JP2013247101A - Hybrid battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery having an excellent total performance at low cost.SOLUTION: In a hybrid battery 1, lead dioxide plates 11 to be positive electrode plates and lead plates 12 to be negative electrode plates, which are respectively connected with wires 190 and 180, are immersed in an electrolyte 100 in a state that they are aligned alternately. A capacitor cell 10 is configured by a unit obtained by making a pair of adjacent positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate and interposing a dielectric body or an electrolyte therebetween. A plurality of capacitor cells 10 are arranged so that each positive electrode plate and each negative electrode plate are aligned to be opposed to each other. Each positive electrode plate and each negative electrode plate opposed to each other configure a battery cell 50 together with the intermediate electrolyte 100.

Description

  The present invention relates to a hybrid battery obtained by fusing a battery and a capacitor.

In recent years, fuel efficiency regulations have been announced in the US to double the average fuel economy (km / l) of passenger cars in the future, and the EU has also announced a proposed regulation to reduce CO ² emissions to 120 g / km or less by 2015. Te, it has been required to be improved 23.5% with respect to the actual 2004 fuel consumption of passenger cars in 2015 in Japan, in the worldwide trend that CO ² emission regulations and fuel consumption regulations of the car is enhanced. Therefore, in the Japanese automobile industry, there is an urgent need to develop an environmentally-friendly vehicle that can improve such fuel consumption and CO ² emissions.

  HV (hybrid vehicle) and EV (electric vehicle) are well known as such environmentally-friendly vehicles, but as their electricity storage devices, nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries having higher energy density and output density than lead storage batteries. Batteries are adopted. However, nickel metal hydride batteries are inferior in battery capacity compared to lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion secondary batteries are considered inferior in safety compared to nickel metal hydride batteries, and both require a long time to charge. Currently, there are advantages and disadvantages. In addition to the high cost of materials, such power storage devices are costly compared to lead-acid batteries because it is necessary to take safety measures, making it difficult to reduce vehicle prices.

  Therefore, it is unrealistic to make most of the production vehicles HV or EV, and various fuel consumption improvement technologies are currently being studied for existing gasoline engine vehicles. For example, an idling stop technique for stopping the engine while waiting for a signal has been spreading in recent years, and some have realized fuel efficiency performance close to HV. In this case, the electricity storage device is a lead-acid battery, but even when idling is stopped, in-vehicle electronic devices and air conditioners are operating, and rapid discharge due to cranking is repeated every time the engine is stopped. Since the capacity is likely to be reduced and the battery is likely to be in an overdischarged state, and the charging performance of regenerative power during braking is insufficient, the rapid charging / discharging performance and the improvement of durability are major issues.

  Such lead-acid batteries are an old technology that has been developed for more than 100 years, but are still in the mainstream position for vehicles due to their low cost and high reliability. However, although the theoretical energy density of the lead storage battery is 167 Wh / kg, which is larger than 150 Wh / kg of the lithium ion secondary battery, it cannot be mainstream for vehicle power. Lead-acid batteries are also widely used as power storage devices in the fields of solar power generation and wind power generation, but even in power generation using this natural energy, the output level is stable depending on the amount of sunlight and air volume that change from moment to moment. Therefore, rapid charge / discharge performance that can sufficiently absorb the fluctuation is required, and durability that can withstand long-term use is also required.

  Therefore, if lead-acid batteries that are inexpensive and excellent in safety and reliability can greatly improve rapid charge / discharge performance and durability, at least part of nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries used in vehicles can be substituted. It will be possible and will be extremely advantageous in terms of cost, and will be able to fully meet the demands for idling stop technology and renewable energy power generation.

  Therefore, in Japanese Translation of PCT International Publication No. 2007-506230, charge / discharge of high current is performed by providing a capacitor negative electrode in addition to a lead-based negative electrode and a lead dioxide-based positive electrode to constitute a lead storage battery portion and an asymmetric capacitor portion. In the meantime, lead storage batteries have been proposed in which asymmetric capacitors are used to preferentially accept and release charges. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-210636 also proposes a lead storage battery in which a capacitor layer is formed on a part of one surface of each of a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, and charges are stored in each capacitor layer.

