JP2013233518A - Sludge dehydration treatment system - Google Patents
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- JP2013233518A JP2013233518A JP2012108224A JP2012108224A JP2013233518A JP 2013233518 A JP2013233518 A JP 2013233518A JP 2012108224 A JP2012108224 A JP 2012108224A JP 2012108224 A JP2012108224 A JP 2012108224A JP 2013233518 A JP2013233518 A JP 2013233518A
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 title abstract description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000021463 dry cake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 pruned branches Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、有機性汚泥に脱水助剤を添加して固液分離装置で脱水処理する方法の改良に関し、特に、脱水助剤にバイオマスを用いて、バイオマスの添加率を制御することにより汚泥の脱水性を向上させる汚泥脱水処理システムに関する。 The present invention relates to an improvement of a method for adding a dehydration aid to organic sludge and performing a dehydration treatment with a solid-liquid separator, and in particular, using biomass as a dehydration aid and controlling the addition rate of biomass to control sludge. The present invention relates to a sludge dewatering treatment system that improves dewaterability.
従来、難ろ過性の有機物を含有する下水等の汚泥は、凝集剤を添加して懸濁物質のフロックを形成させて固液分離を行ない、脱水ケーキの含水率の低減を図っている。この難ろ過性の汚泥を濃縮・脱水させる固液分離装置としては、フィルタープレス、ベルトプレス、スクリュープレス、遠心脱水機等が良く知られている。
汚泥に脱水助剤を添加して脱水ケーキの含水率を低減させる技術も公知であり、運転開始後に汚泥濃度に基づいて古紙添加率と薬注率を制御し、所定時間後にケーキ含水率に基づいて薬注率と古紙添加率を制御して、所定の含水率のケーキを得る技術が特許文献１に記載している。
Conventionally, sludge such as sewage containing difficult-to-filter organic substances is subjected to solid-liquid separation by adding flocculants to form flocs of suspended solids to reduce the moisture content of the dehydrated cake. As solid-liquid separators for concentrating and dewatering this hardly filterable sludge, filter presses, belt presses, screw presses, centrifugal dehydrators and the like are well known.
A technique for reducing the moisture content of a dehydrated cake by adding a dehydrating aid to the sludge is also known.
また、特許文献２に記載のように、膨張粉砕処理した剪定枝、枯草、籾殻等の植物廃棄物を脱水助剤として汚泥に混合し、低含水率の脱水ケーキを得る技術がある。 Further, as described in Patent Document 2, there is a technique for obtaining a dehydrated cake having a low moisture content by mixing plant wastes such as pruned branches, hay, and rice husks subjected to expansion and pulverization treatment into sludge as a dehydrating aid.
従来の難ろ過性の有機物を含有する下水等の汚泥は、固液分離装置での固液分離の際に脱水性を安定させるために、汚泥性状に合わせて凝集剤の添加率を調整する必要がある。また、汚泥の性状は季節や天候、時間等で刻々と変動しており、この変動に応じて汚泥を固液分離装置に供給する供給ポンプの流量制御や、固液分離装置そのものを制御する必要があり、制御装置、システムが大型化する。 For sludges such as sewage containing conventional hard-to-filter organic substances, it is necessary to adjust the addition rate of the flocculant according to the sludge properties in order to stabilize the dewaterability during solid-liquid separation in the solid-liquid separator. There is. In addition, the properties of sludge are constantly changing depending on the season, weather, time, etc. In response to this change, it is necessary to control the flow rate of the supply pump that supplies the sludge to the solid-liquid separator and to control the solid-liquid separator itself. There is an increase in the size of the control device and system.
脱水ケーキの含水率に基づいて古紙添加率と薬注率を制御する方法は、まず薬注率で制御し、薬注率が上下限値となった場合に古紙添加率を増減させるので、凝集剤のランニングコストが大きなものとなる。また、脱水機の最終段である脱水ケーキの含水率を基に制御を行うので、添加率を増減させた結果（ケーキ含水率の増減）がでるのが遅れるという問題がある。 The method of controlling the waste paper addition rate and chemical injection rate based on the moisture content of the dehydrated cake is controlled by the chemical injection rate first, and when the chemical injection rate reaches the upper and lower limit values, the waste paper addition rate is increased or decreased. The running cost of the agent becomes large. In addition, since the control is performed based on the moisture content of the dehydrated cake, which is the final stage of the dehydrator, there is a problem that the result of increasing or decreasing the addition rate (increase or decrease in cake moisture content) is delayed.
汚泥に脱水助剤として植物性繊維を混合する技術は公知である。汚泥の性状は季節や天候、時間等で刻々と変動しており、この変動に応じて脱水助剤を添加することが重要となる。 A technique for mixing vegetable fiber as a dewatering aid in sludge is known. The properties of sludge change every moment depending on the season, weather, time, etc. It is important to add a dehydrating aid according to this change.
この発明は、流入する下水汚泥の性状変動に対応し、固液分離装置で安定した固液分離が行えるように脱水助剤供給量を制御する汚泥脱水処理システムを提供する。 The present invention provides a sludge dewatering treatment system that controls the amount of dewatering aid supplied so that stable solid-liquid separation can be performed by a solid-liquid separation device in response to fluctuations in the properties of inflowing sewage sludge.
