JP2013204461A - Pressure exchanging device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an efficient pressure exchanging device which can be compact with reduced cost without reducing a processing flow rate.SOLUTION: A first end cover side first pressure part communicating with a first fluid inlet part 21, a first end cover side second pressure part communicating with a first fluid outlet part 24, and a first end cover side intermediate pressure part between the first end cover side first pressure part and the first end cover side second pressure part, are formed to a joint part between a first end cover 20 and a first side member 50, so that they respectively correspond to a first pressure region communicating with a first fluid inlet path 51 and a second pressure region communicating with the first fluid outlet path 54 which are formed to a clearance between a rotor 40 and the first side member 50, and an intermediate pressure region between the first pressure region and the second pressure region.

Description

  The present invention relates to a pressure exchange device that exchanges pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid.

  In seawater desalination facilities that use reverse osmosis membrane devices, the pressure of high-pressure concentrated seawater, which is high-pressure concentrated fluid drained from the reverse osmosis membrane device, is increased by the pressure of low-pressure seawater, which is the concentrated fluid supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane device. A pressure exchanging device is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 14, Patent Document 1 describes a pressure exchange device including a rotor 80 in which a plurality of tubular pressure transmission units are arranged around a rotation axis.

  As the rotor 80 rotates, the pressure exchange device causes the high-pressure concentrated seawater supplied to the high-pressure inlet-side port 82 and the low-pressure seawater supplied to the low-pressure inlet-side port 81 to come into contact with each other by the pressure transmission unit. The low-pressure seawater boosted by the pressure of the seawater is drained as high-pressure seawater from the high-pressure outlet-side port 83, and the low-pressure concentrated seawater that has been transmitted by the low-pressure seawater supplied to the low-pressure inlet-side port 81 It is configured to drain from.

  As shown in FIG. 15, Patent Document 2 describes a pressure exchanging device including a rotating body 90 including a pair of rotating plates 91 and 92 and a shaft 93 connecting the rotating plates 91 and 92. Yes.

  One rotating plate 91 guides the low-pressure seawater supplied to the low-pressure inlet side port 95 to the pressure transmission unit 96 and the high-pressure seawater drained from the pressure transmission unit 96 to the high-pressure outlet side port 97. A flow path 91b is formed.

  The other rotary plate 92 has a flow path 92b for guiding the high-pressure concentrated seawater supplied to the high-pressure inlet side port 94 to the pressure transmission unit 96, and the low-pressure concentrated seawater drained from the pressure transmission unit 96 at the low-pressure outlet side port 98. A flow path 92a is formed to guide the flow.

  The pressure exchanging device converts the high-pressure concentrated seawater supplied to the high-pressure inlet-side port 94 and the low-pressure seawater supplied to the low-pressure inlet-side port 95 in the tubular pressure transmission unit 96 as the rotating body 90 rotates. The low-pressure seawater that has been brought into contact and drained as high-pressure seawater from the high-pressure outlet side port 97 is increased by the pressure of the high-pressure concentrated seawater. It is configured to drain from the low pressure outlet side port 98.

US Patent Application Publication No. 2008090903 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 200710056401

  In the pressure exchanging device described in Patent Document 1, since the processing flow rate to which pressure is transmitted is determined depending on the cross-sectional area of the tubular pressure transmission portion disposed in the rotor 80, in order to increase the processing flow rate, It is necessary to increase the number of transmission parts or to increase the cross-sectional area per pressure transmission part. In any case, the rotor 80 becomes large, and the pressure exchange device becomes large accordingly. The weight also increases.

  In general, the rotor 80 is formed of an expensive material such as ceramics in order to satisfy conditions such as weight reduction, high rigidity, wear resistance, and a low friction coefficient. Along with this, there is a problem that material costs and manufacturing costs increase.

  Furthermore, the torque required to rotate the large rotor 80 also increases, requiring more energy than the case of rotating the small rotor 80, and there is a problem that efficiency is lowered. For these reasons, it has been extremely difficult to increase the processing flow rate per pressure exchange device.

  Therefore, a large number of pressure exchange devices have been installed in a large-scale seawater desalination facility that desalinates a large amount of seawater. However, when the number of installed pressure exchange devices increases, there is a problem that the construction and management of piping connecting the pressure exchange devices becomes complicated.

  In the pressure exchanging device described in Patent Document 2, each of the flow path 91b formed in one rotary plate 91 and the flow path 92b formed in the other rotary plate 92 extends along the axial direction inside the rotary body. Since the flow path formed in the circumferential direction communicates with the remaining flow path, a thickness for forming the flow path on the rotating plates 91 and 92 is required. For this reason, there is a problem that the rotating plates 91 and 92 become large and material costs and processing costs increase.

  Further, when the weight increases due to an increase in the size of the rotating plates 91 and 92, torsional and bending stress acting on the shaft portion 93 when the rotating body 90 rotates increases, and the shaft portion 93 is thickened to prevent deformation and breakage. In addition to this, there is a problem in that the energy required for rotation increases and efficiency decreases.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an efficient pressure exchange device that can be made compact and cost-effective without reducing the processing flow rate.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first characteristic configuration of the pressure exchange device according to the present invention is that pressure is applied between the first fluid and the second fluid as described in claim 1 of the claims. A pressure exchanging device for exchanging, wherein the first flow path through which the first fluid flows in and out and the second flow path through which the second fluid flows in and out pass in the direction of the rotation axis. A rotating body disposed around, a first fluid inflow passage for guiding the first fluid to the first flow path, and a first fluid pressure-exchanged between the second fluid from the first flow path. A first fluid outflow passage that guides the first side member formed in the thickness direction; a second side member that rotatably sandwiches the rotating body between the first side member; A first fluid inflow portion that is disposed outside the first side member and communicates with the first fluid inflow passage, and communicates with the first fluid outflow passage. A first end cover in which a first fluid outflow portion is formed; and a second end cover disposed outside the second side member; and a surface of the first side member facing the rotating body. A formed first pressure region for receiving the pressure of the first fluid supplied from the first fluid inflow path, and a second pressure region for receiving the pressure of the first fluid exchanged with the second fluid; The first fluid inflow portion communicates with a joint portion between the first end cover and the first side member so as to correspond to an intermediate pressure region between the first pressure region and the second pressure region, respectively. A first end cover side first pressure portion, a first end cover side second pressure portion communicating with the first fluid outflow portion, the first end cover side first pressure portion, and the first end cover side first pressure portion. The first end cover side intermediate pressure part is formed between the two pressure parts.

  Appropriate gaps are formed between the rotating body and the first side member, or between the rotating body and the second side member, and the first gap that flows into or out of the rotating body is formed in this gap. Fluid or second fluid enters. The first fluid and the second fluid that have entered the gap serve as a lubricant for smoothly rotating the rotating body. The pressure of the first fluid and the second fluid that have entered the gap between the rotating body and the first side member acts to push the rotating body toward the second side member. The pressure of the first fluid and the second fluid that have entered the gap between the rotating body and the second side member acts to push the rotating body toward the first side member.

  As described above, the rotating body is maintained in the rotation posture with the first side member or the second side member by the first fluid and the second fluid that have entered the gaps, thereby enabling smooth rotation. . Since the possibility of sliding between the rotating body and the first side member and between the rotating body and the second side member is reduced, the lifetime can be extended without using an expensive wear-resistant material. In addition, since the rotating body is formed to have a large diameter in order to increase the processing flow rate, and the cross-sectional area of the first flow path and the second flow path constituting the pressure transmission unit is increased, the possibility of sliding is reduced. Energy required for rotational driving can be kept low.

  By the way, the first side member is caused by the pressure of the first fluid that has entered the gap between the rotating body and the first side member and the pressure of the first fluid applied to the surface of the first fluid inflow path that faces the rotating body. The force pushed to the first end cover side arranged on the outside acts. If the gap between the rotating body and the first side member varies due to such a pressing force, the pressure distribution of the fluid in the gap varies, and the rotation of the rotating body becomes unstable. Moreover, since the amount of leakage increases when the gap increases, the efficiency of pressure exchange decreases.

  Therefore, it is conceivable to press the first side member from the first end cover side to the rotating body side. However, if this pressing force is greater than the pressing force on the rotating body side, there is a problem that the clearance between the rotating body and the first side member becomes smaller and the sliding resistance increases. On the other hand, if the pressing force on the first end cover side of the first side member is smaller than the pressing force on the rotating body side, the gap between the rotating body and the first side member becomes large and the amount of fluid leakage increases and the pressure increases. There is a problem that the efficiency of the exchange is lowered.

  Further, the first side member is not pushed toward the first end cover with a uniform pressure over the entire area. Of the surface of the first side member facing the rotating body, the region where the first fluid supplied from the first fluid inflow path enters is the first pressure region where the pressure of the first fluid acts. ing. The area | region where the 1st fluid pressure-exchanged between the 2nd fluids approached among the said opposing surfaces becomes the 2nd pressure area | region where the pressure of the 1st fluid acts. In addition, the region between the first pressure region and the second pressure region in the facing surface is an intermediate between the pressure of the first fluid in the first pressure region and the pressure of the first fluid in the second pressure region. This is an intermediate pressure region where a large pressure acts. That is, the pressure acting on the surface of the first side member facing the rotating body varies depending on the position.

  Therefore, the axial center of the rotating body is sandwiched between each pressure region formed on the rotating body side surface of the first side member and the first side member at the joint between the first end cover and the first side member. The first end cover side first pressure part communicating with the first fluid inflow part, the first end cover side second pressure part communicating with the first fluid outflow part, and the first so as to correspond respectively to the direction view A first end cover side intermediate pressure part is formed between the end cover side first pressure part and the first end cover side second pressure part.

  In this way, according to the pressure distribution that pushes the first side member toward the first end cover, the pressure distribution that pushes the first side member toward the rotator is sandwiched between the first side member and the axis of the rotator. By making each correspond in the direction view, it is possible to balance the pressing force acting on both surfaces of the first side member. Thereby, it is suppressed that bending occurs in the 1st side member. Since generation | occurrence | production of bending is suppressed, a 1st side member can be thinned. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the pressure exchange device.

  If the gap is too narrow, the rotating body can easily slide with the first side member. Conversely, if it is too wide, the amount of leakage of the first fluid and the second fluid increases, and the pressure exchange efficiency decreases. Accordingly, the gap is preferably set to about 1 to 100 μm.

  As described in the second aspect, in addition to the first feature configuration described above, the second feature configuration includes a second fluid that guides a second fluid to the first side member and the second fluid. An inflow path and a second fluid outflow path for guiding the second fluid pressure-exchanged between the first fluid from the second flow path are formed in the thickness direction, and the second fluid inflow into the first end cover A second fluid inflow portion communicating with the passage and a second fluid outflow portion communicating with the second fluid outflow passage are formed, and the second fluid inflow portion is formed on a surface of the first side member facing the rotating body. A second pressure region that receives the pressure of the second fluid supplied from the fluid inflow path, a first pressure region that receives the pressure of the second fluid exchanged with the first fluid, and the second pressure region. The first end cover and the first side member so as to correspond to an intermediate pressure region between the first pressure regions, respectively. A first end cover side second pressure portion communicating with the second fluid inflow portion, a first end cover side first pressure portion communicating with the second fluid outflow portion, and the first end cover. A first end cover side intermediate pressure part is formed between the side second pressure part and the first end cover side first pressure part.

  The rotating body is rotatably held between the first side member and the second side member connected via a support shaft. The rotating body is disposed around the rotation axis so that the first flow path and the second flow path penetrate in the direction of the rotation axis, and the first fluid or the second fluid is allowed to flow from one end side of the rotation body. The pressure is exchanged between the first fluid and the second fluid, and the first fluid or the second fluid flows out from the one end side.

