JP2013256935A - Next generation carbon-free power device and next generation carbon-free moving body using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a next generation carbon-free power device for using hydrogen rich ammonia as fuel, and a next generation carbon-free moving body using the same.SOLUTION: A next generation carbon-free power device includes a hydrogen rich ammonia combustion part 13 for generating high temperature combustion gas by burning hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air, and the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion part has a hydrogen-rich ammonia generating reactor 70 for generating ammonia on demand from urea water by being heated with a part of the heat energy of the high temperature combustion gas as a heat source and generating hydrogen-rich gas by converting a part of the ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen, and the miniaturization and high performance of the next generation carbon-free power device are attained by recirculating the mixed gas of a residual part of the ammonia and the hydrogen-rich gas to a combustion chamber 38 as the hydrogen-rich ammonia to contribute to the prevention of global warming by achieving a next generation carbon-free moving body driven by the next generation carbon-free power device.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power unit used for a moving body such as an automobile, a ship, an aircraft, a spacecraft, a special vehicle, and the like, and more particularly to a power unit and a moving body using non-fossil fuel.

  In recent years, due to global warming due to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to the expansion of fossil fuel use, abnormal sea level rise, natural disasters such as floods and wildfires due to abnormal weather, and severe damage to ecosystems have occurred frequently. It is becoming urgent to take measures as soon as possible. Among them, ammonia that burns in oxygen into nitrogen and water and does not emit greenhouse gases is considered promising as a non-fossil fuel, and is equipped with an ammonia burning internal combustion engine, an ammonia burning gas turbine, and an ammonia burning internal combustion engine. A device has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 1, an ammonia tank is provided as a fuel tank for an internal combustion engine. Ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank is converted into hydrogen and nitrogen (partially ammonia by an ammonia decomposition catalyst in the presence of thermal energy of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine). Proposed is an ammonia burning internal combustion engine that is mixed with air and used as the first fuel, and mixed with the second fuel supplied downstream of the throttle valve and burned in the internal combustion engine. Has been.

  In Patent Document 2, an ammonia tank is provided as an auxiliary fuel tank for an internal combustion engine, and ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen by an ammonia decomposition catalyst in the presence of thermal energy of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. On the other hand, there has been proposed an internal combustion engine in which fuel efficiency is improved by mixing and burning a main mixture and auxiliary fuel in which the mixing ratio of hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline and air is adjusted to the lean side. Yes.

  In Patent Document 3, an ammonia tank is provided as an engine fuel tank, and ammonia is supplied from the intake pipe of the engine to the combustion chamber. On the other hand, in order to improve the flame retardancy of ammonia, the heat of the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber is used. Ammonia combustion in which ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen in the ammonia decomposition reactor in the presence of energy, and hydrogen obtained by decomposition is introduced into the auxiliary combustion chamber to improve the combustibility of flame-retardant ammonia. An engine has been proposed.

  Patent Document 4 proposes an ammonia burning internal combustion engine in which ammonia supplied from an ammonia supply system equipped with an on-board ammonia supply device is mixed with air as zero carbon fuel and burned in an engine cylinder. .

  Patent Documents 5 and 6 disclose an ammonia burning internal combustion engine in which ammonia and a combustion aid (gasoline) for promoting combustion of ammonia are used as fuels, and these fuels are injected into an intake pipe for combustion. Proposed.

  In Patent Document 7, a part of ammonia supplied from an ammonia tank is reformed by a reformer, ammonia and hydrogen gas are injected into an intake pipe, and an air-fuel mixture in an engine cylinder is ignited and burned. An engine system has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 8, urea water supplied from a urea water supply tank is generated by a reformer, hydrogen is generated based on the ammonia, and a mixed fuel of the ammonia and hydrogen is used as a fuel ammonia supply pipe. An engine system is proposed in which combustion efficiency of an internal combustion engine is improved by burning ammonia and hydrogen together with gasoline injected from an injector in an engine cylinder.

  In Patent Document 9, ammonia supplied from an ammonia tank is reformed by a fuel reformer to generate hydrogen, the ammonia and hydrogen are separated from each other by a separator, and the ammonia is stored in an ammonia pressure accumulator. There has been proposed an engine system in which hydrogen and nitrogen thus injected are injected into an intake pipe through a hydrogen injector, while ammonia is injected into an intake pipe through an ammonia injector.

  Patent Document 10 discloses a hydrogen generator in which ammonia is supplied to a plurality of ammonia conversion sections operating in a plurality of temperature ranges, decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen, and the engine is driven by a mixed gas of ammonia and nitrogen. And ammonia burning engines have been proposed.

  In Patent Document 11, liquid ammonia supplied from a liquid ammonia tank is stored in an ammonia reservoir and injected from an ammonia injector into an intake port, while a combustible substance is injected into a combustion chamber via a combustible substance injector. An ammonia burning internal combustion engine in which a premixed mixture of fuel and intake air is burned has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 12, liquid ammonia supplied from a liquid ammonia tank is converted into ammonia by an evaporator using the thermal energy of exhaust gas, and is temporarily stored in an ammonia tank, and the stored ammonia is taken from an ammonia injector to an intake port. On the other hand, the non-ammonia fuel supplied from the non-ammonia fuel tank is injected into the combustion chamber via the non-ammonia fuel injector to burn the air-fuel mixture of these fuel and intake air. Has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 13, liquid ammonia supplied from a liquid ammonia tank is converted into ammonia in a reaction vessel containing a heat exchanger using heat energy of exhaust gas, and part of the ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen. A mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen in the first port of the reaction vessel is injected from the hydrogen injector into the intake port, while ammonia in the second port of the reaction vessel is injected into the combustion chamber through the ammonia fuel injector and An ammonia burning internal combustion engine in which an air-fuel mixture with intake air is combusted has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 14, liquid ammonia supplied from a liquid ammonia tank is heated by an ammonia preheater and an ammonia heater, and then decomposed by an ammonia decomposition device to be decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen, and the hydrogen is supplied to an internal combustion engine. On the other hand, a method and an apparatus have been proposed in which ammonia is used as a sustainable fuel and a nitrogen oxide purifier, while supplying nitrogen to a selective catalytic reduction catalyst via a nitrogen-driven turbine.

  Patent Document 15 proposes a hydrogen / ammonia combustion internal combustion engine in which a mixed gas of hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen supply tank and ammonia supplied from an ammonia supply tank is operated as fuel.

