JP2013248942A - Ship and cargo handling method of ship - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ship and a cargo handling method of the ship, configured to simplify a hatch structure, reduce fixed piping, reduce weight, reduce cost, reduce the number of equipment, reduce the labor for maintenance, and facilitate manufacture, on the whole of the ship.SOLUTION: A ship 1 is configured to cover upper opening parts of cargo storehouses 10a-10g arranged in line in the longitudinal direction of a hull with hatch covers 24p, 24s, and 34. A horizontally moving first hatch structure 20 is arranged in some cargo storehouses 10a, 10d, 10g which is opened by moving hatch covers 24p and 24s to the side of the opening part. A longitudinally moving second hatch structure 30 is arranged in the residual cargo storehouses 10b, 10c, 10e and 10f which is opened by moving a hatch cover 34 toward the adjacent cargo storehouse from above the opening parts of the cargo storehouses 10b, 10c, 10e and 10f without superposing in the vertical direction on the other hatch covers 24p, 24s and 34.

Description

  The present invention has a cargo hold group that is lined up in the longitudinal direction of the hull, and is provided with an opening at the top of each cargo hold of the cargo hold group, and the opening is covered with a hatch cover. The present invention relates to a ship that has been devised in the direction of movement of a hatch cover and a ship handling method.

  Depending on the ship such as a bulk carrier, there is a case where both the loading and unloading are performed by using the land handling equipment provided on the harbor side without installing the cargo handling device on the ship. In these vessels, in order to increase the handling efficiency, an opening is provided at the top of each cargo hold, and bulk cargo is loaded into the cargo hold from this opening, and bulk cargo is lifted from this opening. doing.

  A hatch combing is provided around the opening, and a hatch cover (kura palate) covering the hatch combing is provided. And at the time of cargo handling, it moves horizontally on hatching combing, or it folds to the edge of hatching combing, and opens an opening part. In addition, the opening is covered with a hatch cover to prevent rainwater and seawater from entering the cargo hold before cargo handling, after cargo handling is completed, or during voyage.

  There are a variety of methods for opening and closing the hatch cover, and examples include a double-side opening in the heel side, a single opening, a stacking method (piggyback), and a winding method. In addition, there are various driving methods for supplying a driving force for opening and closing. For this reason, many hatch structures have been developed. This hatch structure is determined based mainly on the size of the ship and the purpose of cargo handling.

  For example, there are examples as shown in FIGS. In the example of the ship 1X shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, a double-hatch hatch cover opening / closing method (side rolling method) hatch structure 20 that moves in the ship side direction on the exposed deck 6 is employed. In this method, each hatch cover 24s, 24p requires a pair of driving methods, and it is necessary to equip all the cargo holds 10a to 10g with necessary parts such as a fixed pipe and a control device.

  Further, in an endrolling type hatch cover device for a ship, one hatch adjacent to the hatch opening is formed by changing the hatch combing height of the adjacent hatch opening and storing the hatch cover before or after the hatch opening. There has been proposed a hatch cover that stores the hatch cover that covers the opening under the hatch cover that covers the other hatch opening (see, for example, Patent Document 1). With this hatch structure, the hatch opening can be made relatively large, but there is a problem that the configuration becomes complicated because the hatch cover is stored in an overlapping manner.

  However, these various hatch structures require a hydraulic device for the driving device that opens and closes the hatch cover, a control device, a fixed piping device for hydraulic pressure, etc. There was a problem that there were many points and a lot of labor in maintenance. The complexity of the hatch structure, particularly the hatch cover opening / closing device, has had a great influence on the weight, the price, the level of technology required for manufacturing, and the like.

JP-A-2005-231568

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described situation. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hatch as a whole ship by combining a laterally movable type and a longitudinally movable type of opening / closing method of a cargo hold hatch cover. It is to provide a ship and a ship handling method that can contribute to simplification of structure, reduction of fixed piping, reduction of weight, low cost, reduction of the number of equipment parts, labor saving of maintenance, ease of manufacture, etc. .