  Therefore, the length of the rotating body in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotating body is higher when pressure exchange at the same flow rate is performed as compared with a pressure transmission unit configured by a straight pipe, such as the conventional pressure exchange device described in Patent Document 1. Since the length can be shortened, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the apparatus. Even when the pressure exchange flow rate is increased, it is possible to avoid an extreme increase in size of the apparatus.

  Further, in the conventional pressure exchange device, piping connected to each fluid inflow path or outflow path is installed on both ends of the rotating body. It was necessary to secure a large space for installing the piping on both ends of the pressure exchange device.

  By providing the first fluid inflow path, the second fluid outflow path, the second fluid inflow path, and the first fluid outflow path in the first side member, each pipe connecting the fluid inflow path and the outflow path is the first side. It can be installed collectively on the side member side. Therefore, the installation space including the piping can be made compact. Furthermore, workability such as installation work and maintenance work of each pipe is improved.

  Furthermore, the second fluid supplied from the second fluid inflow passage formed in the surface of the first side member facing the rotating body and entering the gap between the first side member and the rotating body. A second pressure region that receives pressure, a first pressure region that receives the pressure of the second fluid that has been pressure-exchanged between the first fluid that has entered the gap, and the second pressure region and the first pressure region. The second fluid flows into the joint between the first end cover and the first side member so as to correspond to the intermediate pressure region between the first side member and the first side member, respectively. A first end cover side second pressure part communicating with the first end cover side, a first end cover side first pressure part communicating with the second fluid outflow part, a first end cover side first pressure part, and a first end cover side first pressure part. By forming the first end cover side intermediate pressure part between the two pressure parts, the first side member is connected to the first end. Depending on the pressure distribution pressing the bar side, the pressure distribution to press the first side member to the rotor side so as to correspond, it is possible to balance the pressing force acting on both surfaces of the first side member. Thereby, it is suppressed that bending occurs in the 1st side member.

  In the third feature configuration, in addition to the first or second feature configuration described above, the fluid in the intermediate pressure region is guided to the first end cover side intermediate pressure portion. It is in the point provided with a communication part.

  Since the fluid in the intermediate pressure region is guided to the first end cover side intermediate pressure portion via the communicating portion, the same fluid pressure acts on the intermediate pressure region and the first end cover side intermediate pressure portion. Such a communication part can be constituted by a communication hole formed by penetrating the first side member in the thickness direction, a communication groove formed by penetrating the first side member in the thickness direction, or the like.

  In the fourth feature configuration, as described in claim 4, in addition to the third feature configuration described above, the rotating body and the second end cover are disposed between the first end cover and the second end cover. A cylindrical casing that accommodates the first side member and the second side member is disposed, and the communication portion is formed between the first side member and the cylindrical casing.

  The communication part includes a communication hole formed through the first side member in the thickness direction, a communication groove formed through the first side member in the thickness direction, a communication groove formed in the cylindrical casing, It can comprise by the clearance gap between the outer peripheral surface of a side member, and the internal peripheral surface of a cylindrical casing.

  In the fifth feature configuration, as described in the fifth aspect, in addition to the fourth feature configuration described above, the first side member and the second side are disposed between the rotating body and the cylindrical casing. The holding member is sandwiched by the two-way members, and the holding member is formed with a communication path communicating the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the holding member.

  By making the distance between the first side member and the second side member slightly longer than the length of the rotating body in the axial direction by the holding member, the clearance between the rotating body and the first side member, It becomes easy to manage the gap between the two side members.

  An appropriate gap is formed between the rotating body and the holding member, and the first fluid or the second fluid enters the gap. The first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the gap serves as a lubricant for smoothly rotating the rotating body. The first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the gap between the rotating body and the holding member is guided from the inner peripheral surface of the holding member to the outer peripheral surface via the communication path to reduce the pressure difference acting on the inner and outer surfaces of the holding member. be able to. Accordingly, the holding member can be made thin. Further, the fluid guided to the outer peripheral surface of the holding member can be guided to the first end cover side intermediate pressure portion.

  In the sixth feature configuration, as described in claim 6, in addition to any one of the first to fifth feature configurations described above, the second side member is a surface facing the rotating body. A first pressure region in a region facing the first pressure region through the rotating body, a second pressure region in a region facing the second pressure region through the rotating body, and the intermediate pressure region. An intermediate pressure region is formed in a region facing through the rotating body, and a second end cover side corresponding to the first pressure region is formed at a joint portion between the second end cover and the second side member. One pressure part is that a second end cover side second pressure part corresponding to the second pressure region is formed, and a second end cover side intermediate pressure part corresponding to the intermediate pressure region is formed.

  The first pressure region, the second pressure region, and the intermediate pressure region rotate across the rotating body on the surface facing the first side member of the rotating body and the surface facing the second side member, respectively. Since they are formed so as to correspond to each other when viewed in the axial direction of the body, it is possible to balance the pressing forces acting on the two opposing surfaces of the rotating body. Therefore, the rotating body can rotate smoothly.

  The second side member is not pushed toward the second end cover side with a uniform pressure over the entire area. The second pressure region, the first pressure region, and the intermediate pressure region formed on the surface of the second side member facing the rotating body have different pressing forces. That is, the pressure acting on the surface of the second side member facing the rotating body varies depending on the position.

  Therefore, the axial center of the rotating body is sandwiched between each pressure region and the second side member formed on the surface of the second side member on the rotating body side at the joint between the second end cover and the second side member. A second end cover-side first pressure part, a second end cover-side second pressure part, and a second end cover-side intermediate pressure part are formed so as to correspond to each when viewed from the direction.

  In this way, the pressure distribution that pushes the second side member toward the rotating body is made to correspond to the pressure distribution that pushes the second side member toward the second end cover, thereby acting on both surfaces of the second side member. The pressing force to be balanced can be balanced. Thereby, it is suppressed that bending occurs in the 2nd side member. Since generation | occurrence | production of bending is suppressed, a 2nd side member can be thinned. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the pressure exchange device.

  In the seventh feature configuration, as described in the seventh aspect, in addition to the sixth feature configuration described above, the second side member is configured to cause the fluid in the intermediate pressure region to flow in the middle of the second end cover side. It is in the point provided with the communicating part which leads to a pressure part.

  Since the fluid in the intermediate pressure region is guided to the second end cover side intermediate pressure portion via the communicating portion, the pressure of the same fluid in the intermediate pressure region of the second side member and the second end cover side intermediate pressure portion is the same. Works. Such a communication part can be constituted by a communication hole formed by penetrating the first side member in the thickness direction, a communication groove formed by penetrating in the thickness direction around the second side member, and the like.

  In the eighth feature configuration, in addition to the seventh feature configuration described above, between the first end cover and the second end cover, the rotating body and the second feature configuration are provided. A cylindrical casing that accommodates the first side member and the second side member is disposed, and the communication portion is formed between the second side member and the cylindrical casing.

  The communication portion includes a communication hole formed through the second side member in the thickness direction, a communication groove formed through the second side member in the thickness direction, a communication groove formed in the cylindrical casing, It can comprise by the clearance gap between the outer peripheral surface of a side member, and the internal peripheral surface of a cylindrical casing.

  In the ninth feature configuration, in addition to any one of the first to eighth feature configurations described above, the first lateral member, the rotating body, and the second lateral configuration, as described in claim 9. A support shaft penetrating the member, a first closed space including one end of the support shaft formed between the first side member and the first end cover, the second side member, and the first A second closed space including the other end of the support shaft formed between the two end covers, an insertion space of the support shaft formed in the rotating body, and the first closed space and the insertion space. It is in the point provided with the 1st communicating path which connects, and the 2nd communicating path which connects the 2nd closed space and the insertion space.

  The first fluid and the second fluid flow into the insertion space of the support shaft formed in the rotating body. A pressing force to the outside acts on the surfaces of the first side member and the second side member facing the insertion space, respectively, by the pressure of these fluids. By connecting the first closed space and the insertion space through the first communication path, the pressure of the fluid that has entered the first closed space pushes the first closed space inwardly acts. By connecting the second closed space and the insertion space through the second communication path, the pressure of the fluid that has entered the second closed space acts to push the second closed space inward. In this way, since the pressing force acting on both surfaces of the first side member and the second side member facing the insertion space can be made the same, the first side member and the second side member can be made the same. Generation | occurrence | production of the bending of a member can be suppressed.

  In the tenth feature, as described in claim 10, in addition to any one of the second to ninth features described above, flow communication between the first flow channel and the second flow channel. The point exists in the point currently formed in the said 2nd side member.

  The first flow path and the second flow path are communicated with each other by the flow path communicating portion formed in the second side member, and pressure is exchanged between the first fluid and the second fluid.

  The eleventh characteristic configuration is that, as described in claim 11, in addition to the tenth characteristic configuration described above, the flow passage communicating portion is formed so as to penetrate the second side member. .

  The second side member is not applied with a force that pushes the second end member toward the second end cover by the first fluid or the second fluid. Therefore, the second side member can be thinned. In addition, manufacturing is facilitated by forming the flow passage communicating portion therethrough.

  The twelfth feature configuration is configured such that, in addition to the tenth or eleventh feature configuration described above, the rotating body is visible from a part of the second end cover. It is in the point.

  For example, a part of the second end cover is made of a permeable member, or a part of the second end cover is provided with an inspection window through which the rotating body can be visually checked. In this case, it can be easily confirmed from the outside whether or not the rotating body is rotating smoothly.

  The thirteenth feature configuration is the channel of the first channel and the second channel in addition to any one of the first to ninth feature configurations described above. The communication portion is formed in the rotating body.

  The first flow path and the second flow path are communicated with each other by a flow path communication portion formed in the rotating body, and pressure is exchanged between the first fluid and the second fluid.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an efficient pressure exchange device that can be made compact and cost-effective without reducing the processing flow rate.

Outline flow chart of seawater desalination facility It is explanatory drawing of a pressure exchange apparatus, (a) is a front view, (b) is a sectional side view It is explanatory drawing of a rotary body, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is sectional side view It is explanatory drawing of a 1st side member, (a) is a front view, (b) is the sectional view on the AA line of Fig.4 (a), (c) is a rear view. (A) is a BB line arrow view of the 1st fluid inflow passage shown in Drawing 4 (a), (b) is a CC line arrow view of the 2nd fluid outflow passage shown in Drawing 4 (a), (C) is a DD line arrow view of the 2nd fluid inflow passage shown in Drawing 4 (a), (d) is an EE line arrow view of the 1st fluid outflow passage shown in Drawing 4 (a). It is explanatory drawing of a 2nd side member, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is FF sectional view taken on the line of Fig.6 (a), (c) is a rear view. It is explanatory drawing of a holding member, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is sectional side view It is explanatory drawing of a 1st end cover, (a) is a front view, (b) is the GG sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 8 (a), (c) is a rear view. It is explanatory drawing of a 2nd end cover, (a) is a front view, (b) is HH sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 9 (a), (c) is a rear view. Explanatory drawing which shows the position of each inflow path and each outflow path formed in each flow path formed in the rotating body and the first side member. Schematic diagram of pressure exchange device (A) is a sectional side view of the rotating body, (b) is a sectional side view of the rotating body. It is explanatory drawing of a pressure exchange apparatus, (a) is a front view, (b) is a sectional side view, (c) is a rear view. Explanatory drawing of conventional pressure exchange device Explanatory drawing of conventional pressure exchange device

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the pressure exchange device according to the present invention will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the seawater desalination facility is a facility that desalinates seawater, and includes a pretreatment device 1, a filtered seawater tank 2, a supply pump 3, a safety filter 4, a booster pump 5, A reverse osmosis membrane device 6 is provided.

  First, the seawater is decontaminated by the pretreatment device 1 and stored in the filtered water tank 2. Seawater stored in the filtered water tank 2 is supplied to the security filter 4 by the supply pump 3. The safety filter 4 removes fine foreign substances contained in seawater in order to prevent clogging of the reverse osmosis membrane of the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 installed in the subsequent stage. Seawater that has been boosted to a predetermined pressure equal to or higher than the osmotic pressure by the booster pump 5 is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane device 6.

