JP2013227296A - 抗インフルエンザウイルス剤 - Google Patents
抗インフルエンザウイルス剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013227296A JP2013227296A JP2013065700A JP2013065700A JP2013227296A JP 2013227296 A JP2013227296 A JP 2013227296A JP 2013065700 A JP2013065700 A JP 2013065700A JP 2013065700 A JP2013065700 A JP 2013065700A JP 2013227296 A JP2013227296 A JP 2013227296A
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- salt
- present
- influenza virus
- influenza
- Prior art date
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Abstract
【解決手段】リンカー部分を介して、ヘマグルチニン結合能を有するレセプター擬似シアロ糖鎖部分と、疎水性部分と、ポリマー部分とが結合した化合物が、ウイルス表面にまとわりつくことによってヘマグルチニン及びシアリダーゼの両方を阻害し、ウイルスの細胞表面への吸着、ウイルスの出芽、感染等の機構をも阻害することを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
【選択図】図14
Description
カルボキシル基の保護基としては、メチルエステル、9−フルオレニルメチルエステル、メトキシメチルエステル、メチルチオメチルエステル、ベンジルオキシメチルエステル、トリクロロエチルエステル、トリメチルシリルエチルエステル、テトラヒドロフラニルエステル、tert−ブチルエステル等のエステル類や、tert−ブチルジメチルシリルエステル、tert−ブチルジフェニルシリルエステル、トリイソプロピルシリルエステル等のシリルエステル類等を挙げることができる。アミドの形成方法としては上述の通りである。
エステルの形成方法としては、カルボキシル基を持つ部位とヒドロキシル基を持つ部位とをジクロロメタンやN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド等の有機溶媒に溶解させ、カルボキシル基の活性化剤、及び触媒としての4−N,N−ジメチルアミノピリジンの共存下で反応を行うことで、目的のエステルを形成する反応を挙げることができる。カルボキシル基の活性化剤としては、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミドや1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミドやその塩酸塩等のカルボジイミド類、2,4,6−トリクロロ塩化ベンゾイル(山口法)、1−メチル−6−ニトロ安息香酸(椎名法)、2−ハロ−N−アルキルピリジニウム塩(向山縮合試薬)等の活性化剤を用いることができ、必要に応じてトリブチルアミン等の有機塩基を適宜用いても良い。
ステップ1)HA機能の阻害:HA結合能を有するレセプター擬似シアロ糖鎖部分が、HAレセプター結合ポケットと特異的に結合;
ステップ2)結合の増強:疎水性相互作用による、インフルエンザウイルスと本発明の化合物の結合;
ステップ3)空間的阻害:ポリマー部分が、疎水性相互作用によってNAスパイクなどウイルス粒子を取り囲み阻害;
上記化合物1(450mg、0.627mmol/東京化成工業製)と化合物2(750mg、0.987mmol/東京化成工業製)をDMF/MeOH(1/1、60ml)に溶解し、18時間攪拌した。反応終了をTLC(AcOEt/MeOH/H2O/AcOH=4/2/1/0.5)にて確認後、減圧濃縮した。得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(CHCl3/MeOH=3/1→2/1→1/1)に供し、上記化合物3(273mg、32%)を得た。
化合物3のRf値:0.63(AcOEt/MeOH/H2O/AcOH=4/2/1/0.5)HPTLCplates , Silica gel 60 F254による。化合物3のNMRスペクトルを図3に示す。
化合物3(260mg、0.191mmol)をMeOH(12ml)に溶解し、Et3N(0.6ml)を加え、20時間攪拌した。反応終了をTLC(AcOEt/MeOH/H2O/AcOH=4/2/1/0.5)にて確認後、減圧濃縮した。得られた残渣をゲルろ過カラムクロマトグラフィー(LH−20、MeOH)に供し、化合物4(211、mg、97%)を得た。
