets or fibers. The introduction to step, a shape pattern that form a increased surface area comprises providing to said inner surface of said outer container, the fluid wherein the treating can flow at the surface of the increased surface area, the route 26. The method of claim 25, wherein one or a combination of handling, processing, separation, increasing residence time of the treated fluid in the chamber can be facilitated . Wherein the step of introducing the front viewing including coating the said inner surface of Kisotogawa container, wherein the coating, handling of the fluid to be the processing, to promote processing and / or separation to claim 25, wherein The method described.   26. The method of claim 25, wherein the providing step comprises the step of distributing a heat exchange fluid having a temperature different from the temperature of the fluid being treated against the inner surface of the inner vessel.   36. The method of claim 32, wherein the dispensing step includes forming a temperature difference between the outer surface of the inner container and the inner surface of the outer container. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the dispensing step includes rotating the heat exchange fluid into the inner container in the form of substantially fine droplets or fibers. The inner surface of the front Symbol inner container, grooves, indentations, method according to claim 25, characterized in that it comprises kelp, one of the irregularities. So as to allow interaction with the fluid to be the processed claim, characterized by further comprising the step Before moving in said path between the second fluid wherein the outer container and the inner container 26. The method according to 25. Between the second fluid and the treated fluid at the surface of increased surface area in the path so as to increase the heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and / or mixing rate of the treated fluid. to increase the contact portion at the interface method of claim 36, wherein the step of Ru by the mobile contains. Said second fluid, that can move within the path so that the reverse flow to the fluid to be the processing method of claim 36, wherein the mobile is allowed Ru step comprises. The path having a relatively short distance between the outer surface of the inner container and the inner surface of the outer container so as to increase the heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and / or mixing rate of the treated fluid. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the maintaining comprises providing.   26. The method of claim 25, further comprising heating or cooling the treated fluid along the inner surface of the outer container. Further comprising placing a bed of packing material in the path between the outer container and the inner container to increase the surface area, the fluid being treated having its heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and 26. The method of claim 25, wherein contact can be made at the increased surface area surface to increase mixing speed . 42. The method of claim 41, wherein in the installing step, a portion of the fluid to be treated is introduced into the outer container.   The step of installing includes utilizing the bed of packing material to provide a substantially uniform temperature distribution across the path between the outer and inner containers. Item 42. The method according to Item 41. The method according to claim 25, characterized by being used in a fluid reaction - the fluid to be the process, definitive fluid in organic systems.   26. The method of claim 25, wherein the treated fluid is used in a distillation or evaporation process. The method of claim 25 in which the fluid to be the process, characterized in that it is a superheated steam Ru been cooled or cooled.   26. The method of claim 25, wherein the treated fluid is used for ultraviolet and / or microwave initiated reactions.   26. The method of claim 25, wherein the treated fluid is used in a desalination process. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the treated fluid is saturated with carbon dioxide and used in a carbon dioxide removal process.

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