  In Patent Document 16, in a combustor in which a pilot nozzle and a premixing nozzle are arranged in a gas turbine, fossil fuel such as natural gas is supplied to the premixing nozzle at the start of the gas turbine and immediately after the start, and the gas turbine is heated. An ammonia combustion gas turbine has been proposed in which ammonia is supplied to a premixing nozzle during machine operation.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,480,595 U.S. Pat. No. 4,750,453 JP 05-332152 A US Patent Publication No. 2010/0019506 JP 2009-85168 A JP 2009-85169 A JP 2009-97422 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-97419 Japanese Patent No. 4854451 US Patent Publication No. 2011/0008694 US Patent Publication No. 2011/0259290 US Patent Publication No. 2011/0264355 US Patent Publication No. 2010/0288249 US Patent Publication No. 2011/0011354 U.S. Pat. No. 8025033 JP 2010-19195 A

  By the way, in the ammonia combustion internal combustion engine disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, an ammonia tank storing ammonia as an auxiliary fuel is used. Ammonia is toxic, highly corrosive, highly irritating to the skin, mucous membranes and eyes, and is extremely dangerous due to contact with the eyes. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the risk by making the capacity of the ammonia tank as small as possible. However, in order to enjoy the merit of the clean exhaust gas purification effect of ammonia in the ammonia burning internal combustion engine, the capacity of the ammonia tank cannot be reduced fundamentally.

  In the ammonia combustion engine disclosed in Patent Document 3, ammonia is directly injected into the intake pipe of the engine as a main fuel, while an ammonia decomposition reactor is provided in a part of the exhaust pipe for the purpose of improving the flame retardance of ammonia. The heat exchange pipe is installed in the inside, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst filled in the heat exchange pipe is heated using the thermal energy of the engine exhaust gas to convert the ammonia gas into nitrogen and hydrogen Is adopted. Liquid ammonia is sprayed into the intake pipe of the engine and mixed with intake air. Since ammonia has a very large heat of vaporization, when it is injected into the intake pipe of the engine, it cools the intake air and flows into the combustion chamber as a mixture without receiving sufficient heat of vaporization. Therefore, since a uniform mixture of ammonia and intake air is not formed, incomplete combustion tends to occur in the combustion chamber. This is noticeable at the start of the engine and immediately after the start. If the mixture of ammonia and intake air is not uniform, incomplete combustion often occurs, making continuous combustion difficult and harmful unburned components. It has been difficult to put an ammonia combustion engine into practical use.

  In the power unit and the ammonia combustion internal combustion engine disclosed in Patent Document 4, an on-board ammonia supply unit is employed, and ammonia having high energy density is burned as the main fuel to obtain a power output. In this power unit and ammonia combustion internal combustion engine, only ammonia is adopted as the main fuel. Since ammonia has a property that the combustion speed is low and it is difficult to burn, only when the engine is in a predetermined load range, for example, a load range of 30 to 100%, ammonia is burned in the engine as fuel. When the engine load becomes 30% or less, the vehicle is provided with auxiliary power by operating a large-capacity electric device composed of a separately provided motor, a generator and a power storage device exclusively for low load operation. I was trying to keep it running. However, when driving in urban areas, low-speed driving is frequently performed and the engine load is frequently reduced to 30% or less. Therefore, the usage ratio of the electric device is increased, the power consumption is increased, and the fuel consumption is deteriorated. It was. Therefore, the ammonia utilization rate decreased, and sufficient environmental measures could not be implemented. In addition, the electrical device itself inevitably has an expensive and complicated structure, and the power device has a large structure as a whole, resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost.

  The ammonia burning internal combustion engines disclosed in Patent Documents 5 to 7 have the same problems as the ammonia burning internal combustion engines disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and are practically used from the viewpoint of durability of the ammonia burning internal combustion engine. It was difficult.

  In the engine system disclosed in Patent Document 8, in an ammonia generation reformer, urea water is decomposed using thermal energy of engine exhaust gas to generate ammonia, and at least a part of the ammonia is generated as a hydrogen generation reformer. Is used to obtain hydrogen and supply a mixed gas of ammonia and hydrogen to the intake pipe. As described above, when automobiles such as diesel trucks, buses, and passenger cars are operated in urban areas, low-speed traveling is frequently performed and the engine output is low. Therefore, in urban driving, the exhaust temperature is rarely maintained at a high temperature continuously, the thermal energy required for the decomposition of urea water becomes insufficient, and it is difficult to stably generate ammonia from urea water. It was. This is obvious from the invention disclosed in Patent Document 3, and it has been difficult to raise the performance and reliability of the ammonia generation reformer to a practical level. As described above, there are many problems that must be solved in order to stably generate ammonia from urea water by using only the thermal energy of the exhaust gas of the engine, and therefore, practical application of the engine system has been extremely difficult. .

  The ammonia burning internal combustion engines disclosed in Patent Documents 9 to 14 have the same problems as the ammonia burning internal combustion engines disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and are practically used from the viewpoint of durability of the ammonia burning internal combustion engine. It was difficult.

  In the ammonia combustion internal combustion engine disclosed in Patent Document 15, an ammonia tank and a hydrogen tank are employed. However, both of these are inevitably large in tank capacity, difficult to handle, and high in danger. there were. For this reason, when such an internal combustion engine is employed in a vehicle such as an automobile, a safety measure for the tank in the event of a vehicle collision has become a major issue, making it difficult to put it to practical use.

  The gas turbine disclosed in Patent Document 16 is configured to inject ammonia into a combustion chamber from a mixing nozzle of a combustor. In this configuration, when low-temperature ammonia is injected from the combustor, the heat of vaporization of ammonia is large, so the combustor and supply air are cooled and sufficient heat is not given to the air-fuel mixture, and ammonia vaporization is not performed. It became sufficient, a uniform air-fuel mixture was not generated, and it was difficult to completely burn ammonia. As a countermeasure, a fuel having higher combustibility than ammonia was supplied at the time of starting the gas turbine and immediately after the starting. Therefore, it has been difficult to put into practical use a gas turbine capable of completely burning ammonia at the time of starting and immediately after starting.