この発明の汚泥脱水処理システムは、汚泥に脱水助剤を添加した調質汚泥を固液分離装置で脱水するシステムにおいて、予め段階的に増減させる脱水助剤の供給量幅と、固液分離装置に圧入する基準圧力を設定すると共に、固液分離装置の圧入圧力を測定し、計測値が基準圧力の範囲外となった時、脱水助剤を供給量幅だけ段階的に増減させて、固液分離装置の圧入圧力を基準圧力の範囲内に制御するもので、汚泥の性状変動に対して安定した脱水ケーキを排出できる。また、発熱量の高い脱水ケーキを生成することができ、環境配慮型の制御方法となる。 The sludge dewatering treatment system of the present invention is a system for dewatering conditioned sludge obtained by adding a dewatering aid to sludge with a solid-liquid separation device, and the supply amount range of the dewatering aid to be increased or decreased in advance, and the solid-liquid separation device In addition to setting the reference pressure to press into the tube, measure the press-in pressure of the solid-liquid separator, and when the measured value is outside the range of the reference pressure, increase or decrease the dehydration aid by the supply amount range step by step. Controls the press-fitting pressure of the liquid separation device within the range of the reference pressure, and can discharge a dewatered cake that is stable against fluctuations in sludge properties. In addition, a dehydrated cake with a high calorific value can be generated, which is an environmentally friendly control method.
また、固液分離装置の基準圧力の代わりに基準ろ液量を予め設定して、固液分離装置のろ液量を測定し、計測値が基準ろ液量の範囲外となった時、脱水助剤を供給量幅だけ段階的に増減させて、固液分離装置のろ液量を基準ろ液量の範囲内に制御、あるいは、固液分離装置の基準圧力の代わりに基準脱水ケーキ含水率を予め設定して、固液分離装置の脱水ケーキ含水率を測定し、計測値が基準脱水ケーキ含水率の範囲外となった時、脱水助剤を供給量幅だけ段階的に増減させて、固液分離装置の脱水ケーキ含水率を基準脱水ケーキ含水率の範囲内に制御してもよい。 Also, instead of the standard pressure of the solid-liquid separator, set the standard filtrate amount in advance, measure the filtrate amount of the solid-liquid separator, and dehydrate when the measured value is outside the range of the standard filtrate amount. Control the amount of filtrate in the solid / liquid separator within the range of the standard filtrate volume by increasing / decreasing the auxiliary agent step by step, or the moisture content of the standard dehydrated cake instead of the standard pressure of the solid / liquid separator Is set in advance, the moisture content of the dehydrated cake of the solid-liquid separator is measured, and when the measured value is out of the range of the moisture content of the standard dehydrated cake, the dehydration aid is increased or decreased step by step by the supply amount width, The moisture content of the dehydrated cake of the solid-liquid separator may be controlled within the range of the moisture content of the reference dehydrated cake.
具体的には、固液分離装置の圧入圧力又はろ液量あるいは脱水ケーキ含水率を一定時間ごとに測定し、圧入圧力の計測値が予め設定した基準圧力より低い場合、
又はろ液量の計測値が予め設定した基準ろ液量より少ない場合、あるいは脱水ケーキ含水率の計測値が予め設定した基準脱水ケーキ含水率より高い場合、脱水助剤の供給量を供給量幅だけ増加させ、基準値の範囲内に上昇するまでこの操作を繰り返すと共に、圧入圧力の計測値が予め設定した基準圧力より高い場合、又はろ液量の計測値が予め設定した基準ろ液量より多い場合、あるいは脱水ケーキ含水率の計測値が予め設定した基準脱水ケーキ含水率より低い場合、脱水助剤の供給量を供給量幅だけ減少させ、基準値の範囲内に下降するまでこの操作を繰り返すので、圧入ポンプや固液分離装置の複雑な制御を必要とせず、構成が簡素であり、処理量の増加、脱水ケーキの含水率を低減できる。凝集剤の使用量を削減できるので、コストの削減が可能となる。
Specifically, the press-fitting pressure or filtrate amount of the solid-liquid separator or the moisture content of the dehydrated cake is measured at regular intervals, and when the measured value of the press-fitting pressure is lower than a preset reference pressure,
Alternatively, when the measured value of the filtrate amount is less than the preset reference filtrate amount, or when the measured value of the dehydrated cake moisture content is higher than the preset reference dehydrated cake moisture content, the supply amount of the dehydration aid is set to the supply amount range. This operation is repeated until the pressure rises within the range of the reference value, and when the measured value of the press-fit pressure is higher than the preset reference pressure, or the measured value of the filtrate amount is greater than the preset reference filtrate amount. If there is a large amount, or if the dehydrated cake moisture content is lower than the preset reference dehydrated cake moisture content, decrease the supply amount of the dehydration aid by the supply amount range and continue this operation until it falls within the range of the reference value. Since it repeats, complicated control of a press-fit pump or a solid-liquid separator is not required, the configuration is simple, the processing amount can be increased, and the moisture content of the dehydrated cake can be reduced. Since the amount of the flocculant used can be reduced, the cost can be reduced.
脱水助剤を供給量幅だけ増加あるいは減少させて、脱水助剤の供給量が最大供給量あるいは最小供給量に達する場合、警報を発するか運転を停止するので、安全運転が可能である。 When the dehydration aid is increased or decreased by the supply amount range and the dehydration aid supply amount reaches the maximum supply amount or the minimum supply amount, an alarm is issued or the operation is stopped, so that safe operation is possible.