  The high-pressure seawater supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 is filtered through the reverse osmosis membrane to obtain fresh water from which various salts in the seawater have been removed. The fresh water thus obtained is used as drinking water, industrial water or the like.

  By the way, the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 cannot desalinate all the supplied seawater. For example, 40% of the seawater supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 is desalinated, but the remaining 60% is drained from the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 without being desalinated. This 60% concentrated seawater that has not been desalinated has very high pressure.

  Therefore, the seawater desalination facility is equipped with a pressure exchange device 10, and the pressure of the concentrated seawater (hereinafter referred to as "high pressure concentrated seawater Hi") discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 with a very high pressure is reverse osmosis membrane. By using it for boosting the seawater supplied to the device 6, the energy efficiency of the seawater desalination facility as a whole is improved.

  For example, 40% of the supply amount of seawater supplied from the safety filter 4 to the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 is increased by the high pressure pump 5 to a predetermined pressure of 6.9 MPa that is equal to or higher than the osmotic pressure. The remaining 60% seawater (hereinafter referred to as “low-pressure seawater Li”) is pressurized to 6.9 MPa by the pressure exchanger 10 and the booster pump 7.

  The pressure exchange device 10 is supplied with low-pressure seawater Li and high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi drained from the reverse osmosis membrane device 6. In the pressure exchanger 10, the low-pressure seawater Li is boosted to 6.75 MPa by the pressure of the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi, and discharged as high-pressure seawater Ho. The high-pressure seawater Ho is boosted to 6.9 MPa by the booster pump 7 and supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane device 6. The high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi that has transmitted pressure to the low-pressure seawater Li in the pressure exchange device 10 is drained as low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo. In the present embodiment, the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi and the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo are the first fluid, and the low-pressure seawater Li and the high-pressure seawater Ho are the second fluid. Further, the low-pressure seawater Li is the fluid to be concentrated.

The configuration of the pressure exchange device 10 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the pressure exchanging device 10 is a cylindrical casing provided between a first end cover 20 and a second end cover 30 fastened via a connecting member 11. 12 is provided. The casing 12 accommodates a first side member 50 and a second side member 60 connected to the first side member 50 via the support shaft 13 and the holding member 14. Further, the rotating body 40 is sandwiched between the first side member 50 and the second side member 60 so as to be rotatable around the support shaft 13. Each component is made of a material having corrosion resistance to seawater and sufficient strength.

  The first side member 50 is supplied with the first fluid inflow passage 51 to which the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi drained from the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 is supplied, and the pressurized high-pressure seawater Ho is discharged to the reverse osmosis membrane device 6. The second fluid outflow passage 52, the second fluid inflow passage 53 to which the low-pressure seawater Li before being pressurized to be supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 is supplied, and the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo that has finished transmitting pressure. Is formed in the thickness direction of the first fluid outflow passage.

  In the rotating body 40, a plurality of first flow paths 41 and second flow paths 42 are arranged around the rotation axis so as to penetrate in the rotation axis direction. When the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi is supplied from the first fluid inflow path 51 to the first flow path 41, the low-pressure seawater Li is pressurized in the rotating body 40 to become high-pressure seawater Ho, and the high-pressure seawater Ho is discharged from the second flow path 42. It flows out to the second fluid outflow passage 52. When the low-pressure seawater Li is supplied from the second fluid inflow path 53 to the second flow path 42, the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi that has transmitted pressure to the low-pressure seawater Li in the rotating body 40 flows out of the first flow path 41 from the first fluid. It flows out to the road 54.

  The rotating body 40 has a first side member 50, a second side member 60, and a holding member by the fluid flowing in from the first side member 50 and the energy of each fluid flowing out to the first side member 50. 14 is configured to rotate around the support shaft 13 in the space defined by 14. Along with the rotation of the rotating body 40, the plurality of first flow paths 41 communicate with the first fluid inflow path 51 and the first fluid outflow path 54 in order, and the plurality of second flow paths 42 in order with the second fluid inflow path 53. The second fluid outflow passage 52 communicates with each other, and the inflow and outflow of each fluid to the rotating body 40 are continuously performed.

  A slight gap is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the rotating body 40 and the opposing surfaces of the first side member 50, the second side member 60, and the holding member 14, and the first fluid or the second fluid is formed in the gap. enter in. When the rotating body 40 rotates, the first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the gap acts as a lubricant, and the rotating body 40 is composed of the first side member 50, the second side member 60, and the holding member 14. It rotates smoothly in the partitioned space.

  In this way, the pressure exchange device 10 supplies the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi drained from the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 to the rotating body 40 that rotates inside, and the low-pressure seawater Li to be supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane device 6. Because the pressure of the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi is increased, the low-pressure seawater Li is boosted and discharged as high-pressure seawater Ho, and pressure exchange is continuously performed to drain the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi that has been transmitted as low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo. is there.

  Below, each part of the pressure exchange apparatus 10 is demonstrated in order.

First, the rotating body 40 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2B and 3A, 3B.
In the rotating body 40, an insertion space 43 into which the support shaft 13 can be inserted is formed at the center of the cylinder, and 16 first flow paths 41 and second flow paths 42 are arranged around the insertion space 43. It is configured to be arranged radially around. The first channel 41 and the second channel 42 are formed so as to penetrate between the end surface 40a and the end surface 40b of the rotating body 40 in the direction of the rotation axis. The first flow path 41 and the second flow path 42 are formed so that the cross-sectional areas of the flow paths are substantially equal.

  The high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi flows into the first flow path 41 from the end face 40a, and the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo that has finished transmitting pressure flows out of the first flow path 41 through the end face 40a. The low-pressure seawater Li flows into the second flow path 42 from the end face 40a, and the pressurized high-pressure seawater Ho flows out from the second flow path 42 through the end face 40a.

  At both ends of the insertion space 43, bearing portions 44 a and 44 b that are larger in diameter than the insertion space 43 are formed. Shaft portions 45a and 45b formed on the bearing portions 44a and 44b so as to protrude toward the bearing portions 44a and 44b of the rotating body 40 on the first side member 50 and the second side member 60, respectively. The rotor 40 is inserted into each of them, and is configured to rotate while being supported by shafts 45a and 45b. In addition, the structure which supports the rotary body 40 rotatably is not restricted to this. For example, the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 40 and the inner peripheral surface of the holding member 11 can be used as bearings. In this case, it is not necessary to provide the bearing portions 44a and 44b of the rotating body and the shaft portions 45a and 45b formed on the first side member 50 and the second side member, respectively. Furthermore, by forming the holding member integrally with the casing 12, the inner peripheral surface of the casing 12 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 40 can be used as bearings.

Next, the 1st side member 50 is demonstrated based on FIG.2 (b) and FIG.4 (a), (b), (c).
The 1st side member 50 is comprised by the disk shaped member. The first fluid inflow channel 51 to which the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi drained from the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 is supplied and the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo that has finished transmitting pressure are discharged to the outer peripheral side in front view of the disk-shaped member. The first fluid outflow passages 54 are formed in the thickness direction so as to penetrate the end face 50a and the end face 50b of the first side member 50, respectively. Further, the second fluid outflow passage 52 through which the pressurized high-pressure seawater Ho is discharged and the low-pressure seawater Li to be supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane device 6 are supplied to the inner peripheral side in front view of the disk-shaped member. The second fluid inflow passages 53 are formed in the thickness direction so as to penetrate the end face 50a and the end face 50b of the first side member 50, respectively.

  Each inflow passage and outflow passage are from the openings on the end face 50a side to the openings on the end face 50b side in front view of the first side member 50, and the flow path cross-section is in front view of the first side member 50. The flow path wall is formed so as to spread in the circumferential direction.

  The opening 51a on the end surface 50a side and the opening 51b on the end surface 50b side of the first fluid inflow passage 51 are each formed in a fan shape along the circumferential direction. The first fluid inflow passage 51 has a flow passage wall 51c (FIG. 5A) so that the flow passage cross section extends in the clockwise direction from the opening 51a to the opening 51b in a front view of the first side member 50. Reference) is formed.

  The opening 52a on the end surface 50a side and the opening 52b on the end surface 50b side of the second fluid outflow passage 52 are formed in a fan shape along the circumferential direction. The second fluid outflow path 52 has a flow path wall 52c (FIG. 5B) such that the cross section of the flow path extends in the counterclockwise direction in the front view of the first side member 50 from the opening 52a to the opening 52b. )) Is formed.

  The opening 53a on the end surface 50a side and the opening 53b on the end surface 50b side of the second fluid inflow passage 53 are formed in a fan shape along the circumferential direction. The second fluid inflow passage 53 has a flow passage wall 53c (FIG. 5C) so that the flow passage cross section extends in the clockwise direction from the opening 53a to the opening 53b in a front view of the first side member 50. Reference) is formed.

  The opening 54a on the end surface 50a side and the opening 54b on the end surface 50b side of the first fluid outflow passage 54 are formed in a fan shape along the circumferential direction. The second fluid outflow path 52 has a flow path wall 54c (FIG. 5D) so that the cross section of the flow path extends counterclockwise from the opening 54a to the opening 54b when the first side member 50 is viewed from the front. )) Is formed.

  A shaft portion 45a is formed at the center of the end surface 50b so as to protrude toward the bearing portion 43a of the rotating body 40. In the center of the shaft portion 45 a, an opening 55 that passes through one end of the support shaft 13 is formed in the thickness direction of the first side member 50. In the vicinity of the opening 55, a first communication path 56 is formed in the thickness direction. Further, in the outer peripheral portion of the first side member 50, when viewed from the front, from the axial center to the peripheral surface, the respective inflow passages and outflow passages are respectively formed at positions of 180 degrees along the axial direction. A third communication passage 57 is formed.

  The first communication path 56 may not be provided separately as in the present embodiment, but may be configured by providing a gap between the opening 55 and the support shaft 13. Further, the first communication path 56 is not necessarily formed in the first side member 50. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 13B, a communication path that connects the end of the support shaft 13 on the first side member 50 side and the insertion space 43 is formed on the support shaft 13, and the communication path is The first communication path 56 may function.

The 2nd side member 60 is demonstrated based on FIG.2 (b) and FIG. 6 (a), (b), (c).
The 2nd side member 60 is comprised by the disk shaped member. The disk-shaped member includes a first flow path 41 and a second flow path 42 at positions facing the openings 51b, 52b, 53b, and 54b (see FIG. 4C) of the first side member 50. Communicating portions 61a, 61b, 62a, 62b that communicate with each other are formed penetrating in the thickness direction. That is, 51b, 52b and 61a, 61b are substantially coincident with each other so that 53b, 54b and 62a, 62b overlap with each other when viewed in the axial direction.

  In the present embodiment, the communication units 61a, 61b and 62a, 62b communicate with the first flow path 41 and the second flow path 42, respectively, and exchange pressure between the first fluid and the second fluid. It functions as a part.

  The partition wall 61c that partitions the communication portion 61a and the communication portion 61b, and the partition wall 62c that partitions the communication portion 62a and the communication portion 62b are formed so that the respective end surfaces 60a are slightly deeper from the end surface 60a toward the end surface 60b. Has been.

  A shaft portion 45b is formed at the center of the end surface 60a so as to protrude toward the bearing portion 43b of the rotating body 40. In the center of the shaft portion 45 b, an opening 63 that passes through the other end of the support shaft 13 is formed in the thickness direction of the second side member 60. At the center of the end surface 60 b, a recess 64 is formed in which a nut that engages with the other end of the support shaft 13 inserted through the opening 63 is fitted. In the vicinity of the opening 63, a second communication path 65 is formed in the thickness direction.