化合物4(158mg、0.139mmol)とポリグルタミン酸Na(平均分子量84,600、419mg、2.77mmol(グルタミン酸Naとして))をH2O(100ml)に溶解し、THF(50ml)及びDMTMM:4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium Chloride(385mg、1.39mmol)を加え、2時間攪拌した。反応終了をTLC(AcOEt/MeOH/H2O/AcOH=4/2/1/0.5)にて確認後、EtOHを加えて減圧濃縮した。得られた残渣を5%NaHCO3水溶液(80ml)に溶解し、ゲルろ過カラムクロマトグラフィー(G−25、MeOH)に供し、化合物5(530mg、92%)を得て、本発明の5%の糖鎖を含有するポリマー性化合物(以下、「糖鎖導入率5%のポリグルタミン酸化合物」ともいう)を得た。
同様の方法において、化合物4を0.0278mol使用することにより本発明の1%の糖鎖を含有するポリマー性化合物を、化合物4を0.278mol使用することにより本発明の10%の糖鎖を含有するポリマー性化合物を得た。
・糖鎖導入量:1分子あたり5.8個(=560Glu×5%)
・平均分子量:116,520(=84,600+(1140×28))
・1μgあたりの糖鎖モル数:1[μg]/116,520×5.6[Glu]=6.15×10−5[μmol]
・糖鎖導入量:1分子あたり28個(=560Glu×5%)
・平均分子量:116,520(=84,600+(1140×28))
・1μgあたりの糖鎖モル数:1[μg]/116,520×28[Glu]=2.40×10−4[μmol]
・糖鎖導入量:1分子あたり28個(=560Glu×5%)
・平均分子量:116,520(=84,600+(1140×56))
・1μgあたりの糖鎖モル数:1[μg]/116,520×56[Glu]=3.77×10−4[μmol]
なお、1μg中の糖鎖のみの重量(NeuLacNAc、分子量674)は、前記導入率1%、5%、10%でそれぞれ0.04μg、0.16μg、0.25μgであった。
[実験材料]
1)ウイルス
ウイルスはA型2009年パンデミック株A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1)、季節性ウイルスであるA香港型株A/Yamaguchi/20/2006 (H1N1)及びAソ連型A/Aichi/75/2008 (H3N2)、B型臨床分離株B/Aichi/3/2008 (64HAU)を用いた。Seed virusを5%Fetal bovine serum(FBS、SIGMA社製)Minimum essential medium(MEM、Invitrogen社製)培地、5%CO2条件下、37℃で培養したLewis lung carcinoma-monkey kidney(LLC−MK2)細胞に接種し、室温で1時間感染させた後、1μg/mlのアセチルトリプシン(SIGMA社製)と0.1%Bovine Serum Albumin(BSA、ナカライテスク社製)を含有するMEM培地で5%CO2条件下34℃、3日間培養した。ウイルスを含む培養上清を4℃で2時間遠心分離(25,000rpm)した。上清を除去後、沈殿したウイルスを少量のPhosphate buffered saline(PBS)に懸濁し、50%グリセロール−PBS溶液に重層し、4℃で2時間遠心分離(38,000rpm)した後、PBSに懸濁して用いた。又は、ウイルスの培養及び精製方法は特開2006−241024号公報、や他の文献など)に記載の方法と同様に行った。
本発明の化合物の細胞毒性について以下の方法で調べた。
1)方法
MDCK細胞をトリプシン(トリプシン−EDTA、invitrogen社製)で剥離し、血球計算板で細胞数を計算して増殖用培地で2×105cells/mlとした細胞懸濁液を調製した。96穴プレートに前記細胞懸濁液(100μl/well)を加え、CO2インキュベーターで、37℃、一晩培養した。その翌日、化合物サンプル(ストック:20mg/ml)を培地で0.1〜10mg/mlの濃度に希釈した。96穴プレートの培地を除去し、上記の希釈したサンプル液を100μl/well加えた。対照として、サンプルを加えていない培地を用いた。各化合物サンプル濃度について、3穴サンプルを調整し使用した。72時間後に、生細胞数を、trypan blue exclusion法で計算した。対照の細胞数を100%とした時のサンプル添加区の%を計算し、片対数グラフ上で50%増殖阻害濃度(CC50)を求めた。
0〜1mg/mlの濃度で細胞毒性は見られず、化合物サンプルのCC50は、6.5±0.14mg/mlとなった。
以下のインフルエンザ株に対する本発明の化合物のHA阻害活性を、赤血球凝集阻止活性を指標に調べた;2009年パンデミック株A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1)、パンデミックと同じ亜型のヒト感染性の季節性インフルエンザウイルスA/Aichi/28/2008 (H1N1)(A/HongKong型)、A/Aichi/75/2008 (H3N2)パンデミックと異なる亜型のヒト感染性の季節性ウイルス(A/ソ連型)。
ウイルス赤血球凝集阻害活性は以下の通り行った。赤血球凝集阻害活性の測定は、96ウェルマイクロプレート(会社名BD Falcon(登録商標);製品名Microtest(登録商標)96-well Assay Plate、Black Flat Bottom、Enhanced Surface、Nonsterile No Lid)、モルモット赤血球を用いて行った。なお、陽性対照としてフェツイン(fetuin)を用いた。本発明の化合物(糖鎖導入率5%のポリグルタミン酸化合物)又はフェツインの0.01%(w/v)ゼラチン含有PBS溶液(初濃度2mM、順次倍ずつに希釈)に各ウイルス混濁液(4HAU、4赤血球凝集単位)を100μl添加し、4℃で1時間保温した後、0.5%モルモット赤血球−PBS混濁液を滴下(0.5mL/well)し、さらに4℃で1時間保温した。凝集阻害活性は凝集を完全に阻害する化合物の濃度、すなわちモルモット赤血球凝集最小阻止濃度を調べた。