  The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a next-generation carbon-free power device and a next-generation carbon-free moving body using the same.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the invention described in claim 1, the next generation carbon-free power device generates mechanical power by burning the output device, high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air. A heat engine that transmits to the output device, the heat engine burning a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air, and the hydrogen-rich ammonia A fuel supply system that supplies urea water as a raw material, and the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section burns a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air to operate the heat engine with the high-temperature combustion gas A combustion chamber for generating high-temperature ammonia from the urea water using a part of heat energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source and the ammonia A hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor that partially converts hydrogen and nitrogen into high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas, and a high-temperature mixed gas of the remaining high-temperature ammonia and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas as the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia as the hydrogen The gist is to include a hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line that supplies the rich ammonia combustion section.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, in addition to the configuration described in claim 1, the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor is disposed in the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section, and the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas is reduced. A heat transfer member that is heated using a part as a heat source, and a hydrolysis that is disposed on the heat transfer member and generates the high-temperature ammonia by hydrolyzing the urea water in the presence of thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas. And an ammonia decomposition part that is housed in the heat transfer member and converts part of the ammonia into the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas in the presence of the thermal energy.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, in addition to the configuration described in claim 1 or 2, the fuel supply system temporarily stores a part of the hydrogen-rich ammonia for starting / acceleration fuel storage. The gist is provided with a tank and an on-off valve for supplying the hydrogen-rich ammonia of the start / acceleration fuel storage tank to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, in addition to the configuration described in claims 1-3, the fuel supply system supplies a urea water supply tank for supplying the urea water, and supplies fuel to the combustion quality. And a control valve for controlling a flow rate ratio between the fuel supplied to the combustion chamber and the hydrogen-rich ammonia.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, in addition to the structure described in claims 1-4, the purge gas supply means connected to the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor, and the purge gas supply means when the heat engine is stopped And an on-off valve for supplying a purge gas to the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor and discharging the residual gas.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, the next generation carbon-free moving body generates mechanical power by burning the propulsion device, high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air, and transmits the mechanical power to the propulsion device. A heat engine, and the heat engine supplies a hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section for burning a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air, and supplies urea water as a raw material for the hydrogen-rich ammonia. A fuel supply system, wherein the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section burns a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air and operates the heat engine with the high-temperature combustion gas; and Using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source, high-temperature ammonia is generated from the urea water, and part of the ammonia is converted to hydrogen and nitrogen. A hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor that produces a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas, and a hydrogen-rich ammonia that supplies a high-temperature mixed gas of the remainder of the high-temperature ammonia and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas as the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit The gist is to provide an ammonia supply line.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the heat engine of the next generation carbon-free power plant, the combustion section includes a hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor. Using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber, high-temperature ammonia is stably generated from extremely safe and easy-to-handle urea water, and high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas is obtained from ammonia. High temperature hydrogen rich ammonia is produced from high temperature ammonia and high temperature hydrogen rich gas. Since the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia is mixed with the intake air to form a uniform mixture, it can be completely burned in the presence of hydrogen. Therefore, it is possible to put to practical use a next-generation carbon-free power device that is extremely safe and reliable. Furthermore, the dependence on fossil fuel, which is a source of greenhouse gas emissions, can be greatly reduced, thereby making a great contribution to the prevention of global warming.

  In the configuration according to claim 2, the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor includes a heat transfer member that is disposed in the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section and is heated by using a part of heat energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source, A hydrolysis section and an ammonia decomposition section are installed in the heat transfer member. As described above, a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas is utilized through the heat transfer member to easily generate ammonia from the urea water with high efficiency on demand, and at the same time, a part of the ammonia is removed from the ammonia decomposition part. Hydrogen-rich ammonia is generated by conversion to hydrogen-rich gas. Therefore, hydrogen-rich ammonia can be supplied to the heat engine in the entire operation region, and the dependence on fossil fuel can be remarkably suppressed.

  In the configuration of claim 3, hydrogen-rich ammonia is temporarily stored in the start / acceleration fuel storage tank, and the hydrogen-rich ammonia is supplied to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section at the time of engine start-up or high-load operation of the engine. Can do. According to this configuration, it becomes possible to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen-rich ammonia in the entire operation region of the heat engine, greatly reduce the dependence on fossil fuels, and contribute greatly to the prevention of global warming. Is possible. In addition, since hydrogen-rich ammonia can be additionally supplied during high-load operation of the engine, the engine can be made smaller and higher performance.

  In the configuration according to claim 4, in the fuel supply system, in addition to hydrogen-rich ammonia, carbonaceous fuel can be supplied from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber. Therefore, a combination of hydrogen-rich ammonia and carbonaceous fuel is used. Is possible, and convenience is improved.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when the heat engine is stopped, the purge gas is supplied from the purge gas supply means to the hydrogen-rich ammonia generation reactor, and residual gases such as unreacted urea, ammonia and hydrogen are discharged to the outside. Therefore, clogging due to urea crystals can be avoided after the heat engine is stopped, the next restart of the heat engine is facilitated, and the reliability is improved.

  In the structure of Claim 6, in the heat engine which comprises a next-generation carbon free mobile body, a combustion part is equipped with a hydrogen rich ammonia production | generation reactor. Using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber, high-temperature ammonia is stably generated from extremely safe and easy-to-handle urea water, and high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas is obtained from ammonia. High temperature hydrogen rich ammonia is produced from high temperature ammonia and high temperature hydrogen rich gas. Since the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia is mixed with the intake air to form a uniform mixture, it can be completely burned in the presence of hydrogen. Therefore, the next-generation carbon-free moving body with extremely high safety and reliability can be put into practical use. Furthermore, the dependence on fossil fuel, which is a source of greenhouse gas emissions, can be greatly reduced, thereby making a great contribution to the prevention of global warming.

1 shows a block diagram of a next-generation carbon-free moving body according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit incorporated in the next-generation carbon-free moving body of FIG. 1. The block diagram of the next-generation carbon free moving body by 2nd Example of this invention is shown.

  Hereinafter, a next-generation carbon-free moving body according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the next-generation carbon-free moving body 10 will be described as applied to a vehicle. However, the present invention is not limited to a vehicle, for example, construction of ships, aircraft, space shuttles, hydraulic excavators, bulldozers, and the like. It can also be applied to vehicles such as machines, tractors, combine and other agricultural and forestry machines, and special vehicles such as tanks. The next-generation carbon-free moving body 10 includes a next-generation carbon-free power device 500 that generates mechanical power by burning high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air, and an output device 502 that transmits mechanical power. The next-generation carbon-free power unit 500 includes a heat engine 100. The heat engine 100 functions as both a compressor that compresses ambient air to generate compressed air and an expander that expands high-temperature combustion gas to generate power. And a hydrogen rich ammonia combustion section 13 connected to the compressor / expander 11 via a gas guide path member 12. Here, the heat engine 100 is described as being applied to a rotary heat engine including the compressor / expander 11 as an example. However, the heat engine may be another internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine.