また、脱水助剤として、木質系または食品系のバイオマスを脱水助剤に使用し、このバイオマスに綿状処理を施して、バイオマスの植物繊維を細分化すると、繊維が汚泥に馴染みやすくなり、真の含水率を低減することが可能となる。 In addition, if woody or food-based biomass is used as a dehydration aid, and the biomass fiber is subjected to cotton-like treatment to subdivide the plant fibers of the biomass, the fibers become easier to adapt to sludge. It becomes possible to reduce the moisture content of.
本発明は、圧入ポンプや固液分離装置の複雑な制御を必要とせず、汚泥の性状変動に対して安定した脱水ケーキを排出できる。バイオマスの添加量を増減して変動因子を制御するので、構成が簡素であり、処理量の増加、脱水ケーキの含水率を低減できる。凝集剤の使用量を削減できるので、コストの削減が可能となる。バイオマスを使用するので、発熱量の高い脱水ケーキを生成でき、環境に配慮した制御方法である。 The present invention does not require complicated control of a press-in pump or a solid-liquid separator, and can discharge a dehydrated cake that is stable against fluctuations in the properties of sludge. Since the variation factor is controlled by increasing / decreasing the amount of biomass added, the configuration is simple, and the processing amount can be increased and the moisture content of the dehydrated cake can be reduced. Since the amount of the flocculant used can be reduced, the cost can be reduced. Since biomass is used, a dehydrated cake with a high calorific value can be generated, which is an environmentally friendly control method.
図１はこの発明に係る脱水機の運転制御システムであって、汚泥供給管１と脱水助剤供給管２を汚泥調整槽３に連結している。汚泥調整槽３には汚泥供給管１から供給する汚泥と、脱水助剤供給管２から供給する脱水助剤とを攪拌混合するための攪拌装置４を設けている。
FIG. 1 shows an operation control system for a dehydrator according to the present invention, wherein a
脱水助剤は粉砕して脱水助剤貯留槽５に貯留しており、必要に応じて供給装置６で脱水助剤供給管２を介して汚泥調整槽３に供給する。供給装置６は設備や脱水助剤に応じてベルト式、スクリュー式等適宜選択してもよい。 The dehydration aid is pulverized and stored in the dehydration aid storage tank 5, and is supplied to the sludge adjustment tank 3 via the dehydration aid supply pipe 2 by the supply device 6 as necessary. The supply device 6 may be appropriately selected from a belt type, a screw type, and the like according to the equipment and the dehydrating aid.
本実施例では、脱水助剤として未利用バイオマスを用いている。未利用バイオマスとは、そのままの状態では利用価値が低く、通常は廃棄物として処分されているものである。具体的には、木質系の籾殻、間伐材等や、食品系の茶粕、食物残渣等の植物性廃棄物がある。 In this embodiment, unused biomass is used as a dehydration aid. Unused biomass has low utility value as it is and is usually disposed of as waste. Specific examples include woody rice husks, thinned wood, and other food wastes such as food-based tea cakes and food residues.
添加するバイオマスによっては、汚泥調整槽３に供給する前に、汚泥に馴染みやすい形状・性状となるよう前処理を施してもよい。具体的には、破砕処理あるいは膨張軟化処理等がある。膨張軟化処理とは、バイオマスを高圧下で所定時間保持した後、圧力を急激に解放させることにより、圧縮されていた流体及びバイオマスの細胞膜内に含まれていた水分などの流体が爆発的に膨張し、バイオマスの細胞膜を破砕する現象である。一方、粘結材として関与していた、生物体由来の水溶性高分子も加水分解が進行し、低粘度になり、粘結力も低下して流動性が増加する。バイオマスのそれぞれの状態における特徴的な性質を利用して廃棄物を加水分解して低分子化する処理である。
バイオマスを膨張軟化処理して細胞自体を破壊することにより、親水性に富み、分散性に優れ、汚泥との混合がきわめて容易となる。
Depending on the biomass to be added, before supplying it to the sludge adjusting tank 3, pretreatment may be performed so as to obtain a shape / property familiar to sludge. Specifically, there are crushing treatment and expansion softening treatment. Expansion and softening treatment means that after holding the biomass under high pressure for a predetermined time, the pressure is rapidly released, so that the compressed fluid and fluid such as moisture contained in the biomass cell membrane expand explosively. This is a phenomenon that disrupts the cell membrane of biomass. On the other hand, water-soluble polymers derived from living organisms, which have been involved as a caking agent, proceed to hydrolysis, become low viscosity, reduce caking strength, and increase fluidity. This is a process that hydrolyzes waste to reduce its molecular weight by utilizing the characteristic properties of each state of biomass.
By expanding and softening the biomass to destroy the cell itself, it is rich in hydrophilicity, excellent in dispersibility, and extremely easy to mix with sludge.
特に硬度の高いバイオマスの場合、膨張軟化処理を施した後、さらに綿状処理を施してもよい。バイオマスの植物繊維を細分化することにより、繊維が汚泥に馴染みやすくなり、真の含水率を低減することが可能である。 In particular, in the case of biomass having high hardness, a cotton-like treatment may be further performed after the expansion softening treatment. By subdividing the plant fibers of biomass, the fibers can be easily adapted to sludge and the true water content can be reduced.
バイオマスの比重は汚泥より軽いため、汚泥調整槽３にて汚泥とバイオマスを攪拌混合する。汚泥調整槽３内でバイオマスと汚泥は均等に混合された調質汚泥となる。攪拌装置４はバイオマスと汚泥を均等に攪拌混合するものであれば何でもよく、本実施例では撹拌翼を用いている。 Since the specific gravity of biomass is lighter than sludge, the sludge and biomass are stirred and mixed in the sludge adjustment tank 3. In the sludge adjusting tank 3, the biomass and sludge are tempered sludge mixed evenly. The stirring device 4 may be anything as long as it uniformly stirs and mixes biomass and sludge. In this embodiment, a stirring blade is used.