  Thus, by providing a part for storing electric charge in the lead storage battery as in the case of the capacitor, this part has a lower internal resistance than the battery electrode part, so that high current charging / discharging is preferentially performed. Therefore, in addition to improving the charge / discharge performance, the burden on the battery portion is reduced and the durability as a battery is also improved by about 3 to 4 times.

  However, in such a hybrid lead-acid battery, the inner part of the pair of electrodes is not sealed like the actual capacitor, and the inside of the capacitor is exposed to the battery fluid, so that the complete storage is complete. It is in a state where it is difficult to exhibit the same durability as a capacitor. In addition, since the area of the capacitor where charges are stored is small compared to the area of the positive and negative electrodes, the contribution ratio of the capacitor function to the total capacity is very small. Can not be expected to improve significantly. Therefore, the improvement of the overall performance as a battery is not so large as a whole, and the present situation is that the response to the above request has not been sufficiently achieved.

Special table 2007-506230 gazette JP 2008-210636 A

  The present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery having excellent overall performance at a low cost.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a battery in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate connected to a conductor are alternately immersed in an electrolyte solution, and adjacent positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates form a pair between the dielectric plates. Alternatively, a capacitor cell is constituted by a unit formed by sandwiching an electrolyte, and a plurality of the capacitor cells are arranged so that a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate face each other, and the opposite positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate together with an intermediate electrolyte Each of the battery cells constitutes a hybrid battery.

  In this way, a capacitor cell is configured by pairing alternately arranged positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates, and a battery cell is configured by a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate which are opposed surfaces of a plurality of arranged capacitor cells. The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate can ensure a large proportion of the portion that stores the charge with the capacitor relative to the portion constituting the battery, and the pair of positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate form a complete capacitor cell and face each other. Since the battery cell is completely formed by the electrolyte solution between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, excellent charge / discharge performance and durability can be realized while fully exhibiting both functions of the battery and the capacitor (conventional The combination of a capacitor and a battery requires a complicated tuning circuit, and it is not easy to adjust the capacitor and battery between each electrode).

  Moreover, in this hybrid battery, the positive and negative electrodes facing each other are combined with different metals having a potential difference, for example, a combination of metals with different ionization tendencies such as Mg> Al> Zn> Cu. It will be possible to demonstrate the functions of. In this case, the combination of the different metals is any one of lead dioxide and lead, copper or copper alloy and aluminum or aluminum alloy, so that both battery performance and capacitor performance are excellent at low cost.

  In the hybrid battery described above, if the capacitor cell and the battery cell are characterized by using a common electrolyte solution, it is advantageous in terms of cost.

  Furthermore, in the hybrid battery described above, if the capacitor cell is characterized in that the portion sandwiched between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is characterized in that the inner side excluding the outer peripheral surface is sealed against the electrolyte solution, It is possible to avoid deterioration and deterioration of the capacitor function due to the inside of the capacitor cell being opened to the electrolyte side.

  Furthermore, in the hybrid battery described above, if the capacitor cell is formed into a film capacitor by sandwiching a thin film sheet-like dielectric material between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, Thus, it is possible to secure a sufficient portion for storing charges without excessively thickening the capacitor cell, and the device can be easily made compact.

  In this case, the sheet-like dielectric is folded between the sheet-like electrode extended from the positive electrode plate and the sheet-like electrode extended from the negative electrode plate in a bellows shape together with both the sheet-like electrodes. If it is characterized by being sandwiched between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, the area of the charge storage part can be further increased while maintaining compactness, and the ratio of the capacitor capacity to the battery capacity Adjustment (for example, 2: 8 to 3: 7) can be performed.

  In addition, in the hybrid battery described above, if the dielectric is characterized in that the main component is barium titanate, a high energy density can be easily achieved as an electricity storage device.

  In addition, in the hybrid battery described above, if the capacitor cell constitutes an electric double layer capacitor, it is easy to ensure high capacitance and achieve high energy efficiency. Become.

