JP2013202712A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool capable of reliably preventing the rotation and movement of a turning tool mounted on a rotatable main spindle through a tool holder with a simple configuration, and performing turning with high machining accuracy.SOLUTION: A rotating tool and a turning tool are selectively attached and detached through respective tool holders 40 to/from an end of a main spindle freely rotatably supported by a main spindle head 3, and a workpiece is machined by the rotating tool or the turning tool mounted on the main spindle. The tool holder 40 for holding the turning tool is provided with a detent flange 41 where an engaging hole is opened. The main spindle head 3 is provided with pins 51, 51 to be engaged with the engaging hole of the tool holder 40. A nozzle provided on a nozzle head 6 jets a coolant to the pins 51, 51 to remove foreign matters such as stuck sawdust.

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool that selectively attaches and detaches a tool held by a tool holder to a rotating spindle and performs machining with each tool.

  The machining center is a machine tool that executes various types of machining with each tool while automatically changing the tool mounted on the spindle. The spindle is supported by a spindle head that can be raised and lowered, and rotates around the central axis by driving the spindle motor. Processing by the machining center is mainly processing by a rotary tool such as drilling, tapping, and milling. Rotating tools (drills, taps, end mills, etc.) used for these processes are mounted on the lower end of the main shaft protruding from the main spindle head via a tool holder, and work by rotating while moving up and down with the main shaft. Process things.

  Some machining centers include a turning tool as a replacement tool. A turning tool is a tool for turning the surface of a workpiece by pressing the tip against the rotating workpiece. Similar to the rotary tool, such a turning tool is used by being attached to the main shaft via a tool holder. At this time, the main shaft motor is locked to restrict the rotation of the turning tool due to the rotation of the main shaft.

  However, the turning tool being processed is subjected to forces in various directions as it is pressed against the workpiece, and there is a problem that a sufficient anti-rotation effect cannot be obtained only by locking the spindle motor. In order to cope with this problem, various configurations for preventing the turning tool from rotating in this type of machine tool have been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).

  In the machine tool described in Patent Document 1, a disk-shaped flange is provided around a tool holder for holding a turning tool, and key grooves are provided at two locations opposite to each other in the radial direction on the outer periphery of the flange. When the key is projected from the spindle head that supports the tool and the turning tool is mounted on the spindle, the key groove engages with each key to restrain the rotation of the tool holder, thereby preventing the turning tool from rotating. Realized.

  In the machine tool described in Patent Document 2, a pin is protruded from a tool holder that holds a turning tool, and a positioning block that can be engaged with the pin is provided on a spindle head. The positioning block is advanced by a hydraulic cylinder, and prevents the turning tool from rotating by engaging with a pin of a tool holder attached to the main shaft.

  In the machine tool described in Patent Document 3, a coupling in which a large number of meshing teeth are formed inside the main spindle head can be attached to the outer circumference of the main spindle and the inner circumference of the main spindle head, and can be engaged with the meshing teeth of both couplings. Such a coupling coupling is provided at an opposing position of both couplings so as to be advanced by hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure. The coupling coupling advances when the turning tool is mounted, and the rotation of the spindle is restrained by meshing with the coupling of the spindle and the spindle head, and the turning tool is prevented from rotating.

JP 2005-329493 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-70842 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-10485

  In the conventional machine tool as described above, the machine tool described in Patent Document 3 includes a coupling and a coupling coupling having high-precision meshing teeth inside the spindle head, and a coupling coupling hydraulically or pneumatically. It has a complicated configuration incorporating a cylinder for operation, and there is a problem in that the product cost increases.

  In the machine tools described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, rotation prevention is realized outside the spindle head, and a rotation prevention effect can be obtained with a simple configuration. However, in Patent Document 2, a pin and an engagement block are obtained. However, it is only engaged at one place in the circumferential direction of the tool holder, so that a sufficient anti-rotation effect cannot be obtained, and the rigidity against the force applied to the turning tool in the radial direction during machining is enhanced, and the radial force Therefore, it is difficult to prevent the turning tool from moving, and it is difficult to achieve stable machining with the turning tool.

  In the machine tool described in Patent Document 1, the engagement between the key and the key groove occurs at two locations in the circumferential direction of the tool holder, and a sufficient anti-rotation effect can be obtained. There is a possibility of interfering with the grip for gripping the tool holder when changing the tool. In addition, the turning tool held by the tool holder is slightly turned within the range of the engagement gap between the key and the key groove, and there is a possibility that the accuracy of processing by the turning tool is lowered. In Patent Document 1, the spindle motor is driven to rotate in one direction when the turning tool is mounted, and the key and the keyway are kept pressed. However, the direction of the rotational force applied to the turning tool during machining is unavoidable. Therefore, it is difficult to suppress a minute rotation. Further, the key and the key groove are engaged at two positions opposed to each other in the radial direction, and do not have a function of restraining the force in the depth direction of the key groove. Accordingly, there is a problem in that the turning tool being processed moves in the depth direction of the keyway due to the radial force applied in various directions, and the processing accuracy decreases due to the synergistic action with the minute rotation described above.