  The output device 502 transmits mechanical dynamic power from the output shaft 11a of the compressor / expander 11, and includes a torque converter 504 connected to the output shaft 11a of the compressor / expander 11, and a transmission connected to the torque converter. 506, a propeller shaft 508 extending rearward from the transmission 506, and a differential 510. The output device 502 also functions as a propulsion device, and the propulsive force of the propeller shaft 508 is transmitted to the rear wheel 512 of the moving body 10 via the differential 510.

  In FIG. 1, the compressor / expander 11 compresses the ambient air Ai sucked from the suction port 126 via the air filter 514 by a compressor function to generate compressed air CA. The compressed air discharge port 130 of the compressor / expander 11 is connected to one end of an energy regeneration accumulator 520 through an inlet valve 518 composed of a check valve 516 and a three-way switching valve. To the main air supply line 522. The main air supply line 522 is also connected to the compressed air discharge port 130 of the compressor / expander 11 via a check valve 516 and a three-way switching valve 518. During low-load operation and deceleration of the rotary heat engine 100, the flow path of the three-way switching valve 518 is switched, the outlet valve 520 is closed, and a part of the compressed air CA is stored in the energy regeneration accumulator 520. When the rotary heat engine 100 is operated at a low load, the rotary heat engine 100 is programmed to reduce the amount of air supplied to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit 13 and store a part of the compressed air CA in the energy regenerative accumulator 520. When the rotary heat engine 100 is started, the outlet valve 520 is opened, and the stored compressed air CA is sent from the energy regenerative accumulator 520 to the main air supply line 522. The main air supply line 522 is connected to the air supply unit 50 of the hydrogen rich ammonia combustion unit 13 via a purge control three-way switching valve 524. Further, the compressor / expander 11 has a hot gas introduction port 124 and an exhaust port 128. The hot gas introduction port 124 is connected to the hydrogen rich ammonia combustion unit 13 via the gas guide path 44 a of the gas guide path member 12. The compressor / expander 11 expands the high-temperature combustion gas HPG supplied from the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit 13 to generate power and transmits the power to the transmission 506 via the torque converter 504. The compressor / expander 11 is a patent application 2011-290720 “rotary fluid machine” of the same inventor as the present inventor or a patent application 2011 filed by the same inventor of the present inventor on May 05, 2012. -Since it has the same structure as what was disclosed in No. "Rotary heat engine and power generation equipment using the same", detailed description is omitted.

  The fuel supply system 532 includes a urea water supply tank 530 for supplying urea water UW, and is supplied to the hydrogen rich ammonia generation reactor 70 of the hydrogen rich ammonia combustion unit 13 via the urea water pressurizing pump 534 and the flow rate control valve 536. Connected. The hydrogen rich ammonia production reactor 70 hydrolyzes urea water to produce ammonia, and converts a part of the ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen to produce a high temperature hydrogen rich gas. The remaining ammonia and the hydrogen rich gas are mixed to form hydrogen rich ammonia, and this fuel is sent to the hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 540. The hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 540 is connected to the hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 540a via the first flow path of the three-way switching valve 524, while the compressor is connected to the hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 540b connected to the second flow path. The fuel is pressurized by 543 and connected to the start / acceleration fuel storage tank 544 via the check valve 545. The hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 540 a is connected to the fuel supply unit 60 of the hydrogen rich ammonia combustion unit 13 through the hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 546. The outlet of the start / acceleration fuel storage tank 544 is connected to the hydrogen rich ammonia combustion section 13 via a hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 540c and a start / acceleration on-off valve 548. The flow path of the three-way switching valve 524 is switched during the low load operation and the nominal deceleration operation of the rotary heat engine 100 to store a part of the hydrogen rich ammonia HRA in the start / acceleration fuel storage tank 544. During the start-up and acceleration operation of the rotary heat engine 100, the flow path of the three-way switching valve 524 is switched, and hydrogen-rich ammonia is supplied from the start-acceleration fuel storage tank 544 to the fuel supply unit 60 via the start-acceleration on-off valve 548. Send HRA. As described above, the hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA in the start / acceleration fuel storage tank 544 is used for engine start and high-load operation.

  For the purpose of suppressing clogging due to urea crystals in the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor 70 when the rotary heat engine 100 is stopped, the purge control three-way switching valve 524 is connected to the urea in the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor 70 via the purge gas supply line 550. A water injection nozzle 15 is connected. When the rotary heat engine 100 is stopped, the flow path of the purge control three-way switching valve 524 is switched, and the compressed air CA is supplied as purge gas from the urea water injection nozzle 15 to the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor 70, and unreacted urea and residual ammonia In addition, residual components such as residual hydrogen are discharged from the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor 70 and supplied to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section 13 for combustion.

As is clear from FIG. 2, the hydrogen rich ammonia combustion unit 13 includes a urea water injection nozzle 15, a premixed gas generation unit 40, an air supply unit 50, a fuel supply unit 60, and a hydrogen rich ammonia generation reactor 70. Is provided. The urea water injection nozzle 15 is connected to the urea water supply tank 530 via the urea water supply pump 534 and the flow rate control valve 536. The urea water supply tank 530 stores urea water UW containing 55 to 95% concentration, preferably 75 to 90% concentration of urea as a raw material for hydrogen-rich ammonia. To the urea water is added an alkali catalyst mainly composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH, Na ₂ CO ₃ , K ₂ CO ₃ , Na ₂ SiO ₃ and K ₂ SiO ₃ . If the urea concentration is 55% or less, the amount of water is too much and the thermal calories of hydrogen-rich ammonia are small, so that a sufficient output torque cannot be obtained. When the concentration of urea is 95% or more, the viscosity of the urea water becomes too high, the pipe resistance of the delivery line increases, and it becomes difficult to deliver the urea water.

