JP5315491B1 - Next-generation carbon-free combustor, next-generation carbon-free engine and next-generation carbon-free power generation device using the same, and next-generation carbon-free combustor, next-generation carbon-free engine and next-generation carbon-free power generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

A next-generation carbon-free combustor, a next-generation carbon-free engine, a next-generation carbon-free power generation device using the same, and urea water used for the combustor are provided.
A combustor 13 for generating high-temperature combustion gas by burning hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air is provided, a carbon-free combustion chamber 38 for generating high-temperature combustion gas, and a thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas. A hydrogen-rich ammonia generator 70 that generates a hydrogen-rich gas by converting a part of the ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen, and a hydrogen-rich gas And a hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line 25 for supplying the mixed gas as hydrogen-rich ammonia to the carbon-free combustion chamber. The next-generation carbon-free power generation apparatus 10 includes a generator 14 and supplies hydrogen-rich ammonia on demand based on urea water. To contribute to the prevention of global warming.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a mosquito combustor, an engine using the combustor, and a power generation device driven by the combustor, and more particularly to a carbon-free combustor, a carbon-free engine, and a carbon-free power generation device that are friendly to the global environment.

  In recent years, due to global warming due to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to the expansion of fossil fuel use, abnormal sea level rise, natural disasters such as floods and wildfires due to abnormal weather, and severe damage to ecosystems have occurred frequently. It is becoming urgent to take measures as soon as possible. Among them, ammonia that burns in oxygen to become nitrogen and water and does not emit greenhouse gases is considered promising as a carbon-free fuel, and ammonia burning internal combustion engines and ammonia burning gas turbines have been proposed.

  In Patent Document 1, an ammonia tank is provided as a fuel tank for an internal combustion engine. Ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank is converted into hydrogen and nitrogen (partially ammonia by an ammonia decomposition catalyst in the presence of thermal energy of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine). Proposed is an ammonia burning internal combustion engine that is mixed with air and used as the first fuel, and mixed with the second fuel supplied downstream of the throttle valve and burned in the internal combustion engine. Has been.

  In Patent Document 2, an ammonia tank is provided as an auxiliary fuel tank for an internal combustion engine, and ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen by an ammonia decomposition catalyst in the presence of thermal energy of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. On the other hand, there has been proposed an internal combustion engine in which fuel efficiency is improved by mixing and burning a main mixture and auxiliary fuel in which the mixing ratio of hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline and air is adjusted to the lean side. Yes.

  In Patent Document 3, an ammonia tank is provided as an engine fuel tank, and ammonia is supplied from the intake pipe of the engine to the combustion chamber. On the other hand, in order to improve the flame retardancy of ammonia, the heat of the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber is used. Ammonia combustion in which ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen in the ammonia decomposition reactor in the presence of energy, and hydrogen obtained by decomposition is introduced into the auxiliary combustion chamber to improve the combustibility of flame-retardant ammonia. An engine has been proposed.

  Patent Document 4 proposes an ammonia burning internal combustion engine in which ammonia supplied from an ammonia supply system equipped with an on-board ammonia supply device is mixed with air as zero carbon fuel and burned in an engine cylinder. .

  Patent Documents 5 and 6 disclose an ammonia burning internal combustion engine in which ammonia and a combustion aid (gasoline) for promoting combustion of ammonia are used as fuels, and these fuels are injected into an intake pipe for combustion. Proposed.

  In Patent Document 7, a part of ammonia supplied from an ammonia tank is reformed by a reformer, ammonia and hydrogen gas are injected into an intake pipe, and an air-fuel mixture in an engine cylinder is ignited and burned. An engine system has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 8, urea water supplied from a urea water supply tank is generated by a reformer, hydrogen is generated based on the ammonia, and a mixed fuel of the ammonia and hydrogen is used as a fuel ammonia supply pipe. An engine system is proposed in which combustion efficiency of an internal combustion engine is improved by burning ammonia and hydrogen together with gasoline injected from an injector in an engine cylinder.

  In Patent Document 9, ammonia supplied from an ammonia tank is reformed by a fuel reformer to generate hydrogen, the ammonia and hydrogen are separated from each other by a separator, and the ammonia is stored in an ammonia pressure accumulator. There has been proposed an engine system in which hydrogen and nitrogen thus injected are injected into an intake pipe through a hydrogen injector, while ammonia is injected into an intake pipe through an ammonia injector.

  Patent Document 10 discloses a hydrogen generator in which ammonia is supplied to a plurality of ammonia conversion sections operating in a plurality of temperature ranges, decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen, and the engine is driven by a mixed gas of ammonia and nitrogen. And ammonia burning engines have been proposed.

  In Patent Document 11, liquid ammonia supplied from a liquid ammonia tank is stored in an ammonia reservoir and injected from an ammonia injector into an intake port, while a combustible substance is injected into a combustion chamber via a combustible substance injector. An ammonia burning internal combustion engine in which a premixed mixture of fuel and intake air is burned has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 12, liquid ammonia supplied from a liquid ammonia tank is converted into ammonia by an evaporator using the thermal energy of exhaust gas, and is temporarily stored in an ammonia tank, and the stored ammonia is taken from an ammonia injector to an intake port. On the other hand, the non-ammonia fuel supplied from the non-ammonia fuel tank is injected into the combustion chamber via the non-ammonia fuel injector to burn the air-fuel mixture of these fuel and intake air. Has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 13, liquid ammonia supplied from a liquid ammonia tank is converted into ammonia in a reaction vessel containing a heat exchanger using heat energy of exhaust gas, and part of the ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen. A mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen in the first port of the reaction vessel is injected from the hydrogen injector into the intake port, while ammonia in the second port of the reaction vessel is injected into the combustion chamber through the ammonia fuel injector and An ammonia burning internal combustion engine in which an air-fuel mixture with intake air is combusted has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 14, liquid ammonia supplied from a liquid ammonia tank is heated by an ammonia preheater and an ammonia heater, and then decomposed by an ammonia decomposition device to be decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen, and the hydrogen is supplied to an internal combustion engine. On the other hand, a method and an apparatus have been proposed in which ammonia is used as a sustainable fuel and a nitrogen oxide purifier, while supplying nitrogen to a selective catalytic reduction catalyst via a nitrogen-driven turbine.

