JP2013517251A - 自閉症の治療のための化合物 - Google Patents
自閉症の治療のための化合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
Syndrome Disorder)としては、情動的関係の構築能力の先天的欠如、互恵的社会交流での行動異常、言語および非言語コミュニケーション、常同的行動や繰り返しの遊びに付随する周囲環境での制限された関心などの広範囲にわたる異常が挙げられる(Kanner、1943年;LevyおよびHyman、1993年;LevyおよびHyman、2005年;Adrienら、2001年;Blancら、2005年;Bourreauら、2009年)。これまでの調査から、遺伝的素因がこの疾患に関与していると考えられているが、環境汚染物質や恐らく妊娠中の母親の曝露などの1つ以上の環境要因が整った場合に症状が発生するのでないかということが分かっている(PersicoおよびBourgeron、2006年;Bourgeron、2009年;Patterson、2002年)。遺伝的および環境的危険因子が発達プログラムを変え、それにより、皮質および/または皮質下の奇形が引き起こされ、誤って配置/接続された神経細胞集合が形成されるということが示唆されている。第1の症状は、最も可能性が高い早期の起点である3歳前に発症する。現在のところ、ASDに有効な生物学的/医薬的治療が存在しない。
本明細書の全体にわたって、いくつかの用語が用いられており、これらの用語を以下の段落に定義する。
本発明の第1の目的は、自閉症の治療に使用される、神経細胞内への塩素イオンの流入を阻害する化合物または神経細胞からの塩素イオンの流出を改善する化合物に関する。
本発明の別の目的は、NKCC共輸送体を阻害するかKCC共輸送体を活性化する化合物のスクリーニング法に関する。
a)その表面にNKCCまたはKCCを発現している神経細胞を用意する工程、
b)前記細胞を候補化合物と共にインキュベートする工程、
c)前記候補化合物がNKCCに結合して阻害するか否かまたはKCCに結合して活性化するか否かを決定する工程、および
d)NKCCに結合して阻害するかKCCに結合して活性化する候補化合物を選択する工程、
とからなる工程を含む。
本発明者らは、5人の自閉症児において、臨床的および生物学的監視を行いながら、Bumの効果を調査した。様々な症例を得るために、施設または自宅にいるIAS小児の大集団からアプリオリなしに、これらの自閉症児を選択した。本利尿剤を投与し(1mg/24時間、0.5mgを1日に2回)、治療を3ヶ月間継続した。この期間は、IASに対する効果の評価にとって十分だとみなされた最短持続期間であった。本発明者らは、5人の小児におけるIAS兆候の有意な改善を報告する。これらの観察は、IASにおけるBumの使用の広範囲なスクリーニングを必要とする。
i)小児自閉症評定尺度(CARS)は、スクリーニング手法として、経時的な自閉症症状の変化を評価するために使用されている15項目の評定尺度である。これらの項目は、自閉症の広範囲な症状を含み、1〜4の尺度で評定し、1は正常な行動を示し、4は、重度に異常かつ/または不適当な行動を意味する。総評点は、15項目を加算することによって決定する。3以上の尺度を有する項目数は、症候群の重症度の強い指標であり、治療後の総評点および/または3以上の尺度を有する項目数の減少は、自閉的特徴の重症度の改善を示す(Rogersら、1993年)。この手法は診断プロセスを補助するために開発されたが、自閉的症状の発達変化にも影響されるため(Schoplerら、1980年;Mesibovら、1989年)、治療によって引き起こされる変化を測定するために使用することができる(Di LallaおよびRogers、1994年;B. Roge、1989年のフランス語版も参照)。小児にゲームをさせるセッションおよび先週の小児の行動に関する両親との活発な議論の間に記録を取った。
ii)ABC(異常行動チェックリスト)は、両親との議論の間に治療医師によって記入される質問表である(Amanら、1985年;RojahnおよびHelsel、1991年)。これは、行動に対する分子の影響を評価するために治験で広く使用されている。ABCは、0(全く生じない)から3(深刻)までの4つの尺度で項目を評価することができる行動チェックリストを用いた、58項目の標準化された問題点である。チェックリストの質問は、5つの下位尺度:被刺激性(ABC1)、社会的ひきこもり(ABC2)、常同症(ABC3)、活動亢進(ABC4)および過剰な発話(ABC5)を含む。ABCは米国では大規模に有効であり、小児集団の調査に適している。フランス語版を本調査で使用した(Bouvard、2000年)。
iii)臨床全般印象尺度(CGI)は、疾患の重症度を調査するために、大部分の治験で広く使用されている。これは、0〜7で評価され、1は正常値であり、患者の全般的な状況の良好な評価とみなされる。臨床医は、当該患者の調査に参加している他の患者との経験の関数として疾患の評価を提供することが求められる。第2の印象尺度によって、治験の開始と比較して、患者および回復の全般的な改善の評価が得られる。7つのレベルがあり、ゼロは進展がないことを示す。第3の印象尺度は、治療指数に関するものであり、治療効果と副作用の両方を示す単一の評価を必要とするため、最も有用である。これは、ほとんど副作用のない新世代精神病薬の研究に利用されている(Guy、1976年)。
iv)調節不全評価グリッド(RDEG)は、調節不全のレベルおよび小児の反応の遅さを検出することができるフランスの活動尺度(96)である(Adrien、1996年;Adrienら、2001年;Blancら、2005年)。質問表は両親によって記入され、先週の小児の行動に関するものである。