  The ship of the present invention for achieving the above object has a cargo hold group arranged in the longitudinal direction of the hull, and an opening is provided in the upper part of each cargo hold of the cargo hold group. In a ship configured to be covered with a hatch cover, the cargo hold in which a first laterally moving type hatch structure that moves the hatch cover to the side of the opening to open the opening is disposed, and the hatch A second hatch structure of a longitudinally movable type that moves the cover from the opening of the cargo hold to the adjacent cargo hold without opening the opening in the vertical direction without overlapping the cover with other hatch covers in the vertical direction. The cargo hold is disposed and configured.

  According to this configuration, the cargo hatch in which the first hatch structure configured by the laterally movable hatch cover opening / closing mechanism is provided as a place for the moving hatch cover to open the opening of the cargo hold during cargo handling. As a result, there is no need for a hatch cover storage area in the cargo hold in which the second hatch structure composed of a longitudinally moving type hatch cover opening / closing mechanism is provided. Handling efficiency can be improved.

  In the above-described ship, the first hatch structure may be disposed in one or some of the foremost cargo hold, the last cargo hold, or the central cargo hold of the cargo hold group. If the second hatch structure is disposed in the remaining cargo hold where the first hatch structure is not provided, and there is one cargo hold of the first hatch structure, the opening of the cargo hold is When opening the portion, the movement of the hatch cover having the second hatch structure in the front-rear direction can be simplified.

  In addition, when there are two cargo holds of the first hatch structure, it is possible to avoid these cargo holds of the first hatch structure being adjacent to each other, and when opening the opening of the cargo hold, It is possible to simplify the movement of the hatch cover in the front-rear direction and to make two cargo holds open at the same time. Furthermore, when the first hatch structure is disposed in the foremost cargo hold and the rearmost cargo hold, cargo handling can be performed simultaneously in the cargo holds separated from each other.

  In addition, when there are three cargo holds of the first hatch structure, it is possible to avoid these cargo holds of the first hatch structure being adjacent to each other, and when opening the opening of the cargo hold, The movement of the hatch cover in the front-rear direction can be simplified, and three cargo holds can be opened simultaneously. The number of cargo holds of the first hatch structure is the number of cargo holds that can be opened at the same time, so it has a close relationship with the number of land-side cargo handling facilities on the port side where the ship calls. Determined in consideration of cargo handling work at the port of call.

  In the above-mentioned ship, the second hatch structure is configured by adopting a pontoon method in which the hatch cover moving rails of the left and right hatch coaming are continuously passed through and the hatch cover is movable in the front-rear direction on the combing. As a result, a simple pontoon method is adopted, which is easy in terms of structure and manufacturing, so that the structure becomes relatively simple. The first hatch structure can be constituted by a double-opening type or a single-opening hatch cover opening / closing mechanism.

  In the above-described ship, when the moving device for the hatch cover in the first hatch structure is configured to be used as a moving device for moving the hatch cover in the second hatch structure, the driving power is shared, Since the number of moving devices used for moving the hatch cover in the second hatch structure can be reduced, the number of driving forces, the length of the hydraulic fixed piping for driving, the number of parts, the amount of hydraulic oil, weight, price, and maintenance can be reduced. Can be reduced.

  In the above-described ship, when the mooring machine installed in the ship is configured to be used as a moving device used for moving at least one hatch cover in the first hatch structure and the second hatch structure, Since power can be shared and the number of moving devices used for moving the hatch cover in the second hatch structure can be reduced, the number of driving forces, the length of hydraulic fixed piping for driving, the number of parts, the amount of hydraulic oil, Weight, price and maintenance can be reduced.

  The ship handling method of the present invention for achieving the above object is a ship handling method in the ship described above, wherein the opening of the opening of the cargo hold in which the first hatch structure is disposed, The hatch cover that covers the opening is moved to the side of the opening, and the opening of the opening of the cargo hold in which the second hatch structure is disposed is different from the hatch cover that covers the opening. It is a method characterized in that it is carried out by moving from above the opening to the adjacent cargo hold without overlapping the hatch cover in the vertical direction.