  The second communication path 65 may not be provided separately as in the present embodiment, but may be configured by providing a gap between the opening 63 and the support shaft 13. Further, the second communication passage 65 is not necessarily formed in the second side member 60. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 13B, a communication path that connects the end of the support shaft 13 on the second side member 60 side and the insertion space 43 is formed on the support shaft 13, and the communication path is The second communication path 65 may function.

  Two groove portions are formed radially from the center to the circumferential direction between the communication portion 61a and the communication portion 62b of the end surface 60a. Similarly, two groove portions are formed radially from the center in the circumferential direction between the communication portion 61b and the communication portion 62a. Each of the two groove portions communicates with each other around the shaft portion 45 b to form communication grooves 66 and 67.

  Further, the outer peripheral portion of the second side member 60 corresponds to a third communication passage 57 formed in the first side member 50 in a region between the communication groove 66 and the communication groove 67 in a front view. A fourth communication path 68 along the axial direction is formed at the position where the first and second lines are located.

The holding member 14 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2B and 7A and 7B.
The holding member 14 is configured by a cylindrical member. The inner diameter of the cylindrical member is set slightly larger than the diameter of the rotating body 40, and the length thereof is set slightly longer than the length of the rotating body 40 in the rotational axis direction.

  On the inner peripheral surface of the holding member 14, a diameter-extended region 14 a having a diameter larger than the both end portions is formed in a region excluding both end portions, and the inner peripheral surface of the holding member 14 is formed at the center of the diameter-expanded region 14 a. A fifth communication path 14b that communicates with the outer peripheral surface is formed.

  Furthermore, a sixth communication path 14 c is formed on both end surfaces of the holding member 14 at a position of 180 degrees in front view.

  In the present embodiment, on the inner peripheral surface of the holding member 14, a diameter-expanded area 14a that is larger than the both end portions is formed in a region excluding both end portions, and is held at the center of the diameter-expanded region 14a. A fifth communication passage 14b that connects the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the member 14 is formed, and further, sixth communication passages 14c are formed on both end surfaces of the holding member 14 at a position of 180 degrees when viewed from the front. Although it is a structure, the diameter expansion area | region 14a and the 6th communicating path 14c do not necessarily need to be formed. Further, a reduced diameter region having a diameter smaller than the diameters of both end portions of the rotating body 40 may be formed in a region excluding both end portions of the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 40. Note that the fifth communication path 14 b may not be formed at the center of the holding member 14. Further, the number of the fifth communication passages 14b is not limited to two, and may be one or more than three.

  As shown in FIG. 2B, the support shaft 13 is composed of a rod-shaped member having male screws formed at both ends. One end is inserted into the opening 55 of the first side member 50 and screwed with a nut, and the other end is inserted into the opening 63 of the second side member 60 and screwed with a nut.

  The rotating body 40 in which the support shaft 13 is inserted into the insertion space 43 is accommodated in the holding member 14, the first side member 50 is disposed on one end side of the support shaft 13, and one end thereof is inserted into the opening 55. In a state where the second side member 60 is arranged on the side and the other end is inserted through the opening 63, both ends of the support shaft 48 are screwed together with nuts, so that the rotating body 40 is connected to the first side member 50. The second side member 50 is connected to the first side member 50 via the support shaft 13 and is rotatably held around the support shaft 13 in a space defined by the holding member 14.

  In the present embodiment, the pressure exchanging device 10 includes an external power for rotating the rotating body 40, a separate flow path switching mechanism for switching the inflow and outflow of the first fluid and the outflow and inflow directions of the second fluid. The rotating body is rotated by the flow of the first fluid and the second fluid, and inflow and outflow are switched. Here, a torque application mechanism that applies rotational torque to the rotating body 40 will be described.

  The first fluid inflow passage 51 and the second fluid inflow passage 53 are formed so that the flow passage wall extends in the clockwise direction. On the other hand, the second fluid outflow path 52 and the first fluid outflow path 54 are formed so that the flow path wall extends in the counterclockwise direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 5A to 5D, the flow path wall 51c of the first fluid inflow path 51 and the flow path wall 53c of the second fluid inflow path 53 have a fluid inflow direction as viewed from the end face 50a side. It is inclined so as to be in the clockwise direction. On the other hand, the flow path wall 52c of the second fluid outflow path 52 and the flow path wall 54c of the first fluid outflow path 54 are inclined in the opposite direction to the flow path wall 51c and the flow path wall 53c.

  As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the first fluid inflow channel 51 has a channel cross-section that extends in the clockwise direction from the opening 51a to the opening 51b in the front view of the first side member 50. A flow path wall 51 c is formed, and the opening 51 b communicates with a plurality of first flow paths 41 that are adjacent along the circumferential direction of the rotating body 40.

  The high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi supplied from the first fluid inflow portion 51 flows into the adjacent first flow paths 41 while being dispersed along the flow path wall 51 c in the first fluid inflow path 51. At this time, rightward pressure is applied to the wall surface (partition wall) between the first flow paths 41. That is, since the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi has a flow of a circumferential component in the clockwise direction of the rotating body 40 when viewed from the front, a force in the clockwise direction is applied to the rotating body 40.

  As shown in FIG. 5 (b), the second fluid outflow path 52 has a channel cross-section that extends in the counterclockwise direction from the opening 52a to the opening 52b in the front view of the first side member 50. A flow path wall 52c is formed in the opening 52b, and the opening 52b communicates with a plurality of second flow paths 42 adjacent along the circumferential direction of the rotating body 40.

  The high-pressure seawater Ho flowing through the adjacent second flow paths 42 merges at the opening 52b and flows out through the flow path wall 52c. At this time, the high-pressure seawater Ho moves rightward toward the wall surface (partition wall portion) between the second flow paths 42 so that the cross-sectional area of water flowing from the second flow path 42 to the second fluid outflow path 52 becomes larger. Apply pressure of That is, since the high-pressure seawater Ho has a flow of a circumferential component in the clockwise direction of the rotating body 40 when viewed from the front, a force in the clockwise direction is applied to the rotating body 40.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 5A, the torque applied to the rotating body 40 by the energy when the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi flows into the first flow path 41 from the first fluid inflow path 51, and FIG. ), The torque applied to the rotating body 40 by the energy when the high-pressure seawater Ho flows out from the second flow path 42 to the second fluid outflow path 52 is in the same direction.

  As shown in FIG. 5C, the torque applied to the rotator 40 by the energy when the low-pressure seawater Li flows into the second flow path 42 from the second fluid inflow path 53, and as shown in FIG. As described above, the torque applied to the rotating body 40 by the energy when the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo flows out from the first flow path 41 to the first fluid outflow path 54 is also in the same direction.

  As described above, a torque applying mechanism is provided that applies torque for rotating each inflow path, outflow path, the first fluid, and the second fluid to the rotating body 40. The torque imparting mechanism includes energy of high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi flowing into the first flow path 41, energy of high-pressure seawater Ho flowing out of the second flow path 42, and energy of low-pressure seawater Li flowing into the second flow path 42. Since the torque for rotating the rotating body 40 is generated by the energy of the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo flowing out from the first flow path 41, external power for rotating the rotating body 40 becomes unnecessary. Further, since the inflow and outflow of the first fluid and the outflow and inflow of the second fluid are switched with the rotation of the rotating body 40, a separate flow path switching mechanism becomes unnecessary.

  The rotating body 40 is configured to rotate by the energy of the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi and the low-pressure seawater Li flowing into the rotating body 40, and the high-pressure seawater Ho and the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo flowing out of the rotating body 40. A larger torque can be applied than when rotating only with the energy of each inflowing fluid.

  By the way, when the shape of the flow path walls 51c, 52c, 53c, 54c changes, the direction of the flow of the fluid flowing into each flow path from each inflow path and the flow of the fluid flowing out from each inflow path to the outflow path changes, and rotation Since the torque acting on the body 40 changes, the rotational speed of the rotating body 40 changes. That is, the rotation speed of the rotating body 40 depends on the shape of the flow path walls 51c, 52c, 53c, and 54c. Since the processing flow rate of the pressure exchange device 10 depends on the rotational speed of the rotating body 40, the processing flow rate of the pressure exchanging device 10 can be easily adjusted by changing the shape and adjusting the rotational speed of the rotating body 40. For example, the processing flow rate can be easily adjusted by preparing and replacing first side members having different shapes.

The casing 12 will be described with reference to FIG.
The casing 12 is formed of a cylindrical member, and the inner peripheral diameter thereof is set slightly larger than the outer diameters of the first side member 50, the second side member 60, and the holding member 14, and the length thereof is the first. The side member 50, the second side member 60, and the holding member 14 are connected to each other by a support shaft, and are set longer than the axial length.

The first end cover 20 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 (a), 2 (b) and FIGS. 8 (a), 8 (b), 8 (c).
The first end cover 20 is a member that is fastened to the second end cover 30 via the connecting member 11 and holds the casing 12 between the first end cover 20 and the second end cover 30.

  The first end cover 20 has a shape in which a large diameter disk portion 20a and a small diameter disk portion 20b are integrally formed. The diameter of the small-diameter disk portion 20b is set to a size that can be inserted into one end side of the casing 12. A seal groove 20c is formed on the outer periphery of the small-diameter disk portion 20b so as to fit a seal with a facing surface of the inner periphery of the casing 12, so that the fluid in the casing 12 does not leak to the outside by the seal disposed in the seal groove 20c. It is configured. The large-diameter disk portion 20a and the small-diameter disk portion 20b may be configured to be integrally formed or may be configured to combine those formed separately.

  The first end cover 20 has a first fluid inflow portion 21, a second fluid outflow portion 22, a second fluid inflow portion 23, and a first fluid outflow portion 24 so as to penetrate the large diameter disk portion 20a and the small diameter disk portion 20b. Is formed in the thickness direction.

  An inflow pipe 15 for high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi is joined to the large-diameter disk portion 20 a side of the first fluid inflow portion 21. A fan-shaped opening 21 a having a larger cross-sectional area than the opening 51 a of the first fluid inflow passage 51 of the first side member 50 is formed on the small-diameter disk portion 20 b side.

  An outflow pipe 16 for high-pressure seawater Ho is joined to the large-diameter disk portion 20 a side of the second fluid outflow portion 22. A fan-shaped opening 22a having a larger cross-sectional area than the opening 52a of the second fluid outflow passage 52 of the first side member 50 is formed on the small-diameter disk portion 20b side.

  The inflow pipe 17 of the low-pressure seawater Li is configured to be joined to the large-diameter disk part 20a side of the second fluid inflow part 23. A fan-shaped opening 23a having a larger cross-sectional area than the opening 53a of the second fluid inflow passage 53 of the first side member 50 is formed on the small-diameter disk portion 20b side.

  An outflow pipe 18 for low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo is joined to the large-diameter disk portion 20a side of the second fluid outflow portion 24, and the first side member 50 of the first side member 50 is disposed to the small-diameter disk portion 20b side. A fan-shaped opening 24 a having a larger cross-sectional area than the opening 54 a of the fluid outflow passage 54 is formed.

  The openings 21 a, 22 a, 23 a, 24 a of the first end cover 20 are formed in the openings 51 a, 52 a, 53 a, and the openings 51 a, 52 a, 53 a, of the first side member 50 with the small-diameter disk portion 20 b inserted into one end of the casing 12. It arrange | positions so that 54a may be covered.

  At the center of the small-diameter disk portion 20b, a recess for accommodating one end of the support shaft 13 and a nut is formed. In a state where the small-diameter disk portion 20b of the first end cover 20 is inserted into one end of the casing 12, the recess constitutes a first closed space 25 defined by the first side member 50 and the first end cover 20. To do. A first communication path 56 formed in the vicinity of the opening 55 of the first side member 50 communicates the first closed space 25 and the insertion space 43 of the support shaft 13 formed in the rotating body 40.