モルモット赤血球凝集最小阻止濃度を表2に示す。値が小さいほど阻害活性が高いことを示す。
以下のウイルスに対する本発明の化合物のシアリダーゼ阻害活性を調べた;ヒト臨床分離株A型インフルエンザウイルス(A型2009年パンデミック株(H1N1)、又は季節性株(A香港型H3N2、Aソ連型H1N1)。
蛍光測定用96ウェルマイクロプレート(会社名BD Falcon(登録商標);製品名Microtest(登録商標) 96-well Assay Plate、Black Flat Bottom、Enhanced Surface、 Nonsterile No Lid)に100mM酢酸緩衝液(pH4.6)で20μg/mlに希釈したウイルス−PBS懸濁液2μlと6.67×10−2〜6.67×10−6mg/mLの間で希釈した試験化合物懸濁液1μl及び超純粋(ミリQ水)1μlを混和し、氷上で1時間反応させた。さらに、0.4mM 4−MU 1μlを加えシェイカーで撹拌した後、37℃、30分間反応させ、100mM炭酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH10.8)100μlを加え反応を停止した。各反応液を、マルチラベルカウンター(会社名パーキンエルマーライフサイエンスジャパン株式会社;機器名Wallac 1420 ARVOsxマルチラベルカウンター)を用いて、励起波長355nm、蛍光波長460nmで測定した。試験化合物として、糖鎖1%導入ポリグルタミン酸を含む本発明の化合物、糖鎖5%導入ポリグルタミン酸を含む本発明の化合物、糖鎖10%導入ポリグルタミン酸を含む本発明の化合物を用いた。
結果を図10に示す。試験化合物はいずれも、A型2009年パンデミック株(H1N1)、A香港型H3N2、及びAソ連型H1N1全てのインフルエンザウイルスに対してシアリダーゼ阻害活性を強く阻害した。図11のAに0.07mg/mL(70ug/ml、分子量10万として:0.7nM)の濃度における本発明の化合物(糖鎖導入率5%のポリグルタミン酸化合物)の各ウイルスに対するシアリダーゼ阻害活性を示す。また図11のBのグラフに、季節性ウイルスAソ連型(A/Aichi/75/2008 (H3N2))における、試験化合物濃度と阻害活性の関係を示す。季節性ウイルスAソ連型(A/Aichi/75/2008 (H3N2))に対するIC50は糖鎖導入率1%のポリグルタミン酸化合物で0.0080mg/ml、糖鎖導入率5%のポリグルタミン酸化合物で0.0052mg/ml、糖鎖導入率10%のポリグルタミン酸化合物で0.0022mg/mlであった。低濃度において本発明の化合物は効果的にシアリダーゼ阻害活性を示すことがわかった。
以下の各インフルエンザウイルスに対する本発明の化合物の結合につて調べた;2009年パンデミック株(A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1))、季節性インフルエンザウイルス株(A/Yamaguchi/20/2006 (H1N1)、季節性インフルエンザウイルス株(A/Aichi/75/2008 (H3N2))、B型臨床分離株(B/Aichi/3/2008)。
マイクロタイタープレートの各ウェルに、0〜200ng/wellの糖鎖導入率5%のポリグルタミン酸化合物のエタノール希釈溶液(50μl)を添加し、プレートを37℃で静置してエタノールを蒸発させた。次に、5%ウシ血清アルブミンを含有するリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)を各ウェルに200μlずつ加えて12時間以上静置した。このプレートをリン酸緩衝液で洗浄した後、0.2%BSAを含有するリン酸緩衝液で64HAUに調製した各ヒトインフルエンザウイルスの懸濁液を各ウェルに50μlずつ加え、4℃で12時間反応させた。ウェルをリン酸緩衝液で洗浄した後、プレートに結合したウイルスのシアリダーゼ活性を、上記と同様の方法で測定した。
結果を図12及び図13に示す。その結果、本発明の化合物(糖鎖導入率5%のポリグルタミン酸化合物)は、2009年パンデミック株(A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1))、季節性インフルエンザウイルス株(A/Yamaguchi/20/2006 (H1N1)、季節性インフルエンザウイルス株(A/Aichi/75/2008 (H3N2))、B型臨床分離株(B/Aichi/3/2008)いずれにも結合することが示された。
以下の各インフルエンザウイルスに対する本発明の化合物の感染阻害濃度を調べた;2009年パンデミック株A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1)、季節性株A/Yamaguchi/20/2006 (H1N1)、季節性株A/Aichi/75/2008 (H3N2)、実験室株B/Lee/40、臨床分離株B/Aichi/3/2008 (Yamagata like strain)、鳥の低病原性株A/Mallard/Hokkaido/24/2009 (H5N1)、季節性株A/Aichi/102/2008 (H3N2)。