  In FIG. 1, the rotary heat engine 100 detects the pressure of the energy regeneration accumulator 520 and outputs a pressure signal, and detects the pressure of the high-temperature combustion gas HPG in the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit 13 and outputs the pressure signal. A pressure sensor S2 for output, a temperature sensor S3 for detecting the operating temperature of the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section 13 and outputting a temperature signal, and a pressure for detecting the pressure of the start / acceleration fuel storage tank 544 and outputting a pressure signal A sensor S4, a rotational speed sensor S5 that detects the rotational speed of the rotary heat engine 100 and outputs a rotational speed signal corresponding to the engine rotational speed, a shift position sensor Se1 that detects the shift position of the shift lever SL, and the rotary heat engine Detection of load signal corresponding to 100 loads, ie, accelerator position of accelerator pedal Ap Provided with capacitors Se2, a brake pedal sensor Se3 for detecting the position of the brake pedal Bp, an input device 17 for inputting calendar data Rotary heat engine 100, the input parameters such as setting the input data, and a controller 19.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit 13 is made of a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel, and includes a cylindrical combustion unit casing 36 supported by the rotary heat engine 100 via the guide path member 12. Prepare. The combustion section casing 36 includes an inner sleeve 37 having an inner peripheral wall 37 a having an inner diameter larger than the outer shape of the output shaft 132 of the rotary heat engine 100. The combustion section casing 36 includes a spiral combustion chamber 38 formed so as to extend from the outer periphery to the inner sleeve 37 in the plane region perpendicular to the center axis of the output shaft 132, and the spiral combustion chamber 38. A premixed gas generation unit 40 that generates a premixed gas of compressed air CA and hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA is disposed at the upstream end 38a, and is disposed adjacent to the premixed gas generation unit 40. An ignition part 42 made of a ceramic heater or the like for igniting the air-fuel mixture and a downstream side end 38c of the spiral combustion chamber 38 so as to be adjacent to the inner sleeve 37 are used to supply the high-temperature combustion gas HPG to the rotary heat engine 100. And a high-pressure gas ejection port 44 to be supplied.

  In FIG. 2, the premixed gas generation unit 40 of the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit 13 is manufactured from a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel, and includes an air supply unit 50 formed of a cylindrical outer tube that functions as a compressed air flow path. And a fuel supply unit 60. A cylindrical inner tube 52 that functions as a fuel injection nozzle is manufactured from a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel, and extends concentrically with the inside of the air supply unit 50. The air supply unit 50 includes a swirling flow collision unit 54 that generates a premixed gas by mixing with fuel while generating a high-speed swirling flow of compressed air. The air supply unit 50 includes an annular compressed air jet chamber 55 that functions as a compressed air flow passage, a compressed air introduction port 56 for guiding the compressed air CA into the annular compressed air jet chamber 55, and an annular compressed air jet chamber 55. And a conical high-speed flow generating portion 58 formed at the tip portion.

  The end of the cylindrical inner tube 52 is made of a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel, and is connected to a fuel supply unit 60 to which the base fuel BF and the hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA are supplied. The distal end portion of the cylindrical inner tube 52 is disposed adjacent to the high-speed flow generating portion 58 of the annular compressed air jet chamber 55 and forms a swirling flow generating portion 59 that generates a swirling flow of compressed air. A generating blade 62, a first fuel injection port 64 that opens to the conical high-speed flow generation unit 58 adjacent to each of the plurality of swirling flow generation blades 62, and a second fuel injection port 65 that opens to the swirling flow collision unit 54, And a swirl flow generating member 66 that is disposed at an intermediate portion of the cylindrical inner tube 52 and generates a swirl flow Vs for the fuel. When fuel is injected from the first fuel injection port 64 with respect to the swirling flow of the compressed air CA generated by the swirling flow generating blade 62, the compressed air CA and the fuel are made uniform by collision with the swirling flow of the compressed air CA. The premixed gas AFM is generated by mixing. A turbulent flow generation baffle member 67 is disposed in the spiral combustion chamber 38 at a position spaced apart from the swirling flow collision portion 54 at a predetermined interval. The turbulent flow generation baffle member 67 has a central portion in which a combustion gas ejection opening 67a is formed. A part of the high-temperature combustion gas HPG collides with the wall surface of the turbulent flow generation baffle member 67 and reverses to the swirl flow collision portion 54 side to become a reversal flow f1, and contact mixing with the premixed gas jetted from the swirl flow collision portion Thus, combustion is promoted.

  In FIG. 2, the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor 70 is disposed along the combustion zone 38 a of the spiral combustion chamber 38 on the radial inner side of the cylindrical combustion section casing 36, and passes through the spiral combustion chamber 38. Formed between the cylindrical combustion part casing 36 and the heat transfer member 71 at a position adjacent to the turbulent flow generation baffle member 67 and the heat transfer member 71 made of a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel. The heat generating unit 72 stores the heat energy of the high-temperature combustion gas received from the heat transfer member 71 and the evaporator 72 that generates urea water vapor injected from the urea water injection nozzle 15. Commercially available stainless steel balls or ceramic balls with a diameter of 1 to 6 mm that pass through urea water vapor while generating turbulent flow A hydrolyzing unit 73 that contains a plurality of solid heat transfer bodies SB and that generates ammonia by hydrolyzing the vapor of urea water using the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas transferred to the heat transfer body SB; And an ammonia decomposing unit 74 having an ammonia decomposing catalyst ACC for decomposing a part of ammonia and converting it into nitrogen and hydrogen to generate a hydrogen-rich gas.

  As the ammonia decomposing catalyst, for example, ammonia decomposing catalyst ST909 (ZrMnFe alloy) manufactured by 520ES GETTERS, Italy, nickel catalysts N134, N135 and N135L manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals are used. Between the evaporation part 72 and the hydrolysis part 73, it comprises an orifice 75a or the like that extends radially outward from the heat transfer member 71 and restricts the flow rate of the urea water vapor flowing from the evaporation part 72 into the hydrolysis part 73. A first flow restriction member 75 is formed. Similarly, a second flow restriction member 76 having an orifice 76 a is formed between the hydrolysis portion 73 and the ammonia decomposition portion 74, and part of the ammonia flows into the ammonia decomposition portion 74. In order to control the flow ratio of ammonia and hydrogen rich gas supplied to the hydrogen rich ammonia supply line, flow control valves (not shown) are installed in the ammonia supply line 21a and the hydrogen rich gas supply line 23a, respectively. You may make it change the opening degree of these flow control valves according to the programmed control software.