  A groove portion is formed on the end surface of the small-diameter disk portion 20b, which is a joint portion between the first end cover 20 and the first side member 50, and a gasket 26 is provided in the groove portion.

  A gasket 26 is used to join the first end cover 20 and the first side member 50, around the first closed space 25, the first fluid inflow portion 21 formed in the first end cover, Closed spaces 21b, 22b, 23b, and 24b that individually divide the two fluid outflow portion 22, the second fluid inflow portion 23, and the first fluid outflow portion 24 are defined.

  The closed spaces 21b, 22b, 23b, and 24b are not completely closed spaces, but include the first fluid inflow portion 21, the second fluid outflow portion 22, the second fluid inflow portion 23, and the first fluid outflow portion 24. The spaces communicate with the first fluid inflow passage 51, the second fluid outflow passage 52, the second fluid inflow passage 53, and the first fluid outflow passage 54, respectively.

  Further, between the closed spaces 21 b and 24 b corresponding to the first fluid inflow portion 21 and the first fluid outflow portion 24, and between the closed spaces 22 b and 23 b corresponding to the second fluid outflow portion 22 and the second fluid inflow portion 23. A first open space 27 opened in the radial direction is defined on both sides.

  Therefore, the first end cover side first pressure portion corresponding to the first pressure region communicating with the first fluid inflow path 51 formed in the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 in the closed space 21b. 1st end cover side 2nd pressure part corresponding to the 2nd pressure field which comprises and the closed space 24b was formed in the crevice between rotating body 40 and the 1st side member 50, and communicated with the 1st fluid outflow path 54 Configure. The closed space 22b constitutes a first end cover side first pressure portion corresponding to a first pressure region formed in a gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 and communicating with the second fluid outflow path 52. The second pressure portion corresponding to the first end cover side second pressure region communicating with the second fluid inflow path 53 formed in the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 is the closed space 23b. Configure.

  Furthermore, the first open space 27 corresponds to an intermediate pressure region between the first pressure region and the second pressure region, and the first end cover side first pressure part and the first end cover side second pressure part respectively correspond to the intermediate pressure region. A first end cover side intermediate pressure portion formed therebetween is formed.

The 2nd end cover 30 is demonstrated based on FIG.2 (b) and FIG.9 (a), (b), (c).
The second end cover 30 is a member that is fastened to the first end cover 20 via the connecting member 11 and holds the casing 12 between the second end cover 30 and the first end cover 20.

  The second end cover 30 has a shape in which a small-diameter disk portion 30a and a large-diameter disk portion 30b are integrally formed. The diameter of the small-diameter disk portion 30a is set to a size that can be inserted into the other end side of the casing 12. A seal groove 30c is formed on the outer periphery of the small-diameter disk portion 30a so as to fit a seal with the opposed surface of the inner periphery of the casing 12, and the fluid in the casing 12 does not leak to the outside by the seal disposed in the seal groove 30c. It is configured.

  In the present embodiment, the second end cover 30 is formed of a light-transmitting material, and has a configuration in which the rotating body 40 can be viewed from the outside of the pressure exchange device 10. In addition, you may comprise so that the rotary body 40 can be visually observed for a part of 2nd end cover 30 using a translucent material. Further, the small-diameter disk portion 30a and the large-diameter disk portion 30b may be configured by combining those formed separately. In this case, for example, only the small-diameter disk portion 30a is formed of a light-transmitting material, the large-diameter disk portion 30b is formed of a strong material such as metal, and the large-diameter disk portion 30b is provided with an inspection window, and is rotated. You may comprise so that the body 40 can be visually observed. During trial operation, operation, or inspection of the pressure exchange device 10, it can be easily confirmed from the outside whether the rotating body is rotating smoothly.

  In the center of the small-diameter disk portion 30a, a recess 31 is formed in a region corresponding to the other end of the support shaft 13 formed in the second side member 60 and the recess 64 that accommodates the nut. Further, around the recess 31, recesses 32 and 33 are formed in areas corresponding to the communication portions 61 (61a and 61b) and the communication portions 62 (62a and 62b) constituting the pressure exchanging portion. The depths of the recesses 31, 32, and 33 are arbitrary, and the recesses 31, 32, and 33 are not necessarily formed.

  In a state where the small-diameter disk portion 30a of the second end cover 30 is inserted into the other end of the casing 12, the concave portion 31 and the concave portion 64 of the second side member 60 are connected to the second side member 60 and the second end cover. The second closed space 34 partitioned by 30 is configured. A second communication path 65 formed in the vicinity of the opening 63 of the second side member 60 communicates the second closed space 34 and the insertion space 43 of the support shaft 13 formed in the rotating body 40.

  A groove portion is formed on the end surface of the small-diameter disk portion 30a, which is a joint portion between the second end cover 30 and the second side member 60, and a gasket 35 is provided in the groove portion. In this embodiment, the groove for providing the gasket 35 is formed on the second end cover 30 side. However, the groove is formed on the end surface 60b on the second side member 60 side, and the groove is provided with the gasket. Also good. Moreover, you may provide a gasket, without providing a groove part.

  The gasket 35 is a joint between the second end cover 30 and the second side member 60, the area corresponding to the communication parts 61 a and 61 b constituting the pressure exchange part around the recess 31, and the pressure exchange part The closed spaces 36 and 37 that divide the regions corresponding to the communication portions 62a and 62b that constitute each of the above are individually defined. That is, at the joint between the second end cover 30 and the second side member 60, the recesses 32 and 33 are partitioned by the gasket 35 and function as closed spaces 36 and 37.

  The closed spaces 36 and 37 are not completely closed spaces, but are spaces that communicate with the communicating portions 61a and 61b that constitute the pressure exchanging portion and the communicating portions 62a and 62b that constitute the pressure exchanging portion.

  The closed spaces 36 and 37 are not limited to the configuration partitioned by the gasket 35 into a region corresponding to the communication portions 61a and 61b and a region corresponding to the communication portions 62a and 62b, but the communication portions 61a, 61b, 62a and 62b, respectively. It may be configured to be divided into regions corresponding to.

  Further, a second open space 38 opened in the radial direction is defined between the closed space 36 and the closed space 37 by the gasket 35.

  Therefore, the closed space 36 constitutes a second end cover side first pressure portion corresponding to the first pressure region. The closed space 37 constitutes a second end cover side second pressure portion corresponding to the second pressure region. The second open space 38 forms a second end cover side intermediate pressure portion corresponding to the intermediate pressure region.

  The rotating body 40, the first side member 50, the second side member 60, the holding member 14, the support shaft 13, the casing 12, the first end cover 20, the second end cover 30, and the like configured as described above are combined. Thus, the pressure exchange device 10 is configured. In addition, the 1st side member 50, the 2nd side member 60, the holding member 14, the casing 12, the 1st end cover 20, and the 2nd end cover 30 are each adjacent members so that a relative position may not move. It is preferable to fix with a pin or a bolt.

  Here, the one end surface of the rotating body 40 and the first side are rotated so that the rotating body 40 smoothly rotates between the first side member 50 and the second side member 60 connected via the support shaft 13. The first fluid or the second fluid enters between the side member 50, between the other end surface of the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60, and between the rotating body 40 and the holding member 14. Gaps are formed.

  When the rotating body 40 rotates, the fluid that has entered the gap serves as a lubricant, and each of the opposing surfaces of the rotating body 40, the first side member 50, the second side member 60, and the holding member 14. Sliding between members is avoided.

  Therefore, if the gap is too narrow, the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50, the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60 slide, or the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 40 is inside the holding member 14. There is a risk of sliding with the peripheral surface. On the other hand, if the gap is too wide, the amount of leakage of the first fluid and the second fluid increases. For example, the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi supplied from the first fluid inflow passage 51 is rotated by the rotating body 40 and the first side member. For example, the efficiency of exchanging pressure is reduced by flowing directly into the second fluid outflow path 52 through the gap 50. For example, the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 or between the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60 is preferably set to about 1 to 100 μm. The gap between the rotating body 40 and the holding member 14 is set to about 1 mm. When the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 40 and the inner peripheral surface of the holding member 14 are used as bearings, the gap is set to about 1 to 500 μm.

  As a mechanism for adjusting such a gap, a support shaft 13 and a connecting member 11 are provided. The support shaft 13 functions as a pressing mechanism that presses the first side member 50 and the second side member 60, and the axial centers of the first side member 50 and the second side member 60 are adjusted by adjusting the tightening of the nut. You can adjust the direction distance. Thereby, the clearance gap between the rotary body 40 and the 1st side member 50 and the clearance gap between the rotary body 40 and the 2nd side member 60 are adjusted.

  The connecting member 11 includes a rod-like member having male screws 11a formed at both ends, and a nut 11b that is screwed into the male screw. The connecting member 11 functions as a pressing mechanism that presses the first end cover 20 and the second end cover 30, and the interval between the first end cover 20 and the second end cover 30 can be adjusted by adjusting the tightening of the nut. Thereby, the force which pushes the 1st side member 50 and the 2nd side member 60 from the outside via the 1st end cover 20 and the 2nd end cover 30 can be adjusted, and the 1st side member 50 and the 2nd side member can be adjusted. The gap between 60 and the rotating body 40 is adjusted.

  For example, when the sliding part of the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 or the sliding part of the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60 wears out, the gap becomes larger than the initial setting and the amount of fluid leakage increases. Even if it exists, the clearance gap between the 1st side member 50 or the 2nd side member 60, and the rotary body 40 can be adjusted with the press mechanism comprised by the spindle 13 or the connection member 11. FIG. A decrease in pressure exchange efficiency can be prevented. It becomes possible to reduce the replacement frequency of main parts such as the rotating body 40.

  By the way, the first side member 50 is caused by the pressure of the first fluid and the second fluid that have entered the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 or the gap between the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60. The second side member 60 is subjected to an outward force. Further, a force in the outward direction acts on the holding member 14 by the pressure of the first fluid and the second fluid that have entered the gap between the rotating body 40 and the holding member 14.

  Thus, the pressure of the first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the gap acts on the first side member 50, the second side member 60, and the holding member 14. If the pressing force on the first end cover 20 side of the first side member 50 is larger than the pressing force on the rotating body 40 side, the clearance between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 becomes smaller and the sliding resistance is reduced. There is a problem of increasing. On the other hand, if the pressing force on the first end cover 20 side of the first side member 50 is smaller than the pressing force on the rotating body 40 side, the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 becomes large, and the amount of fluid leakage Increases the pressure exchange efficiency.

  Further, the first side member 50 is caused by the pressure of the first fluid and the second fluid that have entered the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 or the gap between the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60. As a result, useless stress is applied to the support shaft 13 by the outward force acting on the second side member 60.

  The first side member 50 is not pushed toward the first end cover 20 side with a uniform pressure over the entire area. Of the end surface 50 b that is the surface of the first side member 50 that faces the rotating body 40, the region into which the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi supplied from the first fluid inflow passage 51 has entered, or the flow path of the first fluid inflow passage 51. The surface of the wall 51c that faces the rotating body 40 is a first pressure region where the high pressure of the high-pressure concentrated fluid Hi acts.

  Of the end face 50b that is the face of the first side member 50 facing the rotating body 40, the region where the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo pressure-exchanged with the low-pressure seawater Li has entered, the flow of the first fluid outflow passage 54 The surface of the road wall 54c that faces the rotating body 40 is a second pressure region where the low pressure of the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo acts.

  Moreover, the area | region between the said 1st pressure area | region and the said 2nd pressure area | region among the end surfaces 50b is an intermediate | middle of the pressure of the high pressure concentrated seawater Li of a 1st pressure area | region, and the pressure of the low pressure concentrated seawater Lo of a 2nd pressure area | region. This is an intermediate pressure region where a typical pressure acts. That is, the pressure acting on the end surface 50b varies depending on the position.