  Patent Document 15 proposes a hydrogen / ammonia combustion internal combustion engine in which a mixed gas of hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen supply tank and ammonia supplied from an ammonia supply tank is operated as fuel.

  In Patent Document 16, in a carbon-free combustor in which a pilot nozzle and a premixing nozzle are arranged in a gas turbine, fossil fuel such as natural gas is supplied to the premixing nozzle at the start of the gas turbine and immediately after the start. An ammonia combustion gas turbine has been proposed in which ammonia is supplied to a premixing nozzle during warm-up operation.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,480,595 U.S. Pat. No. 4,750,453 JP 05-332152 A US Patent Publication No. 2010/0019506 JP 2009-85168 A JP 2009-85169 A JP 2009-97422 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-97419 Japanese Patent No. 4854451 US Patent Publication No. 2011/0008694 US Patent Publication No. 2011/0259290 US Patent Publication No. 2011/0264355 US Patent Publication No. 2010/0288249 US Patent Publication No. 2011/0011354 U.S. Pat. No. 2,802,053 JP 2010-19195 A

  By the way, in the ammonia combustion internal combustion engine disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, an ammonia tank storing ammonia as an auxiliary fuel is used. Ammonia is toxic, highly corrosive, highly irritating to the skin, mucous membranes and eyes, and is extremely dangerous due to contact with the eyes. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the risk by reducing the capacity of the ammonia tank as much as possible. However, in order to enjoy the merit of the clean exhaust gas purification effect of ammonia in the ammonia burning internal combustion engine, the capacity of the ammonia tank cannot be reduced fundamentally.

  In the ammonia combustion engine disclosed in Patent Document 3, ammonia is directly injected into the intake pipe of the engine as a main fuel, while an ammonia decomposition reactor is provided in a part of the exhaust pipe for the purpose of improving the flame retardance of ammonia. The heat exchange pipe is installed in the inside, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst filled in the heat exchange pipe is heated using the thermal energy of the engine exhaust gas to convert the ammonia gas into nitrogen and hydrogen Is adopted. Liquid ammonia is sprayed into the intake pipe of the engine and mixed with intake air. Since ammonia has a very large heat of vaporization, when it is injected into the intake pipe of the engine, it cools the intake air and flows into the combustion chamber as a mixture without receiving sufficient heat of vaporization. Therefore, since a uniform mixture of ammonia and intake air is not formed, incomplete combustion tends to occur in the combustion chamber. This is noticeable at the start of the engine and immediately after the start. If the mixture of ammonia and intake air is not uniform, incomplete combustion often occurs, making continuous combustion difficult and harmful unburned components. It has been difficult to put an ammonia combustion engine into practical use.

  In the power unit and the ammonia combustion internal combustion engine disclosed in Patent Document 4, an on-board ammonia supply unit is employed, and ammonia having high energy density is burned as the main fuel to obtain a power output. In this power unit and ammonia combustion internal combustion engine, only ammonia is adopted as the main fuel. Since ammonia has a property that the combustion speed is low and it is difficult to burn, only when the engine is in a predetermined load range, for example, a load range of 30 to 100%, ammonia is burned in the engine as fuel. When the engine load becomes 30% or less, the vehicle is provided with auxiliary power by operating a large-capacity electric device composed of a separately provided motor, a generator and a power storage device exclusively for low load operation. I was trying to keep it running. However, when driving in urban areas, low-speed driving is frequently performed and the engine load is frequently reduced to 30% or less. Therefore, the usage ratio of the electric device is increased, the power consumption is increased, and the fuel consumption is deteriorated. It was. Therefore, the ammonia utilization rate decreased, and sufficient environmental measures could not be implemented. In addition, the electrical device itself inevitably has an expensive and complicated structure, and the power device has a large structure as a whole, resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost.

  The ammonia burning internal combustion engines disclosed in Patent Documents 5 to 7 have the same problems as the ammonia burning internal combustion engines disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and are practically used from the viewpoint of durability of the ammonia burning internal combustion engine. It was difficult.

  In the engine system disclosed in Patent Document 8, in an ammonia generation reformer, urea water is decomposed using thermal energy of engine exhaust gas to generate ammonia, and at least a part of the ammonia is generated as a hydrogen generation reformer. Is used to obtain hydrogen and supply a mixed gas of ammonia and hydrogen to the intake pipe. As described above, when automobiles such as diesel trucks, buses, and passenger cars are operated in urban areas, low-speed traveling is frequently performed and the engine output is low. Therefore, in urban driving, the exhaust temperature is rarely maintained at a high temperature continuously, the thermal energy required for the decomposition of urea water becomes insufficient, and it is difficult to stably generate ammonia from urea water. It was. This is obvious from the invention disclosed in Patent Document 3, and it has been difficult to raise the performance and reliability of the ammonia generation reformer to a practical level. As described above, there are many problems that must be solved in order to stably generate ammonia from urea water by using only the thermal energy of the exhaust gas of the engine, and therefore, practical application of the engine system has been extremely difficult. .

  The ammonia burning internal combustion engines disclosed in Patent Documents 9 to 14 have the same problems as the ammonia burning internal combustion engines disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and are practically used from the viewpoint of durability of the ammonia burning internal combustion engine. It was difficult.

  In the ammonia combustion internal combustion engine disclosed in Patent Document 15, an ammonia tank and a hydrogen tank are employed. However, both of these are inevitably large in tank capacity, difficult to handle, and high in danger. there were. For this reason, when such an internal combustion engine is employed in a vehicle such as an automobile, a safety measure for the tank in the event of a vehicle collision has become a major issue, making it difficult to put it to practical use.

  The gas turbine disclosed in Patent Document 16 is configured to inject ammonia into a combustion chamber from a mixing nozzle of a carbon-free combustor. In this configuration, when low-temperature ammonia is injected from the carbon-free combustor, the heat of vaporization of ammonia is large, so the carbon-free combustor and the supply air are cooled and sufficient heat is not given to the mixture. As a result, vaporization of the gas became insufficient, a uniform air-fuel mixture was not generated, and it was difficult to completely burn ammonia. As a countermeasure, a fuel having higher combustibility than ammonia was supplied at the time of starting the gas turbine and immediately after the starting. Therefore, it has been difficult to put into practical use a gas turbine capable of completely burning ammonia at the time of starting and immediately after starting.