  Next, the operation of the next-generation carbon-free moving body 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

  When a key switch (not shown) of the next-generation carbon-free moving body 10 is turned on, air supply command signals CM1, CM2, and CM3 are output from the controller 19. At this time, the outlet valve 519, the purge control three-way switching valve 524, and the start / acceleration on-off valve 548 are opened, and the compressed air CA of the energy regeneration accumulator 520 is hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion via the purge control three-way switching valve 524. Supplied to the air supply unit 50 of the unit 13. On the other hand, hydrogen rich ammonia is supplied from the start / acceleration fuel storage tank 544 to the fuel supply unit 60 of the hydrogen rich ammonia combustion unit 13 via the start / acceleration on-off valve 548. In FIG. 2, compressed air CA and hydrogen-rich ammonia become premixed gas AFM in the premixed gas generation unit 40, and are ignited by the ignition unit 42 in response to the ignition command signal CM4 to generate high-temperature combustion gas HPG. The high temperature combustion gas HPG is discharged from the high pressure gas discharge port 44, passes through the gas guide path 44a of the gas guide path member 12, and is supplied to the compressor / expander 11 of the rotary heat engine 100. The rotary heat engine 100 is supplied with the high temperature combustion gas HPG. Start by inflating.

  As is clear from FIG. 2, when the rotary heat engine 100 is started, the high-temperature combustion gas HPG passing through the spiral combustion zone 38 a heats the hydrogen-rich ammonia generation reactor 70. When the combustion section casing 36 reaches a predetermined temperature, for example, 800 ° C., corresponding to the operable temperature of the hydrogen-rich ammonia generation reactor 70, that is, the temperature signal output from the temperature sensor S 3 is stored in the controller 19. When the temperature matches the predetermined temperature, the controller 19 outputs a urea water supply control signal CM5.

  In response to the urea water supply control signal CM5, the urea water supply pump 534 is activated, and at the same time, the flow control valve 536 is opened. At this time, the urea water UW is supplied from the urea water supply tank 530 to the urea water injection nozzle 15 and is sprayed to the evaporation unit 72 in a spray form. The sprayed urea water collides with the wall portion of the evaporation portion 72 and efficiently evaporates. The urea water vapor flows into the hydrolysis section 73 through the orifice 75a of the first flow restricting member 75, contacts the surfaces of the plurality of heated heat transfer bodies HTB sequentially, and efficiently in the presence of the alkali catalyst. Hydrolysis takes place and ammonia is produced. Part of the ammonia flows into the ammonia decomposition section 74 via the office 76a of the second flow restriction member 76, contacts the ammonia decomposition catalyst ACC, and is converted into a hydrogen rich gas HRG made of hydrogen and nitrogen. The remaining ammonia is taken out from the ammonia outlet 21 and flows through the hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line 21a, while the hydrogen-rich gas HRG flows through the hydrogen-rich gas supply line 23a, and these two fuel components are mixed at the junction point Mxp to form hydrogen. The rich ammonia HRA is supplied, and the hydrogen rich ammonia HRA is sent through the hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 540. At this time, the opening degree of the three-way switching valve 524 is controlled in response to the flow rate control command signal CM 6 of the controller 19, whereby the flow rate of the hydrogen rich ammonia HRA is controlled and supplied to the fuel supply unit 60.

  After the start of the rotary heat engine 100 is completed, the flow paths of the three-way switching valves 518 and 542 are switched in response to the air supply command signals CM1 and CM2. At this time, the compressed air CA discharged from the compressor / expander 11 is supplied to the premixed gas generation unit 40 of the hydrogen rich ammonia combustion unit 13 via the main air supply line 522 and the purge control three-way switching valve 524. When the accelerator pedal Ap is depressed to increase the traveling speed of the next-generation carbon-free moving body 10, the flow rate of the urea water UW is increased by controlling the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 536 to be increased. Therefore, the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich ammonia supplied from the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor 70 increases, the pressure of the high-temperature combustion gas HPG increases, and the power of the rotary heat engine 100 increases. When the accelerator pedal Ap is further depressed to accelerate the next-generation carbon-free moving body 10, the start / acceleration on-off valve 519 is opened in response to the acceleration air supply command signal CM1a, and the energy regenerative accumulator 520 is opened. The stored compressed air is delivered from On the other hand, in response to the fuel supply increase command signal CM3, the opening degree of the start / acceleration on-off valve 548 increases, and additional hydrogen-rich ammonia is transferred from the start / acceleration fuel storage tank 544 to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit 13. Supplied.

  Next, when the next-generation carbon-free moving body 10 decelerates, the outlet valve 519 is closed, while the flow rate of the compressed air CA flowing into the main air supply line 522 by narrowing the first flow path of the three-way switching valve 518. And the flow rate of the compressed air CA flowing into the energy regeneration accumulator 520 is increased. Similarly, the start / acceleration on-off valve 548 is closed and at the same time the flow path of the three-way switching valve 542 is switched to reduce the flow rate of hydrogen-rich ammonia flowing into the hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line 540a and to the hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line 540a. Increase the flow rate of inflowing hydrogen rich ammonia. At this time, the compressor 543 is activated and hydrogen-rich ammonia is stored in the start / acceleration fuel storage tank 544 via the check valve 545. These operation sequences are continued until the rotary heat engine 100 returns to normal operation.

  When the operation of the rotary heat engine 100 is completed (stopped), an engine stop command signal CM7 from the controller 19 is output. Then, the urea water supply pump 534 is turned off, the flow control valve 536 is closed, and the supply of urea water to the hydrogen rich ammonia combustion unit 13 is shut off. At this time, the purge command signal CM8 is output from the controller 19 for a predetermined purge period (for example, 15 seconds). At this time, the flow path of the purge control three-way switching valve 524 is switched, and the compressed air CA is introduced as purge gas into the hydrogen-rich ammonia generation reactor 70 via the urea gas injection nozzle 15 via the purge gas supply line 550. The purge gas discharges unreacted urea and residual gas from the hydrogen-rich ammonia generation reactor 70 and is returned to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section 13 via the three-way switching valve 542 and the hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line 540a. Is done.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a next-generation carbon-free moving body 10A according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals are used for the same or similar components as those in the embodiment shown in FIGS. The detailed description of is omitted. The next-generation carbon-free moving body 10A shown in FIG. 3 is different from the starting-acceleration / acceleration fuel storage tank 544 in the embodiment shown in FIG. The difference is that the supply system 532A employs a dual fuel system. Therefore, it demonstrates below based on said difference.