  In addition, in the hybrid battery described above, the activated carbon layer is formed at least on the inner surface side of the negative electrode plate and the outer surface side of the positive electrode plate, or on both inner surface sides of the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate. As a result, while maintaining a large specific surface area with its pore structure and realizing a high capacitance, it exhibits a high heat dissipation function with its low thermal resistance and excellent charge and discharge with its low electrical resistance The performance can be demonstrated. In this case, if the activated carbon layer is made of a nanocarbon material, the capacitor performance can be further improved, and the power storage device can be further improved in overall performance. In addition, it is known that about 7 times the capacity can be obtained by acid-treating multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

  In the hybrid battery described above, the plurality of capacitor cells are arranged in a predetermined shape in an electrolytic solution tank so as to be radially in plan view with respect to the central axis and at the same interval. If the number of capacitor cells and the number of battery cells are the same, the arrangement of both ends on the permutation is not configured. Incomplete portions are not formed as in the case of both end sides, and high battery performance is easily exhibited as a whole.

  According to the present invention, the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate constitute a capacitor cell, and the battery cell is constituted by the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate which are opposed surfaces of a plurality of capacitor cells arranged according to the present invention. The battery can be made excellent.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the hybrid battery of 1st Embodiment in this invention. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-section which shows the detailed structure of the capacitor cell of the hybrid battery of FIG. (A) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the application example of the hybrid battery of FIG. 1, (B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the application example of (A). (A) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the other application example of the hybrid battery of FIG. 3, (B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the application example of (A). (A) And (B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the hybrid battery of 2nd Embodiment in this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the hybrid battery of 3rd Embodiment in this invention. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of another application example regarding the configuration of the capacitor cell in the hybrid battery of FIG. 1, in which (A) shows a state in which the dielectric portion is folded, and (B) shows a state in which the dielectric portion is expanded. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the state which expanded the dielectric material part which shows the application example of the capacitor cell of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the state which expanded the dielectric material part which shows the further application example of the capacitor cell of FIG. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the application example regarding arrangement | positioning of the capacitor cell in the hybrid battery of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows an example which made the electrode plate and the capacitor cell thin as much as possible.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present invention, the capacitor is not limited to the electric double layer capacitor and is synonymous with a capacitor as an electronic component capable of storing electric charge.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a simplified configuration of a hybrid battery 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The hybrid battery 1 is mainly assumed to be an in-vehicle power storage device, but can be used for other purposes such as a power storage device for solar power generation or wind power generation. Further, for the convenience of illustration, the total number of positive and negative electrode plates is eight, but in reality, there are almost more cases than this.

  Such a hybrid battery 1 is connected to wirings 190 and 180 connected to terminals 19 and 18, respectively, and leads plates 11, 11, 11, and 11 serving as positive electrodes and lead plates 12, 12, 12, and 12 serving as negative electrodes. Are immersed in a battery solution (sulfuric acid electrolyte) 100 stored in the casing 6 in an alternately arranged state, and the adjacent lead dioxide plate 11 and lead plate 12 form a pair, as shown in FIG. As described above, each of the capacitor cells 10 is composed of a unit in which the electrolyte 200 and the separator 16 are sandwiched therebetween, and between the capacitor cells 10, 10, 10, and 10, the lead dioxide plate (positive electrode) 11 and the lead plate (negative electrode). ) 12 are opposed to each other to form the battery cell 50 with the intermediate battery liquid 100, which is a characteristic part of the present invention.

  That is, each of the capacitor cells 10 is constituted by a pair of alternately arranged positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates, and each of the battery cells 50 is formed by a combination of a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate facing each other between the plurality of capacitor cells 10, 10. Since these are complete capacitor cells and battery cells, both battery and capacitor functions are fully demonstrated, and excellent charge / discharge performance (short charge time, high output density) And excellent durability (maintenance of capacitor performance and battery performance).