  According to this method, the same number of cargo hold openings as the number of cargo holds provided with the first hatch structure can be opened during cargo handling, and the hatch cover of the cargo hold provided with the second hatch structure is also provided. By simply moving in the front-rear direction, the openings can be opened sequentially, and a large opening can be efficiently handled.

  According to the ship and the ship handling method of the present invention, the laterally movable first hatch structure that moves the hatch cover to the side of the opening, and the front and rear without overlapping the hatch cover with other hatch covers in the vertical direction. By introducing both of the two open / close hatch structures of the second hatch structure of the front / rear direction moving type that moves in the direction, the location of the moving hatch cover for opening the opening of the cargo hold at the time of cargo handling is Only the cargo hold with the first hatch structure is required, and the hatch cover location of the cargo hold with the second hatch structure is no longer required. Can be improved.

It is a side view which shows the structure of the ship in 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the ship of FIG. It is a X1-X1 arrow view of FIG. FIG. 2 is an X2-X2 arrow view of FIG. 1. It is a top view which shows the 1st step of the opening state of the opening part of the cargo hold in the ship in 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows the 2nd step of the opening state of the opening part of the cargo hold in the ship in 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows the 3rd step of the opening state of the opening part of the cargo hold in the ship in 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the ship in 2nd Embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the ship in 3rd Embodiment based on this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the ship in 4th Embodiment based on this invention. It is a side view which shows the structure of the ship of a prior art. It is a top view which shows the structure of the ship of FIG. It is a XX arrow line view of FIG.

  Hereinafter, a ship and a ship handling method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1-4, the ship 1 of 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention has the double bottom which has the ship bottom outer plate 2 and the inner bottom plate 3 in the ship bottom part, and forms the space 4. As shown in FIG. It has a ship side outer plate 5 on the side surface and an upper deck 6 on the upper surface. In addition, the transverse bulkhead 7 divides in the front-rear direction, and has an engine room 8 and an upper structure 9 above the engine room 8 at the rear of the hull, and cargo holds 10a to 10g (hereinafter referred to as cargo) on the front side of the engine room 8. In the case where the warehouse is not individually distinguished, the reference number is 10).

  These cargo holds 10a to 10g (seven cargo holds in FIGS. 1 and 2) form a cargo hold group that is lined up in the longitudinal direction of the hull. Among the cargo holds 10a to 10g of this cargo hold group, in the ship 1 of the first embodiment, the front cargo hold 10a, the central cargo hold 10d, and the last cargo hold 10g, A laterally movable first hatch structure 20 is provided and configured, and the remaining four cargo holds 10b, 10c, 10e, and 10f are configured by providing a longitudinally movable second hatch structure 30. To do.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first hatch structure 20 is provided with a hatch combing 22 around the opening 21, and extends laterally at the upper end of the hatch combing 22 before and after the opening 21. A rail 23 for moving the hatch covers 24p, 24s is provided.

  With this configuration, the hatch covers 24p and 24s can move on the rail 23 and be disposed on the side of the opening 21 from the top of the hatch coaming 22 at the time of cargo handling, whereby the opening 21 can be opened. Further, when the cargo holds 10a, 10d, and 10g are sealed before cargo handling, after cargo handling, during voyage, the hatch covers 24p and 24s move on the rail 23 and are arranged on the hatch combing 22 from the side of the opening 21. Thus, the opening 21 can be closed. The first hatch structure 20 can be formed by a well-known double-opening type or single-opening type (double-opening in FIGS. 1 to 3) hatch cover opening / closing mechanism.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the second hatch structure 30 is provided with a hatch combing 32 around the opening 31, and the hatches of the front and rear cargo holds 10 at the upper ends of the left and right hatch combing 32 of the opening 31. A rail 33 for moving the hatch cover 34 is provided to extend to the upper end of the combing 22 or 32, respectively. The rails 33 are formed not only between the second hatch structures 30 but also on the hatch combing 22 of the first hatch structure 20. That is, the rail 33 is vertically passed from the frontmost cargo hold 10a to the rearmost cargo hold 10g.