  In the next-generation carbon-free moving body 10A shown in FIG. 3, the dual fuel system 532A includes a urea water supply tank 530, an auxiliary fuel tank 600 for storing liquid fuel Fa such as gasoline or light oil, and a fuel pump 602. As with the rotary heat engine 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, urea water UW is sent from the urea water supply tank 530 via the urea water supply pump 534 and the flow rate control valve 536, and the urea water is hydrogen-rich ammonia. Ammonia and hydrogen rich gas are generated from the urea water injection nozzle 15 of the combustion unit 13 into the hydrogen rich ammonia generation reactor 70, and hydrogen rich ammonia composed of ammonia and hydrogen rich gas is taken out via the hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 540. The hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 540 and the auxiliary fuel supply line 603 are connected to the first and second flow paths of the servo motor controlled three-way switching valve 604, and the third flow path of the three-way switching valve 604 is the premixed gas generation unit 40. The fuel supply unit 60 is connected. The three-way switching valve 604 determines the distribution ratio between the hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA and the liquid fuel Fa in accordance with a pre-programmed fuel distribution ratio control command signal CM8 from the controller 19.

  In the next-generation carbon-free moving body 10A, when the rotary heat engine 100 is started, the second flow path of the three-way switching valve 604 is switched, and the auxiliary fuel supply line 603 is connected to the fuel supply unit 60 of the premixed gas generation unit 40. Thus, the liquid fuel is injected into the premixed gas generator 40. On the other hand, since the outlet valve 519 is opened and the stored compressed air CA of the energy reforming accumulator 520 is supplied to the premixed gas generation unit 40 of the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit 13 via the purge control three-way switching valve 524, combustion occurs. The premixed mixture of working air and liquid fuel burns and the rotary heat engine 100 is started. When the operating temperature of the hydrogen rich ammonia combusting unit 13 reaches a predetermined temperature, the urea water supply pump 534 is activated by the command signal from the controller 19 and the flow rate control valve 536 is opened, so that the urea water UW is converted into the hydrogen rich ammonia combusting unit. 13 is introduced into the hydrogen-rich ammonia generation reactor 70, and hydrogen-rich ammonia is generated and recirculated to the premixed gas generation unit 40. The hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air are combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas HPG. . At this time, the three-way switching valve 604 controls the distribution ratio between the hydrogen rich ammonia HRA and the liquid fuel Fa in accordance with the fuel distribution ratio control command signal CM8 from the controller 19. Since other operations are the same as those in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As mentioned above, although each Example of this invention was described based on drawing, these show only one embodiment to the last, and this invention is the aspect which added the various change and improvement based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Can be implemented.

  For example, in the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion part, the hydrolysis part and the ammonia decomposition part are shown as being housed in the heat transfer member, but the heat transfer member is formed by a coiled stainless pipe, and the hydrolysis part is formed therein. And the ammonia decomposition part may be accommodated. Although the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor is shown as being disposed on the same plane as the combustion chamber, the combustion section casing is modified so that the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor is arranged on the back side of the combustion chamber. Also good. Although the combustion chamber has been described as a spiral combustion chamber, it may be changed to a toroidal shape.

  In the next-generation carbon-free power unit of the second embodiment, the control valve for controlling the flow ratio of the fuel supplied to the combustion chamber and the hydrogen-rich ammonia is described as a single control valve. And a valve for controlling the flow rate of hydrogen-rich ammonia may be provided independently.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 10A ... Next generation carbon free moving body; 11 ... Compressor and expander; 12 ... Gas guide path member; 13 ... Hydrogen rich ammonia combustion part; 14 ... Generator; 15 ... Urea water injection nozzle; ... Controller ... 36 ... Combustion part casing; 38 ... Spiral combustion chamber; 40 ... Premixed gas generation part; 42 ... Ignition part; 44 ... High-pressure gas injection port; 50 ... Air supply part; 52 ... Cylindrical inner tube; 70: Hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor; 520 ... Energy regenerative accumulator; 530 ... Urea water supply tank; 518-536 ... Three-way switching valve; 544 ... Fuel storage tank for starting and acceleration; 600 ... Fuel tank; ... 3-way switching valve

In order to achieve the above object, according to the invention described in claim 1, the next generation carbon-free power device generates mechanical power by burning the output device, high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air. A heat engine that transmits to the output device, the heat engine burning a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air, and the hydrogen-rich ammonia A fuel supply system that supplies urea water as a raw material, and the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section burns a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air to operate the heat engine with the high-temperature combustion gas A combustion chamber for generating high-temperature ammonia from the urea water using a part of heat energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source and the ammonia A hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor that partially converts hydrogen and nitrogen to produce a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas; A hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line for supplying to the rich ammonia combustion section , wherein the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor is disposed in the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section and heats part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source A heat transfer member that is disposed on the heat transfer member and that hydrolyzes the urea water in the presence of thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas to generate the high-temperature ammonia, and the heat transfer A portion of the ammonia in the presence of the thermal energy in the presence of the thermal energy. And summarized in that and a ammonia decomposition unit for converting the gas.

According to the invention described in claim 2 , in addition to the configuration described in claim 1, the fuel supply system includes a fuel storage tank for start-up / acceleration for temporarily storing a part of the hydrogen-rich ammonia; A gist of the invention is that it includes an on-off valve for supplying hydrogen-rich ammonia in the start-up / acceleration fuel storage tank to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section.

According to the invention described in claim 3 , in addition to the configuration described in claim 1 or 2 , the fuel supply system supplies a urea water supply tank that supplies the urea water, and supplies fuel to the combustion quality. And a control valve for controlling a flow rate ratio between the fuel supplied to the combustion chamber and the hydrogen-rich ammonia.

According to the invention described in claim 4 , in addition to the configuration described in any one of claims 1 to 3, the purge gas supply means connected to the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor, and when the heat engine is stopped, The gist of the present invention is to further include an on-off valve that supplies the purge gas from the purge gas supply means to the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor and discharges the residual gas.