  The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and is a next-generation carbon-free combustor, a next-generation carbon-free engine, a next-generation carbon-free power generation apparatus using the same, a next-generation carbon-free combustor, and a next-generation carbon-free combustor. An object of the present invention is to provide a urea solution used for a carbon-free engine and a next-generation carbon-free power generation device using the same.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the invention described in claim 1, a combustion section casing in which a next-generation carbon-free combustor is connected to a urea water supply source for supplying urea water as a raw material for hydrogen-rich ammonia. A combustion chamber that is formed in the combustion section casing and that generates the high-temperature combustion gas by burning the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air; and using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source A hydrogen-rich ammonia generator that generates high-temperature ammonia gas from the urea water on demand and converts a part of the high-temperature ammonia gas into hydrogen and nitrogen to generate a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas; and the remainder of the high-temperature ammonia gas; A hydrogen rich ann that supplies a gas mixture with the high temperature hydrogen rich gas as the high temperature hydrogen rich ammonia to the combustion chamber And a near-supply line, the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator, the heat transfer member heated part of the heat energy of the combustion gases are located in the combustion chamber as a heat source, it is disposed in the heat transfer member A hydrolyzing unit that hydrolyzes the urea water in the presence of thermal energy of the combustion gas to generate the high-temperature ammonia gas, and is disposed in the heat transfer member and in the presence of thermal energy of the combustion gas. in the gist Rukoto a ammonia decomposition unit for converting a portion of the hot ammonia gas into the hot hydrogen-rich gas.

According to the invention described in claim 2 , in addition to the configuration of claim 1 , the hydrolysis unit is housed in the heat transfer member to form a plurality of turbulent flow generation passages, and the hydrolysis The gist is to provide a plurality of solid heat transfer bodies that extend the residence time of the urea water in the decomposition section.

According to the invention described in claim 3 , a carbon-free combustor in which a next-generation carbon-free engine burns high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air to generate high-temperature combustion gas, and the raw material for the hydrogen-rich ammonia As a fuel supply system provided with a urea water supply source for supplying urea water, and a heat engine that operates with the high-temperature combustion gas and obtains power from an output shaft, and the carbon-free combustor includes a combustion section casing, A combustion chamber formed in the combustion section casing for combusting the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air to generate the high-temperature combustion gas; and a part of thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source High-temperature ammonia gas is generated on demand from water, and part of the high-temperature ammonia gas is converted to hydrogen and nitrogen to produce high-temperature water. Comprising a hydrogen-rich ammonia generator for generating a rich gas, and the hot ammonia gas balance and the hot hydrogen-rich gas and a hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line for supplying the mixed gas into the combustion chamber as the hot hydrogen-rich ammonia in the previous SL A hydrogen-rich ammonia generator is disposed in the combustion chamber and is heated using a part of the heat energy of the combustion gas as a heat source, and is disposed in the heat transfer member and is heat energy of the combustion gas. A hydrolyzing unit that hydrolyzes the urea water in the presence of gas to generate the high-temperature ammonia gas; and a part of the high-temperature ammonia gas that is disposed in the heat transfer member and in the presence of thermal energy of the combustion gas the the gist Rukoto a ammonia decomposition unit for converting the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas.

According to the invention described in claim 4 , in addition to the configuration of claim 3 , the purge gas supply means connected to the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator, and the purge gas supply means when the next-generation carbon-free engine is stopped And an on-off valve for supplying the purge gas to the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator and discharging the residual gas.

According to the invention described in claim 5 , in addition to the configuration of claim 3 or 4 , the fuel supply system includes an auxiliary fuel storage tank that temporarily stores a part of the hydrogen-rich ammonia; The gist of the present invention is to provide an on-off valve for supplying hydrogen-rich ammonia in the auxiliary fuel storage tank to the combustion chamber.

According to the invention described in claim 6 , in addition to the configuration of any one of claims 3 to 5 , the fuel supply system includes a carbonaceous fuel tank provided independently of the urea water supply tank; And a flow rate control valve for supplying carbonaceous fuel in the carbonaceous fuel tank to the combustion chamber.

According to the invention described in claim 7 , in addition to the structure of any one of claims 3 to 5 , the heat engine compresses air to generate the combustion air, and the compressor And an output shaft connected to the output shaft, and a turbine connected to the output shaft and operated by the high-temperature combustion gas from the carbon-free combustor.

According to the invention described in claim 8 , the next-generation carbon-free power generation apparatus includes a carbon-free combustor that generates high-temperature combustion gas by burning high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air, and the hydrogen-rich ammonia. A fuel supply system including a urea water supply source for supplying urea water as a raw material, a heat engine that operates by the high-temperature combustion gas and obtains power from an output shaft, and a generator that generates power by the power of the heat engine, And the carbon-free combustor is formed in the combustion part casing supported by the heat engine, and the high temperature hydrogen rich ammonia and the combustion air are formed in the combustion part casing to burn the high temperature combustion gas. A high temperature ammonia gas is generated on demand from the urea water using a combustion chamber to be generated and a part of the thermal energy of the high temperature combustion gas as a heat source. A hydrogen-rich ammonia generator that converts a part of the high-temperature ammonia gas into hydrogen and nitrogen to generate a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas, and a mixed gas of the remainder of the high-temperature ammonia gas and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas is converted into the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia. And a hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line that supplies the combustion chamber as a heat transfer member that is disposed in the combustion chamber and is heated by using a part of the thermal energy of the combustion gas as a heat source. And a hydrolyzing section that is disposed on the heat transfer member and hydrolyzes the urea water in the presence of thermal energy of the combustion gas to generate the high-temperature ammonia gas, and is disposed on the heat transfer member. An anion that converts a portion of the hot ammonia gas into the hot hydrogen-rich gas in the presence of thermal energy of the combustion gas. And a near-decomposing unit and gist of Rukoto.

According to the invention described in claim 9 , the next-generation carbon-free combustor according to claims 1 and 2 , the next-generation carbon-free engine according to any one of claims 3 to 7, and the following according to claim 10. Urea water used in a generation carbon-free power generation device, wherein the urea water is an alkali catalyst solution mainly composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of hydroxides, carbonates and silicates of alkali metals; It consists of urea and water.