汚泥調整槽３で脱水助剤と混合した調質汚泥は、圧入ポンプ７により調質汚泥供給管８を介して凝集混和槽９に圧送される。圧入ポンプ７の後段には計測器１０（流量計、濃度計）を配設している。調質汚泥供給管８には凝集剤供給管１１が連結されており、凝集剤溶解槽１２から凝集剤供給ポンプ１３により凝集剤（高分子凝集剤、無機凝集剤）が供給される。凝集剤供給ポンプ１３の後段には凝集剤の供給量を計測するための流量計１４を配設している。なお、凝集剤供給管１１は凝集混和槽９に接続してもよい。
The conditioned sludge mixed with the dewatering aid in the sludge adjusting tank 3 is pumped to the coagulation mixing tank 9 through the tempered sludge supply pipe 8 by the press-fitting pump 7. A measuring instrument 10 (flow meter, densitometer) is disposed at the subsequent stage of the press-fitting pump 7. A flocculant supply pipe 11 is connected to the conditioned sludge supply pipe 8, and a flocculant (polymer flocculant, inorganic flocculant) is supplied from a
調質汚泥供給管８の計測器１０で計測した調質汚泥の固形物量と、凝集剤供給管１１の流量計１４で計測した凝集剤の供給量を比較し、調質汚泥の固形物量に応じた凝集剤供給量を凝集剤供給ポンプ１３により供給するよう制御する。本実施例では、凝集剤供給量は調質汚泥供給量に比例して増減するように予め設定している。
Compare the amount of tempered sludge solids measured by the measuring
凝集混和槽９には調質汚泥と凝集剤とを攪拌混合するための攪拌装置１５を設けている。調質汚泥と凝集剤は凝集混和槽９で撹拌混合され、強力なフロックを生成する。脱水助剤が凝集フロック同士を繋いで強力なフロックとなった凝集スラリーは、凝集スラリー供給管１６を経て固液分離装置２０に圧入供給される。凝集スラリー供給管１６には固液分離装置２０に圧入供給される凝集スラリーの圧入圧力を計測するための圧力計１７を配設している。
The agglomeration mixing tank 9 is provided with a stirring
固液分離装置２０は凝集スラリーを脱水処理できるもので、回分式ではフィルタープレス、連続式ではベルトプレス、スクリュープレス、遠心脱水機等の従来の装置を用いることができる。
The solid-
それぞれの固液分離装置２０の運転状態（圧入圧力、ろ液量、脱水ケーキ含水率等）に基づいて、脱水助剤の供給量、凝集剤の添加率を制御する。
固液分離装置の安定運転に適した状態となるように汚泥性状（汚泥中の固液物量）を維持することで、安定的なろ過作用を発揮でき、最適含水率で連続脱水を行うことができる。
The supply amount of the dehydration aid and the addition rate of the flocculant are controlled on the basis of the operation state (pressing pressure, filtrate amount, moisture content of the dehydrated cake, etc.) of each solid-
Maintaining sludge properties (the amount of solid-liquid matter in the sludge) so that it is in a state suitable for stable operation of the solid-liquid separator, can exhibit a stable filtration action, and can perform continuous dehydration at the optimal moisture content it can.
詳述すると、固液分離装置２０の運転が開始されると、固液分離装置２０に供給される凝集スラリーの圧入圧力、ろ液量、脱水ケーキ含水率は、それぞれ計測器１７ａ、１７ｂ、１７ｃで計測されて制御装置１８に送られる。
More specifically, when the operation of the solid-
固液分離装置２０の運転中は、汚泥性状の変動で汚泥のろ過性が悪くなって固液分離装置２０への負荷が増えると、凝集スラリーの圧入圧力が上昇し、ろ液量が減少し、脱水ケーキ含水率が高くなる。一方、汚泥のろ過性が回復して、固液分離装置２０への負荷が減少すると、凝集スラリーの圧入圧力が下降し、ろ液量が増加し、脱水ケーキ含水率が低くなる。
During operation of the solid-
そこで、本発明の制御装置では、計測器１７ａで測定した圧入圧力の計測値Ｐをあらかじめ設定した基準圧力Ｐ０と比較判断して、計測値Ｐが基準圧力Ｐ０から外れていた場合、供給装置６に指令を与えて脱水助剤の供給量を制御し、凝集スラリーの固形物量を増減させる。脱水助剤の供給量を調整することにより、圧入ポンプ７や凝集剤の薬注率を制御することなく、容易に固液分離装置２０に供給される凝集スラリーの圧入圧力を基準圧力Ｐ０に維持することができる。
基準圧力Ｐ０は、ある程度の幅を持たせて設定することができ、圧入圧力の計測値Ｐがその設定幅内にある時は、現状を維持した状態で通常運転を継続する。
Therefore, in the control device of the present invention, when the measured value P of the press-fit pressure measured by the measuring instrument 17a is compared with the preset reference pressure P0, and the measured value P deviates from the reference pressure P0, the supply device 6 Is supplied to control the amount of dehydration aid supplied to increase or decrease the amount of solids in the agglomerated slurry. By adjusting the supply amount of the dehydrating aid, the press-fitting pressure of the coagulated slurry easily supplied to the solid-
The reference pressure P0 can be set with a certain range, and when the measured value P of the press-fit pressure is within the set range, the normal operation is continued while maintaining the current state.