  Similarly, the second side member 60 is not pushed toward the second end cover 30 side with a uniform pressure over the entire area. The second pressure region formed on the end surface 60a that is a surface of the second side member 60 facing the rotating body 40, the second pressure region facing the rotating body 40, the first pressure region, and the rotating body. The pressing force is different between the first pressure region opposed via 40 and the intermediate pressure region formed between the second pressure region and the first pressure region. That is, the pressure acting on the end surface 60a varies depending on the position.

Therefore, the pressure exchange device 10 includes a pressure balance adjustment mechanism.
The pressure balance adjusting mechanism includes a first pressure balance adjusting mechanism 71 that adjusts the pressure balance acting on the first side member 50 and a second pressure balance adjusting mechanism 72 that adjusts the pressure balance acting on the second side member 60. And a third pressure balance adjusting mechanism 73 that adjusts the pressure balance acting on the holding member 14 and a fourth pressure balance adjusting mechanism 74 that adjusts the pressure balance acting on the rotating body 40.

First, the first pressure balance adjustment mechanism 71 will be described.
The first pressure balance adjusting mechanism 71 includes a first communication path 56 and a third communication path 57 formed in the first side member 50, a sixth communication path 14 c formed in the holding member 14, the gasket 26, A closed space 21 b, 22 b, 23 b, 24 b, a first closed space 25, and a first open space 27 defined by the gasket 20 between the one side member 50 and the first end cover 20 are configured.

  The first side member 50 is pushed toward the first end cover 20 by the first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50.

  Therefore, the first fluid or the second fluid on the insertion space 43 side is guided to the first closed space 25 via the first communication path 56, and the central portion of the first side member 50 is pushed inward by the pressure of the fluid. . In this way, the pressure balance acting on the central portion of the first side member 50 is adjusted by optimizing the force pushing the center portion of the first side member 50 outward and the force pushing the inside portion. Occurrence is suppressed.

  In the closed spaces 21b, 22b, 23b, and 24b, the pressures of the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi, the high-pressure seawater Ho, the low-pressure seawater Li, and the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo act, respectively. The force which pushes the 1 side member 50 to the inside acts, and the pressure balance is adjusted against the force which pushes the 1st side member 50 to the outside.

  Further, the first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 is guided to the first open space 27 via the sixth communication path 14 c and the third communication path 57. The area corresponding to the first open space 27 of the first side member 50 is pushed inward by the pressure of. Thus, the pressure balance of the peripheral part of the 1st side member 50 is countered by the force which pushes the area | region corresponding to the 1st open space 27 of the 1st side member 50 outside, and the force pushed inside. It adjusts and generation | occurrence | production of the bending is suppressed.

  Since the pressure balance acting on the first side member 50 is adjusted by the first pressure balance adjusting mechanism 71, the first side member can be thinned, so that the apparatus can be made compact and the cost can be reduced. Can do.

  In addition, the configuration for guiding the first fluid or the second fluid on the insertion space 43 side to the first closed space 25 is not limited to that using the first communication path 56. For example, a communication path that connects the insertion space 43 and the first communication path 25 is formed in the support shaft 13, and the first fluid or the second fluid in the insertion space 43 is transferred to the first closed space 25 via the communication path. It may be configured to guide.

  In addition, the configuration in which the first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 is guided to the first open space 27 is not limited to the configuration using the third communication path 57. For example, a communication groove that communicates the sixth communication passage 14 c and the first open space 27 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the casing 12, and enters the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 via the communication groove. The first fluid or the second fluid may be guided to the first open section 27. Further, the third communication passage 57 does not necessarily have to be formed as a passage. For example, by forming the diameter of the first side member 50 somewhat smaller than the inner diameter of the casing 12, a gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the first side member 50 and the inner peripheral surface of the casing 12, This gap may function as the third communication path 57.

Next, the second pressure balance adjusting mechanism 72 will be described.
The second pressure balance adjusting mechanism 72 includes a second closed space 34, a second communication path 65, a fourth communication path 68 formed in the second side member 60, and a sixth communication path 14 c formed in the holding member 14. And the recessed part 31, the recessed parts 32 and 33 formed in the 2nd end cover 20, and the 2nd open space 38 are comprised.

  The second side member 60 is pushed toward the second end cover 30 by the first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the gap between the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60.

  Therefore, the first fluid or the second fluid on the insertion space 43 side is guided to the second closed space 34 via the second communication passage 65, and the central portion of the second side member 60 is pushed inward by the pressure of the fluid. . In this way, the pressure balance acting on the central portion of the second side member 60 is adjusted by optimizing the force pushing the center portion of the second side member 60 outward and the force pushing the inside portion. Occurrence is suppressed.

  The force which pushes the 2nd side member 60 to the outer side by the 1st flow path and the 1st fluid in the 2nd flow path, or the 2nd fluid acts on the rotary body 40 side of the partition wall 61c and the partition wall 62c. . However, a force that pushes the second side member 60 inwardly acts on the second end cover 30 of the partition wall 61c and the partition wall 62c by the first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the recesses 32 and 33. In this way, the pressure balance acting on the partition wall 61c and the partition wall 62c is adjusted by opposing the force pushing the partition wall 61c and the partition wall 62c outward and the force pushing the wall inward, and the occurrence of the deflection is suppressed. The

  Further, the first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the gap between the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60 is guided to the second open space 38 via the sixth communication path 14c and the fourth communication path 68, A region corresponding to the second open space 38 of the second side member 60 is pushed inward by the pressure of the fluid. Thus, the pressure balance of the peripheral part of the 1st side member 50 is countered by the force which pushes the area | region corresponding to the 2nd open space 38 of the 2nd side member 60 outside, and the force pushed inside. It adjusts and generation | occurrence | production of the bending is suppressed.

  Since the pressure balance acting on the second side member 60 is adjusted by the second pressure balance adjusting mechanism 72, the thickness of the second side member can be reduced, so that the apparatus can be made compact and the cost can be reduced. Can do.

  Moreover, since the pressure balance of the 1st side member 50 and the 2nd side member 60 can be adjusted with the 1st pressure balance adjustment mechanism 71 and the 2nd pressure balance adjustment mechanism 72, the rotary body 40 and the 1st side The first side member 50 and the second side member 60 are separated outward by the pressure of the fluid that has entered the gap between the side member 50 and the gap between the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60, and the support shaft 13. There is no risk of unnecessary stress.

  Note that the configuration for guiding the first fluid or the second fluid on the insertion space 43 side to the second closed space 34 is not limited to the configuration using the second communication path 56. For example, a communication path that connects the insertion space 43 and the second closed space 34 is formed in the support shaft 13, and the first fluid or the second fluid in the insertion space 43 is passed to the second closed space 34 via the communication path. It may be configured to guide.

  In addition, the configuration in which the first fluid or the second fluid that has entered the gap between the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60 is guided to the second open space 38 is not limited to the configuration using the fourth communication path 68. For example, a communication groove that communicates the sixth communication path 14 c and the second open space 38 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the casing 12, and enters the gap between the rotating body 40 and the second side member 60 through the communication groove. The first fluid or the second fluid may be guided to the second open space 38. Further, the fourth communication passage 68 does not necessarily have to be formed as a passage. For example, the gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the second side member 60 and the inner peripheral surface of the casing 12 by forming the diameter of the second side member 60 somewhat smaller than the inner diameter of the casing 12. This gap functions as the fourth communication path 68.

Next, the third pressure balance adjustment mechanism 73 will be described.
The third pressure balance adjusting mechanism 73 is configured to include the enlarged diameter region 14a of the holding member 14 and the fifth communication passage 14b.

  Through the gap between the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 and the second side member 60, the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 40 and the inner peripheral surface of the holding member 14 or the diameter-enlarged region 14a is entered. The first fluid or the second fluid pushes the holding member 14 outward.

  Therefore, the first fluid or the second fluid is guided to the outer peripheral closed space between the outer peripheral surface of the holding member 14 and the inner peripheral surface of the casing through the fifth communication passage 14b formed in the holding member 14.

  The holding member 14 is configured to oppose a force pushing the holding member 14 outward and a force pushing the inside by the pressure of the first fluid or the second fluid guided to the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the holding member 14 and the inner peripheral surface of the casing 12. The pressure balance which acts on 14 is adjusted, and the bending is suppressed. Since the gap between the rotating body 40 and the holding member 11 is properly maintained during operation, the rotating body 40 rotates smoothly. In place of the enlarged diameter region 14a, a reduced diameter region that is smaller than the diameter of both end portions of the rotating body 40 is provided in the region excluding both ends of the outer periphery surface of the rotating body 40, or the outer periphery surface of the rotating body 40 is held. A gap may be provided between the inner peripheral surface of the member 11 and the like.

  Since the pressure balance acting on the holding member 14 is adjusted by the third pressure balance adjusting mechanism 73, the holding member 14 can be thinned, so that the apparatus can be made compact and the cost can be reduced.

Next, the fourth pressure balance adjustment mechanism 74 will be described.
The fourth pressure balance adjustment mechanism 74 is a mechanism that adjusts the pressure balance that acts on the end faces 40 a and 40 b of the rotating body 40.

  When the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi flows dispersedly into the plurality of first flow paths 41 from the first fluid inflow path 51, the pressure of the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi is the end face between the adjacent first flow paths 41 of the rotating body 40. It acts on 40a and pushes the rotating body 40 toward the second side member 60 side. Further, when the high-pressure seawater Ho flows out from the plurality of second flow paths 42 to the second fluid outflow passage 52, the pressure of the high-pressure seawater Ho acts on the end surface 40a between the adjacent second flow paths 42 of the rotating body 40. Then, the rotating body 40 is pushed toward the second side member 60 side.

  Similarly, when the low-pressure seawater Li is dispersed and flows into the plurality of second flow paths 42 from the second fluid inflow path 53, the pressure of the low-pressure seawater Li is between the adjacent second flow paths 42 of the rotating body 40. It acts on the end surface 40a and pushes the rotating body toward the second side member. Further, when the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo flows out from the plurality of first flow paths 41 to the first fluid outflow path 54, the pressure of the high-pressure seawater Ho is applied to the end surface 40a between the adjacent first flow paths 41 of the rotating body 40. It acts and pushes the rotating body 40 toward the second side member 60 side.

  Further, in the region not communicating with the opening 51b of the first fluid inflow passage 51, the opening 52b of the second fluid outflow passage 52, the opening 53b of the second fluid inflow passage 53, and the opening 54b of the first fluid outflow passage 54. The intermediate pressure of each fluid that has entered the gap between the first side member 50 and the rotating body 40 acts on the end surface 40a, and pushes the rotating body 40 toward the second side member 60.

  As described above, the fluid that flows into and out of the first flow path 41 and the second flow path 42 acts on the end surface 40a of the rotating body 40 and is pushed toward the second side member 60 side.

  However, the first fluid and the second fluid also flow into the communication portions 61a, 61b, 62a, and 62b formed on the second side member, and act on the end surface 40b of the rotating body 40, so that the rotating body 40 is Push to the side member 50 side. Further, in a region where the communication portions 61a, 61b, 62a, and 62b are not communicated, the intermediate pressure of each fluid that has entered the gap between the second side member 60 and the rotating body 40 acts on the end face 40b, and the rotating body 40 is Push to the first side member 50 side. As a result, the pressing forces acting on the both end faces 40a and 40b are balanced and the distribution of the pressing forces becomes equal, so that the rotating body 40 slides unilaterally on the first side member 50 or the second side member 60. Nothing will happen. Therefore, the rotating body 40 can rotate smoothly.

  As described above, the pressure exchanging device 10 includes the pressure balance adjusting mechanism, so that the first lateral member 50 and the second lateral member are moved by the pressure of the first fluid and the second fluid that have entered the gap with the rotating body 40. The possibility of bending of the member 60 and the holding member 14 is reduced, and the rotating body 40 can smoothly rotate in a space defined by the first side member 50, the second side member 60, and the holding member 14. It becomes.