In the first aspect of the invention, the next generation carbon-free combustor has a hydrogen-rich ammonia generator, and uses a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber to be extremely safe and easy to handle. This makes it possible to generate high-temperature ammonia gas from fresh urea water and to convert from high-temperature ammonia gas to high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas in the presence of thermal energy of high-temperature combustion gas. For this reason, the conversion efficiency of urea water to ammonia is high, and the conversion efficiency of ammonia is also high. Therefore, the required amount of high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia can be always generated on demand. That is, during operation of the carbon-free combustor, high-temperature ammonia gas is generated from urea water inside the carbon-free combustor, and part of the high-temperature ammonia gas is converted into high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas, and these mixed gases are converted to high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas. Ammonia is recirculated into the carbon-free combustor and burned. High-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air generate a uniform mixture and promote complete combustion, so that unburned ammonia does not leak outside the carbon-free combustor and is extremely safe and reliable. As a result, the degree of dependence on fossil fuel, which is a source of greenhouse gas emissions, can be greatly reduced, thereby making a great contribution to the prevention of global warming. The hydrogen-rich ammonia generator further includes a heat transfer member that is disposed in the combustion chamber and is heated by using a part of heat energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source, and the hydrolysis unit and ammonia are provided in the heat transfer member. A disassembling part is arranged. According to this configuration, it is possible to efficiently generate hydrogen-rich ammonia by obtaining ammonia with high efficiency from urea water using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas, and efficiently producing hydrogen-rich ammonia. Therefore, the dependence on fossil fuel can be remarkably reduced, and it can contribute to many measures against global warming.

In the structure of Claim 2 , since the said hydrolysis part is equipped with the some solid heat exchanger accommodated in the said heat-transfer member, the urea water injected by spraying to the said hydrolysis part is gas And passes through a plurality of turbulent flow passages formed in a plurality of solid heat transfer bodies. For this reason, the residence time in the hydrolysis part of gaseous urea water becomes long, efficient hydrolysis is performed, and ammonia conversion efficiency improves.

In the structure of Claim 3 , a next generation carbon free engine is provided with a carbon free combustor. A carbon-free combustor uses a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber to produce ammonia directly from urea water with high efficiency, and then produces a hydrogen-rich gas from that part to produce a hydrogen-rich gas. Ammonia is produced, and this is recirculated to the combustion chamber. Therefore, the heat engine can be operated with hydrogen-rich ammonia in the entire operation region including the light load operation region to the high load operation region of the engine. Next-generation carbon-free engines can be produced at a low cost with a very simple structure and can be widely used. Therefore, the dependence on fossil fuel, which is a greenhouse gas emission source, can be greatly reduced, and a great contribution can be made to the prevention of global warming. The hydrogen-rich ammonia generator further includes a heat transfer member that is disposed in the combustion chamber and is heated by using a part of the heat energy of the combustion gas as a heat source. Therefore, the urea water can be easily and efficiently hydrolyzed in the presence of the thermal energy of the combustion gas to obtain ammonia and to generate a hydrogen rich gas. In this way, ammonia and hydrogen-rich gas are generated directly from urea water using a part of the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber, eliminating the need for a reformer having a complicated structure that has been required in the past. This is supplied to the combustion chamber as hydrogen-rich ammonia. Therefore, it is possible to achieve the maximum effect at a low cost by the constituent members having a small number of parts.

In the configuration of claim 4, since the purge gas is supplied from the purge gas supply means to the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator when the next-generation carbon-free engine is stopped, the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator includes water vapor of urea, ammonia, hydrogen, etc. No residual gas remains. In particular, urea water vapor condenses when the heat energy from the outside is cut off and crystallizes inside the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator, causing clogging and causing trouble at the next engine start. Prevents it in advance.

In the configuration of claim 5 , hydrogen-rich ammonia is temporarily stored in the auxiliary fuel storage tank, and the hydrogen-rich ammonia can be supplied to the carbon-free combustor when the engine is started or during high-load operation of the engine. . According to this configuration, the degree of dependence on fossil fuel can be eliminated by 100%, and a great contribution can be made to prevention of global warming. In addition, since the supply amount of hydrogen-rich ammonia can be increased during high-load operation of the engine, it is possible to reduce the size and performance of the engine.

In the configuration of claim 6 , in the fuel supply system, since carbonaceous fuel can be supplied from the carbonaceous fuel tank to the combustion chamber, it is possible to use hydrogen-rich ammonia and carbonaceous fuel in combination. Improves.

In the configuration of claim 7 , the heat engine compresses air to generate the combustion air, an output shaft connected to the compressor, and connected to the output shaft, Since the turbine operated by the high-temperature combustion gas from the carbon-free combustor is provided, it is possible to realize a next-generation carbon-free gas turbine that greatly suppresses the dependence on fossil fuel.

In the configuration of claim 8 , the next-generation carbon-free power generation device is driven by a heat engine that operates with high-temperature combustion gas generated in a carbon-free combustor to generate power. For this reason, the dependence on the fossil fuel which is the emission source of the greenhouse gas can be greatly reduced, and the power can be generated, which can greatly contribute to the prevention of global warming. In addition, urea, which is a raw material for hydrogen-rich ammonia, can be procured anywhere in the world at an extremely low cost. Therefore, it is possible to generate electricity at a low cost while contributing to environmental conservation, and its economic effect is immeasurable.

According to the invention described in claim 9 , the urea water is an aqueous solution to which an alkali catalyst mainly composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates and silicates is added. For this reason, when the hydrolysis section is heated with, for example, a high-temperature combustion gas of 800 ° C. or higher, urea is efficiently hydrolyzed in the presence of an alkali catalyst to increase ammonia production efficiency. When urea water is heated by a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas, it is thermally decomposed in the presence of an alkali catalyst as shown in equation (1). Isocyanic acid (HNCO) produced by thermal decomposition reacts with water vapor to be hydrolyzed and converted into NH ₃ and CO ₂ as shown in the formula (2). At a high temperature of 400 ° C. or higher, isocyanic acid reacts with H ₂ O and is hydrolyzed into NH ₃ and CO ₂ as shown in formula ( ₃ ). A part of ammonia is converted into 3H ₂ and N ₂ in the presence of an ammonia decomposition catalyst as shown in the formula (4) to become a part of hydrogen-rich ammonia.

水素リッチアンモニアは、燃焼室で生ずる高温燃焼ガスの熱エネルギーの一部を熱源として利用してオンデマンドで生成されるため、化石燃料に１００％依存する必要はなく、環境保全に有効な対策となる。

Hydrogen-rich ammonia is generated on demand using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber as a heat source, so it is not necessary to rely on 100% fossil fuel, and is an effective measure for environmental conservation. Become.