より詳しく説明すると、圧入圧力の計測値Ｐが基準圧力Ｐ０より低い場合には、制御装置１８は脱水助剤の供給装置に指令を与え、脱水助剤の供給量を増加させる。固形物量が増加した調質汚泥を圧入ポンプ７で固液分離装置２０に供給することにより、圧入ポンプ７の吐出量や固液分離装置２０のケーキ滞留時間等を変更せずに圧入圧力を上昇させることができる。
More specifically, when the measured value P of the press-fitting pressure is lower than the reference pressure P0, the control device 18 gives a command to the dehydrating auxiliary agent supply device to increase the dehydrating auxiliary agent supply amount. By supplying tempered sludge with increased solid content to the solid-
一方、圧入圧力の計測値Ｐが基準圧力Ｐ０より高い場合には、制御装置１８は脱水助剤の供給装置６に指令を与え、脱水助剤の供給量を減少させる。固形物量が減少した調質汚泥を圧入ポンプ７で固液分離装置２０に供給することにより、圧入ポンプ７の吐出量や固液分離装置２０のケーキ滞留時間等を変更せずに圧入圧力を下降させることができる。
On the other hand, when the measured value P of the press-fitting pressure is higher than the reference pressure P0, the control device 18 gives a command to the dehydrating auxiliary agent supply device 6 to decrease the dehydrating auxiliary agent supply amount. By supplying the tempered sludge having a reduced amount of solids to the solid-
一旦、供給装置６の供給量を変更すると、一定時間経過後に再度圧入圧力を測定し、計測値Ｐが基準圧力Ｐ０内に復帰するまで上記動作を繰り返す。 Once the supply amount of the supply device 6 is changed, the press-fitting pressure is measured again after a certain period of time, and the above operation is repeated until the measured value P returns to the reference pressure P0.
同様に、計測器１７ｂで測定したろ液量の計測値Ｑをあらかじめ設定した基準ろ液量Ｑ０と比較判断して、計測値Ｑが基準圧力Ｑ０から外れていた場合、供給装置６に指令を与えて脱水助剤の供給量を制御する。
また、計測器１７ｃで測定した脱水ケーキ含水率の計測値Ｗをあらかじめ設定した基準含水率Ｗ０と比較判断して、計測値Ｗが基準含水率Ｗ０から外れていた場合、供給装置６に指令を与えて脱水助剤の供給量を制御する。
Similarly, when the measured value Q of the filtrate amount measured by the measuring instrument 17b is compared with a preset reference filtrate amount Q0 and the measured value Q is out of the reference pressure Q0, a command is sent to the supply device 6. To control the supply amount of the dehydration aid.
In addition, when the measured value W of the dehydrated cake moisture content measured by the measuring instrument 17c is compared with the preset reference moisture content W0, and the measured value W deviates from the reference moisture content W0, a command is sent to the supply device 6. To control the supply amount of the dehydration aid.
脱水助剤の供給量を決定する供給装置６の増減幅は予め設定しておく。脱水助剤の供給量の上限、下限を設定し、上限あるいは下限に達すると警報を発するか、あるいは運転を自動停止して調査ができるようにしてもよい。 The increase / decrease width of the supply device 6 that determines the supply amount of the dehydrating aid is set in advance. An upper limit and a lower limit of the supply amount of the dehydration aid may be set, and when the upper limit or the lower limit is reached, an alarm may be issued, or the operation may be automatically stopped for investigation.
図２はこの実施の形態に係る汚泥脱水処理システムのフローチャートである。本実施例では、圧入圧力を一定に制御している。
Ａ．初期設定
凝集スラリーを固液分離装置２０に圧入供給する際の基準圧力Ｐ０を設定する。本実施例では、最大基準圧力Ｐｍａｘと最小基準圧力Ｐｍｉｎの間を基準圧力Ｐ０として幅を持たせている。
脱水助剤の初期供給量Ｂ０，最大供給量Ｂｍａｘ，最小供給量Ｂｍｉｎ，段階的に増減させる供給量幅ｂを設定する。
圧入ポンプ７の定格回転数Ｎを設定する。
凝集剤添加率Ａ０（凝集剤供給ポンプ回転数、凝集剤供給量）を設定する。
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the sludge dewatering processing system according to this embodiment. In this embodiment, the press-fitting pressure is controlled to be constant.
A. A reference pressure P0 when the initially set agglomerated slurry is press-fitted into the solid-
An initial supply amount B0, a maximum supply amount Bmax, a minimum supply amount Bmin, and a supply amount width b that is increased or decreased in stages are set.
The rated rotation speed N of the press-fitting pump 7 is set.
The coagulant addition rate A0 (coagulant supply pump rotation speed, coagulant supply amount) is set.
Ｂ．運転開始
上記基準値Ｐ０，Ｂ０，Ａ０及び定格値Ｎにて各機器を運転する。尚、圧入ポンプ７は常時定格回転数Ｎ、凝集剤供給ポンプ１３は計測器１０の計測値に従って比例制御で運転する。
B. Start of operation Each device is operated at the reference values P0, B0, A0 and the rated value N. The press-fitting pump 7 is always operated with proportional control according to the rated rotational speed N, and the
Ｃ．圧入圧力比較
凝集スラリーを固液分離装置２０に圧入する際の圧入圧力を測定し、基準圧力Ｐ０と比較する。
圧入圧力の計測値Ｐが基準圧力Ｐ０内にある場合は、各機器の運転を現状の状態で維持する。
計測値Ｐが基準圧力Ｐ０より小さい場合は、フローチャートのＤへ移行して脱水助剤の供給量を段階的に増加させる制御を行う。
計測値Ｐが基準圧力Ｐ０より大きい場合は、フローチャートのＥへ移行して脱水助剤の供給量を段階的に減少させる制御を行う。
C. Press-fit pressure comparison The press-fit pressure when the coagulated slurry is press-fitted into the solid-
When the measured value P of the press-fit pressure is within the reference pressure P0, the operation of each device is maintained in the current state.