  Further, in the machine tool described in Patent Document 1, when machining is performed with a rotary tool mounted on the spindle, the key protruding from the spindle head is exposed, and cutting waste generated by machining is exposed. May adhere. When the tool is changed to the turning tool with the chips attached to the key, there is a problem in that the turning of the turning tool fails because the key does not fit in the key groove. In addition, there is a problem in that cutting chips attached when the key is fitted into the key groove damage the fitting surface.

  In addition, in the machine tool described in Patent Document 1, high dimensional accuracy and position accuracy are required for each of the two keys divided and disposed on the spindle head side in consideration of the accuracy of the two key grooves on the tool holder side. As a result, there is a problem that the product cost is increased.

  An object of the present invention is to reliably prevent rotation and movement of a turning tool mounted on a rotatable main shaft via a tool holder with a simple configuration, and enables turning with high machining accuracy. To provide a machine tool.

  A machine tool according to the present invention selectively attaches and detaches a rotary tool and a turning tool to each end of a spindle supported rotatably on a spindle head via separate tool holders, and is attached to the spindle. In a machine tool for processing a workpiece with a rotating tool or a turning tool, a tool holder for holding the turning tool is provided with a flange having an engagement hole, and the spindle head is provided with the engagement hole. An engagement protrusion to be engaged and a first nozzle for injecting a cleaning liquid to the engagement protrusion are provided.

  In the present invention, the rotary tool and the turning tool are selectively attached to and detached from the end of the main spindle that is rotatably supported by the main spindle head by a machine tool via separate tool holders. The workpiece is processed by the mounted rotary tool or turning tool. A tool holder for holding a turning tool is provided with a flange having an engagement hole. The spindle head is provided with an engagement protrusion that engages with an engagement hole on the tool holder side, and the engagement hole on the tool holder side and the engagement protrusion on the spindle head side engage with each other, thereby Prevent rotation and movement. The first nozzle sprays cleaning liquid onto the engagement protrusion on the main shaft head side, and removes foreign matters such as cutting dust adhering to the engagement protrusion.

  In the machine tool according to the present invention, a key (or key groove) that fits into a key groove (or key) of the tool holder is formed at the end, and the key (or key groove) is formed on the spindle head. A second nozzle for ejecting the cleaning liquid is provided.

  In the present invention, the key (or key groove) that fits into the key groove (or key) of the tool holder is formed at the end of the main shaft. The second nozzle provided in the spindle head injects cleaning liquid onto the key (or key groove) formed at the end of the spindle, cleans the key (or key groove), and ensures the tool holder Can be mounted on the main shaft.

  The machine tool according to the present invention includes a nozzle head in which the first nozzle and the second nozzle are formed.

  In the present invention, the first nozzle and the second nozzle are formed in the nozzle head, and the nozzle head is provided in the spindle head. Thus, with a simple configuration, the engaging projection on the main shaft head side is cleaned with the cleaning liquid from the first nozzle, and the key (or key groove) formed on the end of the main shaft is cleaned with the cleaning liquid from the second nozzle. be able to.

  In the machine tool according to the present invention, the flange has two engagement holes, and the spindle head is provided with the two engagement protrusions respectively engaged with the two engagement holes. A nozzle head formed with two first nozzles each for injecting a cleaning liquid onto the engaging protrusion; and between each of the first nozzles and the engaging protrusion from which the first nozzle injects a cleaning liquid. The nozzle heads are arranged so that the distances are substantially equal.

  In the present invention, two engaging protrusions that engage with the two engaging holes provided in the flange are provided on the spindle head. The nozzle head is arranged so that the distance between each of the two first nozzles formed on the nozzle head and the engaging projection from which the first nozzle ejects the cleaning liquid is substantially equal. As a result, the flow rates of the cleaning liquid sprayed from the nozzles can be made equal, and the two engaging protrusions provided on the spindle head can be cleaned evenly.

  In the machine tool according to the present invention, a key (or key groove) that fits into a key groove (or key) of the tool holder is formed at the end, and cleaning liquid is applied to the key (or key groove). The second nozzle to be ejected is formed in the nozzle head.