1 shows a block diagram of a next-generation carbon-free power generation device using a next-generation carbon-free engine incorporating a next-generation carbon-free combustor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a next-generation carbon-free combustor of the next-generation carbon-free engine in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a next generation carbon free engine incorporating a next generation carbon free combustor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, a next-generation carbon-free power generation apparatus driven by a next-generation carbon-free engine 100 incorporating a next-generation carbon-free combustor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the next-generation carbon-free power generation apparatus 10, the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 has both functions as a compressor that generates compressed air by compressing ambient air and an expander that generates power by expanding high-temperature combustion gas. A compressor / expander 11, a next-generation carbon-free (carbon-free) carbon-free combustor 13 connected to the compressor / expander 11 via a gas guide path member 12, and an output shaft 132 of the compressor / expander 11 are drivingly connected. And a generator 14.

  The compressor / expander 11 compresses the ambient air Ai sucked from the suction port 126 via the air filter AF by a compressor function to generate compressed air CA. The compressed air discharge port 130 of the compressor / expander 11 is connected to the start-accelerator accumulator SA and the main air supply line CAma via a check valve CVa and a three-way switching valve SVa. The start / acceleration accumulator SA is connected to the main air supply line CAma via the start / acceleration on-off valve AVA. The flow path of the three-way switching valve SVa is switched when the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 is under a low load, and a part of the compressed air CA is stored in the start / accelerator accumulator SA. When starting and accelerating the next-generation carbon-free engine 100, the start / acceleration on-off valve AVa is opened, and the compressed air CA is sent from the start / acceleration accumulator SA to the main air supply line CAma. The main air supply line CAma is connected to the air supply unit 50 of the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 via the three-way switching valve SVb. Further, the compressor / expander 11 has a hot gas introduction port 124 and an exhaust port 128. The hot gas introduction port 124 is connected to the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 through the gas guide path 44 a of the gas guide path member 12. The compressor / expander 11 expands the high-temperature combustion gas HPG supplied from the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 to generate power, and drives the generator 14 via the output shaft 132 to obtain a power generation output. In FIG. 1, the compressor / expander 11 is schematically illustrated, and the compressor / expander 11 is the same as the inventor of the present application, Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-290720 “Rotary Fluid Machine” or 2012. Since it has the same structure as that disclosed in Patent Application No. 2011-XXXXXX "Rotary Heat Engine and Rotary Heat Engine Driven Power Generation Device" by the same inventor as the inventor of this application on May XX Day, Detailed description is omitted.

The next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 includes a fuel supply system FSS having a urea water supply tank UWT, a urea water injection nozzle 15 to which urea water UW is supplied, an air-fuel mixture generating unit 40, an air supply unit 50, a fuel A supply unit 60 and a hydrogen-rich ammonia generator 70 are provided. The urea water injection nozzle 15 is connected to the urea water supply tank UWT via the urea water supply pump UWP and the flow rate control valve FCVu. The urea water supply tank UWT stores urea water UW containing 55 to 95%, preferably 75 to 90%, urea as a raw material for hydrogen-rich ammonia. To the urea water is added an alkali catalyst mainly composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH, Na ₂ CO ₃ , K ₂ CO ₃ , Na ₂ SiO ₃ and K ₂ SiO ₃ . When the urea concentration is 55% or less, the amount of water is too much and the thermal calories of the hydrogen-rich ammonia are small, so that a sufficient torque output cannot be obtained. This is because when the urea concentration is 95% or more, the viscosity of the urea water becomes too high, the pipe resistance of the delivery line increases, and the delivery of the urea water becomes difficult. The urea water injection nozzle 15 communicates with a hydrogen-rich ammonia generator 70 that uses a part of thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas of the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 as a heat source, and hydrolyzes urea water to generate ammonia. And part of the ammonia is converted to hydrogen and nitrogen to produce a hydrogen rich gas. The remaining ammonia and the hydrogen-rich gas are mixed to send out the hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA via the hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line 25. The hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 25 is connected to the auxiliary fuel storage tank AFT via the compressor CMP and the check valve CVf via the three-way switching valve SVc. The hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 25 is further connected to the fuel supply unit 60 of the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 via a three-way switching valve SVc and a hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 25a. The three-way switching valve SVc is switched when the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 is under a low load, and a part of the hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA is stored in the auxiliary fuel storage tank AFT. When the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 is started, the three-way switching valve SVc is switched, and hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA is sent from the auxiliary fuel storage tank AFT to the fuel supply unit 60 via the on-off valve FCVf. When the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 is under a high load, the on-off valve FCVf is opened by the controller 19 and hydrogen rich ammonia is additionally supplied to the fuel supply unit 60 from the auxiliary fuel storage tank AFT. Thus, the hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA in the auxiliary fuel storage tank AFT is used for starting the engine and for high-load operation.

  In order to suppress clogging of the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator 70 due to urea crystals when the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 is stopped, the urea water injection nozzle 15 of the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator 70 is connected to the urea-water injection nozzle 15 via a purge gas supply line CA2. It is connected to the three-way switching valve SVb. When the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 is stopped, the flow path of the three-way switching valve SVb is switched, and compressed air CA is supplied as purge gas from the urea water injection nozzle 15 to the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator 70, and the end reaction urea, residual ammonia, etc. The residual components are discharged from the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator 70 and supplied to the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 via the air-fuel mixture generator 40 for combustion.

  In FIG. 1, the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 detects the pressure of the accumulator SA and outputs a pressure signal, and detects the pressure of the high-temperature combustion gas HPG of the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 to detect the pressure signal. A pressure sensor S2 that outputs the temperature, a temperature sensor S3 that detects the operating temperature of the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 and outputs a temperature signal, and a pressure sensor that detects the pressure of the auxiliary fuel storage tank AFT and outputs a pressure signal S4, an input device 17 for inputting input parameters such as calendar data and setting input data of the next-generation carbon-free engine 100, and a controller 19.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 is made of a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel, and includes a cylindrical combustion part casing 36 disposed between the engine housing 18 and the generator 14. Prepare. The combustion part casing 36 includes an inner sleeve 37 having an inner peripheral wall 37 a having an inner diameter larger than the outer shape of the output shaft 132. The combustion section casing 36 includes a spiral combustion chamber 38 formed so as to extend from the outer periphery to the inner sleeve 37 in the plane region perpendicular to the center axis of the output shaft 132, and the spiral combustion chamber 38. Arranged at the upstream end 38a and generates an air-fuel mixture of compressed air CA and hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA, and is disposed adjacent to the air-fuel mixture generator 40 and ignites the air-fuel mixture. The high pressure gas that is formed at the flank end portion 38c of the spiral combustion chamber 38 so as to be adjacent to the inner sleeve 37 and the high temperature combustion gas HPG to the rotary heat engine 100 is formed. And an ejection port 44.