  In addition, the area of the part functioning as an electrode in the battery (the outer surface part where the electrode is exposed to the battery solution 100) and the area of the capacitor where the electric charge is accumulated (the inner surface part of the electrode of the capacitor cell 10) are substantially equal. In addition, since the ratio of the portion that accumulates charges is much larger than that of the conventional example, the balance between the battery function and the capacitor function is improved compared to the conventional example.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the electric double layer capacitor is configured by sandwiching the electrolyte 200 and the separator 16 between the lead dioxide plate 11 serving as the positive electrode and the lead plate 12 serving as the negative electrode in the capacitor cell 10, and has a large electrostatic capacity. High power density is achieved. In addition, since the inner side excluding the outer peripheral surface of the portion sandwiched between the lead dioxide plate 11 and the lead plate 12 is sealed with respect to the battery fluid 100 by sealing the outer peripheral portion with the sealing material 15, the electrolyte is contained inside. A complete electric double layer capacitor 200 is sealed, and it is possible to avoid deterioration and deterioration of the function as a capacitor.

  Note that the lead dioxide plate 11 and the lead plate 12 are shown as a single material in the figure, but may be any material as long as they constitute at least the surface side (battery liquid side) portion of each electrode. The (inner side) part may be made of a material suitable for storing electric charge, for example, activated carbon (to be described later), or a material such as a conductive polymer. By using such a functional material, the capacitor is further increased. It is also possible to increase the capacity and the operating voltage. Further, in the figure, the separator 16 is used, but this can be omitted when the inner surfaces of both electrode plates are not in contact with each other.

  The electrolyte 200 may be a liquid or gel that is usually used for capacitors, and it is easy to achieve a high energy density if a non-aqueous solvent is used as the solvent, and an operating voltage can be easily expanded if an ionic liquid is used. Become. In addition, when the gel-like thing is used for the electrolyte 200, in addition to becoming easy to prevent the leakage to the cell exterior, the separator 16 becomes unnecessary depending on the condition.

Further, instead of using a liquid or gel electrolyte 200, a solid dielectric such as barium titanate (BaTiO ₃ ) or a sheet-like plastic having a high dielectric constant is used as the inner surface of the lead dioxide plate 11 and the lead plate 12. In this case, the capacitor cell 10 can be made thinner and the number of cells can be easily increased, and the sealing material 15 is unnecessary depending on the situation.

  FIG. 3A shows each capacitor cell 10 in the hybrid battery 1 of FIG. 1 as a capacitor cell 20 in which activated carbon layers 110 and 120 are formed on the inner surfaces of the lead dioxide plate 11 and the lead plate 12, respectively. A hybrid battery 2A is shown. In this method, the electric resistance is reduced while increasing the area (specific surface area) of a portion for storing electric charges as a capacitor, thereby realizing further higher capacity and higher charge / discharge speed. Further, even when the activated carbon layer 120 is provided only on the inner surface side of the lead plate 12 serving as the negative electrode, the effect equivalent to the above effect is exhibited. Further, as shown in FIG. 11 may be the capacitor cell 21 provided with the activated carbon layer 110 on the outer surface side instead of the inner surface side. In this case, the battery performance can be further enhanced.

  As a material for the activated carbon layer, a nanocarbon material is recommended from the viewpoint of high electrical conductivity and high capacity density. As this nanocarbon material, a carbon nanotube having an electric conductivity much higher than that of normal activated carbon and having more mesopores than micropores is preferable. Carbon nanofibers and activated carbon nanofibers also have a large specific surface area, so that excellent capacitor performance can be expected. Table 1 below compares the characteristics of the hybrid battery when carbon nanotubes are used in the activated carbon layer with other power storage devices (estimated values).

  In this way, the energy density is expected to greatly exceed the performance of conventional lead-acid batteries, and the capacitor part is responsible for rapid charge / discharge at the output density, which is overwhelmingly about 2000 W / kg compared to 300 W / kg for lead-acid batteries. The improvement of the characteristic is estimated. Moreover, the charging time is estimated to be about 20 to 30 minutes, which is about half of 30 to 60 minutes of the lead storage battery, and the durability is 3 to 4 times that of the lead storage battery because the capacitor part takes charge of rapid charging and discharging. Life expectancy is estimated. On the other hand, the manufacturing cost is expected to increase by about 20% to make the capacitor part, but considering the above characteristics and 3 to 4 times the product life, a relatively large characteristic increase and cost reduction are expected. it can.