  In other words, the second hatch structure 30 is configured by adopting a pontoon method that allows the hatch cover 34 to be moved in the front-rear direction by the rail 33 at the upper end of the hatch combing 32. This structure can be constituted by a well-known pontoon type hatch cover opening / closing mechanism, and is relatively simple in structure and easy to manufacture.

  With this configuration, during cargo handling, the hatch cover 34 moves on the rail 33 and does not overlap with the other hatch covers 24p, 24s, 34 in the vertical direction, so that the opening of the cargo hold 10 adjacent from above the opening 31 is opened. 21 or 31 so that the opening 31 can be opened.

  The hatch cover 34 of the second hatch structure 30 can be opened by moving to the front and rear of the opening 31 of the cargo hold 10 to be opened and completely removing the opening 31. If the hatch cover 34 is placed so that a part or all of the hatch cover 34 covers between the opening 21 or 31 of the cargo hold 10 adjacent to 31, an additional fixing device for this temporary placement is required. Therefore, it is preferable to place it in complete agreement on the opening 21 or 31 of the cargo hold 10 that has already been opened.

  Further, when the cargo holds 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f are sealed before or after cargo handling or during voyage, the hatch cover 34 moves on the rail 33 from the openings 21, 31 placed during cargo handling. It arrange | positions on the opening part 31 of the original cargo hold 10, and closes the opening part 31 by this.

  With this configuration, the cargo hold groups 10a to 10g are arranged in the front-rear direction of the hull, and openings 21 and 31 are provided in the upper portions of the cargo holds 10 of the cargo hold groups 10a to 10g. , 31 is covered with hatch covers 24p, 24s, 34, and the laterally movable first hatch structure in which the hatch covers 24p, 24s are moved to the side of the opening 21 to open the opening 21 is provided. Cargo hold 10a, 10d, 10g in which 20 is disposed, and the second hatch structure of the longitudinal movement type in which the hatch cover 34 is moved over the openings 21 and 31 of the adjacent cargo hold 10 to open the openings 31. The cargo hold 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f provided with 30 can be provided.

  Moreover, when it avoids that the cargo holds 10a, 10d, and 10g of the 1st hatch structure 20 mutually adjoin, when opening the opening parts 21 and 31 of the cargo hold 10, before and behind the hatch cover 34 of the 2nd hatch structure 30 This is preferable because movement in the direction can be simplified. Moreover, since the cargo holds opened at the same time can be made three, cargo can be efficiently handled.

  In addition, a moving device (not shown) of the hatch covers 24p, 24s in the first hatch structure 20 or a mooring machine (not shown) installed in the ship is used as a hatch in the lateral movement type first hatch structure 20. It is preferably configured to be used as a moving device that is used for one or both of the movement of the cover 24 and the movement of the hatch cover 34 in the second hatch structure 30 of the longitudinal movement type. As a result, the driving power can be made common and the number of moving devices used for moving the hatch cover 34 in the second hatch structure 30 can be reduced, so that the number of driving forces, the length of the hydraulic fixed piping for driving, parts Points, hydraulic oil volume, weight, price, and maintenance can be reduced.

  A ship handling method for the ship 1 configured as described above will be described. In this ship handling method, the opening of the opening 21 of the cargo holds 10 a, 10 d, and 10 g in which the first hatch structure 20 is disposed has hatch covers 24 p and 24 s that cover the opening 21 beside the opening 21. The opening of the opening 31 of the cargo hold 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f that is moved and disposed with the second hatch structure 30 is already provided with the hatch cover 34 that covers the opening 31 and the hatch cover 24p, 24s or 34. This is done by moving over the adjacent opening 21 or 31 that has been moved and opened.

  According to this method, it is possible to simultaneously open the openings 21 and 31 of the cargo hold 10 as many as the number of the cargo holds 10a, 10d, and 10g in which the first hatch structure 20 is disposed during cargo handling. The hatch covers 34 of the cargo holds 10b, 10c, 10e, and 10f provided with the structure 30 can also be opened sequentially by simply moving in the front-rear direction, more preferably on the adjacent opening 21 or 31. The large openings 21 and 31 enable efficient cargo handling.