  In FIG. 2, the air-fuel mixture generating unit 40 of the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 is manufactured from a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel, and includes an air supply unit 50 including a cylindrical outer tube that functions as a compressed air flow path. And a fuel supply unit 60. A cylindrical inner tube 52 that functions as a fuel injection nozzle is manufactured from a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel, and extends concentrically with the inside of the air supply unit 50. The air supply unit 50 includes a swirl flow collision unit 54 that mixes with fuel and generates an air-fuel mixture while generating a high-speed swirl flow of compressed air. The air supply unit 50 includes an annular compressed air jet chamber 55 that functions as a compressed air flow passage, a compressed air introduction port 56 for guiding the compressed air CA into the annular compressed air jet chamber 55, and an annular compressed air jet chamber 55. And a conical high-speed flow generating portion 58 formed at the tip portion.

  The end portion of the cylindrical inner tube 52 is manufactured from a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel, and is connected to a fuel supply unit 60 to which hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA is supplied. The distal end portion of the cylindrical inner tube 52 is disposed adjacent to the high-speed flow generating portion 58 of the annular compressed air jet chamber 55 and forms a swirling flow generating portion 59 that generates a swirling flow of compressed air. A generating blade 62, a first fuel injection port 64 that opens to the conical high-speed flow generation unit 58 adjacent to each of the plurality of swirling flow generation blades 62, and a second fuel injection port 65 that opens to the swirling flow collision unit 54, And a swirl flow generating member 66 that is disposed at an intermediate portion of the cylindrical inner tube 52 and generates a swirl flow Vs for the fuel. When fuel is injected from the first fuel injection port 64 with respect to the swirling flow of the compressed air CA generated by the swirling flow generating blade 62, the compressed air CA and the fuel are made uniform by collision with the swirling flow of the compressed air CA. The mixture AFM is generated by mixing. A turbulent flow generation baffle member 67 is disposed in the spiral combustion chamber 38 at a position spaced apart from the swirling flow collision portion 54 at a predetermined interval. The turbulent flow generation baffle member 67 has a central portion in which a combustion gas ejection opening 67a is formed. A part of the high-temperature combustion gas HPG collides with the wall surface of the turbulent flow generation baffle member 67 and reverses to the swirl flow collision portion 54 side to become a reversal flow f1, which is in contact with the air-fuel mixture ejected from the swirl flow collision portion 54. Combustion is promoted.

  In FIG. 2, the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator 70 is arranged along the combustion zone 38 a of the spiral combustion chamber 38 on the radial inner side of the cylindrical combustion section casing 36, and passes through the spiral combustion chamber 38. Formed between the cylindrical combustion part casing 36 and the heat transfer member 71 at a position adjacent to the turbulent flow generation baffle member 67 and the heat transfer member 71 made of a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel. The heat generating unit 72 stores the heat energy of the high-temperature combustion gas received from the heat transfer member 71 and the evaporator 72 that generates urea water vapor injected from the urea water injection nozzle 15. Is it a commercially available stainless steel ball or ceramic ball with a diameter of 2.5 mm to 8 mm that passes through the urea water vapor while generating turbulent flow? A hydrolyzing unit 73 that incorporates a plurality of solid heat transfer bodies SB, and generates ammonia by hydrolyzing the vapor of urea water using the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas transferred to the heat transfer body SB; An ammonia decomposing unit 74 which is disposed downstream of the hydrolysis unit 73 and incorporates an ammonia decomposing catalyst ACC for decomposing a part of ammonia and converting it into nitrogen and hydrogen to generate a hydrogen rich gas. As the ammonia decomposition catalyst, for example, ammonia decomposition catalyst ST909 (ZrMnFe alloy) manufactured by SAES GETTERS, Italy, and nickel catalysts N134, N135 and N135L manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals are used. Between the evaporation part 72 and the hydrolysis part 73, it comprises an orifice 75a or the like that extends radially outward from the heat transfer member 71 and restricts the flow rate of the urea water vapor flowing from the evaporation part 72 into the hydrolysis part 73. A first flow restriction member 75 is formed. Similarly, a second flow restriction member 76 having an orifice 76 a is formed between the hydrolysis portion 73 and the ammonia decomposition portion 74, and part of the ammonia flows into the ammonia decomposition portion 74. In order to control the flow ratio of ammonia and hydrogen rich gas supplied to the hydrogen rich ammonia supply line, flow control valves (not shown) are installed in the ammonia supply line 21a and the hydrogen rich gas supply line 23a, respectively. You may make it change the opening degree of these flow control valves according to the programmed control software.

  Next, the operation of the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 incorporated in the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described.

  When the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 is started, air supply command signals CM1 and CM2 are output from the controller 19. At this time, the three-way switching valves SVa and SVb are switched, and the compressed air CA of the start / acceleration accumulator SA is supplied to the air supply unit 50 of the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 via the three-way switching valve SVb and the main air supply line CAma. Is done. On the other hand, the starting fuel supply command signal CM3 is output from the controller 19. At this time, the on-off valve FCVf is opened, and hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA is supplied from the auxiliary fuel storage tank AFT to the fuel supply unit 60 of the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13. In FIG. 2, compressed air CA and hydrogen-rich ammonia become an air-fuel mixture AFM in the air-fuel mixture generating unit 40, and are ignited by the ignition unit 42 in response to the ignition command signal CM4 to generate high-temperature combustion gas HPG. The high-temperature combustion gas HPG is discharged from the high-pressure gas discharge port 44, passes through the gas guide path 44 a of the gas guide path member 12, and is supplied to the compressor / expander 11 of the next-generation carbon-free engine 100. The hot combustion gas HPG is expanded and started.