  In the present invention, the key (or key groove) that fits into the key groove (or key) of the tool holder is formed at the end of the main shaft. Since the second nozzle for injecting the cleaning liquid to the key (or key groove) formed at the end of the main shaft is formed in the nozzle head, the first nozzle and the second nozzle can be realized with a simple configuration.

  The machine tool according to the present invention includes gripping means for gripping the tool holder, approaching the end from one side in a direction intersecting the main shaft, and separating away from the one side. It is provided on one side and the opposite side.

  In the present invention, the gripping means for gripping the tool approaches the end portion from one side in the direction intersecting the main axis and moves away from the one side. Since the first nozzle is provided on the side opposite to the one side, the first nozzle can be disposed so as not to interfere with the gripping means, and the tool can be changed reliably.

  According to the present invention, a rotary tool and a turning tool are selectively attached to and detached from the end of a spindle supported rotatably on the spindle head by a machine tool via separate tool holders, and attached to the spindle. The workpiece is processed by the rotating tool or turning tool. A tool holder for holding a turning tool is provided with a flange having an engagement hole. The spindle head is provided with an engaging projection that engages with an engaging hole on the tool holder side. The turning and moving of the turning tool can be prevented by engaging the engaging hole on the tool holder side with the engaging protrusion on the spindle head side. The first nozzle sprays cleaning liquid onto the engagement protrusion on the spindle head side, and removes foreign matters such as cutting chips adhering to the engagement protrusion. Therefore, the tool is securely mounted and turning with high machining accuracy is possible. Processing becomes possible.

It is a side view of a machine tool. It is a back side perspective view of the spindle head in the state where a tool is mounted. It is a front perspective view of the spindle head in a state where a tool is removed. It is a back side perspective view of a tool holder. It is a back side perspective view of an engaging projection part. It is a bottom view of an engaging protrusion part. It is explanatory drawing explaining the support structure of a pin. It is a bottom view of the lower end part of a spindle head. It is a front view of a nozzle head. It is explanatory drawing which shows the injection direction of the coolant from a nozzle head.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings illustrating embodiments thereof. In the following description, up and down, left and right, and front and rear indicated by arrows in the figure are used. 1 is a side view of the machine tool 100, FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the spindle head 3 with the tool 4 mounted thereon, and FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of the spindle head 3 with the tool 4 removed. FIG.

  The machine tool 100 arranges a Y-direction moving device (not shown) on the upper surface of the base 10 and supports the Y-direction moving table 11 so that the Y-direction moving device can move in the Y direction. An X-direction moving device (not shown) is arranged on the upper surface of the Y-direction moving table, and the column 12 is supported by the X-direction moving device so as to be movable in the X direction. The column 12 has a columnar shape, a Z-direction moving device (not shown) is disposed on the front surface, and supports the spindle head 3 on the front side of the Z-direction moving device so as to be movable in the Z direction. The Z-direction moving device is connected to, for example, the output shaft of the Z-axis motor 13 and extends in the up-down direction, a nut screwed into the feed screw shaft, and a guide rail extending in the up-down direction on the front surface of the column 12. And a block fitted to the guide rail. The spindle head 3 is fixed to the nut and the block. The spindle head 3 is raised and lowered according to the rotation of the feed screw shaft driven by the Z-axis motor 13.

  The machine tool 100 supports the workpiece (workpiece) by the workpiece support device 15 and processes the workpiece by the tool 4 attached to the spindle head 3. The work support device 15 has a work table 16 for clamping the work. The work support device 15 can rotate the work around two axes. In general, when a workpiece is rotated about axes parallel to the X, Y, and Z axes that are axes for moving the spindle head 3, the rotation axes of the workpiece correspond to the X, Y, and Z axes as A, B , Called the C-axis. The workpiece support device 15 according to the present embodiment is provided with a workpiece base 16 on a swinging body (not shown) that swings around the A axis, and the workpiece can rotate around the A axis by swinging the swinging body. . A work table 16 is connected to the output shaft of the C-axis drive unit 15a fixed to the rocking body, and the work clamped on the work table 16 can be rotated at high speed around the C axis.

  The spindle head 3 supports a spindle 34 inside. The main shaft 34 is connected to a main shaft motor 31 fixed to the upper portion of the main shaft head 3, and rotates around the central axis in the vertical direction by driving the main shaft motor 31. The lower end portion of the main shaft 34 protrudes below the main shaft head 3 and holds the tool 4 to be mounted as will be described later. The tool 4 moves up and down with the spindle head 3.