  For example, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, when the hatch covers 24 p and 24 s of the cargo holds 10 a, 10 d, and 10 g provided with the first hatch structure 20 are laterally moved from the fully closed state of FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the opening 21 of these cargo holds 10a, 10d, and 10g can be opened.

  Next, from the state of FIG. 5, the hatch cover 34 of the second cargo hold 10b from the front among the cargo holds 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f in which the second hatch structure 30 is disposed is opened to the front cargo hold 10a. The hatch cover 34 of the third cargo hold 10c from the front is placed on the portion 21, the hatch cover 34 of the sixth cargo hold 10f from the front is placed on the opening 21 of the rear central cargo hold 10d, and the rear It moves over the opening 21 of the last cargo hold 10g. Thereby, these cargo holds 10b, 10c, and 10f can be opened.

  Further, from the state of FIG. 6, the hatch cover 34 of the fifth cargo hold 10e from the front among the cargo holds 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f in which the second hatch structure 30 is disposed is opened to the rear cargo hold 10f. Move over 31. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 7, this cargo hold 10e can be opened. Note that the order of movement of the hatch cover 34 after FIG. 5 is an example, and several orders are conceivable. This opening order is appropriately set according to the cargo handling order.

  According to the ship 1 and the ship handling method having the above-described configuration, the place where the hatch covers 24p, 24s, 34 that move to open the openings 21, 31 of the cargo hold 10 during loading are placed in a laterally movable type. Only the cargo holds 10a, 10d, and 10g having the first hatch structure 20 constituted by the hatch cover opening / closing mechanism are required, and the second hatch structure 30 constituted by the longitudinally moving type hatch cover opening / closing mechanism and the like is provided. Since the place where the hatch covers 34 of the cargo holds 10b, 10c, 10e, and 10f are placed becomes unnecessary, the openings 21 and 31 of the cargo hold 10 can be made larger, and the cargo handling efficiency can be improved.

  And by combining hatch cover opening and closing methods for cargo holds, the overall structure of the ship is simplified, the fixed piping is reduced, the weight is reduced, the cost is reduced, the number of equipment parts is reduced, and maintenance is saved. It can contribute to the manufacturing and the ease of manufacturing.

  Next, ships 1A, 1B, and 1C according to second to fourth embodiments of the present invention will be described. Ships 1A, 1B, and 1C according to the second to fourth embodiments are configured in the same manner except that the following structure is different from ship 1 according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the ship 1A according to the second embodiment includes two cargo holds 10a to 10g in the cargo hold group, that is, a front hold 10a and a last hold 10g. The laterally movable first hatch structure 20 is arranged, and the remaining cargo holds 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, and 10f are provided with a second hatch structure 30 that is movable in the front-rear direction. Configure.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the ship 1B according to the third embodiment has two cargo holds 10a to 10g in the cargo hold group, that is, the foremost hold 10a and the central hold 10d. In addition, a laterally movable type first hatch structure 20 is provided, and the remaining cargo holds 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f, and 10g are provided with a longitudinally movable type second hatch structure 30. Configure.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the ship 1C according to the fourth embodiment includes two cargo holds 10a to 10g in the cargo hold group, that is, the central hold 10d and the last hold 10g. In addition, a laterally movable first hatch structure 20 is provided, and the remaining cargo holds 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, and 10f are provided with a forward / backwardly movable second hatch structure 30. Configure.

  When there are two cargo holds 10a, 10g (or 10a, 10d or 10d, 10g) of the first hatch structure 20, there are two cargo holds 10 opened simultaneously, and the cargo of the first hatch structure 20 It is possible to avoid the storages 10a, 10g (or 10a, 10d or 10d, 10g) from being adjacent to each other, and when opening the openings 21, 31 of the cargo storage 10, the front-rear direction of the hatch cover 34 of the second hatch structure 30 The movement in can be simplified as compared with the ship 1 of the first embodiment. Furthermore, in the case of the ship 1A according to the second embodiment in which the first hatch structure 20 is disposed in the foremost cargo hold 10a and the rearmost cargo hold 10g, the cargo holds 10a and 10g separated from each other can be simultaneously loaded. Will be able to do.