A specific pressure exchange operation of the pressure exchange device 10 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 10, 16 sets of first flow paths 41 a to 41 p and second flow paths 42 a to 42 p are radially arranged around the rotation axis in the rotating body 40. The areas indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 10 are the opening 51 b of the first fluid inflow path 51, the opening 52 b of the second fluid outflow path 52, and the second fluid inflow path 53 of the first side member 50. The area | region corresponding to the opening part 53b and the opening part 54b of the 1st fluid outflow path 54 is represented.

  At a certain moment when the rotating body 40 rotates, five adjacent first flow paths 41a, 41b, 41c, 41d, and 41e communicate with the first fluid inflow path 51 at the same time.

  In the second fluid outflow passage 52, there are five first passages 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e communicating with the first passages 41a, 41b, 41c, 41d, 41e in the second side member 60. Communicate at the same time.

  The second fluid inflow passage 53 is in communication with five adjacent second passages 42i, 42j, 42k, 42l, and 42m at the same time. In the first fluid outflow passage 54, there are five first flow paths 41i, 41j, 41k, 41l, 41m communicating with the second flow paths 42i, 42j, 42k, 42l, 42m in the second side member 60. Communicate.

  The high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi that has flowed into the first fluid inflow path 51 is dispersed along the flow path wall 51c and flows into the first flow paths 41a, 41b, 41c, 41d, and 41e. At this time, a clockwise torque is applied to the rotator 40 as indicated by a one-dot chain line arrow in FIG.

  The low pressures of the second flow paths 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, and 42e communicated in the second side member 60 by the pressure of the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi flowing into the first flow paths 41a, 41b, 41c, 41d, and 41e, respectively. The seawater is pressurized, and the high-pressure seawater Ho flows out along the flow path wall 52c of the second fluid outflow path 52 from the second flow paths 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, and 42e. At this time, a clockwise torque is applied to the rotator 40 as indicated by a one-dot chain line arrow in FIG.

  The low-pressure seawater Li that has flowed into the second fluid inflow path 53 is dispersed along the flow path wall 53c and flows into the second flow paths 42i, 42j, 42k, 42l, and 42m. At this time, a clockwise torque is applied to the rotator 40 as indicated by a one-dot chain line arrow in FIG.

  The low-pressure concentration of the first flow paths 41i, 41j, 41k, 41l, 41m communicated in the second side member 60 by the pressure of the low-pressure seawater Li flowing into the second flow paths 42i, 42j, 42k, 42l, 42m, respectively. Seawater Lo flows out along the flow path wall 54 c of the first fluid outflow path 54. At this time, a clockwise torque is applied to the rotator 40 as indicated by a one-dot chain line arrow in FIG.

  As described above, the torque applied to the rotating body 40 by the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi that flows into the first flow path 41 from the first fluid inflow path 51 and the low-pressure seawater that flows out from the second flow path 42 to the second fluid outflow path 52. The torque that Lo gives to the rotating body 40, the torque that the low-pressure seawater Li flowing into the second flow path 42 from the second fluid inflow path 53 gives to the rotating body 40, and the first flow path 41 to the first fluid outflow path 54 The torque applied to the rotating body 40 by the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo flowing out is in the same direction, and in this embodiment, the rotating body 40 rotates clockwise.

  When the pressure is exchanged in this way, the first flow paths 41a, 41b, 41c, 41d, and 41e are connected to the second flow paths 42a, 42b, and 42c via the communication portions 61a and 61b of the second side member 60. , 42d, 42e. The second flow paths 42 i, 42 j, 42 k, 42 l and 42 m communicate with the first flow paths 41 i, 41 j, 41 k, 41 l and 41 m via the communication paths 62 a and 62 b of the second side member 60.

  Since the pressure loss of each first flow path 41 and each second flow path 42 is different in the circumferential direction, the fluid that has flowed from the first flow path 41 into the communication portion 61a passes through the communication portion 61b and has a low pressure loss. If it flows out to 42, the torque application mechanism does not function properly, and the rotational force may be reduced. A similar problem may occur in the communication portions 62a and 62b.

  Note that the low pressure loss flow path is a flow path linearly communicating from the inflow path to the flow path, for example, the flow path from the first flow path 41a to the second flow path 42e in FIG. Or, the flow path from the second flow path 42 i to the first flow path 41.

  The communication portion 61a, the communication passage 61b, and the communication portions 62b and 62b are partitioned by the partition walls 61c and 62c, respectively, so that the flow to the flow path with low pressure loss (for example, from the first flow path 41a to the second flow path in FIG. 10). The flow from the first flow path 41 to the second flow path 42 that is radially adjacent to the flow path 42e and the flow from the second flow path 42i to the first flow path 41). Or a flow from the second flow path 42 to the first flow path (for example, a flow from the first flow path 41a to the second flow path 41a or a flow from the second flow path 42i to the first flow path 41i). It is possible to cause the torque application mechanism to function properly.

  First flow paths 41f, 41g, 41h, 41m, 41o, 41p not communicating with any of the first fluid inflow path 51, the second fluid outflow path 52, the second fluid inflow path 53, and the first fluid outflow path 54, and Pressure exchange is not performed in the second flow paths 42f, 42g, 42h, 42m, 42o, and 42p.

  In the second side member 60, communication grooves 66 and 67 are formed between the communication portion 61a and the communication portion 62b, and between the communication portion 61b and the communication portion 62a. The communication grooves 66 and 67 are formed, for example, as grooves of several millimeters, and are arranged between the communication part 61a and the communication part 62b and between the communication part 61b and the communication part 62a, so that the rotating body 40 and the second The large pressure fluctuation when the high pressure fluid enters the low pressure fluid communication path through the gap with the side member 60 and the large pressure fluctuation when the low pressure fluid enters the high pressure fluid communication path are alleviated. Thereby, it is possible to prevent cavitation due to a sudden change in pressure when the high pressure fluid enters the communication path of the low pressure fluid.

  In the present embodiment, the communication grooves 66 and 67 are formed only on the end surface 60 a of the second side member 60, but similar communication grooves may be formed on the end surface 50 b of the first side member 50. Moreover, the structure which forms such a communicating groove only in the 1st side member 50, without forming the communicating grooves 66 and 67 in the 2nd side member 60 may be sufficient.

  As described above, the first flow path 41 and the second fluid communication path communicated with the first fluid inflow path 51, the second fluid outflow path 52, the second fluid inflow path 53, and the first fluid outflow path 54 by the rotation of the rotating body 40. The flow paths are sequentially shifted, and the transmission of pressure from the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi to the high-pressure seawater Ho and the transmission of pressure from the low-pressure seawater Li to the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo are continuously performed. That is, the pressure exchange between the first fluid and the second fluid is continuously performed.

  In addition, in the 1st flow path 41 and the 2nd flow path 42, although concentrated seawater and seawater will coexist, since each fluid has a salt concentration difference, a fixed amount always mixed by the boundary part by diffusion. The region only reciprocates within the first flow path 41, the communication portions 61a, 61b, 62a, 62b, and the second flow path 42 while acting like a piston.

  In the above description, at a certain moment when the rotating body 40 rotates, the first fluid inflow path 51, the second fluid outflow path 52, the second fluid inflow path 53, and the first fluid outflow path 54 have the first flow path. Although the case where 41 and the 2nd flow path 42 are connected simultaneously 5 was demonstrated, the number connected simultaneously is not restricted to this. Note that if the number of lines communicating at the same time is small and the number of lines not communicating with any of them is large, the pulsation of water drained from the apparatus increases. Further, if the number of fluids that do not communicate with either the fluid inflow path or the fluid outflow path is small, the amount of leakage from the high pressure fluid to the low pressure fluid increases.

  The first side member 50, the second side member 60, the rotating body 40, and the holding member 14 constituting the pressure exchange device 10 are ceramics such as alumina, FRP, or duplex stainless steel or super duplex stainless steel. As described above, it is preferable to use a material having corrosion resistance to seawater and sufficiently strong. The rotating body 40 and the holding member 14 are preferably configured by selecting materials having the same thermal expansion coefficient in consideration of thermal expansion due to temperature change. Even if the rotator 40 and the holding member 14 expand or contract due to, for example, changes in the outside air temperature or water temperature, the gap can be maintained constant.

  It is also possible to use a duplex stainless steel or a super duplex stainless steel. However, in this case, the facing surfaces of the rotating body 40 and the first side member 50 and the second side member 60 and the inner peripheral surface of the holding member 14 are nitrided, or ceramic such as alumina is sprayed. It is preferable to form a wear-resistant layer that reduces the friction coefficient by overlay welding or HIP treatment.

  The casing 12 is formed of a resin material, FRP, or a metal material such as a duplex stainless steel or a super duplex stainless steel that has corrosion resistance to seawater and has a certain degree of strength. You may comprise with high intensity | strength metal materials, such as stainless steel which added corrosion resistance by coat | covering with a resin material or ceramics. As a result, an inexpensive material that is inferior in corrosion resistance can be used, and the cost can be reduced.

  According to the pressure exchange device 10 that is an example of the present invention and is provided with a fluid inflow path and an outflow path only on one end side, it is compared with a pressure transmission section configured by a straight pipe, such as a conventional pressure exchange apparatus. Thus, when pressure exchange at the same flow rate is performed, the length of the rotating body 40 in the direction of the rotation axis can be shortened, so that the apparatus can be made compact and the cost can be reduced. Even when the processing flow rate of the pressure exchange device 10 is increased, an extreme increase in size can be avoided.

  In the pressure exchange device 10, the first fluid inflow path 51, the second fluid outflow path 52, the second fluid inflow path 53, and the first fluid outflow path 54 are formed in the first side member 50. The pipes 15, 16, 17, and 18 connected to the inflow path and the outflow path can be collectively installed on one side of the pressure exchange device 10. Therefore, the installation space including the pipes can be made compact as compared with the case where the pipes connected to the fluid inflow path or the outflow path are installed on both ends of the rotating body as in the conventional apparatus. Further, maintenance work can be performed from the second side member 60 side where no piping is installed.

Another embodiment of the pressure exchange device according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 11 shows a pressure exchange device 100 according to another embodiment.

  In the rotating body 40 of the pressure exchange device 100, an insertion space 43 into which the support shaft 13 can be inserted is formed at the center of a cylinder, and 16 first flow paths 41 and second flow paths around the insertion space 43, respectively. 42 is arranged radially around the rotation axis. The first flow path 41 and the second flow path 42 are formed so as to penetrate between the end face 40a and the end face 40b of the rotating body 40 in the direction of the rotation axis, and are formed to communicate with each other on the end face 40b side. Yes. The first flow path 41 and the second flow path 42 are formed so that the cross-sectional areas of the flow paths are substantially equal.

  In addition, since the structure of the other part of the pressure exchange apparatus 100 is the same as that of the pressure exchange apparatus 10 shown to above-mentioned FIG. 2 (a), (b), description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In this embodiment, the communication part 40c of the 1st flow path 41 and the 2nd flow path 42 functions as a pressure exchange part which exchanges a pressure between a 1st fluid and a 2nd fluid. The pressure of the first fluid in the first flow path 41 and the second fluid in the second flow path 42 is transmitted by a pressure exchanging portion formed inside the rotating body 40 that rotates.

  When the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi is supplied from the end face 40 a to the first flow path 41, the second flow path 42 is connected to the first flow path 41 and the second flow path 42 formed in the rotating body 40. High-pressure seawater Ho flows out from the end face 40a. When the low-pressure seawater Li is supplied from the end face 40 a to the second flow path 42, the low pressure of the first flow path 41 is established via the communication portion between the second flow path 42 and the first flow path 41 formed in the rotating body 40. The concentrated seawater Lo flows out from the end face 40a.