  As described above, the hybrid battery according to the present invention having excellent rapid charge / discharge performance and durability is suitable for charging regenerative power at the time of braking in a mild hybrid vehicle, for example, and assist power at start / acceleration. A significant contribution is expected in reducing the production cost and promoting the use of HV. In idling stop technology, regenerative power charging performance is also excellent, and it is expected to exhibit excellent overall performance as it can respond to rapid discharge due to frequent cranking. This makes it easier to absorb fluctuations in the amount of sunlight and airflow.

  FIG. 4 (A) shows a hybrid battery 3A as an application example in which an activated carbon layer 310 is also provided on the outer surface of the lead dioxide plate 11 that becomes the positive electrode of each capacitor cell 20 of the hybrid battery 2A of FIG. 3 (A). Yes. The activated carbon layer 310 is preferably provided in the form of dots or lattices by means of printing or the like from the viewpoint of securing a portion for performing a chemical reaction with sulfate ions on the outer surface side of the lead dioxide plate 11. In this example, since the activated carbon layer 310 exhibits a function of storing electric charge in the battery cell 55, high energy density and high output can be expected. Further, this activated carbon layer 310 may be provided on the outer surface of the lead plate 12 which becomes a negative electrode by applying the principle of the voltaic battery, and further, as shown in FIG. 4B, the lead dioxide plate of the capacitor cell 30. 11 may be the capacitor cell 31 excluding the activated carbon layer 120 on the inner surface.

  FIG. 5A shows the configuration of a hybrid battery 1B according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The capacitor cell 10A is a combination of lead plates 12 and 12, and the lead dioxide plates 11 and 11 are combined. The battery cells 57, 57, 57 are formed together with the electrolyte solution 100 between the capacitor cells 10B. As described above, even when the capacitor cell is configured with the electrode plates made of the same material, the capacitor cell can function as long as a potential difference is generated between the electrode plates sandwiching the electrolytic solution 100. As shown in FIG. 5B, when the activated carbon layers 110 and 120 are formed on the inner surfaces of the lead dioxide plate 11 and the lead plate 12, and the activated carbon layer 310 is formed on the outer surface of the lead dioxide plate 11. The same function as described above can be expected.

  FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the hybrid battery 4 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. As an application example of the combination of each material constituting the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the capacitor cell, The capacitor cell 40 is provided with a combination of aluminum plates 14, and an activated carbon layer 140 is provided on the inner surface side of the aluminum plate 14 and an activated carbon layer 130 is provided on the outer surface side of the copper plate 13. In this case, both are preferably carbon nanotubes as the activated carbon layer 130, but it is known that a capacity of about 7 times is achieved by acid treatment of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes in advance.

  In the present embodiment, although there is a water-permeable separator between the copper plate 13 and the aluminum plate 14 (unnecessary if the interval can be maintained), the sandwiched inner space is opened without being sealed, and the battery Filled with liquid (sulfuric acid electrolyte) 100. That is, the activated carbon layer 140 made of carbon nanotubes on the inner surface is exposed to the sulfuric acid electrolyte solution 100 and is oxidized, but the capacitor performance is not deteriorated by this, but conversely, the activated carbon layer is remarkably compared with general activated carbon. It is known that the carbon nanotubes are activated (the carbon nanotubes are in the same state as when the acid treatment is carried out over time without performing the acid treatment in advance). Moreover, since the activated carbon layer 130 on the outer surface contributes to the improvement of the battery performance, each of these characteristics is used. As a result, in this hybrid battery 4, the performance of the capacitor and the overall performance of the battery are greatly improved.