When the measured value P is smaller than the reference pressure P0, control proceeds to D in the flowchart and the supply amount of the dehydrating aid is increased stepwise.
When the measured value P is larger than the reference pressure P0, the process proceeds to E in the flowchart, and control is performed to reduce the supply amount of the dehydrating aid stepwise.
Ｄ．脱水助剤の最大供給量比較
上記フローチャートＣにおいて、圧入圧力の計測値Ｐが基準圧力Ｐ０より小さい場合は、圧入圧力を上昇させるために脱水助剤を増加させるべく、段階的に増加させる供給量幅ｂを加味した供給量Ｂと最大供給量Ｂｍａｘとを比較する。
変更後の脱水助剤の供給量Ｂが最大供給量Ｂｍａｘより小さい場合は、フローチャートのＥへ移行して脱水助剤の供給量を段階的に増加させる制御を行う。
変更後の脱水助剤の供給量Ｂが最大供給量Ｂｍａｎより大きくなる場合は、フローチャートのＨへ移行して、警報を発するか、あるいは固液分離装置２０の運転を自動停止させる制御を行う。
D. Comparison of Maximum Supply Amount of Dehydration Aid In the above flow chart C, when the measured value P of the press-fit pressure is smaller than the reference pressure P0, the supply amount that is increased stepwise to increase the dehydration aid in order to increase the press-fit pressure. The supply amount B including the width b is compared with the maximum supply amount Bmax.
When the supply amount B of the dehydration aid after the change is smaller than the maximum supply amount Bmax, control proceeds to E in the flowchart and the supply amount of the dehydration aid is increased stepwise.
When the supply amount B of the dehydration aid after the change is larger than the maximum supply amount Bman, the process proceeds to H in the flowchart and a control is performed to issue an alarm or to automatically stop the operation of the solid-
Ｅ．脱水助剤供給量（増）
上記フローチャートＤにおいて、変更後の脱水助剤の供給量Ｂが最大供給量Ｂｍａｘより小さい場合は、脱水助剤の供給装置６を調整し、予め設定した分だけ脱水助剤の供給量を増大させる制御を行う。本実施例の供給装置６はスクリュー式であるので、スクリューの回転速度を増加させる制御を行うが、ベルト式等の他の供給装置の場合、ベルトの搬送速度を増大させる等の供給量を増大させる制御を適宜行う。
E. Dehydration aid supply (increase)
In the flowchart D, when the changed dehydration aid supply amount B is smaller than the maximum supply amount Bmax, the dehydration aid supply device 6 is adjusted to increase the dehydration aid supply amount by a preset amount. Take control. Since the supply device 6 of the present embodiment is a screw type, control is performed to increase the rotational speed of the screw. However, in the case of other supply devices such as a belt type, the supply amount is increased such as increasing the belt conveyance speed. The control to be performed is appropriately performed.
Ｆ．脱水助剤の最小供給量比較
上記フローチャートＣにおいて、圧入圧力の計測値Ｐが基準圧力Ｐ０より大きい場合は、圧入圧力を下降させるために凝集剤添加率を減少させるべく、段階的に減少させる供給量幅ｂを加味した供給量Ｂと最小供給量Ｂｍｉｎとを比較する。
変更後の脱水助剤の供給量Ｂが最小供給量Ｂｍｉｎより大きい場合は、フローチャートのＧへ移行して脱水助剤の供給量を段階的に減少させる制御を行う。
変更後の脱水助剤の供給量Ｂが最小供給量Ｂｍｉｎより小さくなる場合は、フローチャートのＨへ移行して、警報を発するか、あるいは固液分離装置２０の運転を自動停止させる制御を行う。
F. Comparison of the minimum supply amount of the dehydrating aid In the above flow chart C, when the measured value P of the press-fit pressure is larger than the reference pressure P0, the supply is decreased stepwise to reduce the flocculant addition rate in order to lower the press-fit pressure. The supply amount B considering the amount width b is compared with the minimum supply amount Bmin.
When the supply amount B of the dehydration aid after the change is larger than the minimum supply amount Bmin, the process proceeds to G in the flowchart and control is performed to decrease the supply amount of the dehydration aid stepwise.
When the supply amount B of the dehydrating aid after the change is smaller than the minimum supply amount Bmin, the process proceeds to H in the flowchart, and an alarm is issued or control for automatically stopping the operation of the solid-
Ｇ．脱水助剤供給量（減）
上記フローチャートＦにおいて、変更後の脱水助剤の供給量Ｂが最小供給量Ｂｍｉｎより大きい場合は、脱水助剤の供給装置６を調整し、予め設定した供給量幅ｂ分だけ供給量を増加させる制御を行う。
G. Dehydration aid supply (decrease)
In the flowchart F, when the changed dehydration aid supply amount B is greater than the minimum supply amount Bmin, the dehydration aid supply device 6 is adjusted to increase the supply amount by a preset supply amount width b. Take control.