  A plurality of tools 4 are stored in the tool magazine 2. The tool 4 includes a turning tool as well as a rotating tool such as a drill, a tap, and an end mill. The tool magazine 2 includes a support beam 21, a rail 22, a chain 23, a plurality of gripping arms 24, a magazine drive unit 25, and the like. The support beam 21 is a plate-like structural member having a triangular shape inclined downward with the upper side as a hypotenuse, and is fixed to the left and right of the column 12 in a cantilever manner. The support beam 21 extends from a portion fixed to the left and right of the column 12 to be inclined downward from both sides of the spindle head 3. The upper end surface of the support beam 21 is inclined by approximately 30 ° from the horizontal plane from the front lower side to the rear upper side.

  The rail 22 is an oval annular member, and is fixed to the support beam 21 so as to surround the column 12 and the spindle head 3. The chain 23 is configured by connecting endlessly a plurality of moving platforms having rollers that fit on the rail 22 and roll on the rail 22. A gripping arm 24 is attached to each moving table, and the gripping arm 24 grips a tool holder 40 that holds the tool 4. The chain 23 circulates along the rail 22 by the drive of the magazine drive unit 25. When the tool 4 is replaced, the chain 23 is circulated by driving the magazine drive unit 25, and the gripping arm 24 that grips the desired tool 4 is conveyed to the replacement position (the front lower end of the rail 22) below the spindle head 3. Is done.

  The tool 4 is held by a known tool holder 40. The gripping arm 24 grips the tool 4 through the tool holder 40 by pushing the tip gripping portion 24 a branched into two into the holding groove 44 (see FIG. 4) on the outer periphery of the tool holder 40.

  In FIG. 1, the gripping arm 24 in the exchange position below the spindle head 3 is in a posture in which the gripping tool 4 is mounted on the spindle 34 and then separated from the spindle 34 and waiting. . The grip arm 24 has an arm shaft hole (not shown) into which the arm pivot is inserted at the upper end. The axial direction of the arm pivot is parallel to the X-axis direction when the gripping arm 24 is in the lower front exchange position of the spindle head 3, and the gripping arm 24 rotates around the arm pivot so that the tip gripping portion 24 a becomes the spindle 34. Approach and leave. A cam 32 extends vertically on the front side surface of the spindle head 3 so as to project forward. The grip arm 24 has a cam follower (not shown) that contacts the cam 32.

  The spindle head 3 descends from the origin position shown in FIG. 1 during machining, and rises from the origin position shown in FIG. 1 when changing tools. The gripping arm 24 in the exchange position below the front of the spindle head 3 swings following the rising and lowering of the spindle head 3. When the spindle head 3 is raised, the tip gripping portion 24a of the grip arm 24 approaches the spindle 34 and grips the tool holder 40 from the front. The spindle head 3 is further raised after the gripping of the tool holder 40 is completed. The tool holder 40 grasped by the grasping arm 24 moves relatively downward and is detached from the main shaft 34 together with the tool 4. The chain 23 rotates in this state, and the gripping arm 24 holding the tool 4 to be used next is indexed to an exchange position below and below the spindle head 3.

  The tool 4 is mounted on the spindle 34 when the spindle head 3 is lowered and the tool holder 40 is fitted into the lower end portion of the spindle 34. The tool 4 mounted on the spindle 34 is in the state shown in FIG. 1 when the spindle head 3 is lowered to the origin position, and stands by in preparation for machining.

  With the above operation, the tool 4 can be exchanged between the main spindle 34 and the tool magazine 2. The tool 4 mounted on the spindle 34 moves down from the origin position together with the spindle head 3 to process the workpiece clamped on the workpiece table 16.

  When the tool 4 is a rotary tool, the tool 4 attached to the main shaft 34 rotates with the main shaft 34 by driving the main shaft motor 31. The workpiece is positioned by rotating around the A axis and the C axis. The tool 4 that rotates together with the spindle 34 moves up and down, right and left, and back and forth together with the spindle head 3 to process the workpiece.

  When the tool 4 is a turning tool for turning, the spindle 34 is locked in a non-rotating state. When the work table 16 is rotationally driven by the C-axis drive unit 15a, the work rotates. The tool 4 descends together with the spindle head 3, and turns the surface of the workpiece by pressing the tip against the rotating workpiece.