  In addition, the capacitor cell by the combination of the copper plate 13 and the aluminum plate 14 described above can be applied to each of the above-described embodiments, and by adding an activated carbon layer to the inner surface of the copper plate 13, the capacitor performance can be improved. Can also be expected. Furthermore, as a combination of the material constituting the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate described above, various combinations are possible as long as the pair of electric electrodes is composed of a combination of different metals having a potential difference (for example, Mg> Al> Zn> Cu). Is assumed. For example, a capacitor cell in which the outer surface side of the positive electrode is activated carbon and the negative electrode is lithium can be assumed. In this case, the same effect as described above can be expected by applying to each of the above embodiments. And such a hybrid battery can implement | achieve a much higher energy density compared with the conventional hybrid lead acid battery mentioned above.

  FIG. 7A shows a capacitor cell 45 as an application example in which the configuration of the capacitor cell 10 in the hybrid battery 1 of FIG. 1 is changed, and is characterized in that it is a film capacitor type capacitor instead of an electric double layer capacitor. It is said. That is, a lead dioxide plate 11 that is a positive electrode and a lead plate 12 that is a negative electrode are connected by a plastic film 145 made of a thin film dielectric, and an aluminum foil as an electrode plate extending from the lead dioxide plate 11. 116 is in close contact with one surface of the plastic film 145, and an aluminum foil 126 as an electrode plate extending from the lead plate 12 is in close contact with the other surface of the plastic film 145 to constitute a film capacitor as a whole. .

  Further, as shown in the development view of FIG. 7B, the total length of the film capacitor portion in which the aluminum foils 116 and 126 are adhered to both surfaces of the plastic film 145 is the width (long) of the lead dioxide plate 11 and the lead plate 12. 7), the separator 160 is interposed in the overlapping portion while being folded in a bellows shape, and a seal member is provided on the outer peripheral side thereof, as shown in FIG. 17 is provided and the inner side is sealed. Thereby, the capacity of the capacitor part can be adjusted, and it becomes easy to adjust the ratio of the capacity of the entire capacitor part and the battery part.

  In addition, this increases the simple area (not the specific surface area) of the portion for storing electric charges in the capacitor as compared with the above-described embodiment, while maintaining the compactness of the capacitor cell 45 and the larger capacitance / Realization of energy density is possible. Although not shown in the figure, instead of the plastic film 145, a dielectric sheet provided by thinning the surface of a very thin film made of a dielectric while applying or depositing a highly dielectric material such as barium titanate is provided. It may be used, and as a result, higher energy density and higher output can be expected.

  FIG. 8 shows a capacitor cell 46 as an application example of the capacitor cell 45 of FIG. In this example, ultrathin activated carbon layers 111 and 121 made of a nanocarbon material such as a carbon nanotube are formed on the inner surfaces of the aluminum foils 116 and 126, and these are formed on each surface of a plastic film 145 that is a dielectric. The structure is in close contact. Thus, even when the inner surface side of the capacitor electrode is an activated carbon layer, improvement in energy density and charge / discharge performance can be expected due to its large capacitance and low electrical resistance. As shown in FIG. 9, a capacitor cell 47 excluding the activated carbon layer 111 in the capacitor cell 46 may be used.

  FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an application example regarding the arrangement of the capacitor cell 10 in the hybrid battery 1 of FIG. As described above, the present invention constitutes a battery portion between a plurality of arranged capacitor cells. However, in the above-described embodiment, each capacitor cell 10 is arranged in a straight line in parallel with each other. There are no opposing electrodes on the end faces of the capacitor cells 10 and 10.

  As you know, the concentration of each ion in the electrolyte is important for the function of the battery, so it seems that a certain amount of battery function can be achieved even at the electrodes at both ends, but compared to the intermediate capacitor cell. There is a concern that the function will be weakened. Thus, as shown in the figure, the capacitor cells 10 are arranged radially at equal intervals in a circular casing 7, thereby forming a hybrid battery 5 having an arrangement method in which both end portions are not formed.