Ｈ．警報・運転停止
一定時間経過後に再度圧入圧力を測定し、計測値が基準圧力内に復帰するまで上記動作を繰り返す。脱水助剤が最大供給量あるいは最小供給量に達しても圧入圧力の計測値が基準値内に復帰しない場合は、警報を発するか、あるいはス固液分離装置２０の運転を自動停止する。
H. Measure the press-fitting pressure again after a certain period of alarm / operation stop, and repeat the above operation until the measured value returns to the reference pressure. If the measured value of the press-fit pressure does not return to the reference value even when the dehydration auxiliary agent reaches the maximum supply amount or the minimum supply amount, an alarm is issued or the operation of the solid-
なお、本実施例では圧入圧力を一定に制御しているが、ろ液量、脱水ケーキ含水率、原液濃度等に基づいて脱水助剤の供給量を制御しても同様のフローとなる。 In this embodiment, the press-fitting pressure is controlled to be constant, but the same flow can be achieved even if the supply amount of the dehydrating aid is controlled based on the filtrate amount, the water content of the dehydrated cake, the concentration of the stock solution, and the like.
図３（ａ）は「見かけ」、（ｂ）は「真」の脱水ケーキ含水率・乾ケーキ処理量と脱水助剤添加率の実験データである。
脱水ケーキの見かけの含水率（見かけの処理量）とは、脱水助剤や凝集剤等の添加物の重量を含めた実測値であり、真の含水率（真の処理量）とは、この実測値から添加物の乾燥重量を除いた汚泥重量に対する含水率を算出した値である。
被処理液：下水汚泥
脱水助剤：膨張軟化処理を施した籾殻
FIG. 3A shows experimental data of “apparent”, and FIG. 3B shows “true” dehydrated cake water content / dry cake processing amount and dehydration aid addition rate.
The apparent moisture content (apparent processing amount) of a dehydrated cake is an actual measurement value including the weight of additives such as dehydration aids and flocculants, and the true moisture content (true processing amount) It is the value which calculated the moisture content with respect to the sludge weight remove | excluding the dry weight of the additive from the actual measurement value.
Liquid to be treated: Sewage sludge dewatering aid: Rice husk that has undergone expansion softening
脱水助剤の供給量を増加するにしたがって、脱水ケーキ含水率は低下し、ケーキ処理量は増加している。これは、脱水助剤の重量を含めた「見かけ」だけでなく、脱水助剤の重量を除いた「真」の脱水ケーキ含水率・ケーキ処理量でも同様の傾向を示している。 As the supply amount of the dewatering aid increases, the water content of the dehydrated cake decreases and the amount of cake processed increases. This shows not only the “apparent” including the weight of the dehydrating aid, but also the “true” dehydrated cake moisture content and the amount of cake treated excluding the weight of the dehydrating aid.
これは、バイオマスに含まれる組織状物を下水汚泥に添加することにより、下水汚泥の脱水性・ろ過性が向上したためであり、脱水性能が「見かけ」だけでなく「真」でも向上する。 This is because the dehydrated / filterable property of sewage sludge is improved by adding the textured material contained in biomass to sewage sludge, and the dewatering performance is improved not only in “apparent” but also “true”.
本発明の固液分離装置の汚泥脱水処理システムは、圧入ポンプや固液分離装置の複雑な制御を必要とせずに、脱水助剤の供給量だけで容易に制御することができる。したがって、処理原液の性状が季節や天候等で刻々と変動する下水汚泥を固液分離する各種固液分離装置に適用できる。また、高価な凝集剤の過剰添加がなく、脱水助剤としてバイオマスを用いているので、発熱量の高い脱水ケーキを生成することができ、環境配慮型の制御方法である。 The sludge dewatering treatment system of the solid-liquid separator according to the present invention can be easily controlled only by the supply amount of the dehydration aid without requiring complicated control of the press-fitting pump and the solid-liquid separator. Accordingly, the present invention can be applied to various solid-liquid separation devices for solid-liquid separation of sewage sludge whose properties of the processing stock solution fluctuate every moment according to the season and weather. Moreover, since there is no excessive addition of an expensive flocculant and biomass is used as a dehydrating aid, a dehydrated cake with a high calorific value can be generated, and this is an environmentally friendly control method.
２０ 固液分離装置
Ｐ 圧入圧力の計測値
Ｐ０ 基準圧力
Ｑ ろ液量の計測値
Ｑ０ 基準ろ液量
Ｗ 脱水ケーキ含水率の計測値
Ｗ０ 基準脱水ケーキ含水率
Ｂ 脱水助剤の供給量
ｂ 供給量幅
Ｂｍａｘ 最大供給量
Ｂｍｉｎ 最小供給量
20 Solid-liquid separator P Pressurized pressure measurement value P0 Reference pressure Q Filtration amount measurement value Q0 Reference filtrate amount W Dehydration cake moisture content measurement value W0 Reference dehydration cake moisture content B Dehydration aid supply amount b Supply amount Width Bmax Maximum supply amount Bmin Minimum supply amount
Claims (6)
木質系または食品系のバイオマスを脱水助剤に使用して、
予め段階的に増減させる脱水助剤の供給量幅（ｂ）と、
固液分離装置（２０）に圧入する基準圧力（Ｐ０）を設定すると共に、
固液分離装置（２０）の圧入圧力（Ｐ）を測定し、
計測値（Ｐ）が基準圧力（Ｐ０）の範囲外となった時、
脱水助剤を供給量幅（ｂ）だけ段階的に増減させて、
固液分離装置（２０）の圧入圧力（Ｐ）を基準圧力（Ｐ０）の範囲内に制御する
ことを特徴とする汚泥脱水処理システム。 In a system for dewatering conditioned sludge obtained by adding a dewatering aid to sludge using a solid-liquid separator (20),
Using woody or food-based biomass as a dehydration aid,
The supply amount range (b) of the dehydrating aid that is increased or decreased in advance,
While setting the reference pressure (P0) to press-fit into the solid-liquid separator (20),
Measure the press-fitting pressure (P) of the solid-liquid separator (20),
When the measured value (P) falls outside the range of the reference pressure (P0),
Increase or decrease the dehydration aid in steps of the supply amount range (b)
A sludge dewatering system characterized by controlling the press-fitting pressure (P) of the solid-liquid separator (20) within a range of a reference pressure (P0).