1)材料(MDCK SIAT-1細胞)
MDCK細胞に、シアル酸転移酵素であるSIAT−1遺伝子(薬剤耐性遺伝子を導入してあるため抗生物質G418を添加して培養する)を導入し、インフルエンザウイルスのヒト型レセプター糖鎖であるNeu5Acα2-6Gal結合の糖鎖を強制発現させた細胞である。
MDCK SIAT-1細胞をコンフルエントになるまで培養した(これをコンフルエント細胞と呼ぶ)。コンフルエント細胞から、培養液を除去し、培養液に含まれる血清、抗生物質G418を除去した。コンフルエント細胞及びウイルス(例えば、A/Narita/1/2009 H1N1、MOI:0.03 Plaque-forming units (pfu)/cell)を異なる量の阻害剤、2mM L-glutamine及びペニシリン(100U/ml)−ストレプトマイシン(100mg/ml)を含むMEM培地とともに各々37℃又は4℃で1時間あらかじめ保温した。1時間後、コンフルエント細胞から阻害剤含有培地を除去し、あらかじめ4℃で1時間阻害剤を含む培養液で処理したウイルスー阻害剤培地と置き換え、37℃、1時間、CO2インキュベータ内で保温する。その後、細胞を培地で1回洗い、同じ阻害剤濃度及び2μg/mlのアセチルトリプシンを付加した培地を加えてCO2インキュベータで24時間37℃培養する。その後、感染細胞をメタノールで固定化し、感染細胞のウイルス抗原を蛍光定量法(Nongluk Sriwilaijaroenら、Virology Journal, 6, 124 (2009))により蛍光発色させ、DEPDA−CN蛍光光度計で測定した。すなわち、阻害剤処理感染細胞及び未処理対照感染細胞を一次抗体であるマウス抗インフルエンザウイルスヌクレオプロテイン抗体(4E6)と反応後、二次抗体であるβ−ガラクトシダーゼ標識抗マウス抗体と反応させ、結合した2次抗体量を、基質である4−メチルウンベリフェリル−β−ガラクトシド(MU−Gal)を加え、遊離した4−メチルウンベリフェロン(MU)を励起波長336nm及び透過波長490nmで測定することにより測定した。
結果を表3に示す。
Claims (13)
- 下記の式(I)
(式中、Sは、ヘマグルチニン結合能を有するレセプター擬似シアロ糖鎖部分であり、Lは5オングストローム以上の構造を有するリンカー部分であり、Cは分岐構造や2重結合を有しても良い炭素数3〜35のアルキル基である疎水性部分であり、Pは鎖長100オングストローム以上のポリマー部分を表す)で示される化合物又はその塩。 - ヘマグルチニン結合能を有するレセプター擬似シアロ糖鎖部分が、Neu5Acα2−6Galβ1−4(3)GlcNAcβ1構造を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の化合物又はその塩。
- ポリマー部分が、ポリグルタミン酸であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の化合物又はその塩。
- リンカー部分が、リジンであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩。
- 下記の式(II)
(式中、PGAは式(III)
を表し、m及びnは、mは整数であって(m+1)nが50〜1000である。)で示される化合物又はその塩を有効成分とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩を有効成分とする、インフルエンザウイルスのヘマグルチニン機能及びシアリダーゼ阻害剤。
- シアリダーゼがノイラミニダーゼであることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の阻害剤。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩を有効成分とする、インフルエンザウイルスの感染及び出芽、並びに細胞表面への吸着阻害剤。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩を有効成分とする、インフルエンザ予防又は治療薬。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩を有効成分とするインフルエンザウイルスの吸着剤。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩を担持させたインフルエンザウイルスの吸着材。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩を担持させたインフルエンザウイルスの変異を調べるためのキット。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩を有効成分とするインフルエンザウイルスの生体内動態を調べるためのキット。
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