  As is clear from FIG. 2, when the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 is started, the high-temperature combustion gas HPG that passes through the spiral combustion zone 38 a heats the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator 70. When the combustion section casing 36 reaches a predetermined temperature corresponding to the operable temperature of the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator 70, for example, 800 ° C., that is, the temperature signal output from the temperature sensor S3 is stored in the controller 19. When it coincides with the predetermined temperature, the controller 19 outputs urea water supply start command signals CM5 and CM6.

  In response to the urea water supply start command signals CM5 and CM6, the urea water supply pump UWP is started and the flow rate control valve FCVu is opened at the same time. At this time, the urea water UW is supplied from the urea water supply tank UWT to the urea water injection nozzle 15 and is sprayed to the evaporation unit 72 in a spray form. The sprayed urea water collides with the wall portion of the evaporation portion 72 and efficiently evaporates. The urea water vapor flows into the hydrolysis section 73 through the orifice 75a of the first flow restricting member 75, contacts the surfaces of the plurality of heated heat transfer bodies HTB sequentially, and efficiently in the presence of the alkali catalyst. Hydrolysis takes place and ammonia is produced. Part of the ammonia flows into the ammonia decomposition part 74 via the office 76a of the second flow restricting member 76, contacts the ammonia decomposition catalyst ACC, and generates a hydrogen rich gas HRG composed of hydrogen and nitrogen. The remaining ammonia is taken out from the ammonia outlet 21 and flows through the hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line 21a, while the hydrogen-rich gas HRG flows through the hydrogen-rich gas supply line 23a, and these two fuel components are mixed at Mxp at the junction point. The hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA is sent out via the hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line 25, and the opening degree of the three-way switching valve SVc is controlled in response to the flow control command signal CM4 of the controller 19, so that the hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA is supplied. The flow rate of the ammonia HRA is controlled and supplied to the fuel supply unit 60.

  When the operation of the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 is completed (stopped), an engine stop command signal CM6 from the controller 19 is output. Then, the urea water supply pump UWP is turned off, the flow control valve FCVu is closed, and the urea water supply to the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 is shut off. At this time, a purge command signal is output from the controller 19 for a predetermined purge period (for example, 15 seconds), and the flow control valves CV2, CV4, CV5 and CV6 are opened. When the flow rate control valve CV6 is opened, compressed air is introduced into the hydrogen rich ammonia generator 70 through the urea water injection nozzle 15 as a purge gas. For this reason, unreacted urea and residual gas of the hydrogen rich ammonia generator 70 are purged and supplied to the air-fuel mixture generating unit 40 via the hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 25 and the flow rate control valve CV2. At this time, the pump P1 is driven and the flow rate control valve CV1 and the flow rate control valve CV2 are opened to supply the hydrogen rich ammonia HRA to the mixture generation unit 40, and the mixture of the compressed air and the hydrogen rich ammonia HRA and the purge gas Are mixed, ignited and burned.

  FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a next-generation carbon-free power generation apparatus 10A driven by a next-generation carbon-free engine 100A incorporating the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 of the present invention, and shows the embodiment shown in FIGS. The same or similar components as those of the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13 will be described using the same reference numerals. The next generation carbon free engine 100A shown in FIG. 3 and the next generation carbon free engine 100 shown in FIG. 1 are different from the next generation carbon free engine 100A shown in FIG. Further, instead of the start / accelerator accumulator SA and the auxiliary fuel storage tank AFT in the next generation carbon free engine 100 shown in FIG. 1, the fuel supply system FSSA in the next generation carbon free engine 100A shown in FIG. It differs in that the system is adopted. Therefore, it demonstrates below based on said difference.

  In FIG. 3, a gas turbine engine 100A includes a compressor 200 that compresses ambient air Ai to generate compressed air CA, a next-generation carbon-free combustor 13, and a high-temperature combustion supplied from the next-generation carbon-free combustor 13. A turbine (expander) 400 operated by gas HPG and an output shaft 132 connected to the compressor 200 and the turbine 400 are provided. The compressor 200 is driven by the power generated in the turbine 400 via the output shaft 132. .

  In FIG. 3, the dual fuel system FFSA includes a urea water supply tank UWT, a carbon chamber fuel tank 600, and a fuel pump 602. As the fuel in the carbon chamber fuel tank 600, fossil fuels such as natural gas, heavy oil or kerosene, and carbonaceous fuels BF such as biomass fuel such as waste cooking oil are stored. Similar to the next-generation carbon-free engine 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, urea water is sent from the urea water supply tank UWT via the urea water supply pump UWP and the flow rate control valve FCVU, and the urea water is Ammonia and hydrogen rich gas are generated from the urea water injection nozzle 15 of the carbon-free combustor 13 into the hydrogen rich ammonia generator 70, and hydrogen rich ammonia composed of ammonia and hydrogen rich gas is taken out through the hydrogen rich ammonia supply line 25. It is. A servo motor-controlled three-way switching valve 604 is disposed between the hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line 25 and the fuel pump 602. The three-way switching valve 604 is connected to the hydrogen-rich ammonia HRA according to a fuel distribution ratio control command signal from the controller 19. The distribution ratio with the carbonaceous fuel BF is determined.

  As mentioned above, although each Example of this invention was described based on drawing, these show only one embodiment to the last, and this invention is the aspect which added the various change and improvement based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Can be implemented.

  For example, in the carbon-free combustor of the next-generation carbon-free engine of the first embodiment, the hydrolysis part and the ammonia decomposition part are shown as being housed in the heat transfer member. It may be formed and a hydrolysis part and an ammonia decomposition part may be accommodated therein. Although the hydrogen rich ammonia generator is shown as being disposed in the same plane as the combustion chamber, the combustion casing is modified so that the hydrogen rich ammonia generator is disposed on the back side of the combustion chamber. Also good. Although the combustion chamber has been described as a spiral combustion chamber, it may be changed to a toroidal shape.