  FIG. 2 shows a state in which the turning tool 4 is mounted on the spindle 34. The tool holder 40 of the tool 4 includes a non-rotating flange 41 that protrudes rearward. On the lower surface of the spindle head 3 that supports the spindle 34, an engagement projection 5 that protrudes downward is provided at the rear position of the projection of the spindle 34. The tips of the pins 51 and 51 are projected. The anti-rotation flange 41 and the tip portions of the pins 51 and 51 are engaged with each other as shown in the figure by attaching the tool 4 to the main shaft 34, and the tool 4 is rotated around the central axis and the force applied in the radial direction. It prevents the movement of the tool and acts so that turning with high machining accuracy can be performed stably.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the spindle head 3 has a bearing retainer 33 for holding a bearing for supporting the spindle 34 at the lower end. An air pipe 81 and a coolant pipe 82 are connected to the bearing retainer 33 at the rear. An air flow path through which air flows and a coolant flow path through which coolant liquid flows are formed inside the bearing retainer 33. The air prevents the cutting waste from entering the main shaft 34. The coolant (cleaning liquid) is used for cleaning the pins 51 and 51, a key 36 described later, and the like.

  FIG. 3 shows a state where the tool 4 is not mounted on the main shaft 34. The main shaft 34 is formed with a tapered hole 35 whose inner diameter increases downward at the lower end. The tool holder 40 is mounted on the main shaft 34 by fitting a tapered mounting portion 42 (see FIG. 4) formed on the upper portion thereof into the tapered hole 35. Two keys 36, 36 project from the peripheral edge of the lower end portion of the main shaft 34 in the radial direction, and fit into a key groove (not shown) on the tool holder 40 side. A nozzle head 6 projects from the lower end surface of the bearing retainer 33. The nozzle head 6 injects coolant that cleans the engaging protrusions 51, 51 and the like.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the rotation prevention flange 41, the engagement protrusion 5, and the nozzle head 6 will be described. 4 is a rear perspective view of the tool holder 40, FIG. 5 is a rear perspective view of the engagement protrusion 5, FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the engagement protrusion 5, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing explaining a support structure. FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the lower end portion of the spindle head 3.

  The anti-rotation flange 41 is formed by an annular substrate 41a, and an engaging plate 41b that is formed in a trapezoidal shape so as to protrude outward in the radial direction at about a half circumference of the outer periphery of the substrate 41a. The substrate 41 a is fixed to the lower surface of the tool holder 40 with a plurality of fixing bolts 45. The engagement plate 41b has engagement holes 43 and 43 formed on the two tops of the engagement plate 41b on the circumference that is coaxial with the tool holder 40, respectively. The illustrated engagement holes 43, 43 are elongated holes cut out on one side and open to the outer periphery of the engagement plate 41 b, but this opening is not essential and is a long hole or a circular shape closed in the engagement plate 41 b. It may be a hole.

  The engagement holes 43 and 43 are provided at positions where the respective center lines passing through the centers of the tool 4 and the tool holder 40 have an opening angle of approximately 90 ° on the side facing backward when mounted on the main shaft 34. In addition, the opening angle of the engagement holes 43 and 43 is not limited to 90 °, and can be appropriately set within the formation range of the rotation prevention flange 41. That is, the opening angle may be larger than 0 ° and smaller than 180 °, but is desirably 85 ° or larger and smaller than 100 °.

  The engaging protrusion 5 is integrally constituted by a base 50, pins 51, 51 and the like. The base 50 includes support bases 50a and 50a and a connecting portion 50b. The support bases 50 a and 50 a have a columnar shape, and the upper end surface is in contact with the lower end surface of the spindle head 3. The connecting portion 50b has a plate shape and connects the side surfaces of the support bases 50a and 50a. A vertical through hole is provided at the upper end of the support bases 50a, 50a. The engaging protrusion 5 is fixed to the spindle head 3 by inserting a screw into the through hole and screwing it into screw holes 37 a and 37 a (see FIG. 8) provided on the lower end surface of the spindle head 3. Further, pin holes are formed in the upper end surfaces of the support bases 50a and 50a, and positioning pins are inserted into the pin holes, and pin holes 37b and 37b (see FIG. 8) provided on the lower end surface of the spindle head 3 are inserted. By engaging, the engaging protrusion 5 is positioned.

  The engaging projection 5 has a through hole 50c in a state of being attached to the lower end surface of the spindle head 3 (see FIG. 2). Pipes such as an air pipe 81 and a coolant pipe 82 connected to the spindle head 3 are inserted into the through hole 50c. As shown in FIG. 6, the engagement protrusion 5 is U-shaped in a plan view (and a cross section orthogonal to the main axis), the open side faces forward, and is inside the U-shape. The nozzle head 6 is disposed on the spindle head 3 so that the nozzle head 6 is located between 51 (between the support bases 50a and 50a).