  In addition, although not shown in figure, the ship of 5th Embodiment which concerns on this invention is a horizontal movement type | mold only to one of the cargo holds 10a of the foremost part among each cargo holds 10a-10g of this cargo hold group. The first hatch structure 20 is arranged, and the remaining cargo holds 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f, and 10g are arranged by arranging a second hatch structure 30 that is movable in the front-rear direction. In the ship according to the sixth embodiment, the laterally movable first hatch structure 20 is arranged in only one of the cargo holds 10d in the center among the cargo holds 10a to 10g of the cargo hold group. The remaining cargo holds 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f, and 10g are configured by arranging a second hatch structure 30 that is movable in the front-rear direction, and the ship of the seventh embodiment is One of the last cargo holds 10g among the cargo holds 10a to 10g of this cargo hold group For example, a laterally movable type first hatch structure 20 is arranged, and the remaining cargo holds 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, and 10f are provided with a longitudinally movable type second hatch structure 30. Arranged and configured.

  The boats of the fifth to seventh embodiments are configured in the same manner except that the above configuration is different from the boat 1 of the first embodiment.

  In the case of the fifth to seventh embodiments in which there is one cargo hold 10a (or 10d or 10g) of the first hatch structure 20, when opening the openings 21, 31 of the cargo hold 10, The movement of the hatch cover 34 of the second hatch structure 30 in the front-rear direction can be greatly simplified.

  Note that the number of cargo holds 10 of the first hatch structure 20 is the number of cargo holds 10 that can be opened at the same time, and therefore has a close relationship with the number of land-side cargo handling facilities on the port side where the ship calls. This will be determined in consideration of the cargo handling work at the port of call of the ship.

  The ship of the present invention and the ship handling method of the present invention include a horizontal movement type and a longitudinal movement type of a cargo cover hatch cover opening / closing method, thereby simplifying the hatch structure as a whole ship and reducing fixed piping. Can be used as a cargo handling method for many ships such as bulk cargo ships and the like.

1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1X Ship 10, 10a-10g Cargo hold 20 First hatch structure (lateral movement type)
21 opening 22 hatch combing 23 rail (ship width direction)
24p, 24s hatch cover 30 2nd hatch structure (moving forward and backward)
31 opening 32 hatch combing 33 rail (front-rear direction)
34 Hatch cover

Claims (6)

In a ship having a cargo hold group arranged in the front-rear direction of the hull, provided with an opening at the top of each cargo hold of the cargo hold group, and configured to cover the opening with a hatch cover,
The cargo hold in which the first hatch structure of a lateral movement type that moves the hatch cover to the side of the opening and opens the opening is disposed,
A forward / backward moving type second hatch that moves from the opening of the cargo hold to the adjacent cargo hold and opens the opening without overlapping the hatch cover vertically with another hatch cover. A ship comprising the cargo hold provided with a structure.   The first hatch structure is arranged in one of the frontmost cargo hold, the rearmost cargo hold, or the central cargo hold of the cargo hold group, or some of them, and the first hatch structure The ship according to claim 1, wherein the second cargo structure is arranged in the remaining cargo hold where no hatch structure is arranged.   The second hatch structure is configured by adopting a pontoon system in which the hatch cover moving rails of the left and right hatch coaming are continuously passed through and the hatch cover is movable in the front-rear direction on the combing. The ship according to claim 1 or 2.   The moving apparatus for moving the hatch cover in the first hatch structure is configured to be used as a moving apparatus for moving the hatch cover in the second hatch structure. The ship according to item 1.   The mooring machine installed in the ship is configured to be used as a moving device used for moving at least one of the hatch covers in the first hatch structure and the second hatch structure. The ship of any one of 1-3. A ship handling method for a ship according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The opening of the opening of the cargo hold where the first hatch structure is disposed is performed by moving a hatch cover covering the opening to the side of the opening,
The opening of the opening of the cargo hold in which the second hatch structure is disposed is such that the cargo adjacent to the opening is overlaid without overlapping a hatch cover that covers the opening vertically with another hatch cover. Ship loading and unloading method characterized by moving to the warehouse side.

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