  In the next-generation carbon-free engine of the first embodiment, the fuel supply system is shown as having an auxiliary fuel storage tank. However, as in the next-generation carbon-free engine of the second embodiment, the fuel supply system is replaced with an auxiliary fuel storage tank. Two fuel storage tanks may be disposed and the carbonaceous fuel supplied from the second fuel storage tank and hydrogen-rich ammonia may be modified to burn together. These fuel distribution ratios may be freely determined according to the fuel price and other conditions.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Next generation carbon free power generation apparatus; 11 ... Compressor and expander; 12 ... Gas guide passage member; 13 ... Next generation carbon free combustor; 14 ... Generator; UWT ... Urea water supply tank; SVa-SVc ... Three-way switching valve 15 ... Urea water injection nozzle; SA ... Start-up / accelerator; AFT ... Auxiliary fuel storage tank; 17 ... Input device; 19 ... Controller; 36 ... Combustion casing; 38 ... Spiral combustion chamber; 42 ... ignition part; 44 ... high pressure gas ejection port; 50 ... air supply part; 52 ... cylindrical inner tube; 54 ... swirl flow collision part; 70 ... hydrogen rich ammonia generator; 200 ... air compressor; 600 ... carbonaceous fuel tank; 604 ... three-way switching valve

Claims (9)

A combustion section casing connected to a urea water supply source that supplies urea water as a raw material for hydrogen-rich ammonia, and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air that are formed in the combustion section casing to burn the high temperature A combustion chamber for generating combustion gas, and a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas is used as a heat source to generate high-temperature ammonia gas from the urea water on demand, and a part of the high-temperature ammonia gas is converted to hydrogen and nitrogen. A hydrogen-rich ammonia generator that generates a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas; and a hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line that supplies a mixed gas of the remainder of the high-temperature ammonia gas and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas as the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia to the combustion chamber. Prepared ,
The hydrogen-rich ammonia generator is disposed in the combustion chamber and is heated by using a part of the thermal energy of the combustion gas as a heat source, and is disposed in the heat transfer member and heat of the combustion gas. A hydrolyzing unit that hydrolyzes the urea water in the presence of energy to generate the high-temperature ammonia gas; and one of the high-temperature ammonia gas that is disposed in the heat transfer member and in the presence of the thermal energy of the combustion gas. Next Generation carbon free combustor, wherein Rukoto a ammonia decomposition unit for converting the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas a part. The hydrolysis section includes a plurality of solid heat transfer bodies that are housed in the heat transfer member to form a plurality of turbulent flow generation passages and extend the residence time of the urea water in the hydrolysis section. The next-generation carbon-free combustor according to claim 1 . A carbon-free combustor that generates high-temperature combustion gas by burning high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air; a fuel supply system that includes a urea water supply source that supplies urea water as a raw material for the hydrogen-rich ammonia; and A heat engine that operates with high-temperature combustion gas and obtains power from an output shaft, and the carbon-free combustor is formed in the combustion part casing, the combustion part casing, and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air. A combustion chamber for generating the high-temperature combustion gas to generate a high-temperature ammonia gas from the urea water on demand using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source, and one of the high-temperature ammonia gas A hydrogen-rich ammonia generator for converting the part into hydrogen and nitrogen to produce a high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas, and the high-temperature ammonia The remainder of Agasu a mixed gas of the hot hydrogen-rich gas and a hydrogen-rich ammonia supply line for supplying to the combustion chamber as the hot hydrogen-rich ammonia,
The hydrogen-rich ammonia generator is disposed in the combustion chamber and is heated by using a part of the thermal energy of the combustion gas as a heat source, and is disposed in the heat transfer member and heat of the combustion gas. A hydrolyzing unit that hydrolyzes the urea water in the presence of energy to generate the high-temperature ammonia gas; and one of the high-temperature ammonia gas that is disposed in the heat transfer member and in the presence of the thermal energy of the combustion gas. Next-generation carbon free engine, wherein Rukoto a ammonia decomposition unit for converting the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas a part. A purge gas supply means connected to the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator; and an on-off valve for supplying a purge gas from the purge gas supply means to the hydrogen-rich ammonia generator and discharging residual gas when the next-generation carbon-free engine is stopped. The next-generation carbon-free engine according to claim 3, further comprising: The fuel supply system includes an auxiliary fuel storage tank that temporarily stores a part of the hydrogen-rich ammonia, and an on-off valve for supplying hydrogen-rich ammonia of the auxiliary fuel storage tank to the combustion chamber. The next-generation carbon-free engine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The fuel supply system includes a carbonaceous fuel tank provided independently of the urea water supply tank, and a flow rate control valve for supplying the carbonaceous fuel of the carbonaceous fuel tank to the combustion chamber. The next-generation carbon-free engine according to any one of claims 3 to 5. The heat engine is
A compressor that compresses air to produce the combustion air;
An output shaft coupled to the compressor;
The next-generation carbon-free engine according to claim 3, further comprising a turbine connected to the output shaft and operated by the high-temperature combustion gas from the carbon-free combustor. A carbon-free combustor that generates high-temperature combustion gas by burning high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and combustion air; a fuel supply system that includes a urea water supply source that supplies urea water as a raw material for the hydrogen-rich ammonia; and A heat engine that operates with high-temperature combustion gas and obtains power from an output shaft, and a generator that generates electric power using the power of the heat engine,
The carbon-free combustor generates the high-temperature combustion gas by burning the combustion part casing supported by the heat engine and the combustion part casing to burn the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia and the combustion air. A high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas by generating a high-temperature ammonia gas from the urea water on demand using a part of the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion gas as a heat source and converting a part of the high-temperature ammonia gas into hydrogen and nitrogen A hydrogen-rich ammonia generator that produces a hydrogen rich ammonia supply line that supplies a mixed gas of the remainder of the high-temperature ammonia gas and the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas as the high-temperature hydrogen-rich ammonia to the combustion chamber ,
The hydrogen-rich ammonia generator is disposed in the combustion chamber and is heated by using a part of the thermal energy of the combustion gas as a heat source, and is disposed in the heat transfer member and heat of the combustion gas. A hydrolyzing unit that hydrolyzes the urea water in the presence of energy to generate the high-temperature ammonia gas; and one of the high-temperature ammonia gas that is disposed in the heat transfer member and in the presence of the thermal energy of the combustion gas. Next generation carbon free power generator according to claim Rukoto a ammonia decomposition unit for converting the high-temperature hydrogen-rich gas a part. A urea water used in the next-generation carbon-free combustor according to claims 1 and 2, the next-generation carbon-free engine according to claims 3 to 7, and the next-generation carbon-free power generation device according to claim 8 , wherein the urea water A urea water characterized in that the water comprises an alkali catalyst solution mainly comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates and silicates, urea, and water.

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