  The pins 51 and 51 protrude from the support bases 50a and 50a, and the tip portions protrude below the lower end surfaces of the support bases 50a and 50a. The projecting positions of the pins 51 and 51 are on a circumference that is coaxial with the main shaft 34 on which the tool holder 40 is mounted in order to enable engagement with the engagement holes 43 and 43 of the detent flange 41. Each is set on an opening line passing through the center of the main shaft 34 and having an opening angle of about 90 ° on the rear side.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the pin 51 is a hollow round bar, supported in a vertical support hole 54a provided in the support base 50a, and slidable in the axial direction. A stopper bolt 52 is inserted into the hollow portion of the pin 51 from above. The stopper bolt 52 is coupled to the lower portion of the pin 51 by a screw portion at the lower end, and the head of the stopper bolt 52 is in contact with the upper surface of the step portion 54b provided on the inner periphery of the intermediate portion of the support hole 54a. The lower surface of the stepped portion 54b faces the upper end portion of the pin 51, and a push spring 53 is interposed between them. Note that the lower end of the push spring 53 may be in contact with the lower end surface of the pin 51 in the hollow space.

  With the configuration described above, the pin 51 is supported in a state in which the downward biasing by the push spring 53 is stopped at a position where the head of the stopper bolt 52 contacts the stepped portion 54b and protrudes below the support base 50a by an appropriate length. . The tip 51a of the pin 51 projecting downward from the support base 50a is tapered toward the tip. The pin 51 thus supported can be moved upward against the biasing force of the push spring 53 by the action of an upward force applied to the tip 51a, as indicated by white arrows in FIG. . As indicated by a two-dot chain line in the drawing, the pin 51 hits the engagement hole 43 of the rotation preventing flange 41 engaged from below at any position of the tip 51a, and the pin 51 is pressed upward for an appropriate length. Engage with.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the two engagement holes 43, 43 of the non-rotating flange 41 engage with the respective pins 51, 51, and the rotation with respect to the spindle head 3 to which the engagement protrusion 5 is attached is restricted. The Therefore, the tool holder 40 provided with the non-rotating flange 41 and the turning tool 4 held by the tool holder 40 are not rotated by a circumferential action force applied during machining.

  Next, the nozzle head 6 will be described. FIG. 9 is a front view of the nozzle head 6. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the injection direction of the coolant from the nozzle head 6. In FIG. 10, the coolant injection direction is indicated by a white arrow. The nozzle head 6 has a configuration in which a truncated cone-shaped first injection unit 61, second injection unit 62, and third injection unit 63 are coaxially stacked on a base 60 on a cylindrical base 60. A main flow path 60a that allows the coolant to flow to the lower end is formed in the shaft center. The upper end opening of the main channel 60 a is connected to the coolant channel opening formed in the bearing retainer 33 and continues to the coolant pipe 82.

  The first injection unit 61 has two nozzles 61a and 61a that are inclined downward, and a channel 61b that communicates from the main channel 60a to the nozzles 61a and 61a is formed inside. The channel 61 b is formed so that the axial direction is orthogonal to the side surface of the first injection unit 61. The nozzles 61 a and 61 a are provided at left and right positions substantially opposite to the radial direction on the peripheral side surface of the first injection unit 61. Referring to FIG. 10, the left nozzle 61a sprays the coolant in the direction S1 of the tip 51a of the left pin 51, and the right nozzle 61a sprays the coolant in the direction S2 of the tip 51a of the right pin 51. Thus, the tip portions 51a and 51a of the pins 51 and 51 are cleaned. The distance between the left nozzle 61a and the tip 51a of the left pin 51 and the distance between the right nozzle 61a and the tip 51a of the right pin 51 are substantially equal. The flow rate of the coolant poured into the tip portions 51a and 51a of the 51 is made substantially the same. Thereby, the washing | cleaning effect with respect to the front-end | tip parts 51a and 51a of the pins 51 and 51 becomes equivalent.

  Three nozzles 62a, 62a, 62a that are obliquely upward are opened in the second injection unit 62, and a flow path 62b that communicates from the main flow path 60a to the nozzles 62a, 62a, 62a is formed therein. The channel 62 b is formed so that the axial direction is orthogonal to the side surface of the second injection unit 62. Of the three nozzles 62a, 62a, 62a, the central nozzle 62a faces forward. The left and right nozzles 62a, 62a are directed left and right on the front side. Referring to FIG. 10, the nozzles 62a, 62a, 62a provided in the second injection unit 62 inject the coolant in the directions T1, T2, T3 of the front key 36 and its periphery (end surface of the main shaft 34), Wash the front key 36 and its surroundings.