v)反復制限行動(RRB)尺度(Bourreauら、2009年)は、0(その行動がその人によって全く発現されない)から、4(その行動が深刻に発現され、その人の特徴である)までの5つの尺度で項目評価することができる35項目からなる標準化されたチェックリストである。要因解析によって、4つの臨床的に有意義な要因、すなわち、感覚運動の常同(F1)、変化に対する反応(F2)、制限された行動(F3)および調節不全(F4)が分かる。
患者の要約を表1に示す。3人の男児は機能的言語を使用したが、残りの男児および女児は機能的言語を使用しなかった。ADI−Rの評点は、臨床診断を確認する閾値を上回っている。小児1、3、5は、補助人の同行で伝統的な学校に通っている。その年の間、小児1に対して週に1回、小児2に対して週に3回、心理学者がABA手法を用いて小児1および小児2を追跡調査する。小児2に対しては、絵カード交換式コミュニケーションシステム(PECS)を利用した週2回の発声正常のセッションも行う。小児3に対しては発声正常の治療を毎週行い、小児5に対しては全く治療を行わない。小児4を精神的発達の遅い小児専門の医療施設で治療する。行動治療法および学校が中断される夏休みの間に、Bumの試験を行った。
本結果は、ブメタニドがIASの行動的側面を改善することを示唆し、本利尿薬が全般的な作用を有することを示唆している。本発明者らの知識の及ぶ限りでは、これは、自閉症における塩素イオンの変化の可能性を高める最初の報告である。
本出願の全体にわたって、各種参考文献は、本発明が属する最先端技術について記載している。これらの参考文献の開示内容は、参照により本開示に組み込まれる。
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Claims (7)
- 自閉症の治療に使用される、神経細胞内への塩素イオンの流入を阻害する化合物または神経細胞からの塩素イオンの流出を改善する化合物。
- 前記化合物は、NKCC共輸送体を阻害するかKCC共輸送体を活性化する、請求項1に記載化合物。
- 前記化合物は、NKCC1拮抗薬である、請求項2に記載化合物。
- 前記化合物は利尿薬である、請求項3に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物はブメタニドである、請求項3に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物と薬学的に許容される担体とを含む、自閉症の治療に使用される医薬組成物。
- 自閉症の治療用薬物のスクリーニング法であって、
a)その表面にNKCCまたはKCCを発現している神経細胞を用意する工程、
b)前記細胞を候補化合物と共にインキュベートする工程、
c)前記候補化合物がNKCCに結合して阻害するか否かまたはKCCに結合して活性化するか否かを決定する工程、および
d)NKCCに結合して阻害するかKCCに結合して活性化する前記候補化合を選択する工程、
からなる工程を含む方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2786956C (en) | 2018-07-10 |
PL2523661T3 (pl) | 2017-09-29 |
RS56080B1 (sr) | 2017-10-31 |
RU2012133067A (ru) | 2014-02-20 |
EP2523661B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
HUE034866T2 (hu) | 2018-03-28 |
AU2011206574A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
SI2523661T1 (sl) | 2017-09-29 |
US20130022622A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
CN102811716A (zh) | 2012-12-05 |
RU2583926C2 (ru) | 2016-05-10 |
HRP20170836T1 (hr) | 2017-09-08 |
CY1119167T1 (el) | 2018-02-14 |
US9415028B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
AU2011206574B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
LT2523661T (lt) | 2017-08-10 |
CA2786956A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
EP2523661A1 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
PT2523661T (pt) | 2017-06-21 |
JP5914357B2 (ja) | 2016-05-11 |
DK2523661T3 (en) | 2017-07-03 |
CN107595828A (zh) | 2018-01-19 |
ES2627914T3 (es) | 2017-08-01 |
CN102811716B (zh) | 2017-08-25 |
US20140080910A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
US9592214B2 (en) | 2017-03-14 |
WO2011086126A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
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