According to the invention described in claim 5 , the next generation carbon-free moving body generates mechanical power by burning the propulsion device, high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air, and transmits the mechanical power to the propulsion device. A heat engine, and the heat engine supplies a hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section for burning a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air, and supplies urea water as a raw material for the hydrogen-rich ammonia. A fuel supply system, wherein the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section burns a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air and operates the heat engine with the high-temperature combustion gas; and Using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source, high-temperature ammonia is generated from the urea water, and part of the ammonia is converted to hydrogen and nitrogen A hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor that produces a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas, and a hydrogen-rich ammonia that supplies a high-temperature mixed gas of the remainder of the high-temperature ammonia and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas as the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit An ammonia supply line , wherein the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor is disposed in the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section and is heated using a part of thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source, and the heat transfer A hydrolyzing unit that is disposed in the member and hydrolyzes the urea water in the presence of thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas to generate the high-temperature ammonia; Ammonia that converts part of the ammonia into the hot hydrogen-rich gas in the presence And summarized in that and a solution portion.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the heat engine of the next generation carbon-free power plant, the combustion section includes a hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor. The hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor includes a heat transfer member that is disposed in the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section and is heated by using a part of thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source, and the hydrolysis section is provided in the heat transfer member. An ammonia decomposition unit is installed. As described above, a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas is utilized through the heat transfer member to easily generate ammonia from the urea water with high efficiency on demand, and at the same time, a part of the ammonia is removed from the ammonia decomposition part. Hydrogen-rich ammonia is generated by conversion to hydrogen-rich gas. Therefore, hydrogen-rich ammonia can be supplied to the heat engine in the entire operation region, and the dependence on fossil fuel can be remarkably suppressed. Since the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia is mixed with the intake air to form a uniform mixture, it can be completely burned in the presence of hydrogen. Therefore, it is possible to put to practical use a next-generation carbon-free power device that is extremely safe and reliable. Furthermore, the dependence on fossil fuel, which is a source of greenhouse gas emissions, can be greatly reduced, thereby making a great contribution to the prevention of global warming.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, hydrogen-rich ammonia is temporarily stored in the start / acceleration fuel storage tank, and the hydrogen-rich ammonia is supplied to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section when the engine is started or when the engine is operating at a high load. Can do. According to this configuration, it becomes possible to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen-rich ammonia in the entire operation region of the heat engine, greatly reduce the dependence on fossil fuels, and contribute greatly to the prevention of global warming. Is possible. In addition, since hydrogen-rich ammonia can be additionally supplied during high-load operation of the engine, the engine can be made smaller and higher performance.

In the configuration according to claim 3 , in the fuel supply system, in addition to hydrogen-rich ammonia, carbonaceous fuel can be supplied from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber, so that the combination of hydrogen-rich ammonia and carbonaceous fuel is used. Is possible, and convenience is improved.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when the heat engine is stopped, the purge gas is supplied from the purge gas supply means to the hydrogen-rich ammonia generation reactor, and residual gases such as unreacted urea, ammonia and hydrogen are discharged to the outside. Therefore, clogging due to urea crystals can be avoided after the heat engine is stopped, the next restart of the heat engine is facilitated, and the reliability is improved.

In the structure of Claim 5, in the heat engine which comprises a next-generation carbon free mobile body, a combustion part is provided with a hydrogen rich ammonia production | generation reactor. The hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor includes a heat transfer member that is disposed in the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section and is heated by using a part of thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source, and the hydrolysis section is provided in the heat transfer member. An ammonia decomposition unit is installed. As described above, a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas is utilized through the heat transfer member to easily generate ammonia from the urea water with high efficiency on demand, and at the same time, a part of the ammonia is removed from the ammonia decomposition part. Hydrogen-rich ammonia is generated by conversion to hydrogen-rich gas. Therefore, hydrogen-rich ammonia can be supplied to the heat engine in the entire operation region, and the dependence on fossil fuel can be remarkably suppressed. Since the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia is mixed with the intake air to form a uniform mixture, it can be completely burned in the presence of hydrogen. Therefore, the next-generation carbon-free moving body with extremely high safety and reliability can be put into practical use. Furthermore, the dependence on fossil fuel, which is a source of greenhouse gas emissions, can be greatly reduced, thereby making a great contribution to the prevention of global warming.

Claims (6)

An output device;
A heat engine that burns high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air to generate mechanical power and transmit it to the output device, and
The heat engine is
A hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section for burning a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air;
A fuel supply system for supplying urea water as a raw material for the hydrogen-rich ammonia,
The hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion part is
A combustion chamber for operating a heat engine with a high-temperature combustion gas by burning a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air;
A hydrogen-rich ammonia generation reactor that generates high-temperature ammonia from the urea water using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source and converts a part of the ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen to generate a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas; ,
A hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line that supplies a high-temperature mixed gas of the remainder of the high-temperature ammonia and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas as the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section;
A next-generation carbon-free power unit characterized by comprising.   The hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor is disposed in the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section and is heated by using a part of thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source, and is disposed in the heat-transfer member and A hydrolyzing unit that hydrolyzes the urea water in the presence of thermal energy of high-temperature combustion gas to generate the high-temperature ammonia; and a portion of the ammonia that is housed in the heat transfer member and is in the presence of the thermal energy. The next-generation carbon-free power unit according to claim 1, further comprising an ammonia decomposing unit that converts the unit into the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas.   The fuel supply system temporarily stores a part of the hydrogen-rich ammonia for start-up / acceleration fuel storage tank, and supplies the hydrogen-rich ammonia in the start-up / acceleration fuel storage tank to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion unit. The next-generation carbon-free power unit according to claim 1, further comprising an on-off valve for the purpose.   The fuel supply system controls a flow rate ratio between the urea water supply tank for supplying the urea water, a fuel tank for supplying fuel to the combustion quality, and the fuel and hydrogen-rich ammonia supplied to the combustion chamber. The next-generation carbon-free power unit according to claim 1, further comprising:   A purge gas supply means connected to the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor; and an on-off valve for supplying the purge gas from the purge gas supply means to the hydrogen-rich ammonia production reactor and discharging the residual gas when the heat engine is stopped. The next-generation carbon-free power unit according to claim 1. A propulsion device;
A heat engine that burns high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air to generate mechanical power and transmit it to the propulsion device,
The heat engine is
A hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section for burning a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air;
A fuel supply system for supplying urea water as a raw material for the hydrogen-rich ammonia,
The hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion part is
A combustion chamber for operating a heat engine with a high-temperature combustion gas by burning a homogeneous mixture of the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air;
A hydrogen-rich ammonia generation reactor that generates high-temperature ammonia from the urea water using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source and converts a part of the ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen to generate a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas; ,
A hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line that supplies a high-temperature mixed gas of the remainder of the high-temperature ammonia and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas as the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia to the hydrogen-rich ammonia combustion section;
Next-generation carbon-free moving body characterized by comprising.

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