  Two nozzles 63a and 63a that are obliquely upward are opened in the third injection unit 63, and a flow path 63b that communicates from the main flow path 60a to the nozzles 63a and 63a is formed therein. The flow path 63 b is formed so that the axial direction is orthogonal to the side surface of the third injection unit 63. The two nozzles 63a and 63a face the left and right sides on the front side. Referring to FIG. 10, the nozzles 63 a and 63 a provided in the third injection unit 63 inject coolant in the directions R <b> 1 and R <b> 2 around the rear key 36 (end surface of the main shaft 34), and around the rear key 36. Wash.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the rotary tool and the turning tool are selectively attached to and detached from the end portion of the spindle 34 that is rotatably supported by the spindle head 3 through the separate tool holders 40. Then, the workpiece is machined with a rotary tool or a turning tool mounted on the spindle 34. A tool holder 40 for holding a turning tool is provided with a non-rotating flange 41 having engagement holes 43, 43. The spindle head 3 is provided with pins 51, 51 that engage with the engagement holes 43, 43 of the tool holder 40. The engagement holes 43, 43 on the tool holder 40 side and the pins 51, 51 on the spindle head 34 side are provided. The engagement of 51 prevents the turning and movement of the turning tool.

  As described above, the engagement holes 43 and 43 are provided at positions where the center lines passing through the centers of the tool holder 40 and the tool 4 have an opening angle of approximately 90 °. Therefore, even if radial forces in various directions are applied to the tool 4 during turning, these radial forces are supported by the contact portion between at least one of the engagement holes 43 and the pin 51, and Radial movement can be reliably prevented. A similar movement preventing effect can be obtained by a plurality of engagement holes 43 appropriately provided within the formation range of the non-rotating flange 41, but as shown in the embodiment, at a position having an opening angle of 90 °. Providing the two engagement holes 43, 43 is preferable because a good movement preventing effect can be obtained.

  Thus, the turning tool 4 is not moved by any force applied during the machining, and the tool 4 can machine the workpiece stably and with high accuracy.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the nozzles 61a, 61a provided in the first injection unit 61 inject coolant to the tip portions 51a, 51a of the pins 51, 51 on the spindle head side, and the tip portions 51a, 51a. Since foreign matter such as cutting waste adhering to the surface is removed, the tool 4 can be securely attached and turning can be performed with high processing accuracy.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the keys 36 and 36 that fit into the key grooves of the tool holder 40 are formed at the lower end portion of the main shaft 34. Since the nozzles 62a, 62a, 62a and the nozzles 63a, 63a provided in the nozzle head 6 are cleaned by injecting coolant onto the keys 36, 36 formed at the lower end of the main shaft 34, the tool holder 40 Can be securely attached to the main shaft 34. The keys 36 and 36 may be key grooves. In this case, the tool holder 40 is provided with a key.

  According to the present embodiment, the nozzle head 6 provided on the spindle head 3 is formed with the nozzles 61a, 61a, the nozzles 62a, 62a, 62a, and the nozzles 63a, 63a. Thus, with a simple configuration, the tips 51a, 51a of the pins 51, 51 of the engaging projection 5 are washed with the coolant from the nozzles 61a, 61a, and the keys 36, 36 formed on the lower end of the main shaft 34 are removed. It can wash | clean with the coolant from nozzle 62a, 62a, 62a and nozzle 63a, 63a.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the spindle head 3 is provided with the two pins 51, 51 that are engaged with the two engagement holes 43, 43 provided in the detent flange 41. The distance between the two nozzles 61a and 61a formed in the nozzle head 6 and the tip portions 51a and 51a of the pins 51 and 51 from which the nozzles 61a and 61a respectively inject coolant is approximately equal. A nozzle head 6 is arranged. Thereby, the flow velocity of the coolant sprayed from the nozzles 61a, 61a can be made equal, and the tip portions 51a, 51a of the two pins 51, 51 provided on the spindle head 3 can be evenly cleaned.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, in the state where the tool holder 40 is mounted on the main shaft 34, the detent flange 41 is arranged so that the trapezoidal engagement plate 41b projects rearward. Therefore, the tip gripping portion 24 a of the gripping arm 24 that approaches from the front and moves away from the front can securely grip the tool holder 40 without interfering with the rotation prevention flange 41. Further, since the engaging protrusion 5 and the nozzle head 6 are arranged on the rear side of the lower end portion of the main shaft 34, similarly, the tip gripping portion 24 a of the gripping arm 24 is connected to the engaging protrusion 5 and the nozzle head 6. The tool holder 40 can be securely gripped without interfering with the tool. Therefore, the tool 4 can be surely exchanged between the main shaft 34 and the tool magazine 2.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the spindle head 3 is provided with a base 50 on which a plurality of pins 51, 51 that engage with the engagement holes 43, 43 on the tool holder 40 side are arranged. Since the positions of the plurality of pins 51, 51 are determined by the single base 50, position accuracy can be obtained with a simple configuration, and rotation and movement of the turning tool can be prevented.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the plurality of pins 51, 51 are each urged toward the distal end by the pressing spring 53, and the engagement holes 43, 43 of the non-rotating flange 41 are urged by the pressing spring 53. By pushing up the pins 51 and 51 against each other, the pins 51 and 51 are closely engaged with each other without any gap, and the turning and movement of the turning tool are surely prevented.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, since the plurality of columnar support bases 50a and 50a that support the plurality of pins 51 and 51 are connected by the connecting portion 50b, the base 50 is formed with a simple configuration. And manufacturability is good.