固液分離装置（２０）のろ液量（Ｑ）を測定し、
計測値（Ｑ）が基準ろ液量（Ｑ０）の範囲外となった時、
脱水助剤を供給量幅（ｂ）だけ段階的に増減させて、
固液分離装置（２０）のろ液量（Ｑ）を基準ろ液量（Ｑ０）の範囲内に制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の汚泥脱水処理システム。 Instead of the reference pressure (P0) of the solid-liquid separator (20), a reference filtrate amount (Q0) is set in advance,
Measure the filtrate volume (Q) of the solid-liquid separator (20),
When the measured value (Q) falls outside the standard filtrate volume (Q0) range,
Increase or decrease the dehydration aid in steps of the supply amount range (b)
The sludge dewatering system according to claim 1, wherein the filtrate amount (Q) of the solid-liquid separator (20) is controlled within the range of the reference filtrate amount (Q0).
固液分離装置（２０）の脱水ケーキ含水率（Ｗ）を測定し、
計測値（Ｗ）が基準脱水ケーキ含水率（Ｗ０）の範囲外となった時、
脱水助剤を供給量幅（ｂ）だけ段階的に増減させて、
固液分離装置（２０）の脱水ケーキ含水率（Ｗ）を基準脱水ケーキ含水率（Ｗ０）の範囲内に制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の汚泥脱水処理システム。 Instead of the standard pressure (P0) of the solid-liquid separator (20), a standard dehydrated cake moisture content (W0) is set in advance,
Measure the water content (W) of the dehydrated cake of the solid-liquid separator (20),
When the measured value (W) falls outside the range of the standard dehydrated cake moisture content (W0),
Increase or decrease the dehydration aid in steps of the supply amount range (b)
The sludge dewatering treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content (W) of the dehydrated cake of the solid-liquid separator (20) is controlled within the range of the moisture content of the standard dehydrated cake (W0).
圧入圧力の計測値（Ｐ）が予め設定した基準圧力（Ｐ０）より低い場合、
又はろ液量の計測値（Ｑ）が予め設定した基準ろ液量（Ｑ０）より少ない場合、
あるいは脱水ケーキ含水率の計測値（Ｗ）が予め設定した基準脱水ケーキ含水率（Ｗ０）より高い場合、
脱水助剤の供給量を供給量幅（ｂ）だけ増加させ、基準値（Ｐ０，Ｑ０，Ｗ０）の範囲内に上昇するまでこの操作を繰り返すと共に、
圧入圧力の計測値（Ｐ）が予め設定した基準圧力（Ｐ０）より高い場合、
又はろ液量の計測値（Ｑ）が予め設定した基準ろ液量（Ｑ０）より多い場合、
あるいは脱水ケーキ含水率の計測値（Ｗ）が予め設定した基準脱水ケーキ含水率（Ｗ０）より低い場合、
脱水助剤の供給量を供給量幅（ｂ）だけ減少させ、基準値（Ｐ０，Ｑ０，Ｗ０）の範囲内に下降するまでこの操作を繰り返す
ことを特徴とする請求項１〜３の何れか１項に記載の汚泥脱水処理システム。 Measure the press-fitting pressure (P) or filtrate amount (Q) or dehydrated cake moisture content (W) of the solid-liquid separator (20) at regular intervals,
When the measured value (P) of the press-fit pressure is lower than a preset reference pressure (P0),
Or when the measured value (Q) of the filtrate amount is less than the preset reference filtrate amount (Q0),
Or when the measured value (W) of the dehydrated cake moisture content is higher than the preset reference dehydrated cake moisture content (W0),
While increasing the supply amount of the dehydration aid by the supply amount range (b), this operation is repeated until it rises within the range of the reference value (P0, Q0, W0),
When the measured value (P) of the press-fit pressure is higher than a preset reference pressure (P0),
Or when the measured value (Q) of the filtrate amount is larger than the preset reference filtrate amount (Q0),
Or when the measured value (W) of the dehydrated cake moisture content is lower than the preset reference dehydrated cake moisture content (W0),
The supply amount of the dehydration aid is decreased by the supply amount range (b), and this operation is repeated until it falls within the range of the reference value (P0, Q0, W0). The sludge dewatering system according to item 1.
ことを特徴とする請求項１〜４の何れか１項に記載の汚泥脱水処理システム。 The dehydration aid is increased or decreased by the supply amount range (b), and when the dehydration aid supply amount (B) reaches the maximum supply amount (Bmax) or the minimum supply amount (Bmin), an alarm is issued or the operation is performed. The sludge dewatering treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sludge dewatering system is stopped.
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