  Moreover, the 1st flow path 41 and the 2nd flow path 42 are not restricted to the structure connected by the end surface 40b side of the rotary body 40, A communication part may be the arbitrary positions between the end surface 40a and the end surface 40b. For example, as shown to Fig.12 (a), the structure communicated in the position spaced apart from the end surface 40b to the end surface 40a side by the predetermined distance may be sufficient.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12B, the end face 40b side of the first flow path 41 and the second flow path 42 may be closed except for the opening 40d and the opening 40e.

  13A, 13B, and 13C show a pressure exchange device 200 according to another embodiment.

  The rotating body 46 of the pressure exchanging device 200 is arranged around the rotation axis so that the flow path 47 through which the first fluid flows in and out from one end and the second fluid flows in and out from the other end penetrates in the rotation axis direction. A reduced diameter region 48 is formed in a region excluding both ends of the outer peripheral surface of the rotator 46 and having a diameter reduced from the diameter of both ends of the rotator 46. The rotating body 46 is rotatably supported by the first side member 50 and the second side member 60 via the support shaft 13.

  The first side member 50 guides the low-pressure concentrated seawater Lo pressure-exchanged between the first fluid inflow path 51 for guiding the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi to the flow path 47 and the low-pressure seawater Li from the flow path 47. The first fluid outflow path and 54 are formed in the thickness direction.

  The first end cover 20 includes a first fluid inflow portion that is disposed outside the first side member 50 and communicates with the first fluid inflow passage 51, and a first fluid outflow portion that communicates with the first fluid outflow passage 54. An inflow pipe 15 is connected to the first fluid inflow section, and an outflow pipe 18 is connected to the first fluid outflow section.

  In the second side member, the second fluid inflow path 53 that guides the low-pressure seawater Li to the flow path 47 and the high-pressure seawater Ho that is pressure-exchanged between the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi are guided from the flow path 47 to the second side member. The fluid outflow path and 52 are formed in the thickness direction.

  The second end cover 30 includes a second fluid inflow portion that is disposed outside the second side member 60 and communicates with the second fluid inflow passage 53, and a second fluid outflow portion that communicates with the second fluid outflow passage 52. An inflow pipe 17 is connected to the second fluid inflow section, and an outflow pipe 16 is connected to the second fluid outflow section.

  The support shaft 13 has a first communication passage 56 communicating with the end portion of the support shaft 13 on the first side member 50 side and the insertion space, and an end portion of the support shaft 13 on the second side member 60 side and the insertion space. A second communication path 65 that communicates with 43 is formed.

  In addition, since the structure of the other part of the pressure exchange apparatus 200 is the same as that of the pressure exchange apparatus 10 shown to above-mentioned FIG. 2 (a), (b), description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In any of the embodiments described above, by forming the cross-sectional area of the first flow path 41 and the cross-sectional area of the second flow path 42 to be equal, it is possible to reduce excess pressure loss due to a change in the cross-sectional area of the flow path. However, the cross-sectional areas of the first flow path 41 and the second flow path 42 need not be completely equal. The cross-sectional shapes of the first channel 41 and the second channel 42 may be a circular shape such as a perfect circle or an ellipse, or a polygonal shape such as a triangle or a square. The first channel 41 and the second channel The processing flow rate of the pressure exchange device 10 can be changed by changing the number of 42 and the cross-sectional shape. In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the 1st flow path 41 and the 2nd flow path 42 shown to Fig.3 (a) is preferable at the point which can take a large aperture ratio with respect to the cross section of a rotary body.

  In any of the above-described embodiments, the holding member 14 and the casing 12 are configured separately, but the holding member 14 may function as a casing without including the casing 12. Further, although the holding member 14 and the second side member 60 are configured separately, the holding member 14 and the second side member 60 are integrally formed in a cup shape, and the space is closed by the first side member 50. You may comprise so that the rotary body 40 may be arrange | positioned.

  In any of the above-described embodiments, a total of four inflow paths and outflow paths are paired, such as the first fluid inflow path 51, the second fluid outflow path 52, the second fluid inflow path 53, and the first fluid outflow path 54. However, each inflow path and outflow path may be two or more. In the case where a plurality of fluids are provided, the inflow passages and the outflow passages are preferably arranged symmetrically around the rotation axis from the viewpoint of the pressure balance between the fluids flowing into and out of the rotation body 40.

  In any of the above-described embodiments, the torque applying mechanism is configured such that the energy of the concentrated seawater that flows into or out of the first flow path 41 and the energy of the concentrated seawater that flows into the second flow path 42 or from the second flow path 42. The torque is applied to the rotating body 40 by the energy of the flowing seawater. The torque applying mechanism includes at least the energy of the concentrated seawater that flows into or out of the first flow path 41 or the second flow. What is necessary is just to comprise so that a torque may be provided to the rotary body 40 with the energy of the seawater which flows in into the flow path 42 or flows out of the 2nd flow path 42.

  When only one of the energies is used, the first flow path 41 is arranged on the outer side in the radial direction of the rotating body 40 than the second flow path 42, so the high-pressure concentrated seawater Hi that flows into the first flow path 41 is used. Energy efficiency is good when it is configured to apply torque to the rotating body 40 using the energy of the above.

  In any of the above-described embodiments, the configuration in which the rotating body 40 is rotated by the energy of the first fluid and the second fluid has been described. However, the driving shaft is connected to the rotating body 40 and is rotated by external power such as a driving machine. You may comprise. Since the rotating body 40 can be rotationally driven by external power, stable rotation can be obtained, and the reliability of the apparatus is improved.

  In any of the embodiments described above, the configuration in which the high-pressure concentrated seawater is introduced into the first fluid inflow passage and the low-pressure seawater that is the concentrated fluid is introduced into the second fluid inflow passage has been described. Low-pressure seawater that is a concentrated fluid may be flowed in, and high-pressure concentrated seawater may be flowed into the second fluid inflow path.

  The specific configuration of the pressure exchanging device described above is not limited to the description of the embodiment, and it is needless to say that the design can be appropriately changed within the scope of the effects of the present invention.

6: Reverse osmosis membrane device 10: Pressure exchange device 11: Connection member 12: Casing 13: Support shaft 14: Holding member 14b: Fifth communication passage 14c: Sixth communication passage 15: Inflow pipe 16: Outflow pipe 17: Inflow pipe 18: Outflow pipe 20: 1st end cover 21: 1st fluid inflow part 21b: Closed space 22: 2nd fluid outflow part 22b: Closed space 23: 2nd fluid inflow part 23b: Closed space 24: 1st fluid outflow part 24b: closed space 25: first closed space 26: gasket 27: first open space 30: second end cover 31: recessed portion 32: recessed portion 33: recessed portion 34: second closed space 35: gasket 38: second open space 40 : Rotating body 41: first flow path 42: second flow path 43: insertion space 50: first side member 51: first fluid inflow path 52: second fluid outflow path 53: second fluid inflow path 54: second 1 fluid outflow passage 56: first communication passage 57: third communication passage 0: 2nd side member 61a, 61b: Communication part 62a, 62b: Communication part 64: Recessed part 65: 2nd communication path 66: Communication groove 67: Communication groove 68: 4th communication path 71: 1st pressure balance adjustment mechanism 72: Second pressure balance adjusting mechanism 73: Third pressure balance adjusting mechanism 79: Fourth pressure balance adjusting mechanism Hi: High pressure concentrated seawater Ho: High pressure seawater Li: Low pressure seawater Lo: Low pressure concentrated seawater

Claims (13)

A pressure exchange device for exchanging pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid,
A rotating body disposed around the rotation axis so that a first flow path through which the first fluid flows in and out and a second flow path through which the second fluid flows in and out pass in the direction of the rotation axis; ,
A first fluid inflow path for guiding the first fluid to the first flow path, and a first fluid outflow path for guiding the first fluid pressure-exchanged with the second fluid from the first flow path, A first side member formed in the thickness direction;
A second side member for rotatably holding the rotating body with the first side member;
A first fluid inflow portion that is disposed outside the first side member and communicates with the first fluid inflow passage; and a first end cover having a first fluid outflow portion that communicates with the first fluid outflow passage. ,
A second end cover disposed outside the second side member,
Pressure exchange between the second fluid and the first pressure region formed on the surface of the first side member facing the rotating body and receiving the pressure of the first fluid supplied from the first fluid inflow path Corresponding to a second pressure region that receives the pressure of the first fluid and an intermediate pressure region between the first pressure region and the second pressure region, respectively.
A first end cover side first pressure portion communicating with the first fluid inflow portion and a first end communicating with the first fluid outflow portion at a joint portion between the first end cover and the first side member. A pressure exchange device in which a first end cover side intermediate pressure part is formed between a cover side second pressure part, and the first end cover side first pressure part and the first end cover side second pressure part. The second fluid that is pressure-exchanged between the first fluid and the second fluid inflow passage that guides the second fluid to the second passage is guided from the second passage to the first side member. A second fluid outflow passage is formed in the thickness direction;
A second fluid inflow portion communicating with the second fluid inflow passage and a second fluid outflow portion communicating with the second fluid outflow passage are formed in the first end cover;
Pressure exchange between the first fluid and a second pressure region formed on a surface of the first side member facing the rotating body and receiving the pressure of the second fluid supplied from the second fluid inflow path Corresponding to a first pressure region that receives the pressure of the second fluid, and an intermediate pressure region between the second pressure region and the first pressure region, respectively.
A first end end communicating with the second fluid outflow portion and a first end cover side second pressure portion communicating with the second fluid inflow portion at a joint portion between the first end cover and the first side member. The first end cover side intermediate pressure part is formed between the cover side first pressure part, the first end cover side second pressure part, and the first end cover side first pressure part. Pressure exchange device.   The pressure exchange device according to claim 1, further comprising a communication portion that guides the fluid in the intermediate pressure region to the intermediate pressure portion on the first end cover side. Between the first end cover and the second end cover, a cylindrical casing that houses the rotating body, the first side member, and the second side member is disposed,
The pressure exchange device according to claim 3, wherein the communication portion is formed between the first side member and the cylindrical casing. A holding member sandwiched between the first side member and the second side member between the rotating body and the cylindrical casing;
The pressure exchange device according to claim 4, wherein the holding member is formed with a communication passage that communicates the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the holding member. Of the surface of the second side member facing the rotating body, a first pressure area is located in an area facing the first pressure area via the rotating body, and the second pressure area and the rotating body are interposed therebetween. A second pressure region is formed in a region opposed to the intermediate pressure region, and an intermediate pressure region is formed in a region opposed to the intermediate pressure region via the rotating body,
A second end cover side first pressure portion corresponding to the first pressure region is provided at a joint portion between the second end cover and the second side member, and a second end cover corresponding to the second pressure region. The pressure exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a second end cover side intermediate pressure portion corresponding to the intermediate pressure region is formed on the side second pressure portion.   The pressure exchange device according to claim 6, further comprising a communication portion that guides the fluid in the intermediate pressure region to the intermediate pressure portion on the second end cover side. Between the first end cover and the second end cover, a cylindrical casing that houses the rotating body, the first side member, and the second side member is disposed,
The pressure exchange device according to claim 7, wherein the communication portion is formed between the second side member and the cylindrical casing. A support shaft that passes through the first side member, the rotating body, and the second side member;
A first closed space including one end of the support shaft formed between the first side member and the first end cover;
A second closed space including the other end of the support shaft formed between the second side member and the second end cover;
An insertion space for the spindle formed in the rotating body;
A first communication path communicating the first closed space and the insertion space;
The pressure exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a second communication path that communicates the second closed space and the insertion space.   The pressure exchange device according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein a channel communication portion between the first channel and the second channel is formed in the second side member.   The pressure exchange device according to claim 10, wherein the flow passage communicating portion is formed to penetrate the second side member.   The pressure exchange device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the rotating body is configured to be visible from a part of the second end cover.   The pressure exchanging device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a flow passage communicating portion between the first flow passage and the second flow passage is formed in the rotating body.

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