  As a result, spaces having the same shape are formed between the capacitor cells 10 and the battery cells 70 having the same conditions are formed, so that a portion of the plurality of capacitor cells 10 whose functions are attenuated is generated. There is no worry. In addition, since the external shape of the hybrid battery 5 is cylindrical, a case that is advantageous in terms of arrangement can be assumed depending on the application. Furthermore, although illustration is omitted, a shorter capacitor cell may be inserted into the space between adjacent capacitor cells 10 and 10 to increase the number of cells. In addition, the application of such an arrangement method can be applied to all the above-described embodiments.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the individual electrode plates used as the pair of electrode plates constituting the capacitor cell are made as thin as possible (for example, the thickness of the lead dioxide plate and the lead plate is 0.5 to 1.0 mm or less). By reducing the weight of each capacitor cell, the energy density per weight of the entire battery can be increased without deteriorating the capacitor function and battery function. That is, in the present invention, the electrode itself constituting the battery is a capacitor (equivalent to a capacitor being included in the battery electrode), so that each capacitor cell is like a single electrode as shown in the figure. By reducing the thickness, the hybrid battery can be significantly reduced in size and can be easily implemented in a manner in which a bundle of battery electrodes by a capacitor is wound.

  Each hybrid battery described above can also be said to be in a state where the battery and the capacitor are connected in parallel. However, when this is used in a gasoline engine vehicle, the dynamo power generation voltage of 14.4 V is connected to the battery when the engine is driven. Each is charged by being applied to a capacitor. When the engine is stopped, the battery voltage drops from 14.4V to about 13 to 12.5V. Therefore, it is considered that the capacitor charge is charged to the battery due to the voltage difference from the capacitor voltage 14.4V at this time. .

  As described above, according to the present invention in which the battery cell and the capacitor cell are fused in an optimum state, the battery has excellent overall performance even at low cost.

  1, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4, 5 Hybrid battery 10, 20, 21, 30, 30A, 30B, 31, 40, 41, 45, 46, 47 Capacitor cell, 11 Lead dioxide plate , 12 Lead plate, 13 Copper plate, 14 Aluminum plate, 16,160 Separator, 50, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 70 Battery cell, 100 Battery solution, 110, 111, 120, 121, 130 , 140, 310 Activated carbon layer, 116, 126 Aluminum foil, 145 Plastic film, 200 Electrolyte

Claims (12)

  In a battery in which positive and negative plates connected to a conductor are alternately immersed in an electrolyte solution, adjacent positive and negative plates are paired and a dielectric or electrolyte is sandwiched between them. A capacitor cell is constituted by a unit formed by mounting, and a plurality of the capacitor cells are arranged so that the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate face each other, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate facing each other together with the intermediate electrolyte solution A hybrid battery comprising a battery cell.   The hybrid battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate facing each other are a combination of different metals having a potential difference.   The hybrid battery according to claim 2, wherein the combination of the different metals is any one of lead dioxide and lead, copper or copper alloy, and aluminum or aluminum alloy.   4. The hybrid battery according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor cell and the battery cell use a common electrolyte solution. 5.   The portion sandwiched between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the capacitor cell has an inner side except an outer peripheral surface sealed against the electrolytic solution. The described hybrid battery.   4. The capacitor cell according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein a thin film-formed dielectric is sandwiched between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate to form a film capacitor. , 4 or 5 described above.   The sheet-like dielectric is folded between the sheet-like electrode and the sheet-like electrode extended from the negative electrode plate and the sheet-like electrode extended from the negative electrode plate together with the two sheet-like electrodes. The hybrid battery according to claim 6, wherein the hybrid battery is sandwiched between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.   The hybrid battery according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, wherein the main component of the dielectric is barium titanate.   The hybrid battery according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein the capacitor cell constitutes an electric double layer capacitor.   The activated carbon layer is formed in the capacitor cell at least on the inner surface side of the negative electrode plate and the outer surface side of the positive electrode plate, or on both inner surface sides of the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate. , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.   The hybrid battery according to claim 10, wherein the activated carbon layer is made of a nanocarbon material. The plurality of capacitor cells are disposed in an electrolyte bath of a predetermined shape so as to have a radial shape in a plan view with respect to the central axis thereof and at the same interval from each other. The number of the capacitor cells and the number of the battery cells coincide with each other, and the number of the battery cells is equal to the number of the battery cells. Hybrid battery described in 1.

Images