  In addition, according to the present embodiment, the two columnar support bases 50a and 50a that support the two pins 51 and 51 are connected by the plate-like connection part 50b, and the axial direction of the support bases 50a and 50a is connected. Since the cross section of the base 50 that intersects with the U-shaped portion is U-shaped, the nozzle head 6 that cleans the parts to be disposed at the lower end portion of the main shaft 34, for example, the pins 51, 51, can be disposed inside the U-shaped. .

  Further, according to the present embodiment, since the through hole 50c through which the pipe such as the air pipe 81 and the coolant pipe 82 connected to the spindle head 3 is inserted is provided in the base 50, the parts in the spindle head 3, for example, the 2 It does not impede the cleaning function of the two pins 51 and 51 and the keys 36 and 36 formed at the lower end of the main shaft 34.

A modification in which the embodiment described above is partially modified will be described.
1) The tool magazine 2 is not limited to the configuration and arrangement shown in the embodiment, and may be a known appropriate configuration and arrangement.
2) The non-rotating flange 41 is not limited to the configuration of the annular substrate 41a and the trapezoidal engagement plate 41b shown in the embodiment, and the outer circumference of the tool holder 40 has a radial direction within an angular range smaller than a semicircular circumference. An appropriate shape that satisfies the condition of projecting outward can be used.
3) The urging means for urging the pins 51, 51 in the direction of the tip of the pin is not limited to the push spring 53, but may be other urging means such as a pneumatic cylinder.
4) The nozzle head 6 is not limited to the configuration in which the truncated cone-shaped injection portion is coaxially stacked on the cylindrical base portion 60, and a nozzle for injecting coolant to the pins 51 and 51 and the keys 36 and 36 is formed. For example, the shape / configuration can be changed to an arbitrary shape such as a prism or a truncated pyramid.

100 Machine tool 24 Gripping arm (gripping means)
3 Spindle head 34 Spindle 36 Key 4 Tool 40 Tool holder 41 Non-rotating flange (flange)
43, 43 engagement hole 51, 51 pin (engagement protrusion)
6 Nozzle head 61a, 61a Nozzle (first nozzle)
62a, 62a, 62a nozzle (second nozzle)
63a, 63a nozzle (second nozzle)

Claims (6)

A rotary tool and a turning tool are selectively attached to and detached from the end of the spindle that is rotatably supported by the spindle head via separate tool holders, and are covered by the rotary tool or the turning tool mounted on the spindle. In machine tools that process workpieces,
The tool holder for holding the turning tool is provided with a flange having an engagement hole,
A machine tool, wherein the spindle head is provided with an engagement protrusion that engages with the engagement hole, and a first nozzle that ejects cleaning liquid to the engagement protrusion. A key (or key groove) that fits into the key groove (or key) of the tool holder is formed at the end,
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the spindle head is provided with a second nozzle that injects a cleaning liquid onto the key (or key groove).   The machine tool according to claim 2, comprising a nozzle head in which the first nozzle and the second nozzle are formed. The flange has two engagement holes,
The main spindle head is provided with the two engaging protrusions which are respectively engaged with the two engaging holes;
Comprising a nozzle head in which two first nozzles for injecting a cleaning liquid to each of the two engaging projections are formed;
2. The nozzle head according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle heads are arranged such that distances between the first nozzles and the engagement protrusions from which the first nozzles eject the cleaning liquid are substantially equal. Machine tools. A key (or key groove) that fits into the key groove (or key) of the tool holder is formed at the end,
The machine tool according to claim 4, wherein a second nozzle for injecting a cleaning liquid to the key (or key groove) is formed in the nozzle head. Gripping means for gripping the tool holder, approaching the end from one side in the direction intersecting the main axis, and separating to the one side;
The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first nozzle is provided on a side opposite to the one side.

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